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;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;

;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L s]zj k|;fb pkfWofo

dfggLo GofofwLz >L s]bf/gfy pkfWofo

dfggLo GofofwLz >L s[i0fh+u /fodfemL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L uf]laGb axfb'/ >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L c/ljGbgfy cfrfo{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L xl/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L s[i0f s'df/ jdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L xl/ZrGb| k|;fb pkfWofo

dfggLo GofofwLz >L 6f]k axfb'/ l;+x

dfggLo GofofwLz >L lbnLk s'df/ kf}8]n

dfggLo GofofwLz >L uf]kfn k|;fb vqL

cfb]z

ljifo M– g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f **-@_ adf]lhd pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z nufot hf] rflxg] cf1f jf cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpF .

;Djt\ @)%( ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #%$@

sf7df08f}+ lhNnf sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) jfg]Zj/
a:g] clwjQmf Zofd s'df/ vqL ;d]t

;Djt\ @)%( ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #%*)

afUn'ª lhNnf dNd uf=lj=;= 3/ eO{ xfn sf=d=kf=
j8f g+= #@ d}ltb]jL a:g] lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o
tyf /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ kf6L{sf cWoIf lrq axfb'/ s]=;L= ;d]t ––––––––––––––––.   lgj]bs

;Djt\ @)%( ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #%*!

l;Gw'nL lhNnf sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ 3/ eO{ xfn
sf=lh=sf=d=kf=j8f g+= #% k]K;Lsf]nf a:g] clwjQmf w|'j sf]O/fnf –––––––––––.

;Djt\ @)%( ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #%*$

:o+fUhf lhNnf lgjf{rg If]q g+= # lj3f{ cr{n] uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ^
a:g] z+s/ k|;fb kf08]o ;d]t –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––.

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;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{no
l;+xb/jf/ sf7df8f}+ –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––!

>L % sf] ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno l;+xb/jf/ sf7df8f}+ ­––––––––––––––––!

;DdfggLo ;efd'v, ;+;b ;lrjfno, l;+xb/jf/ sf7df8f}+ ––––––––––––––––––!  ljkIfL

dfggLo pk;efd'v ;+;b ;lrjfno l;+xb/jf/ sf7df8f+} –––––––––––––––––––!

;+;b ;lrjfno l;+xb/jf/ sf7df8f}+ ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––!

lgjf{rg cfof]u, sflGtky, sf7df8f+} ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––!

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L @)%( ;fn sflt{s @& ut] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ltly tf]Sg ldlt @)%( ;fn h]i7 * ut] ug{' ePsf] l;kmfl/z ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf tyf ;+ljwfgåf/f cjnlDat ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] d'No / dfGotf Pj+ ;jf{]Rr cbfntåf/f k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ljkl/t x'g'sf ;fy} b'/fzoo'Qm, ab\lgot k"0f{ ;d]t ePsf]n] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] ;DaGwdf ePsf] l;kmfl/z tyf ;f] ;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f **-@_ ad]flhd pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;ef k'g:yf{kgf ug{ k/dfb]z nufotsf] hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cf1f, cfb]z jf k"lh{ hf/L kfpF elg o; cbfntdf cnu cnu ?kdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf l/6 lgj]bgx?sf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f o; k|sf/ 5 M–

lgj]bs clwjQmf Zofds'df/ vqL ;d]tsf] lgj]bg Joxf]/f M

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo zf;g k|0ffnL / ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lglxt x'g] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% n] @)% ;b:o /xg] k|ltlglw ;efsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5  . ;f] wf/fsf] pkwf/f -#_ n] k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw % jif{sf] x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:ox?sf] lgjf{rg @)%^ ;fndf ePsf]n] xfn # jif{ dfq k"/f ePsf] 5 . ;dofjlw g;lsPsf] k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ d'gfl;j sf/0f ljgf lj36g ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 5}g . k|hftflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lglxt /xg] / hgk|ltlglwx? ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfsf k|ltlglwx? dflgG5g\ . o;}n] :ki6 ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL cfwf/ j]u/ kbfjlw g;ls+b} pgLx?nfO{ x6fpg ;ls+b}g . k|ltlglw ;efn] cGo j}slNks ;/sf/ lbg;Sg] cj:yf /x];Dd To:tf] k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ lj36g ug{ gkfpg] ;DaGwdf ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 l;4fGt k|ltkfbg eO;s]sf] 5 . xfn k|ltlglw ;efdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; bnsf] !!$ hgf ;b:o lgjf{lrt ePsf]n] k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfsf] ljsNkdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; leq}af6 c? s'g} JolQm k|wfgdGqL x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ df k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ePtfklg pQm Joj:yf k|wfgdGqLsf] :jljj]sLo clwsf/ xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf klg l;4fGt k|ltkfbg eO;s]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL :jo+ klg hgk|ltlglw ePsf]n] ;+w} hgtf / hgk|ltlglw pk/ pQ/bfoL x'g' kb{5 . cfÎgf] pQ/bfloTjaf6 klG5g kfpg] u/L k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug'{ k|hftflGqs d"No Pj+ ;+j}wflgs cfb]z ljkl/t 5 . o; k|sf/ ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLn] ldlt @)%(.@.* df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ l;kmfl/z ug{' ePsf] sfo{ / lj36g ug{] cfwf/ ;d]tsf ;DaGwdf ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] JofVof ;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? ;d]t lg/f]k0f ug{' kg]{ b]lvPsf]n] To;tkm{ ;d]t larf/ u/L ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLn] ug{' ePsf] q'6Lk"0f{ l;kmfl/z / ;f] cfwf/df ePsf] ;+;b lj36g tyf tT;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxL k|f/Deb]lv g} ab/ u/L k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ oyfjt sfod /fVg' elg ljkIfLx?sf] gfpFdf hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpF .

lgj]bs lrqaxfb'/ s]=;L= ;d]tsf] lgj]bg Joxf]/f M

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !!%-!_ cg';f/ ldlt @)%*.*.!! ut] hf/L ul/Psf] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cfb]z k|ltlglw ;efsf] PSsfO;f}]+ clwj]zgaf6 cg'df]bg eO{ ldlt @)%(.@.!) ;Dd ;+s6sfn nfu" /x]sf] lyof] . ldlt @)%(.@.# df cNk;"rgfsf cfwf/df ldlt @)%(.@.( b]lv ;+;bsf] jfO;f}+ clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg ul/of] . ;f]xL ldltdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw a9fpg] k|:tfj ;+;b ;lrjfnodf btf{ ul/Psf]n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{ ;"rLdf ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/of] . pQm ljifonfO{ lnP/ ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLsf] kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] jxf;Fu :kli6s/0f ;f]Wg'sf ;fy} cft+ssf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds -ck/fw tyf ;hfo_ P]g, @)%* nfu" eO;s]sf] kl/l:yltdf ;+s6sfnnfO{ lg/Gttf lbg cfjZos gePsf] 7x/ u/L pQm k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng ldlt @)%(.@.* df k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lgb{]zg hf/L u¥of] . ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLHo"n] cfÎgf] kf6L{leqsf] cfGtl/s snxnfO{ lgx'+ agfO{ ;f]xL /ftL dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o j]u/ g} ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ / @)%( ;fn sflt{s @& ut] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] u/L r9fpg' ePsf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df @)%(.&.@& df gof+ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] u/L k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/of] . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g u/]kl5 ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw nDJofpg] k|:tfjnfO{ /fli6«o ;efsf] j}7sdf k]z u/L lg0f{o u/fpg' kg{]df ;f] ;d]t gu/L ldlt @)%(.@.( df z'? ePsf] /fli6«o ;efsf] j}7snfO{ @)%(.@.!) df cGTo ul/ @)%(.@.!# af6 k'gM ;+s6sfnsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/of] .

ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhg}lts kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|];leqsf] cfGtl/s snx / ljjfbsf] hl/ofaf6 k|wfgdGqLn] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z u/L cfJxfg ul/Psf] ;+;bsf] jfO;f{} clwj]zgdf k|:t't ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw a9fpg] af/]sf] k|:tfj pk/ k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{;"rL cg';f/ 5nkmn g} gu/fO{ cfÎgf] k|:tfj ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg x'g g;Sg] cg'dfg u/L k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwsf/If]qnfO{ 5nL k|ltlglw ;ef g} lj36g ug{] sfo{ :j]R5frf/L / ;+;bLo  k|hftflGqs d"No / dfGotfsf] k|lts"n  5 . ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLsf] kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] lgb{]zgn] sfg"gL dfGotf g} k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] / >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f k|:t't k|:tfjn] ;bgdf k|j]z kfPkl5 dfq} sfg"gL x}l;ot k|fKt x'g ;Sg]df ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;bLo dfGotf Pj+ ;+;bLo ;jf{]Rrtf sfod ug{, hg k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf k|lt ;Ddfg / e/f];f ug{'kg{]df ;f] gu/L :j]R5frf/L / lg/+s'z ag]/ /fli6«o lxt clxtsf] ;d]t Vofn} gu/L cfÎgf] JolQmut clei6 k"/f u/fpg  ;+;b lj36g u/fpg' ePsf] 5 . ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;ef leqsf] cf}krfl/s 5nkmn kl5 dtbfg 9f+rf / kl/0ffd kl5 ;+;baf6 x'g] ;xof]u c;xof]usf] cfwf/df cfk"mn] /flhgfdf lbg] nufotsf pknJw ljleGg ljsNkx? /f]Hg ;Sg]df To;f] gu/L :j]R5frf/L / b'/fzok"0f{ ?kdf lj36gsf] l;kmf/z ug{' ePsf] 5 .

ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLaf6 k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ;+s6sfn nfu" eO/x]s} cj:yfdf ePsf] 5 . ;+s6sfn / k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g k|hftflGqs d'n'sdf Ps};fy x'g ;Sb}g . ;+s6sfndf k|hftGqsf dd{;Fu ;Da4 df}lns xsx? lgnDagdf k/]sf x'G5g\ . o;}n] To;sf] lgoGq0f ug{ hg k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf hLljt /xg' cfjZos x'G5 . zflGtk"0f{, lgle{s, :jR5 / lgikIf lgjf{rgsf] nflu blno cfwf/df cfÎgf] gLlt / sfo{qmd dtbftfx?sf ljrdf nfg], cfÎgf] cleJolQm JoQm ug{] jftfj/0f x'g' kb{5 . ;+s6sfndf dxTjk"0f{ df}lns xsx? lgnDagdf /xg] x'gfn] To:tf] jftfj/0f x'+b}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z cg';f/ ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff nfu' /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{ a9fpg ;lsg] :ki6 Joj:yf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn k'/f klg gePsf] / ;+s6sfn hf/L /lx/x]sf] cj:yfdf xfd|f] ;+ljwfgn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] sNkgf;Dd klg u/]sf] 5}g . a]nfotdf k|yd / låtLo ljZjo'4sf] ;dodf ;+;bsf j}7sx? sfg"gåf/f nDJofOPsf lyP . o;}n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-!_ cGtu{t ;+s6sfn nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf ul/Psf] ;+;b lj36g ;+ljwfg, ;+;bLo Joj:yf tyf ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] k/Dk/f ljkl/t 5 .

;+;b lj36g ug{] clwsf/ slx+ klg :jR5Gb, dgf]ut / /fi6«sf cgk]lIft ;j} 36gfx?nfO{ gh/ cGbfh u/]/ k|of]u ug{ ldNb}g . ;+;b lj36g ubf{ ;+ljwfg / ;+;bLo Joj:yfn] cjnDag u/]sf] lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ngsf] l;4fGtnfO{ k|efjlxg agfpg gldNg] ePsf]n] a]nfotdf o:tf] clwsf/ k|wfgdGqL PSn}n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf gu/L To;df /fhfsf] dGh"/L lng kg{] / clwsf/sf] ulDe/ b'?kof]u u/L lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z u/]sf]df /fhfn] To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z j:t'lgi7 Pj+ cf}lrTo k"0f{ cfwf/n] ug{' kg{], s'g} cGo sf/0faf6 clek|]l/t eP/ ug{ gx'g] eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] o; cl3sf d'2fx?df :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 t/ ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLn] cfÎgf] l;kmfl/zsf] ;d'lrt sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ug{' ePsf] 5}g . k|wfgdGqLsf] gLlt of]hgf, k|:tfj jf sfo{qmd k|ltlglw ;efn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf  5}g . cfkm"n] btf{ u/fPsf] ;+s6sfn ;DaGwL k|:tfj cfÎgf] kf6L{af6 lkmtf{ lng lgb{]zg lbPsf] dfq sf/0fn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/g' cf}lrTo k"0f{ dfGg ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-@_ / -%_ cGtu{t ;+s6sfnsf] Dofb a9fpg] jf ga9fpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg ;Sg] lgsfo s]jn k|ltlglw ;ef dfq xf] . ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLn] Tof] ;jf{]Rr hgpQ/bfoL ;+:yfk|ltsf] cfÎgf] pQ/bfloTj 5NgnfO{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug'{ ePsf] :ki6 b]lvPsfn] ;f] sfo{ ;+ljwfgsf] dd{ / efjgf cg's"n 5}g .

k|ltlglw ;ef l56f] l56f] lj36gn] ljs[t / e2f /fhgLltn] k|>o kfO/x]sf] / To;n] /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ ;d]t k|efljt ub{5 . lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhg}lts b[li6sf]0fn] ;d]t cg'ko'Qm 5 . if8oGqd"ns lqmofsnfk / ;Qf?9 kf6L{ leqsf] s';L{sf] l5gfemk6L Pj+ u'6 pku'6sf] sf/0fn] hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt ;fj{ef}d ;+;bnfO{ lj36g ug{ ldNb}g . ;+;bLo sfd sf/jfxLdf ;bgleq j:t'ut ?kdf s'g} dte]b k|s6 gePsf] cj:yfdf cfÎgf] bnleqsf] ljjfb ;'Nemfpg g;s] cfkm"n] kbTofu ug{ ;Sg] ;d]tsf j}slNks pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug{ ;Sg]df ;f] gu/L lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] 5 . b]zdf czflGt / ljifd kl/l:ylt 5 . lgoldt ?kdf x'g'kg{] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg ;d]t x'g;s]sf] 5}g . zflGtk"0f{, lgle{s, :jR5 / lgikIf lgjf{rg u/fpg] bfloTj ePsf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn] b]zdf ljBdfg czflGt / c;'/Iffsf sf/0fn] lgjf{rg u/fpg ;Sg] cj:yf g/x]sf] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 ;xL 9+un] lgle{s, :jR5 Pj+ lgikIf tj/af6 hgk|ltlglw lgjf{rg ug{] dtflwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{] gful/sx?sf] xsdf ;d]t cf3ft k'Ug uPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z cg';f/ cl3Nnf] clwj]zgsf] ;dflKtaf6 ^ dlxgfleq  csf{] clwj]zg z'? x'g ;Sg] cj:yf ;d]t 5}g .

ctM ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLåf/f c;+j}wflgs ?kdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g / dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf]  ldlt tf]Sgsf nflu ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z/ ;f] af6 lgl>t kl/0ffdn] d'n'sdf ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 pTkGg ePsf]n] To:tf] ;+s6af6 arfpg, ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ j:t'lgi7 sf/0f / cfwf/ j]u/ lj36g x'gaf6 arfpg / o'4 / czflGtsf] sf/0f tx;gx; eO/x]sf] /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ lgjf{rgaf6 cem a9L tx; gx; x'gaf6 arfpg b]zdf ljBdfg ;+s6 k|ltlglw ;efaf6} ;dfwfg ug{ ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLsf] ldlt @)%(.@.* sf] k|f/DetM c;Da}wflgs Pj+ q'6Lk"0f{ l;kmfl/z / ;f] cfwf/df ePsf] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxL pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ k"j{jt sfod u/L k|ltlglw ;efsf] jfO;f}+ clwj]zg oyfjt ;+rfng ug{' elg ljkIfLx?sf] gfpFdf hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpF .

lgj]bs clwjQmf w'|a sf]O/fnfsf] lgj]bg Joxf]/f M

;Djt\ @)%^ ;fndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% -#_ adf]lhd o;sf] sfo{sfn % jif{sf] x'G5 . ;f]xL wf/fsf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z cg';f/ ;+s6sfnLg l:yltdf P]gåf/f ! jif{ sfo{sfn a9fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . ldlt @)%*.*.!! b]lv ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-!_ adf]lhd g]kfn clw/fHoe/ nfu' x'g] u/L hf/L ul/Psf] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cfb]z ;+;bsf] PsfO;f}+ clwj]zgaf6 cg'df]bg eO{ ldlt @)%(.@.!) ;Dd nfu" /x]sf] 5 . ;f] Dofb ;dfKt gx'+b} wf/f !!%-%_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efaf6 kfl/t ePdf dfq ;+s6sfn csf{] ^ dlxgf a9fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf wf/f !!%-%_ df 5 . ldlt @)%(.@.# df cNk;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ldlt @)%(.@.( sf lbg ;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ul/of] . ;f]xL lbg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ adf]lhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] Dofb a9fpg ;+;b ;lrjfnodf k|:tfj btf{ ul/of] . ;f] ljifodf k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhg}lts bn g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ :kli6s/0f ;d]t ;f]w]sfn] cfj]zdf cfO{ k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm" ;Qfdf l6ls/xg] b'/fzoaf6 k|]l/t eO{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] b'?kof]u u/L hgk|ltlglwsf] ;+:yf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu l;kmfl/z u/L gof+ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu @)%(.&.@& ut]sf] ltly tf]Sg] sfd ;d]t eof] . To;/L lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ubf{ / lgjf{rgsf] ltly tf]Sbf @)%!, @)%@ tyf @)%% ;fndf h:tf] wf/f #% -@_ cg';f/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf kfng ul/Pg . @)%(.@.!) sf] k|wfgdGqLsf] jQmJodf ;+;b lj36g ug{' k/]sf] k|d"v sf/0f cfkm\g} kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] c;xof]u eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To:tf] cfwf/df g]kfnL sf+u|]; afx]s cGo kf6L{sf ;d]t hgk|ltlglw ePsf] ;+:yfnfO{ lj36g ug{ ldNb]}g .

