Kathmandu, Ashadh 03, 2064.

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/fh]Gb| dxtf], dGqL, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{

lgof{thGo pBf]ux? 3f6fdf uO/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf To;sf] sf/0f kQf nufO ;dfwfg vf]Hg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . /f]usf] klxrfg ePkl5 dfq To;sf] pko'Qm cf}ifwL k|of]ukl5 lgsf] x'G5 . ljutdf pBf]uwGbf h'g ultdf ljsf; x'g'kg]{lyof], Tof] ultdf ljsf; x'g ;s]g . d'n'sdf ljutdf åGåsf] cjZyf ePsf sf/0f cf}Bf]lus zflGtsf] jftfj/0f lyPg . åGån] ;j} If]qdf gsf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] lyof] / pBf]u Joj;fosf] If]qdf cln al9 g}+ k|efj kf/]sf] lyof] . To;n] ubf{ pTkfbg ;"rf? ?kn] gx'g], sRrf kbfy{ pknAw gx'g\] of >d ;DalGw ;d:ofsf] ljifon] ubf{ pBf]uwGbf km:6fpg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . aGb x8tfn / ljleGg ultljlwn] ubf{ pTkfbsTjsf] nfut a9\g uof] . clxn]sf] k|lt:kwf{sf] o'udf pRr nfut d"No eof] eg] lt pBf]u / j:t' l6Sg} ;Sb}gg\ . ljZj e'd08nLs/0fsf] o'udf k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;Sg] pTkfbgx?sf] lgsf;L 36\g] u5{ . pTkfbg 36\g'sf] csf]{ sf/0f ljB't klg xf] . ljB't cfk"lt[df ;dfgtf g'xg' / rfx]sf] dfqfdf ;/sf/n] pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ ljB't lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . b]z nf]8;]l8ªsf] df/df k/]sf sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0fn] nufot pBf]uLx? 7'nf] lk8fdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;}sf] df/df g]kfnL j:t' tyf pTkfbgx? k/]sf x'g\ . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g nufot cGo If]qLo cfly{s ;fem]bf/L ;DalGw ;+u7gx?sf] ;b:o ePkl5 g]kfn klg v'nf ahf/df k|j]z u/]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . lgsfl;hGo pBf]ux?sf] k|a4{gsf nflu ljz]if cfly{s IF]q-;]h_sf] cjwf/0ff k|rngdf cfO;s]sf] 5 . lgsf;LhGo pBf]ux?sf] k|a4{gsf nflu :yfkgf ul/g] ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf ljleGg ;'ljwfx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To; If]qdf ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o sDkgLx?n] nufgL ug]{5g\ . /fHoaf6 pBf]ux?n] s/5'6 nufotsf ljleGg ;'ljwfx? kfPsf] v08df pTkflbt j:t'sf] nfut d"No sd x'G5 . pTkfbg nfut t'ngfTds ?kn] cGo b]zsf] t'ngfdf sd ePkl5 xfd|f] lgsf;L hGo pBf]usf] k|lt:kwL{ Ifdtfdf j[l4 x'g]5 . kmn:j?k xfd|f pTkfbgx?n] klg ljb];L ahf/df alnof] pkl:ylt hgfpg]5g\ . lgsf;LhGo pBf]ux?sf] pTyfg ePdf dfq d'n'nsn] a}b]l;sd'b|f al9 dfqfdf cfh{g ug]{5 . o;n] a}b]l;s d'b|fsf] ;+lrlt klg a9fpg] 5 eg] cfoft al9 ePsf sf/0f r'lnPsf] Jofkf/3f6fdf klg Go"gtf cfpg]5 . t/ hj;Dd ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] cjwf/0ff ;xL ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g;Sb}g tj;Dd g]kfnsf] lgof{t /fd|f] x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf nflu xfdLn] ljleGg k|of;x? ul//x]sf 5f}+ . h:t} e}/xjfdf ljz]if cfly{s If]q lgdf{0fflwg cjZyfdf /x]sf] 5 . lj/uGhdf ;ft;o lj3f hldgdf lrgLldnsf] hldgdf ljz]if cfly{s If]q agfpg nfu]sf 5f}+ . To;sf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu ef/t ;/sf/;+u % ca{ ?k}of“ ;xof]u dfUg] tv{/ ul//x]sf 5f}+ . g]kfnsf] lgsf;LhGo pBf]ussf] eljio af]s]sf t'ngfTds nfesf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ j:t'x? k|To]ssf] 5'6\6f5'6\6} ljz]if cfly{s If]qx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;f]r klg ;/sf/sf] /x]sf] 5 . sfk]{6, ufd]{G6, cf}ifwL pTkfbg cflb s]xL pbfx/0fx? eP . To;df ;]jf Joj;fo b]vL pTkfbg;Ddsf j:t'x? ;dfj]z ul/g]5g\ . pBf]u Joj;fosf] pTyfgsf nflu agfOg] lo ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf nflu ;a}eGbf pko'Qm 7fp“ ;Dk"0f{ dw]z /x]sf] 5 . ljBdfg cjZyfdf /x]sf pBf]ux?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{ ltgnfO{ lbuf] ?k lbg / gof“ pBf]ux? vf]Ngsf nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;/sf/ sl6j4 /x]sf] 5 . u'0f:tl/o lgof{tsf nflu ;/sf/ gof“ cf}Bf]lus tyf afl0fHo gLltx?sf] th'{df ul//x]sf] 5 . cy{ If]qdf b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]/Lx?sf] ;'wf/ /ftf/ft gxf]nf t/ ltgnfO{ qmlds?kdf Go"lgs/0f ub}{ hfg'k5{ . ;f]r agfP/ Tolx vfsf cg';f/ rNg] xf] eg] bL3{sflng cfly{s ljsf;sf] ultdf g]kfn klg nlDsg ;S5 .

ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] cjwf/0ff ljutdf cufl8 a9\g g;Sg'df g]kfnsf] åGå / /fhgLlts cl:y/tf g}+ k|d'v sf/0f xf] . ca rflx+ o;nfO{ cufl8 ga9fOsgf ;'v 5}g . lsgeg] cf}Bf]lus qmflGt / k|ultsf nflu ljz]if cfly{s If]q -;]h_sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ b'|t ultn] cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ . clxn] åGåsf] cjZyf ;dfKt eO zflGt k|s[ofsf] yfngL eO;s]sf] cjZYfdf ;]hn] ult lng yfn]sf] 5 . cf7 kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ ePsf sf/0f ljz]if cfly{s IF]qsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f ag]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] ;/sf/n] gof“ cf}Bf]lus gLlt Nofpg] tof/L ul//x]sf 5f}+ . gof“ g]kfn agfpg s]jn efif0f / /fhgLlts kl/jt{gn] dfq x'b}g, hgtfsf] ;'vb'v ;+u ufl;Psf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg cfly{s qmflGt ug'{k5{ . ha;Dd ul/jL lgjf/0f x'g ;Sb}g gof g]kfnsf] sNkgf efif0fdf dfq l;ldt /xG5 .

cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf 8n/sf] d"Nodf cfPsf] lu/fa6sf sf/0f g]kfnL pBf]ux?sf] k|lt:kwL{ Ifdtfdf cfPsf] sdLnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{'k5{ . d}+n] cl3 g}+ eg] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;b:o g]kfn eO;s]sf] cjZyfdf cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf] d'Nodf ptf/r9fj cfp“5, ;j} d'n'snfO{ o;sf] k|efj kl//x]sf] x'G5 . sRrf kbfy{ klg ljb];af6} Nofpg] / ljb]zaf6} tof/L j:t'x? Nofpg] sf/0fn] 8n/sf] d"Nodf sdL cfPkl5 g]kfnnfO k|efj kl/xfN5 lg .

d pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnodf cfPkl5 pBf]uLx?sf ljleGg ;d:ofx?k|lt kl/lrt x'g] df}sf kfP“ . ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt gx'g', ljB't cfk"lt{ lgoldt / cfjZos dfqfdf gx'g' / cfjZosLo ;]jf ;x'lnotx? gx'g'–Joj;foLx?n] k|:t't ub}{ cfPsf ;d:ofx? x'g\ oL . cGt/f{li6«o a:t'x?;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug{sf nflu pNn]lvt tLg s'/fx?sf] dfu Joj;foLx?n] ;/sf/s;+u u/]sf 5g\ .

