Kathmandu, Bhadra 23, 2064.

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nlntk'/ . g]kfn k|]; o'lgog zfvfn] pbfx/0fLo sfo{ u/]/ b]vfPsf] 5 . xfn} ;DkGg lhNnf clwj]zgaf6 rog eO{ cfPsf] g]t[Tjn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf k|];sf] e"ldsf ljifos uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly g]kfnL sf+u|];sL g]t[ ;'hftf sf]O/fnfn] k|]; o'lgognfO{ h:tf] ;xof]u ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfOg\ . sfo{qmddf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf k"j{ cWoIf xl/x/ lj/xL, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf k"j{ ;efklt Pj+ lk|m8d kmf]/dsf ;+of]hs tf/fgfy bfxfnnufotsfn] lgjf{rgdf k|];sf] e"ldsfaf/] af]n]sf lyP . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf k|]; o'lgog nlntk'/ zfvf ;efklt d's'Gb ;'j]bLn] ;'idf sf]O/fnf n}+lus ;dfgtf k'/:sf/sf] 3f]if0ff u/] . @) xhf/ gub /x]sf] ;f] k'/:sf/ n}+lus ;dfgtfsf] If]qdf snd rnfpg] kqsf/x¿nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] 5 . nlntk'/ zfvfn] cGo zfvfx¿nfO{ ;d]t af6f] b]vfPsf] 5 .

k|x/Lsf] ;dfh;]jf

88]Nw'/f . k|x/L dxflg/LIfs cf]dljqmd /f0ffn] cl3 ;f/]sf] !! a'“b] sfo{qmdcGtu{t klxnf] r/0fdf k|x/Lsf] cfr/0f / Jojxf/ Jofks ;'wf/sf nflu gful/s ;dfh tyf /fhgLlts bnx¿;“u 5nkmn u/L 88]Nw'/fsf 8LP;kL ljqmdl;+x yfkfn] sfo{qmd NofPkl5 lbgx'“h;f] xf]–xNnf ug]{ h“8\ofxfx¿ clxn] b]lvg 5f8]sf 5g\ . lu/]sf] k|x/Lsf] 5ljnfO{ k'ghL{ljt u/L hgtfsf] k|x/L agfpgsf nflu cfkm}+af6 ;'wf/ x'g'kg]{ s'/f yfkfn] cl3 ;f/]kl5 clxn] ;a} k|x/L rf}sLdf !! a'“b] sfo{qmd / k|x/Ldf x'g'kg]{ u'0fsf af/] ;"rgf 6f;
ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 88]Nw'/fsf] cfof]hgfdf dlxnfx¿sf] ljz]if ;lqmotfdf clxn] h'jftf; / dlb/f lgoGq0f cleofg rnfOPsf] 5 . ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{, gful/s ;dfh, :yfgLo Sna, cfdf ;d"x tyf lbbL alxgLx¿sf] ;d"xn] 8LP;kL yfkfnfO{ lgoGq0fsf nflu ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ul/lbg cfu|x u/]kl5 To:tf] cleofg rnfOPsf] xf] . ;'?df ljBfyL{, gful/s ;dfh, lzIfs / dlxnfx¿sf] To;;DaGwL r]tgf ¥ofnL lgsfn]/ ;'? ul/Psf] cleofg 88]Nw'/fdf cToGt} k|efljt ePsf] 5 . cleofgcGtu{t r]s hf“r ug]{ qmddf eg;'g ubf{ klg c6]/ u/L cj}w dlb/f laqmL ug]{ / /fh:j glt/L laqmL ug]{x¿sf] dlb/f kqmfp u/L /fh:jdf ;d]t a[l4 u/fOPsf] 5 . :yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0fb]lv cfktljktdf ;d]t k|x/Lsf] e"ldsf PSsfl; km]l/Pkl5 88]Nw'/fjf;Ln] nf]stGqdf k|x/L ;f“RrLs} hgtfsf] x'g] /x]5 eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts kf6L{nufot oxf“sf a'l4hLjLsf] o:t} ;xof]u kfPdf hgtf / k|x/L gª / df;' x'g\ eGg] ;Gb]z cfkm"n] lbg rfx]sf] 8LP;kL yfkf atfp5g\ . s'g} xf]6n Joj;fodf k|x/Ln] t;f{P/ vfg] lkpg] u/]sf t 5}gg\ < egL yfkfn] Ps ljz]if xf8{6f]nLsf] u7g klg u/]sf 5g\ . k|foM cfkm}+ 58\s]df lg:sg] 8LP;kL yfkfn] k|x/Ln] To:tf sfo{ u/]df t'?Gt} cfkm"nfO{ va/ ul/lbg ;d]t :yfgLojf;L;dIf cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . ljutdf k|x/Lsf] e"ldsfk|lt gsf/fTds ;f]r / l6Kk0fL ug]{ 88]Nw'/fsf hgtfn] clxn] k|x/LnfO{ ;xof]uLsf ¿kdf x]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