gof+ k|ltlglw ;efsf] nflu lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg >L % df l;kmfl/z ug{] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-@_ / %#-$_ n] k|wfgdGqL PSn}nfO{ lbPsf] 5}g . o; cl3 @)%!,  @)%@ / @)%% ;fndf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ l;kmfl/z ubf{ dlGqkl/ifbsf] ;d]t lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] . clxn] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5}g . k|wfgdGqLn] ljz]if sf/0f k/]sf] bzf{p+b} cfkm}n] cNk;"rgfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] cfJxfg ug{ l;kmfl/z r9fO{ ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw a9fpg k|:tfj ;d]t btf{ u/fPsf]df ;f] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;efdf 5nkmn gu/fO{ k|ltlglw ;ef g} lj36g ug{ l;kmfl/z u/L gof+ lgjf{rgsf] ltly tf]Sbf  b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt v/fj ePsf]n] :jR5 / lgikIf ?kdf r'gfj x'g ;Sg] g;Sg] tkm{ ;d]t Wofg lbOPsf] 5}g . ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff eO/x]sf] l:yltdf gful/ssf df}lns xs lgnlDat x'g] eO{ :jR5 / lgikIf lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] g} ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ df k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{;Ddsf] nflu a9fpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]  5 . To:t} ;+ljwfgdf ;+s6sfn klg k|ltlglw ;efsf] cg'df]bg ePdf a9Ldf ! jif{ ;Dd dfq nufpg ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . oL b'j} Joj:yfn] ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] dxTj / cfjZostfnfO{ cem a9L dxTj lbPsf] b]lvG5 .

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ cg';f/ ;+;bsf] Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf{] clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf jLrsf] cjwL 5 dlxgf eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . ;+;bsf] PsfO;f}+ clwj]zg @)%(.!.$ df ;dfKt ePsf]n] gof+ lgjf{rg kl5 a:g] clwj]zg 5 dlxgf eGbf kl5 x'g] ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] ;f] Joj:yf ;d]t lgiq[mo ePsf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ c;xof]u gu/]sf], jxfFsf] gLlt sfo{qmd, k|:tfj tyf ah]6 c:jLsf/ gu/]sf] cj:yfdf cGt/kf6L{ snxsf] sf/0f ;jf{]Rr k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf lj36g ug{] clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 5}g . zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt v/fj ePsf] / b]zdf nfu" /x]sf] ;+s6sfnsf] sf/0fn] :yfgLo r'gfj ;d]t ;dodf x'g g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] gof+ r'gfj tf]lsPsf] ldltdf Ps} k6s ;DkGg x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5}g . b]zsf] cfly{s cj:yf, ef}uf]lns cj:yf, v]tLjfnL leq\ofpg] df};d, dfcf]jfbL ultljlwsf] k|efj cflbsf] sf/0fn] klg  b]zn] dWofjlw r'gfj wfGg ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"g ljkl/t ;+;b lj36g u/fpg] sfo{ c;n lgotn] u/]sf] geO{ r'gfj ;dodf g} ;DkGg geP klg lg/Gt/ ;Qfdf jl;/xg] v/fa lgotn] u/]sf] :ki6 ePsf]n] ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLsf] ldlt @)%(.@.* sf] l;kmfl/z / ;f] cfwf/df ePsf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ;d]tsf sfd sf/jfxL ab/ u/L cfJxfg eO;s]sf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] jfO;f}+ clwj]zg ;+ljwfg tyf k|ltlglw ;ef lgodfjnL cg';f/ ;+rfng ug{' elg ljkIfLx?sf] gfpFdf k/dfb]z nufot pko'Qm cf1f cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpF .

lgj]bs z+s/ k|;fb kf08]o ;d]tsf] lgj]bg Joxf]/f M

xfdL lgj]bsx? @)%^ ;fndf ;DkGg k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] pDd]bjf/ agL lgjf{lrt ePsf k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:ox? xf}+ . xfdL lgjf{lrt ePsf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f $%-#_ adf]lhd @)^! ;fn ;Dd lyof] . b]zdf ;+s6sfn nfu" eO/x]sf]n] cem Ps jif{ nlDag ;Sg] cj:yf ;d]t lyof] . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-!_ adf]lhd ldlt @)%*.*.!! b]lv g]kfn clw/fHoe/ nfu" x'g] u/L hf/L ePsf] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cfb]z k|ltlglw ;efaf6 cg'df]bg eO{ ldlt@)%(.@.!) ;Dd nfu" ePsf] lyof] . ldlt @)%(.@.# ut] ;+;bsf] jfO;f}+ clwj]zg, @)%(.@.( df cfJxfg ul/of] . ;f]xL lbg ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ ad]flhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] Dofb ^ dlxgf a9fpg ;+;b ;lrjfnodf k|:tfj btf{ u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ljifodf xfd|f] bn g]kfnL sf+u|];n] :kli6s/0f ;d]t dfu]sf]n] ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLn] cfj]zdf cfO{ ab\lgot Pj+ b'/fzoo'Qm efjgf lnO{ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/sf] 3f]/ b'?kof]u ub{} dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o gu/fO{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-@_ / %#-$_ ljkl/t ;fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtfsf] hgk|ltlglw ;+:yf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ / gof+ k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu ldlt @)%(.&.@& sf lbg lgjf{rg x'g] ltly ;d]t tf]Sg l;kmfl/z ug{' eof] . gof+ k|ltlglw ;efsf] nflu lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg >L % df l;kmfl/zhfx]/ ug{] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-@_ / %#-$_ n] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ dfq lbPsf] 5}g . To;}n] @)%!, @)%@ / @)%% df To:tf] clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ;lxt k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . wf/f %#-$_ df k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/zdf >L % af6 ug{ ;lsaS;g] 5 eGg] pNn]v ePsf] / o; cl3 :yflkt ;+;bLo k/Dk/f cg';f/ To:tf] l;kmfl/;sf ;DaGwdf >L % af6 kof{Kt k/fdz{ lng] ul/Psf]df o; k6s To:tf] k/fdz{ lng] sfo{sf jf/]df >L % nfO{ hfx]/ u/fpg] sfo{ ;d]t ePg . ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfsf] x}l;otn] ldlt @)%(.@.* ut] a]n'sL af]nfpg' ePsf] ;+;bLo bnsf] j}7sdf ;+af]wg ubf{ jxfF cfqmf]lzt / cfj]zdf x'g' x'GYof] . jxfFn] To; j}7sdf ;+s6sfnsf] k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf cfkm"nfO{ c;xof]u ePdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] s'/fsf] ;+s]t ;d]t lbg' ePg . jxfFs} dlGqd08nsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;d]t yfxf glbO{ x7ft\ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ug{' eof] / cfZro{hgs ?kdf dWo/fqLdf g} k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g x'g k'Uof] .

b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf sltko df}lns xs clwsf/ lgnDagdf /xg] x'gfn] zfGtdo jftfj/0fdf :jR5 / wfFwnL/lxt lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ n] To:tf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{;Ddsf] nflu a9fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To:t} ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff hf/L /xg] cjlw klg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% n] Ps jif{ g} sfod u/]sf]n] pQm b'j} Joj:yfsf] af/]df ;d'lrt JofVof ul/g' cfjZos 5 . ;+s6sfn hf/L eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf c;xh, c;'/lIft / czfGtdo jftfj/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg gldNg] kl/sNkgf ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf]df ;f] ljkl/t x'g] u/L k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{' / gof+ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg' b'/fzoo'Qm 5 . ljkIfL lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d"v cfo'Qmn] lgjf{rg ;xh 5}g, >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg u/fpg zflGt;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg ;s]sf] 5}g eGg] cleJolQm ;fj{hlgs ug'{ ePsf]n] cfufdL sflt{s dlxgfdf r'gfj x'g ;Dej 5}g .

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf ;+;bsf] Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf{] clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf] aLrsf] cjlw ^ dlxgf eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g elgPsf] 5 . ;+;bsf] PSsfO;f}+ clwj]zg @)%(.!.$ df cGTo ePsf]n] cfufdL lgjf{rg kl5 a:g] ;+;b clwj]zg j:bf ;f] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] pNn+3g x'g hfg] :ki6 5 . ;DdfggLo  k|wfgdGqLn] @)%(.@.!) df lbg' ePsf] jStJodf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ldlt @)%(.@.* sf] lg0f{o cfÎgf] nflu jfws ePsf] pNn]v ug{' ePsf] 5 . ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL cjnDag ug{] s'g} klg /fi6«df k|wfgdGqLn] cfÎgf] kf6L{df pTkGg ePsf] ljjfbnfO{ sf/0f / cfwf/ agfO{ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d ;+;bnfO{ lj36g ug{] l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] kfOb}g . xfdLx?n] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLåf/f k|:t't u/]sf] s'g} klg gLlt tyf sfo{qmd jf s'g} of]hgf c;kmn agfPsf] 5}g . ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo"n] btf{ u/fpg' ePsf] k|:tfjdf k|ltlglw ;efdf 5nkmn g} gu/fOPsf]n] k|ltlglw ;ef h:tf] ;fj{ef}d lgsfon] c;xof]u jf cj/f]w u/]sf] eGg gldNg] x'Fbf cfÎgf] kf6L{;Fusf] dte]bsf] ljifonfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ ;+ljwfgtM u7Lt k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ lj36g ug{] l;kmfl/zug{ ldNb}g . o;}n] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ;+ljwfg / ;+;bLo dof{bf ljkl/t 5 . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& lnlvt ;+ljwfg ePsf] / o;n] sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0fnfO{ ;fsf/ ug{] nIo lnPsf] 5 . cfÎg} dlGqkl/ifb\sf ;b:ox?;Fu k/fdz{ gu/L cfÎg} ;+;bLo bnnfO{ ;d]t j]jf:tf u/L cfkm"nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] bnsf] lgb{]zgsf] ;d]t cj1f u/L :jdgf]jfl~5t tl/sfaf6 cfkm}n] cfJxfg ug{ l;kmfl/z u/]sf] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/fpg l;kmfl/z r9fpg] :j]R5frf/L clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lbPsf] 5}g . ;+s6sfnsf] Dofb a9fpg' kg{] ljz]if sf/0f k/L cNk ;"rgfdf cfJxfg ul/Psf] clwj]zg k|f/De x'g gkfpFb} lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z u/L ;+;b lj36g ePkl5 k'gM ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ug{] sfo{ ePsf]n] ;+;b lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z c;+j}wflgs u}/ sfg"gL, jblgotk"0f{, b'/fzoo'Qm / :j]R5frf/L ;d]t 5 .

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo"n] gof+ k|ltlglw ;efsf] nflu cfufdL sflt{s @& ut] ul/g] lgjf{rg cnu cnu ldltdf u/fpg] ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm lbg' ePsf] 5 . o:tf] dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf] ldlt >L % af6 tf]lsaS;g] ePsf]n] ;f] lgjf{rg tf]lsPsf] ldltdf g} ug{' kg{] jfWofTds sfg"gL Joj:yf k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @$-@_ df ul/Psf] 5 . dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf] ldlt lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfk'm v'zL cnu cnu ldltdf u/fpg ;Sg] sfg"gL Joj:yf 5+b} 5}g . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ l;kmfl/zr9fp+bf /fi6«sf] lxtnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] 5}g . xTof lx+;fn] ubf{ b]zsf] cfly{s l:ylt Psbd} gfh's 5 . ljsf; vr{ s6f}tL u/L ;'/Iff tkm{ vr{ ul/Psf] 5 . b]zdf ;+s6sfn nfu" /x]sf]n] r'gfj u/fpg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . P;=Pn=;L=k/LIffsf] s]Gb| ;b/ d'sfddf dfq /fVg ;lsPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo r'gfj u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . ;a} lhNnfdf hgu0fgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?sf] xTof, lx+;f, cft+s / ljWj+zn] zfGtL ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt cToGt v/fj 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf :jR5 :jtGq / lgikIf r'gfj x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf r'gfj x'g g;s]df ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 pTkGg x'G5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn b'O{ jif{ afFsL /x]sf] / Tolta]nf;Dd pNn]lvt ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] x'gfn] Tolta]nf lgjf{rg u/fpFbf clxn]sf] h:tf] u+le/ ;d:of kg{ ;Sb}g .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;+;bLo bndf xfd|f] ax'dt 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] k"j{ k|wfgdGqLn] cfÎgf] bnsf] jx'dt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ >L % df l;kmfl/z r9fp+bf cfkm\g} bnsf] cGo s'g} k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o k|wfgdGqL aGg ;sf];\ eg]/ cfÎgf] /flhgfdf ;lxt k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] l;kmfl/zr9fpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] csf{] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] jf cGo ljsNksf] vf]hL ug{] ljifodf k/fdz{ lnO{ ljsNk gb]lvPkl5 dfq ;+;b lj36g ePsf] lyof] . ;+;bLo bndf jx'dt ePsf]n] ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL afx]ssf cGo ;b:on] g]t[Tj lbg ;S5 . jxfFnfO{ x6fP/ csf{] JolQm ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tf lgjf{lrt ug{ ;Sg] xfd|f] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ s'07Lt u/L xtf/ xtf/ dfgl;s tgfj / cfj]zdf cfO{ b'/fzoo'Qm / jblgot lrtfO{ cfk'm w]/} sfn;Dd sfd rnfp ;/sf/sf] k|wfgdGqL aGg] clenfiff /fvL k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z ;d]tsf sfd sf/jfxL pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ k'glh{ljt u/fO{ ;+ljwfg cg';f/ ;dy{ / ;Ifd 3f]if0ff u/L k|ltlglw ;efsf] jfO;f}+ clwj]zg cfJxfg ul/P cg';f/ sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ u/fpg k/dfb]z nufotsf cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L ;+j}wflgs xssf] k|rng u/fO{ kfpF .

l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsx?n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] j}wtfsf] ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^ sf] pkwf/f -!_, wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntåf/f k|ltkfbg ePsf] l;4fGt Pj+ cGo ;Da4 ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfx?sf] ;d'lrt JofVof eO{ ljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f x'g' kg{] elg lhls/ lnPsf] x'gfn] ;f] ;DaGwdf ePsf ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfx?sf] ;d'lrt JofVof e} o; cbfntaf6 ljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f x'g' kg{] b]lvG5 . ctM o; ;DaGwdf lgj]bsx?sf] dfu adf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g gkg{] s'g} sf/0f eP ;f] sf/0f ;lxt dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no dfkm{t lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' elg ljkIfLx?nfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{ To;sf] af]wfy{ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodf k7fO{ lbg', l/6 lgj]bgdf s]xL ulDe/ Pj+ hl6n ;+j}wflgs k|Zgx?sf] lg/f]k0f x'g' kg{] b]lvPsf]n] lgj]bg ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu O{hnf; ;dIf k]z x'Fbf cfÎgf] /fo k|:t't ug{ rfxg] a9Ldf % hgf;Dd jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmfx?nfO{ pkl:yt u/fO{ lbg ;jf{]Rr cbfnt jf/ Pzf]l;PzgnfO{ n]lv k7fpg', l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf k|Zgx?sf] lg/f]k0f oyf;+ej rfF8f] x'g' pko'Qm ePsf]n] of] lgj]bgnfO{ cu|flwsf/ lbO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( cg';f/ oxL @)%( ;fn c;f/ % ut]sf lbg ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu Ohnf; ;dIf k]z ug{' tyf l/6 lgj]bgdf lnlvt ax; k]z ug{ rfxg] sfg"g Joj;foLx?n] cfÎgf] jx; of] lgj]bg ;'g'jfO{sf nflu Ohnf; ;dIf k]z x'g' eGbf cufj} k]z u/L ;Sg' kg{] s'/f ;DalGwt sfg'g Joj;foLx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;jf{]Rr cbfnt jf/ Pzf]l;PzgnfO{ ;"lrt ug{' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 l/6 g+= #%$@ sf] l/6 lgj]bgdf ldlt @)%(.@.!# df ePsf] cfb]z .