pBf]u afl0fHo If]qsf] ljsf; yk ;3g ?kdf ug{sf nflu ljleGg k|:tfjx? cfufdL ah]6sf nflu xfdLn] lbO ;s]sf 5f}+ . ;'wf/sf nflu Joj;foLx?af6 lnlvt tyf df}lvs ?kdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;'emfjx?sf cfwf/df cy{dGqfno ;dIf cfufdL cfly{s jif{ @)^$÷^% sf nflu k|:tfjx? k7fPsf xf}+ . h'6ldnn] ljB'tdf @$ k|ltzt cg'bfg ;/sf/af6 kfO/x]sf]df %) k|ltzt 5'6sf] dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;Ldf hf]l8Psf] l5d]sL b]z ef/tdf h'6 pBf]unfO{ g]kfndf eGbf #) k|ltzt al9 cg'bfg ljh'nLdf lbO/fv]sf sf/0f :jefljs ?kn] g]kfnsf h'6 sd k|lt:kwL{ x'G5g\ . o;tkm{ klg ;/sf/n] u+letfk"j{s ;f]Rg}k5{ . o;}u/L lrgLdf klg ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf 5g\ . Toxfsf lrgL pBf]un] kfPsf ljleGg ;x'lnotx?sf sf/0f g]kfnsf lrgL dxuf] / ef/tsf] lrgL ;:tf] kg{ uPsf] 5 . ef/tLo ;:tf] lrgLsf] ahf/ g]kfnsf] lrgLsf] ahf/df nfO{ lht]sf] cjZyf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf lrgLldnx?n] pTkfbg u/]sf] lrgL ef/tLo lrgL;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;Sbf :6s eO/x]sf]5 . o;sf] df/df ls;fg kl/x]sf 5g\ . of] t Pp6f pbfx/0f dfq x'g\ . oL tdfd ;d:ofx?nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ah]6df k|ltljlDat ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . l8lkcf/df 5'6sf] s'/fx? ,ef/t;+u klg 8n/ lt/]/ ;fdfg vl/b ug]{ ljsNk lt/ ;f]r cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ef/t–g]kfn afl0fHo ;lGwdf klg ;do;fk]If ;'wf/sf nflu u[xsfo{x? gePsf xf]Ogg\ . oL s'/fx? pk/ dGqfno lj1x?sf] /fo ;'emfjsf cfwf/df cWoogx? ug{ Jo:t /x]sf] 5 .

cf}Bf]lus gLlt / afl0fHo gLltdf ;Qf;fem]bf/ ;j} bnx?sf] ;xdltsf cfwf/df ;do;fk]If ;'wf/ Nofpg tkm{ d]/f] Wofg s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . cf}Bf]lus gLlt / afl0fHo gLlt lgof{thGo pBf]ux?sf] ljsf; / k|a4{gdf xb};Dd nlrnf] 9+un] k|:t't x'g]5 .

!%÷@) jif{df of] d'n'snfO{ ljZjsf] wgL d'n'ssf] bfhf]df k'/\ofpg] xf] eg] b[9 OR5fzlQm rflxG5 . xfd|f] cufl8 ePsf cj;/x?sf] k|of]u dfq} u/\of}+ eg] !) ul/j d'n'ssf] bhf{af6 Ps}k6s !) wgLd'n'ssf] bhf{df hfg;S5 lsgeg] g]kfn ;fgf] d'n's xf] . ;xL tl/sf hfGof] eg] o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ ufx|f] sfd xf]Og . l;of]b]vL lnP/ xjfOhxfh;Dd agfpg] ;kgf b]v]/ sfof{Gjogdf plqof}+ eg] dfq xfdL ;d[4 d'n'sx?sf] bfhf]df k'Ug ;S5}+ . eg] dfq xfdLhn;|f]t tyf ko{6gdf xfdL wgL 5f}+ eg] cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f /fd|f] x'b} uPsf] 5 / ;:tf] >d hgzlQm 5 oxf“ . t'ngfTds nfesf If]qx? klxrfg u/]/ To;;+u ;DalGwt j:t' pTkfbg u/\of} eg] g]kfn] w]/} k|ult ug{ ;S5 cfly{s ?kdf . h:t} l;d]G6 pBf]usf] ;Defjgf g]kfndf k|r"/dfqfdf /x]sf] 5 . l;d]G6sf] sRrfkbfy{ k|Fs[lts?kdf g]kfndf w]/} /x]sf]5 . To;sf] ;b'kof]u u/\of}+ eg] cfufdL krf; aif{df xfdLn] w]/} k};f sdfpg ;S5f}+ . g]kfndf @ ;o jif{;Dd klg oxfsf l;d]G6 pBf]un] k|of]u u/]/ gl;l4g] vfgLx? /x]sf 5g\ . af6f]sf] kx'r gePsf] sf/0f vfgLsf] pkof]u eO/x]sf] 5}g . nfOd:6f]gsf vfgLx? s]xL pBf]ux?n] /f]s]/ /fv]sf 5g\ k|of]u ePsf] 5}g . g]kfn s[ifL k|wfg b]z ePsf] x'gfn] s[lifdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux?sf] ;Defjgf k|r"/ dfqfdf /x]sf] 5 .