/fhgLltdf dlxnf sxf“ <

1jfnL

…/fhgLlt ghfg]sf] dfG5] klg s] dfG5] <Ú eGg] pvfg w]/} ;'Gg kfOG5 . /fhgLlt ug]{n] hfnem]n ;a} hfGg'k5{ /] . /fhgLlt gLltx¿df ;a}eGbf pQd dflgG5 . pQd dflgPsf] /fhgLlt dlxnfsf nflu lsg d}q]oL aGg g;s]sf] xf] < hjfkm xf] / xf]Ogdf lbg sl7g 5 . clxn];Dd hlt klg dlxnf /fhgLltdf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] k[i7e"ldn] klg vf;} pT;fx hufpg ;s]sf] b]lv“b}g . of] kIfeGbf leGg dlxnfn] /fhgLltdf k|j]z kfPsf] dt lbg kfPkl5 g} xf] . sl/a pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLb]lv dfq} dlxnfn] dt lbg kfpg] clwsf/ :yflkt u/fPsf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . oBlk, cem} klg sltko d'n'sdf dlxnfn] dt xfNg kfpg ;j{:jLsfo{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

/fhgLlt dlxnf rfxgfleq gkg]{ ljifo eg] xf]Og . pgLx¿ grfx]/ /fhgLltdf gcfPsf] klg xf]Ogg\ . To;sf k5fl8 y'k}| sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . s]xL sf/0fx¿df– /fhgLltleq x'g] rfnafhL / hfnem]nsf v]nn] dlxnfsf] ?lr a9fpg g;Sg',, :jR5 / :jtGq ¿kdf /fhgLlt ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf gx'g', k|fs[lts lhDd]jf/L axg ug'{kg]{{ / ;dfhn] dlxnfn] g} ug'{k5{ egL 6Lsf nufOlbPsf 3/fo;L sfdsf] af]em yk x'g'n] dlxnfnfO{ /fhgLlts If]qdf k5fl8 w]s]lnlbPsf] xf] . h;n] ubf{ dlxnfn] /fhgLltaf/] g t hfGg] df}sf kfpg ;s]sf 5g\, g /fhgLlt ug{ g} .

:j¿kdf leGgtf eP klg /fhgLlt 3/b]lv ;'? x'G5 . b]z rnfpg ul/g] /fhgLlt a9L jhgbf/ x'G5 . o:tf] /fhgLlts If]qdf :yflkt x'gsf nflu ufp“sf] j8fb]lvsf] ;+nUgtfaf6 ;'? x'g yfN5 . o;sf nflu dg, dl:tis / ;dosf] w]/} pkof]u ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] t s]]Gb|;Dd cfkm\gf] k|ltlglwTj dha'b agfpg Pp6f k'?ifn] sd ldlxg]t / ;do vlr{“b}g, t/ p;sf] /fhgLlts JolQmTj aGgsf] / ;fj{hlgs x}l;ot :yflkt u/fpgsf] nflu dlxnfn] ck|ToIf / k|ToIf ¿kdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] eg] cem} d"Nof+sg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . of] t eof] kbf{ k5fl8sf] b[Zo . csf{lt/ hf] dlxnf /fhgLltdf cfO;s]sf 5g\, tL dlxnfnfO{ To; :Yffg;Dd k'Ug' dxfef/t lht]/ cfpg' hlQs} ePsf] 5 . oBlk, o; ljrf/df km/s dt /fVg ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df w]/}h;f] /fhgLltdf :yfg agfPsf dlxnf cfkm\gf glhssf JolQmsf] d[To'kl5 g} ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ . cyjf kf6L{df NofOP klg k'?if /fhgLlt1sf] k|lt:kwL{ x'g g;Sg]nfO{ a9L k|f]T;fxg ug]{ rng 5 . csf{lt/ /fhgLltdf cfO;s]sfx¿ klg 3/, kl/jf/ / ;dfhaf6 ul/g] cd}q]oL Jojxf/n] ubf{ /fhgLlts If]qdf cfkm\gf] e"ldsf ;'b[9 agfpg ;s]sf] b]lv“b}g .

/fhgLlts If]qdf cfpgsf nflu kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«sf] Joj:yfn] 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5, t/ dlxnfsf xsdf eg] cem} klg oL kIfx¿ ;sf/fTds x'g ;s]sf] kfO“b}g . of] klg dlxnfdfly x'g] /fhgLlts lx+;fsf] Pp6f ¿k xf] . dlxnfnfO{ ljz]iftM rl/q, p;sf] p7a; / p;n] kl/jf/df u/]sf] Jojxf/nfO{ lnP/ l6Kk0fL ug]{ k/Dk/f oqtq kfOG5 . olt;Dd klg eGg] ul/G5, …kmnfgL kf6L{sL kmnfgLn] t ef]6 dfUg hf“bf kmnfgf]nfO{ c“ufnf] g} xfnL .Ú o;n] /fhgLlt ug{ rfxg] / /fhgLltdf cfO;s]sf dlxnfsf] rl/qdf k|xf/ ul/G5, dlxnfsf ljjfbf:kb s'/fx¿ cufl8 ;fl/G5, h;n] dlxnfnfO{ ljrlnt agfp“5 . dfgl;s ¿kdf k|tfl8t agfp“5, h;n] pm /fhgLltdf ;lqmo x'g'eGbf aflx/ a:g ?rfp“5] . o:tf] lsl;dsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ xf] eg] dlxnfnfO{ 5'§fOPsf :yfgdf dlxnf ;b:o k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] ts{ alnof] x'g k'U5, clg dlxnf ;w}+ k5fl8 .