o;df ldlt @)%(.#.# leq ljkIfLx?af6 lnlvt hjfkm dufO{ l/6 g+= #%$@ sf] l/6 lgj]bg;Fu Ps} ;fy /fvL ldlt @)%(.#.% sf lbg Ohnf; ;dIf k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] l/6 g+= #%*), #%*! / #%*$ sf l/6 lgj]bgdf Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ldlt @)%(.@.@# df ePsf] cfb]z .

ljkIfL ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLsf] lnlvt hjfkm M

sfg"g Joj;foLx? k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:o klg gePsf] / s'g} /fhg}lts bn;Fu ;DjlGwt klg gePsf]n] lghx?nfO{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] ljifodf l/6 lgj]bg ug]{ xs b}of x'g ;Sb}g . d]/f] lj?4df nufOPsf b'/fzo, ab\lgot / :j]R5frfl/tf ;d]tsf cfwf/xLg nf~5gfx? d k"0f{tM c:jLsf/ ub{5' . d}n] ;+ljwfgsf] cIf/;M cg';/0f ub{} ;+ljwfg / /fi6«sf k|lt cfÎgf] lgi7fk"0f{ st{Jo kfng u/]sf] 5', ;+ljwfgn] jlh{t u/]sf] s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] 5}g .

lgj]bsx?sf] dfubfjL adf]lhdsf] s'g} cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g eGg] d]/f] d'Vo k|ltjfb 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% sf] pkwf/f -#_ n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] pkNnf] xbdfq lgwf{l/t u/]sf] / To;sf] cufj} lj36gsf] Go"gtd cjlw gtf]lsPsf]n] # jif{df g} To;sf] lj36g x'g ;St}g eGg] lgj]bsx?sf] lhls/ ;+ljwfg;Ddt 5}g . k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn k'/f x'g' cufj} lj36gsf] nflu >L % df l;kmfl/z u/L lgjf{rgåf/f tfhf sfof{b]z lng;Sg] :yflkt clwsf/ @)%! ;fnsf] xl/k|;fb g]kfn lgj]bs ePsf] lj36g ;DaGwL d'2fdf 3f]lift ePsf]n] To; eGbf 7"nf] ;+Vofsf] s'g} csf{] Ohnf;af6 k|lts"n lg0f{o geP;Dd Tof] g} lg/Gt/tf k|fKt cflwsfl/s glh/sf] ?kdf sfod 5 .

k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqLn] l;kmfl/z ug{] s'g} zt{ aGb]h ;+ljwfgn] g/fv]sf] s'/f pQm k|fjwfgsf] ;xh / ;d'lrt JofVofåf/f :jtM :ki6 5 . pQm l;kmfl/;sf] cf}lrTosf] pko'Qmtf / ljj]szLntf k|wfgdGqLn] >L % sf ;dIf l;4 ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLaf6 ;+ljwfgn] lglb{i6 gu/]sf JolQm jf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] /fo jf ;Nnfx lng}k5{ elg afWo ug{ ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ adf]lhdsf] l;kmfl/z k|wfgdGqLn] wf/f #%-@_ cGtu{tsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] x}l;otdf ug{] x'gfn] To; s'/fdf dlGqkl/ifb\ jf ;+;bLo bn ;d]tsf] lg0f{o x'g' kg{] xf]Og eGg] s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 . lgj]bsx?n] k|wfgdGqLn] lj36gsf] nflu l;kmfl/z u/]sf]df >L % af6 ljleGg JolQmx?;Fu k/fdz+{ ug{] ul/aS;]sf] ljutsf] k|rng pNn]v ug{' ePsf] xsdf ;+ljwfgsf] :ki6 k|fjwfgnfO{ k|rngn] pl5Gg ;Sg] sbflk xf]Og . ;+ljwfg nfu' ePsf] k|f/lDes sfndf / To;sf Joj:yfx?sf k|lt wf/0ffx? :ki6 eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf s]xL /fhgLlts ;Gbe{ a'‰g kg{] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ePsf sfd sf/jfOx?n] ;+ljwfgsf] :ki6 k|ls|of lgnlDat / cGof]ndf kfg{ ldNg] xf]Og . >L % df o; ;+ljwfg ad]flhd dlGqkl/ifb\ jf cGo s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] s'g} ;Nnfx jf l;kmfl/z r9fPsf] 5 jf 5}g jf s] s:tf] ;Nnfx jf l;kmfl/z r9fPsf] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf s'g} klg cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg kfOg] 5}g eGg] sfo{sfl/0fL ljz]ifflwsf/sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-^_ n] u/]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/z adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ >L % / k|wfgdGqLsf lardf ePsf ;Dk"0f{, ;Djfb / lg0f{o k|lqmof ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-^_ åf/f ;'/lIft 5 . To; ljifosf cfklQhgs cfnf]rgfTds l6sfl6Kk0fL ePsf] lgj]bg Goflos dfkb08 adf]lhd lg?k0f / lg0f{o x'g ;Qm}g .

;+;b lj36gkl5 k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:otf ljkIfL lgj]bsx?sf] dfq ;dfKt ePsf] 5}g . ;f] kb d]/f] klg ;dfKt ePsf]n] d'n'ssf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfsf] dtbfgåf/f ;jf{]kl/ / clGtd km};nfsf] nflu d}n] cfk"mnfO{ klg ;'k'b{ u/]sf] cj:yfdf dtbfgåf/f x'g] hgtfsf] lg0f{o lz/f]k/ gu/L To;df ;s];Dd Jojwfg u/L hgdtsf] ;dy{g u'ld;s] klg ;fdfGotM k|fKt % jif{sf] cjlw e'Qmfg u/L ;Í6sfnsf] cQf] yfkL yk ! jif{ a9L cfÎgf] ;b:otf nDJofpg ;r]i6 ljkIfLx?n] dnfO{ g} kblnK;fsf] gfgfy/L nf~5gf nufpg' c;Ët lhls/ xf] .

lgj]bsx?n] Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf{] clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf larsf] cjlw ^ dlxgf eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g eGg] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds Joj:yf tkm{ klg lhls/ k|:t't ug{' ePsf] 5 . t/ k|ltlglw ;ef g} lj36g eO{ lgjf{rg ug{' k/]sf] cj:yf ckjfbsf] xf] eGg] s'/f ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f   -$_ n] g} :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{rg ug{' kg{] ckjfbsf] l:ylt ^ dlxgf;Dd sfod /xg] pQm wf/f %#-$_ sf] k|fjwfg;Fu To;}sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] ;dGjofTds JofVofsf] k|Zg @)%@ ;fnsf] lj36gsf] d'2fdf ;dfwfg eO;s]sf] 5 . Ps clwj]zgkl5 csf{] clwj]zgsf] aLrdf g} lgjf{rg x'g] l:ylt >[hgf ePsf]n] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] ldltb]lv ^ dlxgf;Ddsf] lgjf{rgsf] cjlwleq k|ltlglw ;ef a:g' kg{] ljkIfLx?sf] wf/0ff ;+ljwfg;Ddt 5}g .

b]zdf ;+s6sflng l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rg x'g ;St}g eGg] lgj]bsx?sf] lhls/ klg ;+ljwfg;Ddt 5}g . To; 3f]if0ffåf/f lgnlDat ul/Psf k|fjwfgx?sf cltl/Qm cGo k|fjwfgx? :jtM lgnlDat x'g] xf]Og . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% sf] pkwf/f -#_ jfWofTds xf]Og, j}slNks xf] eGg] s'/f To;sf] agf}6n] g} :ki6 ub{5 . ;+s6sfnsf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu To;n] afwf lbPsf] xf]Og ;bgsf] cfo' yKg ;Sg] j}slNks clwsf/dfq lbOPsf] xf] .

lgj]bsn] d'n'sdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg ubf{ nfUg] vr{ / zflGt ;'/Iffdf kg{] ulDe/  vt/ftkm{ klg lhls/ lng' ePsf] 5, hf] Goflos lg?k0f / lg0f{osf] ljifo aGg ;Dej 5}g . lgjf{rgsf] nflu nfUg] vr{, To;sf] nflu >f]t ;dy{gsf s'/fx?sf ;fy} lx+;f, cftÍ / c;'/IffnfO{ lgoGq0f u/L lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{] ofjt k|zf;lgs / sfo{sfl/0fL If]qsf ljifodf l/6 If]qåf/f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L Goflos dfkb08 :yflkt ug{ sbflk ;Dej / jf~5gLo klg 5}g . @)%^ ;fnsf] lgjf{rg klg zflGt ;'/Iff c;fwf/0f tj/n] cJojl:yt ePsf] jvt pNn]vgLo tj/n] ;DkGg eO;s]sf] kl/k|]Iodf lgjf{lrt ePsf lgj]bsx? k'gM cfÎgf] nf]slk|otfsf] kl/If0fdf cu|;/ x'g g;Sg] s'g} dgfl;j sf/0f
5}g .

k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu cfÎgf] bn jf ;+;bLo bn;Fu k/fdz{ ug{'kg{] jf lg0f{o lng'kg{] lhls/x? /fhgLlts cf}lrTosf s'/fx? x'g\ hf] oyfzSo / oyfcj;/ eP gePsf] ljifo o; cbfntsf] Goflos lg/f]k0fdf kg{ ;St}g . h'g sfo{ sfg"gn] ug{ lgb{]lzt jf jfWo ug{ ;St}g, To; s'/fnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt ug{' /fhgLlts k|rf/jfhLsf] nflu pko'Qm eP tfklg cbfntsf] ul/df cg'?ksf] sbflk x'g g;Sg] s'/fdf a9L ljj]rgf cfjZos 5}g .

k|ltlglw ;efdf ax'dt k|fKt bnsf] g]tf g} k|wfgdGqL x'g] / To; k|wfgdGqLn] ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L tj/n] sfd ug{ cfkm\g} ;+;bLo bnsf ;fy} lj/f]wL bnx?nfO{ klg ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs cg'zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L tj/n] nfu' ug{sf] nflu g} k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] xf] eGg] s'/f @)%! ;fnsf] lj36g ;DaGwL d'2fdf :yflkt l;4fGtn] ;d]t :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . lj36gsf] nflu l;kmfl/zug{;Sg] o; clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ k|wfgdGqLn] klg r'gfj ;DkGg u/L ^ dlxgf leq} cfk'm k'gM lgjf{lrt x'g'kg{] x'gfn] o; ;+j}wflgs k4ltnfO{ lglj{Wg k|of]u x'g lbPdf clwgfos agL s'g} JolQm cgGtsfn;Dd ;Qfdf /xg} ;St}g eGg] :ki6 ;f]rsf] cefjdf g} ljkIfLx? d'2f ug{ cl3 ;g{' ePsf] xf] . t;y{ lgj]bsx?sf ;Dk"0f{ dfubfjL / lhls/x? c:jLsf/ ub{} k|ltjfb :j?k d}n] k|:t't u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkm ;d]tsf] cfwf/df l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfpF .

ljkIfL dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm M

o:t} ljifo ;dfj]z ePsf] l/6 lgj]bs xl/k|;fb g]kfn lj?4 >L % sf] ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno ;d]t ePsf] ;Djt\ @)%! ;fnsf] l/6 g+= @#)$ df ePsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ jx'dt k|fKt ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm k|wfg dGqLn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/ ;+;b lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ug{ ;Sg] l;4fGt sfod ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #! df >L % af6 ul/aS;]sf] s'g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g eGg] / wf/f #% sf] pkwf/f -^_ df >L % ;dIf k]z ul/Psf] l;kmfl/zsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg gkfpg] Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z k|wfgdGqLn] wf/f #% sf] pkwf/f -@_ cGtu{tsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] x}l;otdf ug{] x'gfn] To; ljifodf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cfjZos 5}g . ;+s6sfn nfu' ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ug{ g;Sg] u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ df s'g} k"j{zt{ /flvPsf] 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] :jtGq wf/fdf ePsf k|fjwfgnfO{ s[lqd k"j{zt{ agfP/ ;+s'rg ug{ ldNb}g . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f $% sf] pkwf/f -#_ df æ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cufj} lj36g ePdf afx]s k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn kf+r jif{sf] x'g]5Æ eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf]n] ;f] wf/f $% sf]  pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef cufj} lj36g jf e+u ePdf afx]s ;f] ;efsf] sfo{sfn kf+r jif{ x'g] ;fdfGo k|fjwfg xf] . To;}n] sfo{sfn k"/f gx'+b} k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g x'g ;Sb}g elg ljkIfLn] lng' ePsf] lhls/ ts{lxg 5 . ;fy} ;+s6sfn nfu' ePsf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rg ug{ ;Dej gx'g] cj:yf ePdf dfq k|ltlglw ;efsf] cjlw  P]gåf/f Ps jif{;Dd yk ug{ ;lsg] eGg] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] dg;fo xf] . ;+s6sfn nfu" ugf{;fy k|ltlglw ;efsf] Ps jif{ sfo{sfn a9fpg}  kg{] eGg] jfWofTds k|fjwfg xf]Og . lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn a9fpg' kg{] cfjZostf g} /xb}g . ;+ljwfgdf Jojl:yt oL j}slNks k|fjwfgnfO{ jfWofTds ?kn] nfu" ug{] k|fjwfg ;Demg' kg{] eGg] ljkIfLsf] lhls/ ts{ ;Fut 5}g .

;+ljwfgn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ h'g;'s} ;dodf klg ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg hgtf ;dIf hfg clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . zlQm k[ySsLs/0fsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ To:tf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf d"Nof+sg x'g ;St}g . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;DaGwL ljifo k"0f{ ?kdf /fhg}lts ljifo xf] . To:tf] /fhg}lts sf/0fsf] cf}lrTo jf kof{Kttfsf] ;DaGwdf cbfntaf6 lg/f]k0f x'g ;St}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-!_ adf]lhd ax'dt k|fKt g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfsf] ?kdf k|wfgdGqL z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfsf] g]t[Tjdf dlGqd08nsf] u7g ePsf]n] ;+;bLo bnn] jxfFk|lt ;dy{g u/];Dd j}sNkLs ;/sf/sf] ;+efjgf 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{' cufl8 ax'dt k|fKt bnsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddlt lng' kg{] h:tf s'g} klg k"j{zt{sf] pNn]v 5}g . s'g kl/l:ylt / cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug{] xf] eGg] s'/f k|wfgdGqLsf] :jljj]sLo clwsf/ xf] lgjf{rgåf/f gofF k|ltlglw ;efsf] u7g ug{ kfpg] hgtfdf cGt/lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] l;4fGtsf] ljkl/t lj36g eO;s]sf] k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ oyfjt sfod /fvL kfpF eGg] lhsL/ k|of]hgxLg ePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/ kfpF .

ljkIfL ;efd'v tyf pk;efd'vsf] Ps} Joxf]/fsf] 5'§f 5'§} lnlvt hjfkm M

k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] s'g} e"ldsf x'+b}g . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] ljifo ;+j}wflgs k|Zg ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] ljifo ePsf]n] of] /fhg}lts k|Zg xf]Og . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;DaGwL ;+j}wflgstfsf] k|Zgdf ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] Goflos lg/f]k0f ug{ ;S5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ cGtu{tsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/ c+s'z/lxt clwsf/  xf]Og . ;f] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ;+ljwfg;Ddt ?kdf x'g' kb{5 . ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf pNn]lvt cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf / ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf ;j{sfnLg l;4fGtsf cfwf/df dfq ;f] clwsf/ k|of]u x'g ;Sb5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;bgdf k|:t't dxTjk"0f{ ljw]os kfl/t x'g g;s]df, jflif{s ah]6 kfl/t x'g g;s]df jf k|ltlglw ;efn] l:y/ ;/sf/ lbg g;Sg] ePdf dfq tfhf hgfb]z lng k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] k/Dk/f /xL cfPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf nflu l;kmfl/z ubf{sf] cj:yfdf pNn]lvt s'g} cj:yf ljBdfg lyPg . k|ltlglw ;efsf] PSsfO;f}+ clwj]zgn] ;/sf/nfO{ k"/f ;xof]u / ;dy{g u/L cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+zfTds sfo{ -lgoGq0f tyf ;hfo_ ljw]os, @)%*, ;d]tsf ;/sf/L ljw]os kfl/t u/fpgsf ;fy} ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cfb]z ;d]t cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLsf] gLlt / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} cj/f]w u/]sf] lyPg . >L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ adf]lhd jfO;f} clwj]zg @)%(.@.( df cfJxfg ul/aS;]sf] lyof] . clwj]zg cfJxfg ul/P kl5 ldlt @)%(.@.# df g} ;+;b ;lrjfnodf k|wfgdGqLn] ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw nDAofpg k|:tfj btf{ ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{ Joj:yf ;ldltn] ;f] k|:tfjdf 5nkmnsf] lbg / ;do ;d]t tf]ls;s]sf] lyof] . k|ltlglw ;efdf ;f] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn x'g j}7s a:g' cl3 g} ldlt @)%(.@.* df lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ul/ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g x'g k'Uof] . k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhg}lts bn g]kfnL  sf+u|];n] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] Dofb a9fpg] k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng lgb{]zg ;d]t lbPsf] sf/0fnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ ;+;b lj36g ug{ ldNb}g . cfÎgf] bnnfO{ cfÎgf] sfo{qmddf ;xdt u/fpg ;lsg eg]/ jf bndf cfGtl/s dte]b eof] eg]/ s'g} sf/s g} gag]sf] hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ubf{ ;+ljwfgn] c+lusf/ u/]sf] ;+;bLo k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLsf] :j:y cEof;sf] k/Dk/f a:b}g .

k|hftGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ cfd gful/snfO{ lge{otfk"j{s lgjf{rgsf] k|ls|ofdf ;xefuL x'g] pko'Qm jftfj/0f cfjZos x'G5 . eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf :jtGq / lg:kIf lgjf{rg x'g ;S5 . ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf hgtfsf df}lns xsx? lgnlDat x'g] x'Fbf ;fdfGotM lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f x'g ;Sb}g eg]/ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf Ps  jif{df ga9\g] u/L P]gåf/f k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn a9fpg ;lsg] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgf, wf/f !!@ wf/f $%-#_, wf/f %#-$_ / wf/f !!% sf] JofVof ul/g' cfjZos  5 .

k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lbg'sf] k|of]hg k|ltlglw ;efsf]  clwsf/nfO{ k|efjxLg agfpg jf pQ/bfoL zf;g Joj:yfsf] dd{nfO{ lg/fwf/ ug{ xf]Og . hgk|ltlglwx?sf] :jLs[lt glnO{ s/sf] b/df kl/jt{g ug{ / hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/ vr{ ug{ ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f && df jflif{s ah]6 ;+;bsf] ;+o'Qm clwj]zgdf k]z ug{' kg{] ls6fgL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . To;} k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ul/Psf]df clwj]zg g} ga;L k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L cWofb]z dfkm{t ;j{;+lrt sf]ifaf6 /sd ljlgof]lht ug{] s/sf] b/df kl/jt{g ug{] / ;+lrt sf]ifdfly Joo ef/ x'g] u/L C0f lng] cjf~5gLo / c;+;bLo k/Dk/f ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] unt / :jfy{ cg's"nsf] k|of]un] ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf / dfGotf g} ;dfKt x'G5 . ;+ljwfg ;Ddt / cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0faf6 dfq k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g x'g] :j:y cEof; x'g' kb{5 .