cfGtl/s vktsf nflu j:t' pTkfg ug]{ pBf]u x'g\ ls lgsfl;hGo pBf]u x'g\, ;a}n] ef]u]sf ;ffemf ;d:of eg]sf] gLltut c:ki6tf / dGqfnout ;dGjosf] cefj xf] . cfufdL lbgsf o;sf] Go"lgs/0f ug{sf nflu gLlt th'{df ubf{ Ps csf{df aflemg] lsl;dsf gLltx? k|lt k"glj{rf/ ul/g] 5g\ eg] dGqfnout c;dGjonfO{ cGTo ug{sf nflu Psåf/f gLlt cfp“b}5 . o:tf] lsl;dsf] s'/fsf] kl/sNkgf ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf klg ul/Psf] 5 . Psåf/ gLlt cGo d'n'ssf] nflu gf}nf] gePklg xfd|f] b]zsf] nflu gf}+nf] xf] .

g]kfnaf6 pTkflbt j:t'x?sf] 5'6;lxtsf] ahf/ ljZjsf cGo d'n'sdf vf]Hgsf nflu cfly{s s'6gLltsf] 7'nf] e"ldsf x'g]u5{ .

k|:t'ltM lbg]z sfsL{

dinesh.karki@gmail.com

cem} eofjx 5 afn>dsf] l:ylt

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfndf /fhgLlts d'2fx¿ ;b}j zLif{ k|fyldstfdf eO/xg] / /fhgLlts cGof}n rln/xg] sf/0fn] ubf{ /fHosf cGo dxŒjk"0f{ ljifoj:t'x¿ cf]em]ndf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . cf]em]ndf k/]sf] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ ljifo eg]sf] afn>d klg xf] . clxn] w]/} afnaflnsfx¿ cgf}krfl/s pBf]u, xf]6n, /]:6'/]G6df sfo{/t 5g\ eg] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf afnaflnsf 3/]n' dhb'/sf] ¿kdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . emg\ b; jif{eGbf a9L ;do rn]sf] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s åGån] t u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] l:yltnfO{ bogLo agfOlbPsf] 5 . åGåsf sf/0f lj:yflkt x'gk'u]sf gful/sx¿sf afnaflnsf afn>dsf] hf]lvddf kg]{u/]sf 5g\ eg] åGås} sf/0f cfkm\gf cfdfafa' u'dfpg]x¿sf] nflu afn>d g} hLjgofkgsf] Ps dfq ljkNk /x]sf] 5 . /fHon] cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu vf;} /fd|f] Joj:yf ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z ePsf] x'gfn] lj:yflktdWo] clwsf+z afnaflnsfx¿ s[lif / vfBfGg pTkfbg;DaGwL sfo{x¿df k|of]u eO/x]sf 5g\ . k9\g] n]Vg] clwsf/af6 jl~rt afnaflnsfx¿ clwsf+ztM afn>dsf] ¿kdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . pBf]u–wGbfdf afn>lds /fVg gkfpg] lgod ;/sf/n] agfPsf] eP klg To;sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . afn>dsf] ;aeGbf eofjx l:ylt t 3/3/df /x]sf] 5 . 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ cfly{s l:ylt sdhf]/ ePsf] kl/jf/;“u ;DalGwt x'g] u5{g\ . 3/3/df /x]sf afn>dnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ afn>d lgif]w tyf lgoldt ug]{ P]g @)%^ NofOPsf] lyof], h;n] afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fem ^ b]lv laxfg ^ ah];Dd s'g} sfddf nufpg gkfOg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . P]gljk/Lt sfo{ u/]df sfd–sf/afxL ug]{nfO{ s;'/ x]/L % xhf/ b]lv %) xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/jfgf / b'O{ dlxgfb]lv ! jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefun] ;g\ @))#÷)$ df ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] /fli6«o hLjg:t/ dfkg ;j]{If0fcg';f/ g]kfndf !* nfveGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ afn>ldssf] ¿kdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] clt g} ;+j]bgzLn dfg]sf] pd]/ ;d"x % b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/sf !) nfv afnaflnsfx¿ afn>dsf] tLtf] oyfy{;“u hf]l8Psf 5g\ . s[lif If]qnufot g]kfndf bf;Tj, hLp df:g]–a]Rg], ;z:q ;+3if{, j]Zofj[lQ, nfu'kbfy{ cf];f/k;f/, e6\6L k;n tyf /]:6'/]G6, :yn oftfoft, df]6/ dd{t, un}+rf pBf]u, O6fe6\6f, ;nfO sf/vfgf, 5fnf k|zf]wg, sf]OnfvfgL, lu6\6L s'6\g]h:tf ljleGg If]q;Da4 dhb'/L sfo{df a“w'jf, afn>lds, ;8s afnaflnsf, afn el/of, 3/]n' sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] 7"nf] k|ltzt t cem} klg a“w'jf dhb'/sf] ¿kdf sfo{/t /x]sf] ljleGg afnaflnsf;“u ;DalGwt u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] a]nfa]nfdf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ tYof+s÷k|ltj]bgx¿df pNn]v 5g\ .