clwsf+z /fhgLlt1sf] cGttM k'Ug] :yfg ;/sf/sf] dGqL ag]sf] x'G5 jf kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo :t/;Ddsf] x}l;ot agfpg ?rfp“5 . To;}n] /fhgLlt ug]{ ynf] j8fb]lv s]Gb|sf] ;+;b / ;/sf/;DdnfO{ lnOG5 . To;}u/L kf6L{leqsf ;+;bLo ljefu / ;ldltx¿ /fhgLlt ug]{ d'Vo ynf]x¿ dflgG5g\ . log}} tx / tKsfdf /x]sf /fhgLlt1x¿ -k'?if_ n] b]zsf ljleGg ljifosf af/] ljrf/, /f0fgLlt / of]hgfx¿nfO{ k|jfx ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . oL :yfgdf /fd|f] ks8 agfPsf k'?if ju{ dlxnfsf zq' xf]Ogg\ / logn] hfg]/–ghfg]/ dlxnfnfO{ oL :yfgx¿df Nofpg'k5{ eGg] vf;} rf;f] /fv]sf klg 5}gg\, h;n] ubf{ dlxnfn] :jod\ /fhgLltdf :yfg agfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ eg] pgLx¿sf ;jfn klg cf]em]ndf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . k'?if ju{sf] dfgl;stfdf cfPsf] ;':t kl/jt{gn] dlxnf;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifonfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]sf] b]lv“b}g . o;sf] kl/0ffd elg“b} cfPsf] ;Eo ;dfhdf Pp6f ju{ lgs} k/ k'lu;s]sf] 5 eg] csf]{ lgs} k5fl8 . Pp6f ju{sf] jr{Zj /x]sf] ;dfh ;d'Ggt x'g ;Sb}g 5}g . To;}n] lx+;f, åGå / c/fhstf df}nfp“b} uPsf 5g\ . ;g\ !((% sf] a]Olhªdf ljZj dlxnf ;Dd]ng ul/of] . ljZjsf ! ;o *) eGbf a9L b]zsf ;/sf/x¿sf k|ltlglwx¿n] /fHosf ;a} kIf / x/]s lg0ff{os txdf dlxnf–k'?ifsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf u/fpg] k|0f u/] . To;}u/L ljZjd} dlxnfsf] /fhgLltdf /x]sf] Go"g ;xeflutfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} a]Olhª Kn]6kmfd{ km/ PS;gn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf ;b:o b]zn] ;Dd]ngdf cg'df]bg u/]sf ljifosf] nIo k|flKt / ;Gt'lnt ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{, k|hftGq ;'b[9 agfpg / k|hftGqnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] ;+rfng ug{ ;a} If]qdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTjsf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/] .

;du|df gf]l8{s /fi6«afx]s ljZjd} dlxnfx¿sf ;d:of sl/a–sl/a p:t} 5g\ . /fhgLlt dlxnfnfO{ dg gkg]{ ljifo xf] < jf o; If]qdf cfpgsf nflu ;fdflhs ;+/rgfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] 5 < dlxnf cfly{s ¿kdf ;Ifd 5}gg\ jf o; If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf kfb}{gg\ < nufotsf ;jfnx¿ p7fp“b} cWoogx¿ ug{ yflnPsf 5g\ . log} / o:t} k|Zgx¿nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfP/ /fhgLltdf dlxnf ljifodf vf]hljg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .

blIf0f Pl;ofnL b]zx¿sf dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts ;xeflutf ljifodf ul/Psf] Pp6f cWoogn] kfls:tfgsf] s]Gb|Lo / k|fGtLo txdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj !^ bzdnj gf} k|ltzt, >Ln+sfdf tLg bzdna b'O{ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L :yfgLo txdf a+unfb]zdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj @# bzdnj #! k|ltzt, ef/tdf sl/a @^ k|ltzt -s]xL /fHodf eg] $) eGbf a9L_ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L kfls:tfgdf #)=!@ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;f] cWoogn] g]kfndf :yfgLo txdf cf7 bzdnj kf“r / >Ln+sfdf sl/a b'O{ k|ltzt /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . ;g\ !((( df g]kfnsf] k|ltlglw;efdf kf“r bzdnj gf} k|ltzt /x]sf] cWoogdf pNn]v 5 . ;g\ @))^ sf] km]a|'c/L;Dd blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6«sf ;+;bdf dlxnf ;b:ox¿sf] k|ltzt !! bzdnj ;ft dfq 5 . ;g\ @))% df ljZjel/ u/L !^ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ ;+;bsf ;b:o agfOPsf lyP . tLdWo] gf8f]{ b]zx¿df ltgLx¿sf] ;V+of $) k|tlztn] pRr /x]sf] lyof] eg] c/a b]zx¿df -hgj/L @))% ;Dd_ ^ bzdnj kf“r k|ltzt dfq k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] lyof] . /fhgLltdf dlxnfnfO{ cu|;/ agfpg s]xL b]zsf ;/sf/L :t/df u7g ul/g] ljleGg ;ldltx¿df dlxnf clwsf/sf ljifox¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ ul/Psf] x'G5, t/ d"n ldof]sf ¿kdf /x]sf] /fhgLltdf g} dlxnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg ca hf]8 lbg'k5{ . x'g t dlxnfnfO{ Nofp“bf g} dlxnfsf ljifon] dxŒj kfpg ;S5g\ / < eGg] k|Zg klg rf]l6nf] x'g ;S5 . /, o;df s]xL ;Totf klg xf]nf . o; kl/k|]IonfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ /fhgLltdf k|j]z ul/;s]/ :yfg agfPsf dlxnfn] klg dlxnfsf ljifodf ulx/f] rf;f] / cWoog ug'{ h?/L Psflt/ x'G5 eg] csf{lt/ k'?ifsf] dlxnfk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f a'em\b} /fhgLltdf cfpg rfxg] dlxnfsf nflu dfu{ k|z:t ug{ kxn ug'{ h?/L 5, h;n] dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] pkl:yltnfO{ pknlAwd"ns agfpg ;S5g\ . w]/}h;f] /fi6«x¿df clwsf+z kf6L{sf] sfd ug]{ s]Gb| x'G5g\ / ljz]if lsl;dsf] Rofgnaf6 /fli6«o ljwfossf nflu k|j]z u5{g\ . /fhgLltdf k|j]z u/fpg] bL3{sfnLg / :yfloTj tl/sfx¿ kl/jt{g u/fpg /fhgLlts kf6L{leqsf jf aflx/sf dlxnfx¿ ;+ul7t / ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ .

hgtfsf] xftdf k/]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkq

s]bf/ ;'j]bL

xfdLnfO{ cfhsf] 7fp“df k'u]sf] x]g{ !% xhf/eGbf a9L hgtfn] k|f0f cfx'lt lbPsf 5g\ . To;sf nflu xfdL ulj{t 5f}+ . tkfO+{ hgtfsf] of] alnbfgL e"ldsfk|lt xfdL ;w}+el/ cfef/L 5f}+–/xG5f}+ .

k|r08ky lsg <

of] ;+Vofsf hf]–hf] dg'{eof], pxf“x¿nfO{ d[To'kl5sf] dfu{df s'g} cj/f]w gcfcf];\, laWg–jfwf gk/f];\, d/]kl5 hxf“ k'Ug'ePsf] 5 / ce}+m cl3 a9\g vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 eg] d[To'kl5sf] Tof] uGtJo hLljt cj:yfsf] eGbf ;xh xf];\, hLljt /x]sf] cj:yfsf] eGbf a9L ;'v–;on k|fKt xf];\ egL ;a}sf] kynfO{ PsLs[t u/L xfdLn] …k|r08kyÚ lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf 5f}+ . of] b]zdf hf] hLljt x'g'x'G5, pxf“x¿ klg Ps lbg dg'{x'G5, gd/] dfl/g'x'G5, of] kSs} 5, lsgeg] xfdLn] km]l/ cfGbf]ng 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5f}+, To;kl5 pxf“x¿ sxf“ hfg] < clxn];Dd s'g} /fhgLlts bnn] d[To'kl5sf] ofqfsf] o:tf] ky lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ . Pp6f dfG5] d5{–dfl/G5, of] :jfefljs k|lqmof xf] . t/, d/]–dfl/Pkl5 pgLx¿ s'g af6f] sxf“ hfg] eGg] dfcf]jfbLn] dfq} o:tf] ky lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . To;sf nflu xfdL uf}/jflGjt 5f}+ .

DFFG5] Ps lbg d5{, gd/] dfl/OG5, of] j}1flgs tYo xf] . o:tf] tYonfO{ a'e\mbfa'e\mb} klg ltgLx¿sf nflu s'g} ky lgdf{0f gx'g' j:t'ut, ljifout / P]ltxfl;s e"n lyof] . cGo ;a} bn oxL e"nleqsf] /ge'Nndf /x]sf] a]nf xfdLn] To;nfO{ ;RrfPsf 5f}+ . of] kydf lx“8\g s'g} klg alnbfgLnfO{ s'g} laWg–afwf gk/f];\ egL xfd|f #% xhf/ ;]gf lxtof/;lxt ;ts{ 5g\ . oxL 7fp“af6 xfdL pxf“x¿nfO{ To:tf] s]xL k/] ;"rgf lbg cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ . xfdL ;a}nfO{ b[9tfk"j{s ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5f}+– hf]–sf]xL klg dg{–dfl/gaf6 g8/fpgf];\, d/]–dfl/Pkl5 tkfO{+x¿sf] uGtJo cGttM ;'/lIft 5 . k|r08ky j/k/ s'g} laWg–afwf kg]{ 5}g . To;sf] ;a}eGbf e/kbf]{ pbf/x0f xf]– xfdLn] xltof/ a'emfPs} 5}gf}+ . …vf]nfn] aufof]Ú, …cfuf]n] 89fof]Ú eGg] s'/f t ;+;f/nfO{ dfq elgPsf] xf] eGg] s'/f tkfO+{ alnbfgL hgtfnfO{ 1ft g} 5 . of] s'/f af“r]sfx¿n] t kTofPsf 5}gg\ eg] dg'{ePsfx¿sf] lbJocfTdfn] kTofpg] s'/} 5}g . ;+:ff/nfO{ 9f“l6Psf] s'/fnfO{ tkfO{+x¿n] kTofpg' x'Gg eGg] s'/fdf xfdL 9[9 5f}+–/xG5f}+ .