;+;b ;lrjfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm M

k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zg af]nfpg], cGTo ug{] tyf ;efnfO{ sfo{ lbg] clwsf/ sfo{sfl/0fLdf /xG5 . To:t} ;efsf] lj36g klg ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/zdf >L % af6 x'g] xf] . ;+;b ;lrjfnosf] To;df s'g} lsl;dsf] e"ldsf jf sfo{ut ;+nUgtf g} x'+b}g .  ;+;bsf] sfd sf/jfO{ ;+rfng ug{ ;lrjfnosf] x}l;otn] cfjZos ;]jf k|bfg ug{] ;lrjfnonfO{ ljkIfL agfpg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'+b}g . k|ltlglw ;ef cfkm} lj36g x'g] xf]O{g . sfo{sfl/0fLaf6 lj36g u/fOg] x'Fbf g t k|ltlglw ;efsf] To;df s'g} e"ldsf x'G5  g t ;lrjfnosf] g} . ctM ;+;b ;lrjfnosf] gfddf k|:t't l/6 hf/L x'g' kg{] xf]Og .

lgjf{rg cfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm M

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !)$ df lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] 5 . ;f]xL wf/fsf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;+ljwfg, / cGo sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL ;+;b tyf :yflgo lgsfox?sf] lgjf{rgsf] ;~rfng, ;d]tsf sfo{x? ug{] lhDd]jf/L o; cof]unfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @$ df Joj:yf eP adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePkl5 k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] :yfg k"lt{sf] nflu lgjf{rg 3f]if0ff ug{], >L % af6 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $@-$_ adf]lhd  k|ltlglw ;ef e+u ul/aS;L csf{] lgjf{rg u/fpg cfb]z hf/L ul/aS;]df jf wf/f %#-$_ adf]lhd >L % af6 k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/aS;L lgjf{rg x'g] ldlt tf]lsaS;]df k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:osf] k"lt{ ug{ lgjf{rg u/fpg] ;d]tsf] sfg"gL bfloTj lgjf{rg cfof]usf] xf] . >L % af6 wf/f %#-$_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef ldlt @)%(.@.* ut] lj36g ul/aS;L cfufdL sflt{s @& ut] lgjf{rg x'g] ldlt ;d]t tf]lsaS;]sf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rg cfof]u k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:ox?sf] :yfg k"lt{ ug{ lgjf{rgsf] nflu h'l6;s]sf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] ldltdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fpg' kg{] lhDd]jf/L cfÎgf] sf+wdf cfO;s]kl5 ;f] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfkm\gf cfGtl/s sfo{x?nfO{ cuf8L a9fO{ ;s]sf] 5 . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'[QmHo"af6 lgjf{rg ;xh 5}g eGg] h:tf s'g} cleJoQmL JoQm g} gePsf]df skf]nslNkt, em'¶f s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ t'NofO{ l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ ul/Psf] 5 .

k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -!_ n] dtbfg x'g] ldlt / ;do tf]ls ;"rgf hf/L ug{;Sg] / pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Ps jf PseGbf a9L lgjf{rg If]qdf ;b:osf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu dtbfg ug{ Pp6} jf cnu cnu ldlt tf]Sg ;Sg] Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5  . To;/L cnu cnu ldltdf ePsf] lgjf{rg Ps}  k6s ePsf] dflgg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]t 5 . ;fy} r/0fa4 lgjf{rg ug{] 3f]if0ff c;+j}wflgs 5 egL bfo/ ePsf] ;Dat\ @)%% ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #&&$ sf] ;DaGwdf ;Ddflgt cbfntsf] Ps GofofwLzsf] O{hnf;af6 b'O{ r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg] sfo{ sfg"g ;Fut 5 eGg] cfb]z ldlt @)%%.!!.@^ df e};s]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] l/6 vf/]h ePsf] ;d]taf6 b'O{ r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg jfwf gkg{] elg l;4fGt k|ltkfbg eP cg'?k ut @)%^ ;fndf ePsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rgdf b'O{ ldltdf r/0fj4 ?kdf dtbfgsf] ldlt tf]lsO lgjf{rg ;d]t e} ;s]sf] 5 . dWofjlwdf ul/g] lgjf{rg klg cfd lgjf{rgsf] ?k ePsf]n] ;d]t cnu cnu ldltdf u/fpg sfg"gn] s'g} aGb]h nufPsf] kfOb}g . o;y{ k'gM ldlt / ;do tf]Sg ;+ljwfg tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd jfwf kg{] b]lvb}g . k|:t't ljifodf lgjf{rg cfof]un] xfn;Dd lg0f{o u/L g;s]sf] x'Fbf o; leq k|j]z ug{' / o; ;DaGwL lg0f{o lng' ;d]t jf~5gLo b]lvb}g, l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfpF .

lgj]bs clwjQmf Zofd s'df/ vqL ;d]tsf tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf >L w|'jnfn >]i7, >L dfwj s'df/ j:g]t tyf >L pk]Gb| gGbg ltldlN;gfn] l/6 lgj]bg lhls/sf] ;dy{g ub}}{ k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] ax; tyf jx; gf]6df lgDg lnlvt jx; lhls/ k|:t't ug{' ePsf] 5 M– g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ n] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ clgolGqt Pj+ lgz{t?kdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g . k|wfgdGqL k|ltlglw ;ef k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g' kg{] pQ/bfoL zf;g Joj:yf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|hftGq h:tf ;+ljwfgn] cjnDag u/]sf d"ne"t cjwf/0ffnfO{ gh/cGbfh u/]/ wf/f %#-$_ sf] k|of]u ug{ ldNb}g . k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLsf] gLlt sfo{qmd ah]6 h:tf s'g} s'/fdf lj/f]w ghgfPsf]n] ljgf cfwf/ / sf/0f k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ldNb}g . lj36gsf] sf/0f k|wfgdGqL cfkm}n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]df cbfntn] To:tf] sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;Ddt 5 5}g eg]/ x]g{ ;S5 . k|ltlglw ;efdf wf/f !!%-%_ adf]lhd ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw a9fpg] ;DAfGwL k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ug{ k|:tfj btf{ ul/Psf]df ;f] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn g} gu/fO{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ul/Psf] sfo{ b'/fozk"0f{ / ;+ljwfg ljkl/t ;d]t 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ n] ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf]df k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{ a9\g ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf]n] ;+s6sfn nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ldNb}g . b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iff g/fd|f] ePsf] / ;+s6sfn nfu' eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd lj36Lt k|ltlglw ;ef k'g:yf{kgf x'g k5{ .

lgj]bs lrq axfb'/ s]=;L ;d]tsf tkm{af6 ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf >L l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]n tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L gj/fh ;'j]bL / >L r08]Zj/ >]i7n] lgj]bg lhls/sf] ;dy{g ub}} k]z ug{' ePsf] cfÎgf] jx;df lgDg lnlvt ts{ /fVg' ePsf] 5 M– ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-$_ cg';f/ k|wfgdGqL / ;a} dGqLx? k|ltlglw ;ef k|lt pQ/bfoL x'G5g\ . k|ltlglw ;ef ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf xf] . To:tf] k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ plrt cfwf/ / sf/0f lagf lj36g ug{ ldNb]}g . lj36g ug{ ul/Psf] l;kmfl/zsf] :jR5tf, o'lQmo'Qmtf / cf}lRfTosf] jf/]df cbfntn] larf/ ug{ ;S5 . cNk;"rgfsf] cfwf/df af]nfOPsf] ;+;b clwj]zgdf k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;efdf 5nkmn ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw nDJofpg] jf/]sf] k|:tfj btf{ u/fpg' ePsf] / ;f] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{;"rLdf kl/;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;+3f/df g} g6]sL k|ltlglw ;ef g} lj36g u/L k'gM ;+s6sfn nufpg] sfo{ b'/fzoo'Qm 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] cfÎgf] bnleqsf] cfGtl/s ljjfbsf] sf/0f k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{' k/]sf] egL sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ug{' ePsf] 5 . To:tf] sf/0fsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ldNb}g . k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLsf] gLlt sfo{qmd, k|:tfj, ah]6 jf ;/sf/L ljw]os s'g} klg s'/f c;kmn u/fPsf] 5}g . k|wfgdGqLsf] nflu ;+;b jfws gag]sf] cj:yfdf cfk\mg} bnsf] lgb{]zg cfÎgf] nflu jfws aGof] elg ljleGg bnsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{' ;+ljwfg ;Ddt 5}g . k|ltlglw ;efsf] c;fdlos / l56f]l56f] lgjf{rgn] k|hftGq g} vt/fdf k5{ . ;+s6sfndf gful/ssf k|hftflGqs clw/sf/x? lgnlDat x'g] ePsf]n] lgikIf, :jtGq / :jR5 lgjf{rg x'g ;St}g . o;}n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ n] ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Psjif{ a9fpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf nfu" ePsf] ;dodf ;/sf/ dfly lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ngsf] nflu klg k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ lhljt /fVg' kb{5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% cg';f/ ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff tLg dlxgf ;Dd dfq sfo{sfl/0fLsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ nfu' x'g ;S5 . To;kl5 To; ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxL ;+;bsf] clwsf/ If]q leq kb{5 . ;+;bsf] ;xdtL lagf To; ;DaGwL s'g} sfo{ x'g ;Qm}g . ;+s6sfn lj:tf/sf] nflu k|:tfj ;d]t k]z ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf To;df 5nkmn / lg0f{o g} gu/fO{ Tolx ljifonfO{ sf/0f agfP/ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/Psf]n] o;af6 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ sf] :ki6tM pNn+3g ePsf] 5 . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ffsf] Dofb ;+;baf6 dfq a9fpg ;lsg]df To; ;DaGwdf ;+;bnfO{ 5Ng] p2]Zon] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] k|of]u x'g ;St}g . wf/f %# -$_ cg';f/sf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ;Qfsf] lvrftfgL / /fhg}lts dxTjfsf+Iff / k|ltzf]wsf] /fhgLltsf] nflu k|of]u ug{' :ki6tM ;+ljwfg, ;+;bLo k|hftGq / sfg"gL /fHosf] l;4fGt ljkl/t ePsf]n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxL ab/ u/L k|ltlglw ;efsf] j}7s k"j{ lgwf{l/t sfo{qmd cg';f/ oyfjt ;+rfng ug{ k/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g' kb{5 .

lgj]bs clwjQmf w|'j sf]O/fnfsf tkm{af6 lgj]bs :jo+ tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L b]j]Gb|nfn g]kfnL, 8f=>L tf/f k|;fb ;fksf]6f, >L ldlyn]z s'df/ l;+x / >L s]zj /fh kf08]n] jx; tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L w'|j sf]O/fnf, 8f= >L tf/f k|;fb ;fksf]6f tyf >L ldlyn]z s'df/ l;+xn] ax; gf]6 ;d]t k]z ug'{ eof] . ljåfg clwjQmfx?n] l/6 lgj]bgsf] cf}lrTosf jf/]df k|sfz kfb{} b]xfosf ts{x? k|:t't ug{' ePsf] 5 M– k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] ljifo ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf]n] To:tf] ljifodf l/6 lgj]bg ug{ ;Sg] xsb}of hf] ;'s]}nfO{ x'g ;Sg] elg l;4fGt k|ltkfbg eO;s]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ;+j}wflgs 5 5}g eGg] ljifodf cbfntn] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;S5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_sf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ k|wfgdGqLn] ;+ljwfgåf/f lgwf{l/t ljleGg bfloTjaf6 klG5g ldNb}g . o;}n] of] k|wfgdGqLsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ xf]Og . ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf k|wfgdGqLo k2lt cjnDag ul/Psf] eGg] pNn]v 5}g . wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sbf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o x'g' k5{ . PSnf] k|wfgdGqLn] /fli6«o ;xdtL lagf ;Dk"0f{ /fhg}lts bn, hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ lgjf{rgdf n}hfg ;St}g . ;+ljwfgn] cjnDag u/]sf] pQ/bfoL k|hftflGqs zf;g Joj:yf ljkl/t x'g] u/L k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g x'g ;St}g . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] cfwf/ / sf/0f ;+ljwfg;Ddt x'g' k5{ . k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ cj/f]w gu/]sf]df kf6L{  leqsf] ljjfbsf] sf/0fn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{' ;+ljwfg;Ddt x'+b}g . of] cfkm\g} kf6L{sf k|ltåGbLnfO{ tx nufpg] clwsf/ xf]Og . ;+ljwfgåf/f Jojl:yt ljleGg k|fjwfgx? lgiq[mo x'g] u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ldNb}g . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% sf] ljleGg pkwf/fdf Joj:yf ul/Psf ;+s6sfnsf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;ef jf /fli6«o;efaf6 cg'df]bg Pj+ lj:tf/ ug{' kg{] Joj:yfx? k'/f gu/L k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{' ;+ljwfg;Ddt x'+b]}g . ;+s6sfndf ;/sf/af6 clwsf/ b'?kof]u eP gePsf] hf+Rg] lgsfo g} k|ltlglw ;ef ePsf]n] To;sf] lgu/fgL ug{ g} ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{ yk ug{ ;Sg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf :jR5 / :jtGq lgjf{rg x'g ;Qm}g .  ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%  -%_ adf]lhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cjlw a9fpg] k|:tfj ;+;bdf btf{ eO;s]sf]df ;f] k|:tfj 5nkmn g} gu/fO{ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{] sfo{ b'/fZfoo'Qm ;d]t ePsf]n] pQm sfo{ ab/ u/L k|ltlglw ;ef k'g:yf{lkt ul/g' kb{5 .