;aeGbf lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>dsf] ¿kdf s[lif If]qsf] afn>dnfO{ lnOPsf] 5, lsgeg] afn>dsf] cTolws k|of]u ePsf] If]q eg]sf] s[lif If]q xf] . ljZjdf % b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/sf sl/a !) s/f]8 @) nfveGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ vFB kbfy{, k]o kbfy{ Pj+ cGo pkef]Uo j:t'x¿ pTkfbgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] sRrf kbfy{sf] ljt/0fdf ;xof]u ub}{ ljleGg k|sf/sf aflngfnL pTkfbg / kz'kfngdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . ljZjdf s[lif If]q dfq o:tf] If]q xf], h;n] s"n afn>dsf] &) k|ltzt c+z axg ub{5 . s[lif IF]qdf afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtfsf] eofjx lrqnfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ ut h'g !@ df ljZjJofkL ¿kdf dgfOPsf] afn>d ljZj lbj;n] …eljiosf] hf]xf] M afn>dljxLg s[lif pTkfbgÚ gf/f lbP/ dgfPsf] 5 . s[lif If]qsf] hf]lvdk"0f{ afn>d pGd'ngsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO{Pncf]_ / cGt/f{li6«o s[lif ;+u7gx¿ vf;u/L PkmPcf], cfO{PkmP8L, cfO{Pkmcf/cfO{, ;LhLcfO{Pcf/, cfO{PkmPkL, / 6Lo"kLaLr ;xsfo{ ;lqmo ¿kdf ljsl;t x“'b} uO/x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO{Pncf]_ / s[lif;“u ;DalGwt ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx¿n] afn>d;DaGwL ljleGg sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{;DaGwdf tLg k|d'v ;Gb]z tof/ kf/]sf 5g\, h;dWo] s[lif If]qsf /f]huf/Lx¿df sfg'gL ¿kdf Go"gtd pd]/sf] xbnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf nfu' ug]{, !* jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ s[lif If]qsf hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nfUg lgif]w ug]{ tyf o:tf sfddf afnaflnsfsf] k|j]znfO{ /f]syfd ug]{ / s[lif If]qdf :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff;DaGwL dfkb08x¿sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ /f]huf/df k|j]z ug{ sfg'gL ¿kdf Go"gtd pd]/ k'u]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L s[lifdf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{ gu/fpgsf nflu ;'lglZrt ug{ sbdx¿ rfNg], u|fdL0f ul/aL sd ug{ /0fgLlt / sfo{qmdx¿ k|a4{g ug]{, lzIffdf u|fdL0f, ;x/L tyf n}+lus c;dfgtf x6fpg] / s[lif / u|fdL0f If]qdf o'jf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ a9fpg] /x]sf 5g\ .