cGo bn / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] cGt/

ln+uLo, hftLo, lje]bLo, k|fGtLo / k|fb]lzs ¿kn] dg{–dfl/gaf6 aRg'ePsf jf dg'{–dfl/g'ePsf cfb/0fLo lbbL–alxgL, bfh'efOx¿ †

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg Psflt/ cGo bn / csf{lt/ dfcf]jfbL aLrdf x'“b}5 . elgPnf of] k|lt:kwf{ ;dfg ¿kn] x'“b}5 . ha;Dd of] e|d sfod /xG5 ta;Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] cGt/j:t', To;sf] j}lzi6\o, To;sf] ufDeLo{T / To;af6 cfpg] kl/0ffdsf] cf“sng ug{ ;lsGg . To:tf] cf“sng ug'{ ;txL dfq x'g hfG5 . ;txL cf“sngn] alnbfgL hgtfsf] alnbfg v]/ hfg]] 5, alnbfgLx¿sf] alnbfgsf] ckdfg x'g]5 . xfdL o;f] x''g glbg r§fg eP/ pleg] 5f}++ . xfdL eGb5f}+– xfdLnfO{ c¿ kf6L{;/x gdflgof];\ . xfdL cfu|x ub{5f}+– cGo bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr w]/} leGgtf 5 . tL w/} dWo]sf k|d'v leGgtfnfO{ o;/L a'e\mg'kb{5 M

–cGo bn lgz:q 5g\, xfdL;“u xltof/ 5 .

–cGo bn;“u /fHosf] dfq ;]gf 5, xfdL;“u /fHosf]afx]s cfk\mg} klg ;]gf 5 .

–cGo bnn] xltof/ af]Sg kfp“b}gg\, To;f] ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ /fHon] g} /f]s]sf] 5– xfdLnfO{ rflx“ xltof/ af]Sg /fHon] g} 5'6 lbPsf] 5 .

–cGo bn /fHosf] sfg'g dfGb5g\– xfdLrflx“ cfk\mg} sfg'gcg';f/ rNb5f}+ .

–cGo bnsf] Pp6} dfq Wo]o 5, xfdLnfO{ kmsfpg'–xfd|f] Pp6} dfq Wo]o 5 . xfdL s'g} klg xfntdf gkmlsg' .

–cGo bn hgtfdfemaf6 cfPsf x'g\– xfdL h+undfemaf6 cfPsf xf}+ .

bn:–cGo bn eG5g\– x/]s s'/fsf] lg0f{o hgtfnfO{ ug{ lbg'k5{ . xfdL eG5f}+– caf]w hgtfnfO{ o:tf] lg0f{osf] ef/L af]sfpg'x'Gg, ;a} s'/fsf] lg0f{o xfdLn] g} ug'{k5{ .

–cGo bn eG5g\– r'\gfjdf k"j{ ;t{ /fVg'x'Gg, xfdL eG5f}+– k"j{ ;t{ g/fvL r'gfj ug}{ x“'b}g .

–cGo bn eG5g\– Psk6s ;+emf}tf ePkl5 km]g{' x'Gg, xfdL eG5f}+– ;+emf}tf eg]s} k6s–k6s k]mg{sf] nflu xf] .

–cGo bnsf sfo{stf{sf] d'v l56f] rN5, xfd|f sfo{stf{sf] xft l56f] rN5 .

PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf hgtf ;r]t dfq} xf]Og, w]/} ;r]t 5g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 . ;r]t hgtf cfk}mn] cGo bn / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf o:tf leGgtfsf a'“bfx¿ vf]Hb}–yKb} hfg' xf]nf . oL s]xL gd'gf dfq x'g\ .