lgj]bs z+s/ k|;fb kf08]o ;d]tsf tkm{af6 ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx? >L s';'d >]i7 / >L d''sGb /]UdL tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L /fw]Zofd clwsf/L / >L xl/x/ bfxfnn] ax; tyf ax; gf]6 ;d]t k|:t't ug'{ eof] . lgj]bs tkm{af6} ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L /fd s'df/ >]i7 tyf >L lstL{ ljnf; kGtn] lnlvt ax; k]z ug'{ eof] . ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf tyf clwjQmfx?n] l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf lhls/x?sf] ;dy{g ub{} k|:t't ug{' ePsf] ax; tyf ax;gf]6df d"ntM lgDg lnlvt aF'bfx?df k|sfz kfg{' ePsf] 5 M– k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ;DaGwL ljifo ljz'4 /fhg}lts k|Zg -Purely Political Question_ xf]Og . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f **-@_ n] ;fj{hlgs ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf] ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL ljifodf cbfntn] Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;S5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf]df ;+/lIft ;+rf/ -Privileged Communication_ sf] bfjL lng ldNb}g eGg] ;DaGwdf /lj/fh e08f/Lsf] l/6 lgj]bgdf g} lg/f]k0f eO;s]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLHo"n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug{' k/]sf] sf/0f cfÎgf] jQmJo dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ug{' ePsf]n] jQmJodf pNn]lvt sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;Ddt 5 5}g egL cbfntn] ljj]rgf ug{ ;S5 . k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLsf] s'g} gLlt sfo{qmd, ah]6 jf k|:tfj c;kmn gu/]sf] cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLHo"n] kf6L{ / ;/sf/ aLr ;dGjo / ;Gt'ng ug{ g;sL pTkGg cfGtl/s ljjfbsf] sf/0f k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ldNb}g . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cjlw a9fpg] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;efdf k]z u/L lg0f{o u/fpg ljz]if kl/l:yltdf dfq cNk ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df af]nfpg ;lsg] clwj]zg cfJxfg u/L pQm k|:tfj btf{ ;d]t ul/;lsPsf]df cfÎgf] k|:tfj c;kmn x'g] cf;Gg k/fhosf] k"jf{g'dfg u/L ul/Psf] lj36g k"0f{tM b'/fzoo'Qm / sk6k"0f{ 5 . xl/k|;fb g]kfn ;d]tsf] / /lj/fh e08f/L ;d]tsf] l/6 lgj]bg tyf o; cbfntsf] @)%$ ;fnsf] /fodf ;d]t ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLsf] clgolGqt Pj+ zt{/lxt ljz]ifflwsf/ gePsf] :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& lnlvt ;+ljwfg ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-$_, wf/f $%-#_ / -$_, wf/f %#-!_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z, wf/f !!%-%_ / -^_ h:tf jfWofTds Joj:yf ljkl/t x'g] u/L k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug{' ;+ljwfg ljkl/t x'G5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/sf] clwsf/ klg cGo clwsf/ ;/x ljlw;Ddt ?kdf c;n lgotn] k|of]u u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 . k|wfgdGqL cfÎg} kf6L{leq cNkdtdf kl/;s]sf] cj:yfdf /flhgfdf ul/ j}slNks ;/sf/sf] dfu{ k|;:t ug{' kg{]df ;f] ;d]t cjnDag gu/L] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/zul/Psf] / >L % af6 j}slNks ;/sf/ aGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5 5}g egL x]g{ k/fdz{ lng ;lsaS;g] :yflkt k/Dk/fsf] jf/]df >L % nfO{ cjut g} gu/fO{ ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z ab\lgotk"0f{ 5 . wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z k|wfgdGqL PSn}n] ug{ ;Sg] ePtfklg lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfo{sf] nflu ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-@_ / o; cl3 :yflkt k/Dk/f ;d]tsf] cfwf/df dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{o cfjZos kg{]df dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o lagf g} gof+ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;+ljwfg / :yflkt k/Dk/f ljkl/t 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% ad]flhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf gful/sx?sf] cfwf/e"t k|hftflGqs clwsf/ lgnlDat x'g] / /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n] klg ;+ljwfg k|bQ /fhg}lts :jtGqtf lgjf{w ?kn] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f gePsf]n] lgjf{rg :jR5 / lgikIf ?kdf ;DkGg x'g ;St}g . ;+ljwfgn] ;+s6sfnsf] d"Nof+sg Pj+ ;'kl/j]If0f u/L ;/sf/dfly lgoGq0f ug{] bfloTj k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ tf]s]sf]n] ubf{ g} ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% -#_ n] ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{ yk ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ffsf] cjlw a9fpg] jf ga9fpg] ;DaGwL ljifo ;+;bsf] clwsf/ If]qsf] ljifo ePsf]n] ;+;bsf] clwsf/ If]q 5Ng] p2]Zon] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/Psf] sfo{ ;+ljwfg ljkl/t 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @$ -@_ cg';f/ wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/sf] lgjf{rg tf]lsPsf] ldltdf g} ;DkGg ug{' kg{] x'Fbf To:tf] lgjf{rg r/0fa4 ?kdf ug{ ldNb}g . b]zsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs  tyf /fhg}lts l:yltn] klg lgjf{rg ;xh ?kdf x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . ;+;bn] cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds sfo{ -lgoGq0f tyf ;hfo_ P]g, @)%* b'O{ jif{;Dd nfu" x'g] u/L kfl/t u/]sf], ;'/Iff lgsfon] klg dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ b'O{ jif{ nfUg ;Sg] atfPsf] tyf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn klg b'O{ jif{ af+sL g} /x]sf]n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] c;fdlos lj36gsf] cf}lrTo ;d]t k'li6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;}n] lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;ef k'glh{ljt u/fpg pTk|]if0f, k/dfb]z nufotsf] pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L x'g' k5{ .

       ljkIfL >L % sf] ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno ;d]tsf tkm{af6 ljåfg dxfGofoflwjQmf >L k|]d axfb'/ lji6, ljåfg gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf >L gGb axfb'/ ;'j]bL tyf ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmfx? >L g/]Gb| k|;fb kf7s, >L k'ik/fh sf]O/fnf / >L s]bf/ k|;fb kf}8]nn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/Psf] sfo{nfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] k|lt/IffTds ax; tyf ax;gf]6df d"ne't ?kdf lgDg a'Fbfdf k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] 5 M– k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g /fhg}lts sf/0fn] x'g ;S5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;f] wf/fdf jf cGo slx+ klg s'g} k'jf{j:yf, zt{ aGb]h, cfwf/ jf sf/0f tf]lsPsf] 5}g . ;f] s'/f xl/ k|;fb g]kfn ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf ;d]t :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-^_ df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36Lt ePsf] cj:yfdf /fli6«o ;efaf6 ;+s6sfnsf] cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf]n] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj3l6g x'g, lj36g ePsf] cjlwdf ;+s6sfn nfu" ug{ jf cjlw yk ug{ ;lsg] :ki6 5 . ;+ljwfgdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ kfpg] cfwf/ jf cj:yfsf ;DjGwdf s'g} ;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds ;"rL pNn]v gul/Psf]n] Goflos lg0f{oaf6 To:tf] ;"rL lgdf{0f ug{ ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ df k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn kf+r jif{ x'g} kg]{ / ;+s6sfndf Ps jif{ yk x'g} kg]{ jfWofTds Joj:yf u/]sf] dfGg ldNb}g . ;+s6sfnsf] cjlwdf wf/f $@-$_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef e+u ul/Pdf clgjfo{ ?kdf lgjf{rg x'g' kb{5 . ;+s6sfn hltj]nf klg nfu" x'g ;S5 . ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ gx'g] eGg] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg 5}g . c;xh, c;'ljwfhgs kl/l:ylt jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ;+s6sfndf lgjf{rg x'g ;Qm}g eGg] lhls/ cfwf/lxg 5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g /fhg}lts sf/0faf6 x'g ;S5 . To:tf /fhg}lts 36gfqmdx? / To;sf] cf}lrTotfsf] kl/If0f ug{ Goflos ?kdf kQf nufpg / Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] dfkb08 -Judicially Managable and Discoverable Standard) x'b}g . ;+ljwfgn] lgzt{ ?kdf k|of]u ug{ lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ul/ ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z cg';f/ ePsf] lj36gsf] cfwf/ / sf/0fx? ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-^_ cg';f/ klg Gofoof]Uo x'b}g . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gn] Nofpg] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf /fhg}lts c;/sf] cfwf/df cbfntn] wf/f %#-$_ sf] JofVof ug{ ldNb}g . sfo{sfl/0fLsf] OR5f cg';f/ cfJxfg / cGTo x'g] clwj]zg jf]nfOPsf] sf/0fn] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd lj36g ug{ /f]s nufPsf] 5}g . k|ltlglw ;ef g} e+u ul/Psf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g' kg]{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-$_ sf] Joj:yf pNn+3g eof] eGg ldNb}g . wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/ lj36gsf] l;kmfl/zug]{ clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLdf /x]sf] 5 . To:tf]df dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cfjZos kb}{g . lj36g / lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfo{ km/s km/s xf]Og tL b'j} sfo{ Ps} ;fy x'g' kg]{ ePsf]n] lgjf{rgsf] nflu ldlt tf]Sg] sfo{ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltaf6 x'g' kg]{ eGg] s'/f klg ;+ljwfg;Ddt 5}g . wf/f %#-$_ df Jojl:yt k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/z, ;f] l;kmfl/z adf]lhd >L % af6 lj36g ul/ jS;g' / gof+ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]ls jS;g' h:tf k|lqmofx? k'/f ePsf]n] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gdf k|lqmofut q'6L ePsf] 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ cg';f/ b'O{ clwj]zg aLrsf] cjlw ^ dlxgf eGbf j9L cGt/ x'g gx'g] eGg] Joj:yf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf nfu" x'b}g eGg] s'/f @)%@ ;fnsf] d'2fdf cNkdtsf] /fodf :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @$-@_ / @%-@_ sf] Joj:yfaf6 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhdsf] lj36g kl5 x'g] lgjf{rg r/0fj4 -Phasewise_ x'g ;S5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-!_ cg';f/ k|ltlglw ;efdf :ki6 ax'dt k|fKt k|wfgdGqLn] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/zu/]sf] / k|wfgdGqL lj?4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj gcfPsf]n] @)%@ ;fnsf] d'2fdf k|ltkflbt glh/ o; d'2fdf nfUg ;Qm}g . ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw j9fpg btf{ ul/Psf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhg}lts bnsf lg0f{o / sfd sf/jfxLaf6 kfl/t x'g g;Sg] b]lvPsf]n] b]z / hgtf k|ltsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/Psf] xf] . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug'{sf] k5fl8 s'g} b'/fzo jf jblgot 5}g . lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fPsf cGo /fhg}lts k|s[ltsf ljifodf cbfntn] ljrf/ ug{ ldNb}g .

       ljkIfL ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] tkm{af6 ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx? >L df]ltsflh :yflkt tyf >L u0f]z/fh zdf{n] l/6 lgj]bgsf] k|ltjfb ub}{ ax; tyf ax;gf]6 k|:t't ug{'[ eof] . ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L z]/axfb'/ s]=;L= tyf     >L ljgo :yflktn] lnlvt jx; k|:t't ug'{ eof] . jxfFx?n] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] ax; tyf jx;gf]6df d"VoM ?kdf lgDg lnlvt lhls/ lng' ePsf] 5 M– lgj]bsx?n] p7fpg' ePsf] ljjfbf:kb tYout s'/fx?df l/6 If]qaf6 Goflos lg/f]k0f ug{ ldNb}g . /fhg}lts gLlt / lqmofsnfkx?sf] cf}lrTodf cbfntn] s'g} Goflos dfkb08 k|of]u u/L lg0f{o ug{ ;Sb}g . xl/k|;fb g]kfn lgj]bs ePsf] d'2fdf k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/zdf >L % af6 ljj]s k|of]u ul/ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g x'g] jf gx'g] u/L ePsf] lg0f{odf cbfntn] 5fgjLg ug{ ldNb}g elgPsf] 5 . ;+;b lj36g ;DjGwL ljifodf ;dfj]z ePsf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s / zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Zgdf cbfntn] Goflos dfkb08 cjnDag u/L lg0f{o ug{ ;Dej 5}g . l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg'gL ljifo cbfntåf/f cufl8 g} lg/f]k0f eO ;s]sf] x'Fbf k6s k6s ltg} ljifodf cbfntn] yk ljrf/ u/L /xg' cfjZos 5}g . ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;Dk'0f{ /fhg}lts bnx? r'gfjL k|lqmofdf ;fd]n eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;fj{ef}d hgtfn] lg0f{o ug]{ ljifodf cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug{ ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zn] ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] eg]sf] 5}g . pQm Joj:yf clgjfo{ geO{ cNkfjlwsf] nflu ul/Psf] j}slNks Joj:yf xf] . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-^_ n] ;+s6sfndf klg k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g / lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePkl5 ;+s6sfn nfu' ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t tf]lsPs} ldltdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg ul/g' kb{5 . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug]{ clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLdf lglxt /xg] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgn] c+lusf/ u/]sf] a]nfotL ;+;bLo k|hftGq cyf{t West Minister Model sf] cfwf/e't ljz]iftf xf] . ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ;Qf?9 tyf ljkIfL bnnfO{ cg'zf;gdf /fvL l:y/ ;/sf/ ;+rfngsf] nflu ;+;b lj36g ug{ ;Sg] k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/ ckl/xfo{ dflgG5 . To:tf] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z cNkdt, jx'dt jf ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ h'g;'s} k|wfgdGqLn] plrt, cg'lrt jf ljgf s'g} cfwf/ / sf/0f klg ug{ ;S5 . /fhfn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/z :jLsf/ u/L lj36g ul/;s]kl5 To:tf] ljifodf cbfntn] Goflos 5fgljg u/L lg0f{o ug{ ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ df ef/t tyf kfls:tfgsf] ;+ljwfgdf h:tf] s'g} k'jf{j:yf / zt{x? g/fVg'sf] tfTko{ To; ;DjGwL ljifodf cbfntaf6 Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg u/fpg gvf]lhPsf] :ki6 5 . wf/f #%-@_ df æl;kmfl/zÆ /  æhfx]/Æ eGg] b'O{ k[ys k[ys zJbx? 5g\ . wf/f %#-$_ cGtu{tsf] sfo{ l;kmfl/;åf/f lqmofzLn x'g] x'gfn] To;df dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cfjZos 5}g . wf/f %#   -$_ df Jojl:yt lj36g / gof+ lgjf{rg b'j} sfo{x? Ps} ;fy x'g' kg]{ x'gfn] b'j} sfo{ k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df x'G5 . ;+ljwfgdf :ki6 Joj:yf ePsf]df k'/fgf] k|rngn] To;nfO{ lg/y{s kfg{ ;Qm}g . k|wfgdGqLn] >L % ;dIf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf nflu k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] cfwf/x?df >L % ;Gt'i6 eP/ ljj]s ;d]t k|of]u ul/jS;]sf] ljifodf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-^_ jdf]lhd ;d]t Goflos dfkb08 k|of]u u/L To:tf cfwf/x?df cbfntn] 5fgjLg ug{ ;Qm}g . /fhb/jf/sf] lj1lKtdf æljleGg sf/0fÆ b]vfO{ lj36gsf] l;kmfl/zePsf] eGg] pNn]v 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] /fi6«sf] gfddf lbg' ePsf] ;Gb]zdf pNn]lvt sf/0fx? g} lj36gsf sf/0fx? x'g\ egL dfGg ;lsGg . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z b'/fzoo'Qm ePsf] k'li6 ug]{ sfg"g ;Ddt cfwf/x? 5}g . wf/f %#-$_ cGtu{t k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ;lsg] ljz]if Joj:yfnfO{ ;+;bdf ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw a9fpg] k|:tfj btf{ ul/Psf] eGg] dfq cfwf/n] lj36g ab/ x'g ;Qm}g . ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw a9fpg] k|:tfj;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+s6sfn g} lgiq[mo eO ;s]sf]n] k'gM ;f] k|:tfj 5nkmn x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . o;}n] ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g] ;+j}wflgs xsnfO{ lg/y{s ug{ l/6 hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'
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       ljkIfL k|ltlglw ;efsf ;dfd"vsf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L o1d'lt{ aGhf8] /  >L nlnt axfb'/ j:g]tn] ug'{ ePsf] ax; tyf k]z ug'{ ePsf] ax;gf]6df d"n?kdf lgDg aF'bfdf k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] 5 M– k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;DjGwL ljifonfO{ /fhg}lts k|Zg egL To;df lglxt ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL k|Zgdf cbfntn] ljrf/ ug'{ x'b}g eGg ldNb}g . s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf ;dfj]z ePsf] ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg/f]k0f ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f **-@_ cg';f/ x'g ;S5 . k|wfgdGqLn] g} lj36gsf] cfwf/ / sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ug'{ ePsf]df cbfntn] tL sf/0fx? ;+ljwfg;Ddt 5 5}g x]g{ ;S5 . wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/ zt{jGb]h /lxt, clgolGqt, ljz]if clwsf/ xf]Og . ;+ljwfgn] cjnDag u/]sf] ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL Pj+ jx'bnLo k|hftGqsf ;j{sflng d"No dfGotf h:tf cfwf/e't ljz]iftf vnjlng] ul/ pQm clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ldNb}g . k|ltlglw ;ef k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g' kg]{ k|wfgdGqLn] ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw j9fpg] k|:tfj ;+;b ;lrjfnofdf btf{ ul/;s]kl5 k|ltlglw ;efdf pkl:yt g} geO{ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/Psf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-$_ sf] pNn+3g x'g uPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k|ltlglw ;efn] s'g} c;xof]u u/]sf] 5}g . cfkmgf] kf6L{sf] lg0f{on] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ c;xof]u u/]sf]df kf6L{ / ;/sf/ jLrsf] ljjfbsf] sf/0f k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ lj36g ug'{ ;+ljwfg;Ddt x'b}g . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g / gof+ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfo{ cnu cnu xf] . lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfo{ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 dfq x'g  ;S5 . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z cg';f/ k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{ yk ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgn] ;+s6sfnLg l:yltdf r'gfj x'g ;Sb}g eGg] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . wf/f !!%-!_ cg';f/ hf/L ePsf] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff k|ltlglw ;efaf6 cg'df]bg eP/ ^ dlxgf nfu' eO;s] kl5 To;sf] cjlw j9fpg] jf gj9fpg] ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ wf/f !!%-%_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ ePsf] / To; ;DjGwdf k|:tfj ;d]t btf{ eO;s]sf]df k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ lg0f{o ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg gu/L lj36g ul/Psf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ sf] jfWofTds Joj:yfsf] pNn+3g ePsf] 5 . b]zsf] cfly{s, /fhg}lts tyf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt ;d]t lgjf{rgsf] nflu pko'Qm gePsf]n] ;dodf lgjf{rg x'g g;s]df ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 cfpg] x'gfn] ;d]t k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ;+ljwfg;Ddt gx'Fbf lgj]bg dfu  adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L k|ltlglw ;ef k'g:yf{lkt ul/g' k5{ .