cfO{Pncf]sf] cle;lGw !*@ cg';f/ afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds, ;'/Iff / g}lts lx;fan] xflg k'Ug] h'g;'s} sfdnfO{ klg lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>dsf] ¿kdf /fv]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df afn>d;DaGwL u'?of]hgfn] ;g\ @)!$ ;Dddf ;a} k|sf/sf afn>d pGd'ng ug]{ p2]Zo cl3 ;f/sf] 5 . ;g\ !(($ sf] t'ngfdf g]kfndf afn>ldssf] ;+Vof clxn] !) k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . of] k|ultnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;g\ @)!$ ;Dd xfl;n ug'{kg]{ nIo k|flKtdf z+sf plAhG5, lsgeg] ;a} k|sf/sf] afn>d pGd'ng ug{ afn>d pGd'ng cleofgx¿ gf/fdf dfq ;Lldt x'g'x'Gg . afn>dsf] If]qdf g]kfndf ;lqmo cGt/f{li6«o tyf /fli6«o :t/sf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+Vof @ ;o $) gf3]sf] 5 . pgLx¿n] ;/sf/;“u ;dGjo ub}{ ljleGg ultljlwx¿ ;Grfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . afn>dsf] l:yltdf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;'wf/ x'“b} uP klg ;+:yfx¿sf] afSnf] pkl:ylt / pgLx¿sf] ;lqmotfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] nIo k|flKt kof{Kt dfqfdf eg] x'g g;s]sf] g} dfGg'k5{ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgs[i6 k|sf/sf afn>dnfO{ nlIft ub}{ afn>dsf] l:ylt eofjx ePsf lhNnfx¿df ## j6f sfo{qmdx¿ ;Grfng eO/x]sf] >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . dGqfnosf cg';f/ ut dfr{df hL6Lh]8sf] ;xof]udf ;Grflnt afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfof]hgfaf6 sl/a !# xhf/ afn>ldsx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .

b;jif]{ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfcf]jfbLx¿af6 y''k|} afn;}Gosf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] lyof], h'g lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d pGd'ng;DaGwL cfO{Pncf] dxf;lGw g+= !*@ sf] ljk/Lt 5 .

afn>d pGd'ng ug]{ nIosf ;fy ;'? u/]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cleofgnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO{Pncf]_ n] ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;doa4 sfo{qmd -6LaLkL_ ;'? u/]sf] 5 . afn>d pGd'ng ug]{ cle;lGw !*@ df pNn]v ePcg';f/sf g]kfnsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf ;ft lgs[i6 k|sf/sf afn>d pGd'ng sfo{qmd -cfO{k]s_ n] ;/sf/, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, /f]huf/bftf / dhb'/ ;+u7g cflbnfO{ ;fem]bf/ agfO{ ljleGg @@ lhNnfdf sfo{qmdx¿ ;Grfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . lgs[i6 k|sf/sf afn>ddf afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ sd ub} nlIft ju{nfO{ k|ToIf ;]jf lbg' / lgs[i6 k|sf/sf afn>d pGd'ng ug{ ;fdflhs tyf >d;DaGwL gLlt–lgodx¿sf] ljsf; tyf ;'wf/ ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u k|bfg ug'{ g} afn>d pGd'ng sfo{qmdsf b'O{ k|d'v nIox¿ /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf ;Grflnt cfO{k]s÷6LaLkLnfO{ >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnosf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] /fli6«o kl/rfng ;ldltn] cu'jfO u/]sf] 5 . cfOk]s÷6LaLkLn] ;Grfng u/]sf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿sf] kmn:j¿k g]kfnsf] afn>dsf] l:yltdf lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ x'“b} uPsf] 5 eg] gLltut txdf klg afn>d pGd'ngdf ;xh x'g] lsl;dsf gLltx¿ Nofpg lgs} ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))^ ;Dddf cfOk]s÷6LaLkL sfo{qmdcGtu{t lgwf{l/t nIosf] *# k|ltzt 3/]n' afn>lds, ! ;o @% k|ltzt afnel/of, *& k|ltzt un}+rf afn>lds, ! ;o %# k|ltzt ;8s afnaflnsf, ! ;o #! k|ltzt vfgLdf sfo{/t afnaflnsf, ! ;o % k|ltzt cf];f/k;f/÷a]rljvgdf k/]sf afnaflnsf / *$ k|ltzt cGo If]qsf afn>ldssf] p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 .

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