;+ljwfg;ef xfd|f] dfq} dfu xf]

lklN;Psf, blnPsf, ;tfOPsf, gËfOPsf, n'l6Psf, s'l6Psf, dfl/gaf6 af“sL /x]sf, dfl/g l7Ss kfl/Psf / dfl/Psf ;a} vfn] bfh'efO, lbbL–alxgLx¿,

;+ljwfg;ef xfd|f] dfu xf] . $@ a'\“bf lnP/, %@ ;fndf xfdLn] ;x/a:tL 5f8]/ h+un k|j]z u/]sf] ^$ ;fndf 7\ofSs} !@ jif{ eof] . /fdn] !$ jif{ jgjf; a;]h:t} xfd|f] klg To;sf] s]xL jif{ sdsf] dfq alnbfgL agjf; ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] p7fPsf] of] dfu clxn] ;a}sf] dfu ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] alnbfgL agaf;sf] sd d"Nof+sg ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] of] alnbfgL agaf;L Oltxf;sf] xfdL pRr sb/ ub{5f}+ . of] xfd|f] dfu !@ jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ /lxcfPsf] 5 . oxLa]nf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]lsof] . h]7df x'g'kg]{ r'gfj d+l;/df x'g] eof] . h]7df ePsf] eP xfdL Tof] r'gfj lhTg] lyof}+, t/ d+l;/df x'“bf xfdL s]xL cK7]/f]df k/]sf] s'/f ;a}n] a'em]sf 5g\ . h]7df ePsf] eP xfd|f] ;/sf/df pkl:ylt @ dlxgfsf] dfq x'g] lyof] . d+l;/df x'“bf gf} dlxgfsf] x'g]5 . xfdLdfly o:tf] 3f]/ cGofo ePsf] 5, ul/Psf] 5 . k5fl8af6 5'/f /f]lkPsf] 5 .

;+;bLo k4ltdf xfdLn] cfk\mg} k|sf/sf] ljlzi6tfo'Qm z}nL ckgfPsf 5f}+ . hf] h'g 7fp“df 5g\, ltgn] cfk\mg} k|sf/n] sfd ug{ ;s]gg\, ul//x]sf] of] z}nL h]7df r'gfj ePsf] eP hgtfn] kQf] kfp“b}g lyP, d+l;/df x'“bf o;sf] cEof; b]Vg] cj;/ kfP . xfd|f] ljz]if k|sf/sf] of] rfl/lqs leGgtfnfO{ hgtfn] klg a'lem;s]kl5 pgLx¿ h;/L ljt]sf] !) jif{ xfd|f] sfdk|lt cfZj:t eP/ xfd|f ultljlwnfO{ hLjgz}nLdf 9fln;s]sf lyP . xfdL ;/sf/df uP/ ckgfPsf] of] ljlzi6 rl/qsf] klg To;/L g} cEof; e};s]kl5 r'gfj u/f}+, lgwf{/0f ePsf] ldlt s]xL k/ ;f/f}+, ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug'{k/] klg u/f}+ elg“bf /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o :t/df oqf] sf] xf]nf lsg < hgtfn] ufDeLo{;fy / w}o{tfk"j{s a'e\mg'kg]{ s'/fsf] cGt/lglxt ljifoj:t'sf] cGt/j:t' oxL xf] . xfd|} dfuadf]lhd x'g nfu]sf] ljifodf xfdLNf] g} s]xL k/ ;f/f}+ eGbf gdfGg' eg]sf] :jb]zL–ljb]zL if8\oGq xf] . To;sf/0f xfdLNf] @@ a'“bf cl3 ;f/]sf] xf}+ . h+un k|j]z ubf{sf] $@ a'“bfeGbf 7\ofSs} cfwf a'“bf x'g\ oL . xfdLn] cGttM nrstf;fy a'“bf 36fPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f] of] nrstfnfO{ sdhf]/L g7flgof];\ .

u0ftGq 3f]if0ff u/]/ u0ftGqsf] r'gfj lsg <

u0ftGq eg]sf] Pp6f /fHo Joj:yf xf] . To:tf] uxg s'/fsf] Joj:yf ug{ @#* jif{b]lv lklN;Psf, s''l07t hgtfnfO{ lhDdf lbOof] eg] eb|uf]n x'G5 . s:tf] /fHo Joj:yf cjnDag ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o xfdL g]tfx¿n] g} ug'{k5{ . hgtfnffO{ b'Mv lbg'x“'b}g eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . of] eof] eg] hgtfn] s'g} lg0f{o lbg s]xL af“sL g} /x“b}g . To:tf] Joj:yf u/]/ x'g] r'gfj hgtfsf nflu ;lhnf] x'G5 . xfdLn] hgtfsf] 1fg, ;Lk, lg0f{o Ifdtf / pgLx¿sf] alnbfgL tyf ;dk{0f efjnfO{ Wofg lbP/ g} of] lg0f{o u/]sf xf}+ . xfdL s'g} klg xfntn] hgtnfO{ b'Mv lbg rfx“b}gf}+ . To;} sf/0f r'gfjcl3 g} u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ u0ftGqsf] nflu r'gfj u/f}+ eGg] k|:tfj cl3 ;fl/Psf] xf] .