       o; cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ljåfg clwjQmfx? >L lqnf]rg ld>, >L d's'Gb k|;fb kf}8]n / >L wlg/fd ;fksf]6fn] lnlvt ax; k]z ug'{ eof] . cbfntsf] ;xof]uL -Amicus Curiae_ sf] ?kdf ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf >L df]xg s[i0f v/]nn] lgDg lnlvt Joxf]/fsf] /fo JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5M ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g >L % af6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df x'g] xf] . wf/f %#-$_ sf] bf]>f] jfSof+z cg';f/ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g eO{ gof+ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfo{ klg k|wfgdGqLs} l;kmfl/df x'g] xf] . To;sf] nflu dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cfjZos kb}{g . wf/f %#-$_ df pNn]lvt b'j} sfo{x? Ps} ;fy ;DkGg x'g' kg]{ sfo{ ePsf]n] tL b'O{nfO{ lje]b u/L lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cfjZos k5{ eGg] ts{ ubf{ ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 pTkGg x'G5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% cg';f/ ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g tyf lgjf{rg x'b}g eGg ldNb}g . wf/f %#-!_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf cfslif{t x'b}g . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug]{ l;kmfl/z u}/ ;+j}wflgs ?kdf ePsf] 5 eg] cbfntn] To;nfO{ /fhg}lts k|Zg -Political Question_ eg]/ klG5g ldNb}g . ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ;+;b lj36g ug{ ;Sg] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k|fKt lgoGq0fsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ /fhfn] ;fdfGotM c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xb}g . To;sf] lhDd]jf/L k|wfgdGqLdf g} /xg] x'Fbf >L % af6 ePsf] sfd sfjf{xLdf cgfjZos ljjfb p7fpg plrt x'b}g . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cjlw j9fpg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ cNk;"rgfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zg af]nfOPsf] / tT;DjGwL k|:tfj ;+;b ;lrjfnodf btf{ ;d]t ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L /fli6«o;efsf] j}7s ;d]t cGTo u/L tLg lbg kl5 k'gM ;+s6sfnsf] cj:yf 3f]if0ff hf/L ul/Psf]af6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/z:jR5 ?kdf ePsf] dfGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efsf] lg0f{oaf6 dfq ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cjlw j9fpg ;lsg]df ;f] k|fjwfgsf] kfng gu/L k'gM ;+s6sfn nfu' ug'{ :ki6tM ;+ljwfg ljkl/t x'G5 . o;}n] k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ u/]sf] l;kmfl/z jblgotk"0f{ 5 . 

cbfntsf] ;xfof]uLs} ?kdf jl/i7 clwjQmf >L bdg gfy 9'+ufgfn]  cfÎgf] /fodf    lgDg lnlvt ts{ /fVg' ePsf] 5 M k|ltlglw  ;ef lj36g ;DjGwL ljifonfO{ cbfntn] Gofoof]Uo -Justiciable_ ljifosf] ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] ljifodf lgj]bg ug]{ xsb}of ;j{ ;fwf/0f dtbftfnfO{ klg x'G5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] Joj:yf zt{ jGb]h /lxt Joj:yf jf k|wfgdGqLsf] clgolGqt ljz]ifflwsf/ xf]Og . lnlvt ;+ljwfgn] ;Lldt ;/sf/ -Limited Government_ sf] kl/sNkgf ug]{ x'Fbf ;+;bLo pQ/bfloTj, lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ngsf] l;4fGt, ;+ljwfgn] cjnDjg u/]sf cfwf/e't ckl/jt{gLo ;+/rgf ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ cTofjZos cj:yfdf dfq k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g x'g ;S5 . @)%@ ;fnsf] lj36g ;DjGwL km};nfaf6 k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;DjGwL k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/ s]xL ;Lldt ePsf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ;Sg] pQm ;Lldt clwsf/ ;+ljwfg ljkl/t k|of]u x'g} g;Sg] u/L cem lgiq[mo jgfOg' kb{5 . ;+s6sfndf k|hftflGqs xs clwsf/ lgnDjg ePsf] x'G5 . lgjf{rgdf To:tf xs clwsf/ cTolws dfqfdf k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ x'Fbf ;+s6sfndf lgjf{rg x'g ;Qm}g . ;+s6sfn Crisis of Nation ePsf]n] To;sf] ;fdgf Psh'6 eP/ ug'{ k5{ . To;}n] of] Time of  Unity xf] eg] lgjf{rg Time of Division xf] . To;}n] oL b'j} s'/f Ps;fy hfg ;Qm}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% ;lqmo ePkl5 To; cGt{utsf ;Dk"0f{ ;+j}wflgs bfloTj k"/f gu/L k|wfgdGqL pDsg ldNb}g . wf/f !!% cg';f/ ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff # dlxgf ;Dd dfq sfo{sfl/0fLsf] OR5fdf /xG5 . To;kl5 pQm 3f]if0ff k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwsf/ If]q leq k|j]z ub{5 . k|ltlglw ;efn] cg'df]bg u/L ;+s6sfn ^ dlxgfsf] nflu nfu' eO/x]sf] / ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw yk ug]{ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ p2]Zon] cNk;"rgf lbO clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg u/L pQm k|:tfj btf{ ;d]t ul/;lsPsf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef g} lj36g ug'{ :ki6 ?kdf ;+ljwfgsf] s7f]/ Joj:yfsf] pNn+3g ug'{ xf] . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% ;lqmo eO;s]kl5 To; cGt{utsf bfloTjx? k"/f gu/L k|wfgdGqLn] wf/f %#-$_ sf] k|of]u u/]/ wf/f !!% nfO{ lgiq[mo kfg{ ldNb}g . ;+s6sfndf gful/ssf d"ne"n df}lns clwsf/ tyf cbfntdf k|j]z ug]{ xs ;d]t lgnDjg x'g] x'gfn] ;+s6sfnsf] cg'udg u/L hgtfsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ lgsf; lbg] tyf ;/sf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;+ljwfgn] k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ ;'Dk]sf] 5 . o;}n] wf/f $%-#_ df ;+s6sfnLg 3f]if0ff nfu' ePsf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{ yk ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn j9fpg ;lsG5  elgPsf]df 36fpg ldN5 eGg] cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw j9fpg] jf gj9fpg] ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ dfq 5 . k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhg}lts bnx?n] ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw gj9fpg] lgisif{ lgsfnL ;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLn] wf/f !!%-%_ sf] jfWofTds ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ;d]t pNn+3g u/L k|ltlglw ;ef g} lj36g u/L k'gM ;+s6sfn nfu' ug'{ :ki6tM ;+ljwfgsf] cIf/ tyf efjgf -Letter and Spirit_ k|lts'n x'G5 . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff klxnf] / k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g kl5Nnf] lqmof ePsf]n] k|:t't ljjfbnfO{ ;+s6sfn;Fu ;DjlGwt u/]/ x]l/g' k5{ . ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw j9fpg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ cNk ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df cfJxfg ul/Psf] clwj]zg ljz]if clwj]zg ;/x g} xf] . To;/L clwj]zg jf]nfO{ pQm k|:tfj ;d]t btf{ u/fO;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efaf6 lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ k|:tfjdf 5nkmn tyf lg0f{o g} gu/fO{ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug'{ ;+ljwfg ljkl/t 5 . ;+s6sfn?kL ;'?ªaf6 ;lhn} kf/ kfpg g;Sg] :ki6 ePkl5 cfÎgf] kbnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g u/L ;f] k|:tfj /fli6«o ;efdf ;d]t k]z gu/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-!_ df kms{g] k|wfgdGqLsf] sfo{ jb\lgotk"0f{ 5 . l/6 lgj]bgdf ljkIfL jgfOPsf k|ltlglw ;efsf ;efd'vn] cfÎgf] lnlvt hjfkmdf ;d]t k|ltlglw ;efn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] / cfÎgf] sfo{ ug{ k|ltlglw ;ef lqmofzLn /x]sf] eGg] pNn]v ug'{ ePsf]n] ;f]xL cfwf/df ;d]t k|wfgdGqLaf6 ePsf] u}/ ;+j}wflgs l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ePsf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g jb/ u/L k|ltlglw ;ef k'glh{ljt ul/g' k5{ .

cbfntsf] ;xof]uL ljåfg clwjQmf >L ljZjsfGt d}gfnLn] lgDglnlvt Joxf]/fsf] /fo k|:t't ug'{{ ePsf] 5 M k|:t't lj36gsf] ljifoj:t' @)%! ;fnsf] lj36g;Fu x'jx' d]n vfg] x'gfn] xl/k|;fb g]kfn ;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bgdf ePsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] JofVof o;df klg cfslif{t x'G5 . k|wfgdGqLn] /fhg}lts sf/0f b]vfO{ lj36g ug]{ x'gfn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/z >L % af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 lj36gsf] sfo{ k"/f x'G5 . wf/f %#-$_ df s'g} k"j{zt{ pNn]v gul/Psfn] cbfntn] To;df k"j{zt{x? /fVg ldNb}g . /fhg}lts sf/0fsf] cf}lrTo jf kof{Kttfsf] If]q leq cbfntn] k|j]z ug{ ldNb}g . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] clwsf/ ljwflosfnfO{ lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ngfdf /fVg] pkfo xf] . wf/f %#-$_ df pNn]lvt k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g / gofF lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] sfo{ Ps} ;fy x'g' kg]{ x'Fbf b'j} sfo{ k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/zdf x'g' k5{ . To;sf] nflu dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{o cfjZos kb}{g . ;+s6sfn / k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g b'j} Joj:yf k|s[lt, cy{, :j?k, nIf0f / kl/0ffdaf6 ljNs'n} leGg Joj:yf x'g\ . ;+s6sfnsf] /fhg}lts k|ZgnfO{ wf/f %#-$_ ;Fu hf]8\g' JofVofsf] l;4fGt ljkl/t x'G5 . k|ltlglw ;efdf ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw a9fpg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ btf{ ul/Psf]df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] / ;f] k|:tfj :jtM /fli6«o ;efdf hfg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5}g . ;f] k|:tfj /fli6«o ;efdf k]z gu/L # lbg kl5 gof+ ;+s6sfn nfu' u/]sf]af6 ab\lgot k'li6 x'g ;Qm}g . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ul/Psf] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/z;+ljwfg;Ddt 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] /fo k|:t't ug'{  eof] .

       cbfntsf ;xof]uLsf ?kdf ljåfg clwjQmf >L ab|L axfb'/ sfsL{n] cfÎgf] /fodf lgDglnlvt ts{ /fVg' ePsf] 5 M k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] l;kmfl/zsf sf/0f / cfwf/x? ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLn] cfÎgf] jQmJoaf6 ;fj{hlgs ul/;Sg' ePsf] / lnlvt hjfkmdf ;d]t ;f] s'/fsf] v08g gePsf]n] lj36gsf] nflu ul/Psf] l;kmfl/zsf pQm cfwf/ / sf/0fx? cbfntn] ljj]rgf ug{ ;Qm5 . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cjlw j9fpg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ cNksfnLg ;'rgfsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zg af]nfOPsf] / pQm k|:tfj btf{ ;d]t ul/;s]sf] l:yltdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L /fli6«o ;efsf] clwj]zg klg ;dfkg u/fO{ k'gM ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ / -^_ adf]lhd ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{ ;+;bLo cg'df]bg 5Ng k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ul/Psf]n] o;nfO{ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/sf] hfn;fhL k'0f{ k|of]u -Fraud on Constitution_ dfGg' k5{ . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-!_ cGt{ut hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff # dlxgf dfq sfo{sfl/0fL thljh   -Exclusive Executive Control and Discretion_ df jxfn /xg ;S5 . To;kl5 pQm 3f]if0ff ;+;bsf] If]qflwsf/ leq k|j]z ug]{ x'gfn] k|ltlglw ;efdf /x]sf] lgzt{M clwsf/ / ljj]s k|of]u ug{ glbg] u/L ul/Psf] lj36gsf] k|s[lt @)%@ ;fnsf] lj36gsf] k|s[lt;Fu d]nvfg] x'gfn] ;f] km};nf ;d]tsf] cfwf/df c;+j}wflgs 5 . ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/ ;DjGwL Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] ljz]if Joj:yf xf] . of] /fHo :jo+sf] cfTd/Iffsf] clwsf/ - Right of Self Defence of the State_ xf] . o:tf] clwsf/ nfu' /x]sf] cj:yfdf cGo ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgsf] k|of]u u/L ljz]if Joj:yf jf clwsf/nfO{ lgis[o jgfpg ldNb}g . wf/f %#-#_ eGbf klg zlQmzfnL wf/f !!%-%_ lqmofzLn eO;s]sf] l:yltdf wf/f %#-$_ sf] k|of]u u/L pQm lqmofzLn Joj:yfnfO{ lg:s[o  agfpg ldNb}g . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff nfu' eO/x]sf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg k|bQ ljrf/ cleJolQm :jtGqtf ;d]tsf k|hftflGqs xsx? lgnDjgdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf :jR5, lgikIf Pj+ wF+fwnL/lxt lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /xb}g . k|:t't d'2fdf wf/f %#-$_ sf] JofVof ubf{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-!_, -#_, -%_ /    -!!_ sf] ;Gbe{df ul/g' k5{ . lgjf{rgdf hgdt ljefhg x'g] cj:yf ePsf] / ;+s6sfndf /fi6« Psh'6 x'g' kg]{ cj:yf ePsf]n] ;+s6sfndf lgjf{rg x'g ;Qm}g . ;+s6sfndf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-!_, -#_, -%_ / -*_ cg';f/ sfo{kflnsf dfly ;'Dk]sf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTj /fi6«sf] /Iffsf] nflu k|of]u ug{' kg]{df k|wfgdGqLn] cfÎgf] lghL :jfy{sf nflu wf/f %#-$_ sf] k|of]u ug'{ ePsf] :ki6 ePsf]n] k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] nflu r9fpg' ePsf] l;kmfl/zk|f/De b]lv g} lgliqmo 3f]lift u/L lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;ef k'g{:yflkt x'g'kb{5 .

cbfntsf] ;xof]uLs} ?kdf ljåfg clwjQmf >L k|]d axfb'/ v8\sfn] lgDglnlvt Joxf]/fsf] /fo k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] 5 M ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ df æ >L % af6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/zdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ;lsjS;g]5 . To;/L k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/aS;bf ^ dlxgf leq gof+ k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu lgjf{rg x'g] ldlt ;d]t tf]lsjS;g] 5 Æ eGg] Joj:yf 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug]{ / lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] b'j} sfo{ Ps} ;fy x'g'kg]{ sfo{ ePsf]n] To;sf] nflu dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{o cfjZos kb}{g . /fhb/jf/sf] lj1lKtdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf nflu k|wfgdGqLn] ljleGg sf/0f b]vfO{ l;kmfl/zr9fpg' ePsf] eGg] pNn]v  5 . ;f] l;kmfl/;sf ;DjGwdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%  -^_ cg';f/ cbfntn] ljrf/ ug{  ldNb}g . ;f] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df >L % af6 k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ul/;s]kl5 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #! cg';f/ cbfntn] 5fgjLg ug{ ldNb}g . k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf wf/f #^-!_ cg';f/sf] ax'dtsf] k|wfgdGqL x'g' ePsf] / lghsf] lj?4df cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj gcfPsf]n] /lj/fh e08f/Lsf] d'2f;Fu k|:t't d'2fsf] tYo d]n vf+b}g . k|wfgdGqLn] /fi6«sf gfddf lbg' ePsf] ;Gb]zdf pNn]lvt sf/0fnfO{ g} k|wfgdGqLn] >L % ;dIf ug'{ ePsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/ sf/0f dfGg ldNb}g . To:tf] sf/0fsf jf/]df cbfntn] Goflos ljj]rgf ;d]t ug{ ldNb}g . dlGqkl/ifbsf] rfxgf cg';f/ k|ltlglw ;efsf] cfJxfg ul/Psf]n] clwj]zg z'? x'g' cufj} lj36g ug{ gldNg] s'g} cfwf/ 5}g . ab\lgot / b'/fzosf s'/f :ki6 cfwf/ / sf/0faf6 k'li6 x'g'kg]{ x'Fbf s]jn b'/fzoo'Qm 5 eGg' dfq kof{Kt x'b}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% cg';f/ ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g x'g ;Sb}g eGg] :ki6 Joj:yf gul/Psf]n] ;+s6sfn / k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g Ps ;fy x'g ;Qm}g eGg] lhls/ ;d]t :jLsf/ of]Uo 5}g .

       cfh lg0f{o ;'gfpg tf]lsPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bg lhls/, lnlvt hjfkmsf ;fy} lgj]bs tyf ljkIfL tkm{sf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx?sf] ax; lhls/ tyf cbfntsf] ;xof]ufy{ pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf tyf clwjQmfx?sf] pNn]lvt /fo ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ k|:t't d'2fdf lgDg lnlvt k|Zgx?df lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ b]lvg cfPsf] 5 M

!= ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/zdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] sfo{nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] xs clwsf/ l/6 lgj]bsx?nfO{ 5, 5}g <

@= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %# -$_ k|of]u u/L ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLn] ug'{ ePsf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df ePsf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] ljifo /fhgLlts ljifo j:t' ;dfj]z ePsf] eGg] sf/0fn] Gofo of]Uo   -Justiciable_ dfGg ldN5,  ldNb}g <

#= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %# -$_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf nflu >L % df l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/ zzt{ xf] jf lgzt{  xf] <

$= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd >L % af6 gofF k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]ls aS;bf clgjfo{ ?kdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/z x'g' k5{, kb}{g <

%= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !!% jdf]lhd ;+s6sflng cj:yf nfu' e}/x]sf] l:yltdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug{ Pj+ k|ltlglw ;efsf] gofF lgjf{rg ;d]t x'g ;Sg] xf] xf]Og <

^= ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLaf6 @)%(.@.* df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z b'/fzoo'Qm 5, 5}g <

&= l/6 lgj]bsx?sf] dfu cg';f/sf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf], xf]Og <

!= ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] sfo{nfO{ r'gf}tL lbO{ o; cbfntdf /L6 lgj]bg lbg] clwsf/ lgj]bsx?nfO{ 5, 5}g eGg] ;DjGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ o; ;DjGwdf o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkfbLt k"j{ ghL/x? -l/=g+=@#)$.@)%!, l/=g+=#!)%.@)%@_sf cfwf/df ;d]t k|ltlglw ;ef hgtfsf] k|ltlglw lgsfo ePsf], k|ltlglw ;efsf] dfWodaf6 hgtfsf] xs lxtdf ljrf/ x'g] ePsf]n] hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g h:tf] s'/f hgtfsf] rf;f] /;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf]n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf] j}wtf kl/If0f u/fpg] xsb}of sfg"g Joj;foLx? tyf lj3l6t ;f+;b ;d]tsf lgj]bsx?nfO{ /x] ePs} b]lvG5 .

@= k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] ljifo Gofo of]Uo -Justiciable_ dfGg ldN5, ldNb}g eGg] bf]>f] k|Zgsf ;Gbe{df o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt k"j{ ghL/x? ;d]taf6 ;+ljwfg Pp6f /fhg}lts Pj+ sfg"gL lnvt klg ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg cGtu{tsf ljjfbx?df /fhg}lts k|Zgx?sf ;fy} ;+j}wflgs j}wtfsf k|Zgx? klg  ;dfj]z ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf k|Zgx?sf] lg?k0fsf nflu cbfntn] cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs lhDd]jf/LnfO{ kG5fpg ldNb}g . sfg"gL Pj+ ;+j}wflgs k|Zg jfx]ssf cGo /fhg}lts k|Zgx? -Political Question Doctrine_ lglxt ePsf] ljjfbsf] Goflos lg/f]k0f x'g ;Sb}g -Baker v. Carr 1962, 369 US 186_ eGg] l;4fGtsf] ljsf;åf/f cbfntn] s]jn ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL dfkb08 leqsf ljjfbx? -Judicialally manageable standard_ sf] dfq lg/f]k0f ub{5 . ;+ljwfg Pj+ sfg"gsf] JofVof ug]{ clGtd clwsf/Lsf] ?kdf ;+ljwfgn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . k|:t't d'2fdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-!_, wf/f %#-!_, wf/f %#-$_ / ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/ ;DjGwL wf/f !!% sf] ;d]t JofVof ug]{ k|Zgx? p7fOPsf]n] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;DjGwL ljifo k|:t't ;Gb{edf /fhg}lts ljjfb dfq geO{ ;+j}wflgs k|Zg klg lglxt ePsf] b]lv+bf cbfntsf] Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg s} ljifoleq kg{ cfPsf] dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 .

#= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf nflu >L % df l;kmfl/zug]{ k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/ ;zt{ xf] jf lgzt{ xf] eGg] t]>f] k|Zgsf] ;Gbe{df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ >L % ;dIf l;kmfl/z r9fpg] k|wfgdGqLsf] zt{ jGb]h ;lxtsf] lgolGqt clwsf/ xf] egL lgj]bs / lghsf tkm{sf ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf Pj+ clwjQmfx?n] lhls/ lng' ePsf] kfOG5 . k|To'Q/df g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %#-$_ df s'g} k"jf{j:yf jf zt{x? /x]sf 5}gg\, Tof] k|wfgdGqLsf] zt{ /lxt clwsf/ xf] eGg] lhls/ ;d]tsf] ;Gbe{df ljrf/ ubf{  g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] k|:tfjgfdf æ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnLÆ eGg] jfSof+zsf] k[i7e"dLdf j]nfotdf k|rlnt ;+;bLo k|0ffnL cGtu{t lglxt /x]sf l;åfGtnfO{ c+lusf/ u/L ef/tn] cfkm\gf] lnlvt ;+ljwfg th'{df ubf{ wf/f *% df ;+;bsf] clwj]zg, cGTo / lj36g -Sessions of Paraliament, Prorogation and Dissolution_ eGg] zLif{ssf] pkwf/f -!_ df ef/tsf /fi6«kltn] ;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf]nfpg], cGTo ug]{ / lj36g ug{ ;Sg]5, ;+;bsf] tNnf] ;bgsf] lj36g /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ub{5g, o;/L l;kmfl/z ubf{ k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm\gf d+qLx?;+u 5nkmn ug{ ;Sb5g, t/ dGqL kl/ifbdf n}hfg cfjZos x'+b}g -Dissolution of the House of the people takes place on the advice of the Prime Minister, who may discuss the matter within colleagues but need not take it to the cabinet. The Constitution of  India -  V. N. Shukla, 9 th edi; p. 364,_ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . To:t} j]nfotdf ;+;bsf] tNnf] ;bgsf] lj36g /fgLjf6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/z / ;Nnfxdf ul/G5, ;bgsf] lj36g slxn] ug]{ eGg] k|wfg d+qLsf] :jljj]sdf lge{/ /xG5 ( The Aiming of the dissolution of Parliament within the Prime Ministers discretion, and there is no requirement either in law or convention, that the Prime Minister submit his choice of date to the cabinet. Constitutional & Administrative Law – Hilaire Barnett, p. 257 . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ ;d]t ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL cg';f/ th'{df ePsf] eGg] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] JofVofTds l6Kk0fL / o; cbfntaf6 k"j{ d'2fx?df k|ltkflbt l;4fGtsf] cWoogaf6 ;d]t b]lvG5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ df  æ>L % jf6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmf/L;df k|ltlglw;efsf] lj36g ug{ ;lsjS;g]5" eGg] Joj:yf ePsf]df ;f] k|fjwfgdf dfq ;Lldt eO{ JofVof ubf{ To:df s'g} k"j{ zt{x? lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b]lvGg t/ clwjQmf >L /lj/fh e08f/L ;d]t ePsf] /L6 lgj]bg -l/=g++= #!)%.@)%@, lg0f{o ldlt @)%@.%.!@_ df k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ;d]tsf cfwf/df x]bf{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %# -#_ jdf]lhd cljZJff;sf] k|:tfj k]z ePsf] k|wfgdGqLn] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] l;4fGt sfod eO/x]sf] /  ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $@ jdf]lhdsf] k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug'{ k"j{ ;/sf/ jGg ;Sg] ljsNkx? vf]Hg'kg]{ cj:Yffsf sf/0f To:tf] l:yltdf k|wfgdGqLsf] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ gePsf] eGg] jfx]s cGo cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLn] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36gsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug{ gkfpg] eGg] JofVof ePsf] b]lvGg . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] Joj:yf cg'?k o; cbfntsf] k"j{ lg0f{ox?sf] cfwf/df ;d]t ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^-!_ jdf]lhd u7g ePsf] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf nflu l;kmfl/zug]{ clwsf/ ePs} b]lvG5 .

$= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd >L % af6 k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L jS;L gofF k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]sLjS;+bf clgjfo{ ?kdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/z x'g'k5{ kb}{g eGg] k|Zgsf ;DjGwdf k|:t't ljifodf l/6 lgj]bsx?n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmf/L;df ePsfn] wf/f #%-@_ jdf]lhd d+lGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{o 5}g, k|ltlglw ;efsf] cfJxfg eO;s]kl5 lj36g ug{ ldNb}g, lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] ;DjGwdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o gePsf]n] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/z gePdf ;+j}wflgs q'l6 ePsf] egL lhls/ lnPsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] ;dy{gdf o;eGbf k"j{sf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;DjGwL l;kmf/L;df dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/z;fy k|:t't u/]sf] pbfx/0f ;d]t k]z u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ jdf]lhd Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf]{ clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf] jLrdf 5 dlxgfsf] km/s ug{ gldNg]df km/s ul/Psf] 5 egL ;+ljwfgsf ljleGg wf/f tyf pkwf/f cGtu{t k|Zg p7fOPsf]n] oL k|Zgx?sf] ljj]rgf ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ cg';f/ k|wfgdGqLn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/z jdf]lhd lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] ;DjGwdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-@_ cg';f/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o rflxG5 rflxb}g eGg] k|Zg pk/ ljrf/ ubf{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ df æ>L % af6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmf/L;df k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug{ ;lsaS;g]5, To;/L k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L aS;bf 5 dlxgf leq gofF k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu lgjf{rg x'g] ldlt ;d]t tf]lsaS;g]5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfO{G5 . wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd >L % af6 cGtt k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] sfo{ x'g] eP klg k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df g} k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g x'g] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] sfo{ >L % / k|wfgdGqLsf jLrsf] /fhg}lts k|s[ltsf] ljifo xf] . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f @& jdf]lhd >L % jf6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt / ;Dd'gltsf] nflu ;+ljwfgsf] kfng / ;+/If0f u/LjS;g] Joj:yf ePsf] /  wf/f #! df >L % af6 u/L jS;]sf] s'g} sfdsf] ;DjGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg gkfOg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] k[i7e"dLdf ;d]t wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd >L % jf6 u/L jS;g] sfo{sf lglDt k|wfgdGqL g} hjfkmb]xL x'g] s'/fdf s'g} ljjfb 5}g .

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] >L % af6 dfq jf df};'kmsf] :jljj]sdf jf cGo s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Lsf] l;kmf/Lzdf ul/jS;g] egL ls6fgL ;fy Joj:yf ePsf]df jfx]s cGo cj:yfdf >L % jf6 ul/g] sfo{x? ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-@_ jdf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltdf ul/jS;g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o; cbfntn] >L % dfqn] jf df};'kmsf] :jljj]sdf ul/g] jf l;kmf/L;df ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf ;DjGwdf /fw]Zofd clwsf/L lj?4 ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL -g]=sf=k= @)$*, lg0f{o g+= $$#), k[i7 *!)_ ;d]tsf] d'2fdf ljzb JofVof / ljj]rgf u/L ;s]sf] x'+bf ;f] lg0f{o ;d]t k|:t't ljjfb lg?k0fsf ;Gbe{df ;d]t ;fGble{s b]lvg cfpb5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-@_ jdf]lhd >L % af6 s'g} kbflwsf/Lsf] l;kmf/L;df ul/jS;g] egL ls6fgL Joj:yf gePsf] l:yltdf dfq dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltaf6 ul/aS;g] Joj:yf xf] . wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ jdf]lhdsf] sfo{ >L % af6 k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/zdf x'g] :ki6 Joj:yf ePsf] b]lv+bf wf/f %# sf] pkwf/f -$_ sf] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z / lgjf{rg x'g] ldlt tf]Sg] ljifonfO{  cnUofP/ k[ys k[ys ?kdf x]g{ ldNg] b]lvGg . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] bf]>f] jfSo klxnf] jfSosf] k"/s xf] . wf/f %#-$_ sf] bf]>f] jfSo klxnf] jfSodf g} cGof]Gofl>t / lge{/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . wf/f %#-$_ sf] bf];|f] jfSodf /x]sf] æTo;/LÆ / æ;d]tÆ zJbx?sf] k|of]uåf/f klxnf] jfSo / bf];|f] jfSo jLr Ps csf{sf] cGt/ ;DjGw b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] jgf}6n] Pp6} cGof]Gofl;|t sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/ Jojl:yt u/]sf] dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu Pp6f kbflwsf/Ln] l;kmfl/z ug]{ / lgjf{rgsf] ldlt csf]{ k|lqmofaf6 tf]Sg] u/L ;f] wf/f %#-$_ sf] agf}6n] 5'6\ofPsf] 5 eGg ;lsGg . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd lj36gsf] 3f]if0ffsf ;fy} lgjf{rgsf] ldlt ;d]t clgjf{otM tf]lsPs} x'g'kg]{ u/L b'j} lqmof cleGg tj/af6 /x]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ cGtu{tsf] l;kmf/L;sf ;fy dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/zklg clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dfj]z x'g' kb{5 eGg] jfWofTds Joj:yf ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] b]lvGg . o;}u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ sf] agf}6 x]bf{ klxnf] jfSodf k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]kl5 bf]>f] jfSodf /x]sf] Joj:yf k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmf/Lzsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;+ljwfgdf g} :ki6 5 eg] cl3 cl3 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z /x]sf] eGg] s'/fsf] s'g} cy{ /fVb}g . olb l;kmfl/z cfjZos kg]{g} eGg] p2]Zo ;+ljwfgsf] xf] eg] wf/f %#-$_ sf] bf]>f] jfSodf d+lqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/z jdf]lhd lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg] egL pNn]v x'g' kg]{ lyof] . /fw]Zofd clwsf/Lsf] d'2fdf >L % / dlGqkl/ifb\ jLrsf] ;DjGwnfO{ ;+ljwfgn] j:t'tM /fhg}lts ;DjGwsf] ?kdf x]/]sf] 5 / Tof] cGt/ ;DjGwjf6 x'g] ;j} sfo{ / pkl:yt x'g] ;j} k|ZgnfO{ /fhg}lts k|Zgsf] ?kdf /fv]sf] 5 eGg] lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] l;4fGt xl/ k|;fb g]kfn lj= ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnf ePsf] l/=g+= @#)$.@)%!, lg0f{o ldlt @)%!.%.@& sf] d'2fdf ;d]t :yflkt eP/ /x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmf/L;sf ;fy dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dfj]z x'g'kb{5 egL ;+ljwfgn] ls6fgL Joj:yf gu/]sf] ;Gbe{df sfg'gn] h'g s'/f clgjfo{ ub}{g, cbfntn] To;sf] cfjZostf 5 egL vf]Hg gldNg] x'+bf lgj]bsx?sf] lhls/ pko'{Qm cfwf/ / sf/0faf6 ;d]t :jLsf/ of]Uo b]lvGg .

%= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !!% sf] pkwf/f -#_ jdf]lhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:Yff sfod /x]sf] l:yltdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ug{ Pj+ k|ltlglw ;efsf] gFof lgjf{rg ;d]t x'g ;Sg] xf] jf xf]Og < eGg] kfFrf} k|Zgsf ;DjGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g @)%( ;fn h]i7 * ut] ;+s6sfnLg l:ylt nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf ePsf]df ljjfb 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ df æo; ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd cufj} lj36g ePdf afx]s k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5, t/ b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" /x]sf] cj:Yffdf Ps jif{df gj9g] u/L P]gåf/f k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn j9fpg ;lsg]5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfO{G5 . l/6 lgj]bgdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g x'+bfsf] cj:yfdf lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn @ jif{ jf+sL g} /x]sf] / ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] cjlw j9fpg ;lsg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] cj:Yffdf sfo{sfn jf+sL 5+b} k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;+ljwfg ljkl/t 5, ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ wf/f !!%-%_ sf] k|fjwfgsf] cufl8 :jtM lg:qmLo x'G5 eGg] ;d]t lhls/ p7fOPsf] kfOof] .