;/sf/df xfd|f] e"ldsf

;+;f/el/sf nflu ;/sf/df klg xfdL 5'§} e"ldsfdf /x\of}+ . alnbfgL hgtfn] of] s'/f klg x]l//xg'ePsf] x'g'k5{ . ha;Dd xfdL ;/sf/df k'u]sf lyPgf}+, Tolt a]nf;Dd s] elg“b} cfOGYof] eg] ;/sf/df /x]/ ljkIfLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{x'Gg . ;+;f/el/sf] of] dfGotfnfO{ g]kfndf xfdLNf] g} klxnf]kN6 ablnlbof}+ . o;f] u/]/ xfdL yk uf}/jflGjt ePsf 5f}+ . ;/sf/sf k|jQmf xfd|} kf6L{sf lyP . pgs} ;"rgfsf cfwf/df ;+;bdf ;/sf/n] ah]6 k|:t't u¥of] . Tof] ah]6df ;a}eGbf a9L vr{ x'g] dGqfno xfd|} efudf lyP . Tof] ah]6 kfl/t ePsf] egL ;/sf/sf tk{maf6 hfgsf/L u/fpg] dGqL klg xfd|} lyP, t/ ;+;bdf xfd|} kf6L{n] Tof] ah]6 c:sLs[t u¥of] . of] xfd|f] dxfg\ alnbfgL sfd xf] . o:tf] k|of]u ;+:ff/d} /x]g5 . xfd|f g]tfx¿ ljb]z -;'Oh/n]08_ uPsf] a]nf lgs} rrf{ / k|z+;f eof] . xfdLN]f eGof}+– of] g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 z}nL xf], h;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] :yflkt u/]/ b]vfOlbPsf 5g\ . ljb]zLx¿n] d':s'\/fp“b} of] z}nLnfO{ cfk"mx¿n] klg cg's/0f ug]{ af/] ;f]Rg] wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\ . xfd|f g]tfx¿n] Toxf“ of] z}nL l;sfpg'ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sf, hfkfgn] klg of] z}nL l;Sg kfpg] lyP, xfd|f g]tfx¿ Toxf“ hfg tof/ klg x'g'ePsf] lyof] . t/, pgLx¿n] le;f g} lbPgg\ . gf]S;fg pgLx¿nfO{ g} eof] .

cGoq st} klg ;Qf¿9 bnsf sfo{stf{x¿n] k|zf;sx¿dfly ef}lts sfaf{xL u/]sf], ug{ lbPsf] pbfx/0f /x]g5 . xfd|f g]tfx¿ ljb]z uPkl5 of] s'/fsf] o:tf] k|rf/ eof] ls To;kl5 pgLx¿n] klg o;nfO{ cg'z/0f ug]{ ljifo egL k|ltlqmof lbPsf 5g\ . cg'z/0f eP–gePsf] rflx“ a'e\mg af“sL 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yf ePsf 7fp“df sfo{sf/L k|d'v– k|wfgdGqL ;j]{;jf{ x'“bf/x]5g\ . xfdLN]f pgLx¿nfO{ l;sfOlbof}+–k¥of] eg] k|wfgdGqLdfly xftkft ug{ klg kl5 kg{'x'Gg .

dfcf]jfbL h'g a]nfb]lv ;/sf/df uof], ;+;bdf uof] To;} a]nfb]lv b]zdf ;/sf/, ;+;b / ;8ssf 5'§f5'§} e"ldsf x'g'k5{, 5'§f5§} ¿kn] cf–cfk\mgf 7fp“af6 kIf–ljkIfsf] sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotf :yflkt u/]sf 5f}+ . o;af6 b]zdf dfcf]jfbLn] Pp6f 5'§} k|sf/sf] gof“ ljlzi6 z}nL :yfkgf ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5, h'g s'/f o;cl3 s;}n] u/]/ b]vfpg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . ;/sf/d} /x]/ ;/sf/s} lj/f]w ug'{, cfk\mg} ;/sf/n] ;+;bdf k|:t't u/]sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cfk\mg} ;+;bLo bnaf6 lx\jk hf/L u/]/ ljkIfdf dtbfg ug'{, cfk\mg} ;/sf/n] k|:t't u/]sF] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cfk\mg} ;+;bLo bnn] ljkIfdf dt xfn] klg cGo bnn] kIfdf dt xfn]sf] sf/0f kfl/t ePsf] gLlt tyf sfo{s|dnfO{ cfk\mg} dGqLx¿n] sfof{Gjog ul//xg' ;+;bLo k4ltsf o:tf gof“ z}nL x'g\ hf] ;+;f/el/ 5}gg\, h;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfndf :yflkt g} u/]/ b]vfOlbPsf] 5 . o:tf] gof“vfn] gof“ 9+usf] sfo{z}nL k|of]u ug{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL g]kfndf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] k|of]unfO{ alnbfgL hgtfn] xflb{stfk"j{s :jfut ug'{ePsf]df xfdL To;sf] xflb{s d"Nof+sg ub{5f}+ . vf;u/L ;/sf/df /x]s} a]nf l;l8of], PlN8of] lkl6“bf, k|x/Lsf xltof/ n'l6“bf, k|x/L rf}sL sAhf ul/“bf, JolQm ck/x0f, rGbf / s'6lk6 ul/“bf tyf g]kfn aGbh:tf sfo{qmd af/Daf/ cfx\jfg x'“bf To;nfO{ hgtfn] hlt xflb{stfk"j{s lng'eof], xfdL To;sf] klg plrt d"Nof+sg ug{ rfxG5f}+ . o;af6 dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/df uPkl5 hglxtsf o:tf sfd /f]lsPnfg\ ls egL ljleGg tKsf, ju{, gful/s ;dfh / ;j{;fwf/0faf6 h:tf] lrGtf JoQm x'“b} cfPsf] lyof], To;nfO{ xfdL ;/sf/df uP/ klg vl08t x'g lbPgf}+ . o;nfO{ xfdLn] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{sf] uf}/jdo sfd egL d"Nof+sg u/]sf 5f}+ . xfn} ;DkGg v'nf ePkl5sf] klxnf] lj:tfl/t a}7s -k]gd_n] ;/sf/df /x“bfsf oL sfd–s'/fnfO{ uf}/jdo egL d"Nof+sg u/]sf] 5, h;nfO{ of] 3f]if0ffkqdfk{mt xfdL cfd hg;d'bfosf aLr k'¥ofpg rfxG5f}+ .