;+s6sfnLg cj:Yffsf] 3f]if0ffsf] cf}lrTo ;DjGwdf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] JofVofTds l6Kk0fLdf æs'g} klg b]zsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf ToxfFsf hgtfsf] :Jffledfgsf] k|tLs x'G5 . o;sf] k|lti7f sfod /fVg hgtfn] cfkm\gf] cl:tTjsf] ;d]t jf:tf ub}{gg\ . To;}u/L b]zsf] cv08tf Pj+ ;'/Iff klg hgtfsf] x[bodf Hofb} lk|o / cleGg ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf /fli6«o :Jffledfgdf ljWg kg{ ;Sg] s'g} o'å, jfx\o cfqmd0f jf ;zq ljb|f]x h:tf sfo{x?n] hgwgsf] Iflt / hg hLjgnfO{ c:tJo:t u/fpg ;Sg] x'+bf To;sf] ;fdgf ug{ b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg cj:Yffsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o dxTjsf] ?kdf x'g] of] 3f]if0ff s'g cj:yfdf x'g' kg]{ xf] / To;sf] cf}lrTo slt 5 eGg] ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx?df dlGqkl/ifb\g} pQ/bfoL x'g] u/L dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmf/L;df >L % af6 3f]if0ff ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfO{G5 .

h'g;'s} /fhg}lts Joj:yf ePsf] d'n'sdf o'å, ;z:q ljb|f]x h:tf] wghgsf] Iflt / /fi6«sf] cl:tTjnfO{ g} c;/ kfg]{ ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf cfOkg{ ;Sg] x'gfn] To:sf] ;fdgf ug{ /fHon] ljz]if pkfox? ckgfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf] ljz]if pkfox? ckgfObf hg ;fwf/0fsf] df}lns xs Pj+ ;f] xsx?sf] k|rngdf :jefjt s]xL lgoGq0f cfjZos x'g] x'+bf  k|hftflGqs ;+ljwfgdf /fHoåf/f ul/g] ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/sf] k|of]unfO{ cToGt ;ts{tf;fy Jojl:yt ul/Psf] kfOG5 . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !!% -!_ df g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf, jf s'g}  efusf] ;'/Iffdf o'Wb, jfx\o cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x jf r/d cfly{s lj>[ªvntfsf] sf/0fn] u+eL/ ;Í6 pTkGg ePdf ;s+6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ jf cfb]z hf/L ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] ;+s6sfn g]kfn clw/fHo e/g} nfu' x'g' kg]{ xf] < jf s'g} vf; If]qdf nfu' x'g] xf] < To:sf] nflu kof{Kt cf}lrTo 5, 5}g < eGg] h:tf k|Zgx? Goflos lg/f]k0fsf] ljifo j:t' geP/ /fhgLlts txjf6 Jojl:yt x'g] Joj:Yff ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf]] kfOG5 . wf/f !!% sf] pkwf/f -@_ n] ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z k|ltlglw ;efsf] j}7ssf] cg'df]bgsf] nflu tLg dlxgf leq k]z ul/g' kg]{, pkwf/f -#_ n] k|ltlglw ;efdf pkl:yt ;b:ox?sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ jx'dtn] cg'df]bg u/]df 5 dlxgf;Dd nfu" x'g] Joj:yfn] ;+s6sfnLg 3f]if0ffsf] cf}lrTo / cjlw k|ltlglw ;efdf k]z u/L cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{ x'gfn] sfo{sf/L0fLåf/f ;s+6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ffsf] gfddf :j]R5frf/L zf;g ;+rfng lj?å lgoGq0fsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ;+ljwfgåf/f g} ul/Psf] ;d]t b]lvG5 . ldlt @)%*.*.!! df g]kfn clw/fHoe/L ;+s6sfnLg cfb]z hf/L ePsf] / ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yf jdf]lhd k|ltlglw  ;efsf] j}7sdf k]z u/L b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox?af6 ldlt @)%*.!!.!) df cg'df]bg ;d]t ePsf] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g .

;+s6sfnLg cj:yf @)%( ;fn h]i7 !) ut] ;Dd nfu" e} /fv]sf]df @)%(.@.* df g} k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/]sf] sfo{ c;+j}wflgs 5 eGg] lgj]bs kIfsf] lhsL/ /x]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf slxn] / s;/L cfO{k5{ Tof] c+hfd ug{ ;lsg] s'/f  xf]Og . k|ltlglw  ;ef lj36g e} /fv]sf] ;dodf ;d]t ;+s6sfn nfu' ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfO{ kg{ ;S5 eGg] s'/fsf] kl/sNkgf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!% sf] pkwf/f -^_ n] u/]sf] Joj:yfaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . o:sf] cltl/Qm ;+ljwfg ;'emfj cfof]u, @)$& åf/f jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf ;fy ;+nUg JofVofTds l6Kk0fLdf /fli6«o ;efsf] ;+/rgf :yfoL lgsfosf] ?kdf ul/Psf]n] k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:ox?sf] lgjf{rg Ps} k6s x'g] / k|ltlglw ;ef vf; cj:yfdf eË ;d]t x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;+s6sfnLg cjlw jf+sL /x+b}sf] cj:yfdf ;+;bsf] tNnf] ;bgsf] lgjf{rg ;d]t x'g ;Sg] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .  ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z jf cGo s'g} wf/f, pkwf/f, v08, pkv08df ;+s6sfn nfu' ePsf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] kfOb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-^_ sf] cWoog ubf{ k|ltlglw ;ef lj3l6t ePsf] cj:yfdf pkwf/f -@_-#_-$_-%_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u /fli6«o ;efn] ug]{ eGg] pNn]v ePaf6 ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] Dofb jf+sL 5+b} k|ltlglw ;ef g/x]sf] cj:yfdf cg'df]bgsf] sfo{ /fli6«o ;efjf6 x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfaf6 g} ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ sf] kfFr jif{sf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePsf] jf lj36g ePsf] cj:Yffdf ;+s6sfnsf] cg'df]bg ug]{ sfo{ /fli6«o ;efaf6 x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . p;df klg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-^_ df Æk|ltlglw ;ef lj3l6t ePsf] cj:yfdf Æ eGg] jfSof+zaf6 g} ;+s6sfnsf] cj:yf nfu" /x]s} cj:Yffdf klg k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g x'g ;Sg] cj:Yff b]lvg cfp+5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $%-#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf Ps jif{df gj9g] u/L P]gåf/f k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn j9fpg ;lsg] 5 eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-^_ df k|ltlglw ;ef lj3l6t ePsf] cj:yfdf pkwf/f -@_-#_-$_ / -%_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u /fli6«o ;efn] ug]{5 eGg] Joj:yfaf6 ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] cjlw j9fpg] clgjfo{tf xf] eGg] b]lvb}g . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ffsf] cg'df]bg ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm j}7saf6 x'g] k|fjwfg /x]klg k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf /fli6«o ;efn] klg o; k|of]hgsf nflu b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm j}7sn] ug]{ sfd ug{ ;Sg] u/L /fli6«o ;efsf] ;+/rgf :yfoL] lgsfosf ?kdf ul/Psf] / k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:ox?sf] lgjf{rg Ps} k6s x'g] / vf; cj:yfdf e+u ;d]t x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] /fli6«o ;efn] ;f] sfd ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' h?/L kg]{ ePjf6 ;f] Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 .

jt{dfg ;Gbe{df zflGFt ;'/Iff nufot sltko sf/0fn] lgjf{rg g} x'g ;Sb}g eGg] jx; lhls/ ;d]tsf ;DjGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ d'n'sdf ;'/Iffsf sf/0f zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfaf6 :jR5 / lgikIf lgjf{rg x'g ;S5, ;Sb}g P+jd\ lgjf{rgsf nflu >f]t ;fwgsf] cj:yf ;d]tsf] d"Nofs+g u/L pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;d]tsf s'/fx? sfo{sfl/0fLsf] sfo{If]q cGtu{tsf] ljifo ePsf]n] To:tf ljifox? cbfntsf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf] k|Zg klg x'g ;Qm}g. ;++s6sfndf lgjf{rg ug{ ;+ljwfgn] /f]s nufPsf] :ki6t b]lvGg . ef/tdf ;+s6sfnLg ;dodf lgjf{rg ;DjGwL cfjZos gful/s clwsf/x?df jGb]h x6fO{ lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fOPsf] -;g\ !(^@, !(&!, !(&&_ / ;+o'Qm clw/fHodf ;d]t o; cj:yfdf lgjf{rg ePsf] pbfx/0f kfOG5 . o;y{M ;+s6sfndf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ;+ljwfgn] g} x'g;Sg] egL b]vfO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g u/L gofF lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] lhls/ ;+ljwfg ;Ddt b]lvb}g .    

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ sf] Joj:yfn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ug{ lgolGqt u/]sf] klg 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-#_  / %#-$_ sf] Joj:yf h:tf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ / !!%-%_ sf] jLr s'g} tfbfTDotf b]lvb}g . k|ltlglw ;efdf ;+s6sfnsf] cjlw j9fpg] ;DjGwL k|:tfj s'g} cj:Yffdf klg lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] / lj36g ePdf btf{ ePsf] k|:tfj :jtM lgl:qmo x'g ;Sg] eGg] Joj:yf k|ltlglw ;ef lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod $ sf] pk lgod -#_ df ePsf] b]lvG5 . lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-#_ cg';f/sf] ;f+;båf/f ;dfj]bg ul/ jf]nfOPsf] ljz]if clwj]zg geO{ cNksfnLg ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ cg';f/ g} cfJxfg ePsf] clwj]zg xf] . o; cy{jf6 klg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-$_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!%-%_ jf6 ;d]t s'g} ?kn] klg lgolGqt /x]sf] b]lvb}g . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] s'g} klg wf/fn] ;+s6sfnsf] ;dodf k|ltlglw  ;efsf] lj36g ug{ gkfpg] u/L wf/f %#-$_ jdf]lhd k|wfgdGqLsf] clwsf/df jGb]h nufPsf] gb]lvPsf] / lgj]bsx?n] lhls/ lnOPsf ;+ljwfgsf cGo wf/fx?sf] dfly n]lvP jdf]lhdsf] ljZn]if0faf6 ;d]t To:tf] aGb]hsf] kl/sNkgf ;+ljwfgn] gu/]sf] sf/0f lgj]bsx?sf] lhls/ :jLsf/of]Uo b]lvPg .

k|wfgdGqLsf] s'g} dxTjk"0f{ gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmdnfO{ k|ltlglw ;efn] c;xof]u u/L c:jLs[t u/]df dfq k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L ;fj{ef}d hgtfdf hfg] xf],;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLnfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] c;xof]u k|ltlglw ;efaf6 gePsf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug'{ ;+j}wflgs x'b}g eGg] ts{ ;d]t l/6 lgj]bsx?af6 k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg @)%(.@.( ut]sf nflu ePsf]df ljjfb 5}g / k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g @)%(.@.* ut] g} ePsf] eGg] k|sflzt ;"rgfaf6 :ki6 b]lvPsf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g k|ltlglw ;efn] c;xof]u u/]s} sf/0fjf6 dfq x'g] xf] eGg] klg st} b]lvb}g . ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLn] >L % ;dIf ug'{ ePsf] l;kmfl/z / k|ltlglw ;ef >L % af6 lj36g u/L aS;]sf] /fhb/jf/sf] lj1lKtsf] cjnf]sg ubf{ ;f] lj1lKtaf6 ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLn] ljleGg sf/0f b]vfO{ u/]sf] l;kmf/L;sf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g ePsf]df ljjfb b]lvb}g . tL ljleGg sf/0f s] s] x'g\ < >L % df k|wfgdGqLn] s] s] sf/0f b]vfO{ lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z ug'{ eof] < eGg] h:tf ljifox? ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #%-^_ jdf]lhd ;d]t cbfntjf6 lg?k0f x'g] ljifo x'g ;Qm}g . k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ubf{ s'g} k"jf{j:yf, zt,{ cfwf/ / sf/0f ;+ljwfgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gx'gfn] tL sf/0f / cfwf/x? Goflos lg?k0fsf ljifox? agfpg gldNg] eGg] l;4fGtx? o; cbfntaf6 k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ;DjGwL d'2fx?df ul/Psf k'j{ lg0f{ox?af6 :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g k|ltlglw ;efaf6 k|wfgdGqLsf] gLlt / sfo{qmddf c;xof]u ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq x'g ;Qm}g . To;jfx]s w]/} sf/0fx? x'g ;Qm5g\ . h'g sf/0fnfO{ cbfntn] Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xb}g .

b]zsf] ;d;fdlos /fhg}lts kl/l:yltsf] ;Gbe{df k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g jf~5gLo lyof] jf lyPg cyjf b]zsf] cfly{s cj:yfn] k|ltlglw ;efsf] rf+8f] rf+8f] lj36g / lgjf{rgsf] ef/ yfDg ;Qm5 jf ;Qm}g cyjf To:t} cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 k|ltlglw ;efsf] lj36g x'g' pko'Qm lyof] jf lyPg OToflb k|Zgx? /fhg}lts k|s[ltsf k|Zg ePsf / ltgsf] lg?k0f ljz'4 /fhg}lts cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL / >L % af6 x'g] ePsf]n] o:tf k|Zgx? Gofo of]Uo k|Zg xF'b}gg\ . k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L gofF lgjfr{gåf/f hgfb]z k|fKt ug{ hfg] xf], To;sf] cf}lrTo hfRg] ;fj{ef}d hgtf g} x'G5 . k|wfgdGqLåf/f k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] l;kmf/L;df ljleGg sf/0f b]vfOPsf] 5 . ;f] sf/0faf/] cbfntn] Goflos lg/f]k0f ug]{ s'/f cfpb}g . ;+;bLo k|0ffnL clVtof/ u/]sf] j]nfotdf ;d]t k|ltlglw ;efn] ;/sf/sf] gLlt / sfo{qmddf cj/f]w v8f u/]sf]  sf/0faf6 dfq ;+;b lj36g ePsf] eGg] b]lvb}g . s'g} sfo{af6 hgdt cfkm'lt/ 5 eGg] cfwf/df ;d]t k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;bsf] lj36g u/L gofF hgfb]zsf] lglDt hfg] u/]sf] ;Gbe{df gLlt Pjd\ sfo{qmddf cj/f]w u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq lj36g x'g ;Sg] ;+s'lrt cy{ ug{ klg ldNg] b]lvb}g . k|wfgdGqLn] s'g kl/j]z / cj:Yffdf tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf cufj} k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug]{ xf], Tof] k|wfgdGqLn] /f]Hg] ljifo xf] . ;fdfGotof zf;g Joj:yfdf ult/f]w pTkGg ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLn] lj36gsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf] x'G5 . x'g t cfkm\gf] bnsf] ;f+;bnfO{ cg'zfl;t ug{ jf cfwf/e"t gLlt jf sfo{qmdsf nflu gofF hgfb]z k|fKt ug{ jf c? s'g} sf/0f ePdf klg lj36gsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf pbfx/0fx? kfOG5 . lgj]bs z+s/ k|;fb kf08]o ;d]tsf] lgj]bg / ;f] ;DjGwdf lgj]bs tkm{sf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx?n] ;d]t ;+ljwfgdf k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm\g} dlGqkl/ifb\;+u k/fdz{ gu/L cfkm\g} ;+;bLo bnnfO{ ;d]t j]jf:tf u/L cfkm"nfO{ k|wfgdGqL jgfpg] bnsf] klg cj1f u/L dgf]jflG5t t/Lsfaf6 k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/fpg >L % df l;kmfl/zr9fpg] :j]R5frf/L clwsf/ jt{dfg ;+ljwfgn] lbPs} 5}g egL lhls/ lnPsf] kfOof] . xl/ k|;fb g]kfn lj= ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnf ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf ;+ljwfgn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu wf/f %#-$_ df s'g} k"j{ zt{sf] Joj:yf gu/]sf] l:ylt / cj:Yffdf ;+;bsf] clwj]zg rfn' /x]sf] cj:yfdf klg k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ;lsg] o; cbfntaf6 k"j{ lg0f{o e};s]sf] b]lvG5 . o; ;Gbe{ / k[i7e'dLdf x]bf{ ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf ;d]t k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ug{ ;+ljwfgn] lgoGq0f u/]sf] b]lvGg .

lgj]bsx?n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ jdf]lhd ;+;bsf] Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf]{ clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf jLrdf 5 dlxgf eGbf j9L x'g gx'g] eGg] ;d]tsf] k|Zg k|:t't lgjf{rg ldlt tf]lsPsf] ;DjGwdf p7fOPsf] ljifonfO{ x]bf{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %#-!_ sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ >L % af6 k|ltlglw ;efsf] nflu lgjf{rg ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq ;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ul/jS;g] / To;kl5 ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd ;do ;dodf clwj]zg cfJxfg u/LjS;g] Joj:yf 5 . clwj]zg cfJxfg ubf{ Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf]{ clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf] jLrsf] cjlw 5 dlxgf eGbf j9L x'g' x'+b}g . of] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf nfu" x'g] ljifo xf] . wf/f $@-$_ / wf/f %#-$_ sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t  wf/f %#-!_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSofFz nfu" x'G5 eGg] cy{ ug{ ldNg] b]lvGg . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% -#_ df æo; ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd cufj} lj36g ePdf jfx]s k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] b]lv+bf ;f] Joj:yf hLljt ;+;bsf] nflu ePsf] dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 . ;+;b lj36g geO{ hLljt /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / k|f/Desf] jLrsf] cGt/fn 5 dlxgf eGbf j9L x'g gx'g] ;fdfGo Joj:yf xf] . of] ;j} cj:Yffdf ;dfg ?kdf nfu' x'G5 eGg] xf]Og .

^= ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLaf6 @)%(.@.* df k|ltlglw ;ef lj36gsf] nflu ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z b'/fzoo'Qm 5, 5}g eGg] k|Zgsf] ;Gbe{df ljrf/ubf{ ;+s6sfnsf] Dofb a9fpg] k|:tfjnfO{ k|ltlglw ;efdf 5nkmn x'g glbO{ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/]sf] b'/f;ok"0f{ 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm\g} bnl;t s'g} k"j{ 5