;a}nfO{ dfcf]jfbL x'g cfx\jfg

xfdL of] b]zsf tdfd hgtfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL x'g cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ . vf;u/L o\'jfx¿sf nflu t jfO{;LPn aGbf slt kmfObf x'G5 eGg] To;sf] k|d'vtf :jod\ k|r08 cfk}+mn] u|x0f u/]sf] cj:yfn] g} atfp“5 . dfcf]jfbL x'“bfsf kmfObfx¿–

!= dfcf]jfbL n8fs' eGgf];\, SofG6f]gdf a:gf];\, df;' eft vfgf];\, To;dfly dfl;s #% ;o lngf];\ . -1ftJo 5– of] ;'ljwf cGo s'g} bnsf n8fs'nfO{ k|fKt 5}g ._

@= jfO{;LPn eGgf];, dgnfuL n'6kf6, s'6lk6, rGbf, ckx/0f jf To:t} h]–;'s} ugf]{;\, Tof] sfd ug{ /fHon] 5'6 lbg]5 .

#= s;}nfO{ xftxltof/;lxt 3'dlkm/ ug{ 5'6 5 eg] Tof] dfcf]fjbLn] dfq kfp“5g\ . kqmfp kl/of] eg] kqmfp ug]{dfly hfOnfUg dfcf]jfbL ;f+;b g} :yndf k'Ug]5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu l;/xf 36gf .

$= ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ldfly s;}n] xftkft ug{ kfp“b}g, Tof] 5'6 s]jn dfcf]jfbLnfO{ dfq 5 . klZrdsf] sGrgk'/b]lv k"j{sf] kf“ry/;Dd To;sf pbfx/0f 5g\ . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ldfly xftkft u/]afkt ;/sf/d} /x]sf] eP klg s'g} dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{dfly s'g} sfaf{xL ePsf] 5 <

%= of] b]zdf s'g} klg Pp6f ;j{;fwf/0f s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ef}lts jf dfgl;s cfqmd0fsf] eo /fV5 eg] dfcf]jfbLafx]s c¿ s'g} bnsf sfo{stf{n] To:tf] jftfj/0f agfpg ;s]sf 5g\ <

^= h:tf];'s} ck/fw ugf]{;\, kf“rj6f cIf/ …jfO{;LPnÚ pRrf/0f ugf]{;\, d'Qm eOG5 . cem o;sf] kl/rfngsf] lhDdf :jod\ cWoIfn] lnPkl5sf] cj:yf t emg\ ;'/lIft ePsf] 5 .

&= h:tf;'s} c;fdflhs sfd ugf]{;\, b'O{j6f cIf/ pRrf/0f ub}{ …dfkmLÚ dfUgf];\, ;j{;fwf/0fn] cfk}m Ifdf lbG5g\ . cGo bnsf s'g} g]tf–sfo{stf{n] o:tf] ;'ljwf kfPsf 5}gg\ .

;'lw|Pg dfcf]jfbL cfr/0f

cflbd s];L

cf;Gg ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg lbgfg'lbg glhls“b} ubf{ klg dfcf]jfbL ;'lw|g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfsf cfwf/df r'gfjL dfxf}n to ug{ s]Gb|af6 lgb]{zg hf/L eP klg :yfgLo :t/df To;sf] kfngf ul/Psf] 5}g, h;sf k|z:t pbfx/0fx¿ :yfgLo :t/df kfOG5g\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; /f]Nkfn] yfn]sf] ;+ljwfg;efaf/] ufp“ufp“df hfgsf/Lsf ;fy} r'gfj k|;f/–k|;f/ cleofgdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] eft[ ;+u7g jfO{;LPnn] cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf] 5 . lhNnf ;efklt dfwjk|;fb cfrfo{sf] g]t[Tjdf If]q g+= ! / dxf;ldltsf ;b:o cd/l;+x k'gdu/sf] g]t[Tjdf If]q g+= @ df efb| & ut]b]lv efb| !* ut];Dd k|rf/–k|;f/ cleofg yflnPsf] lyof] . /f]Nkf If]q g+= @ sf @^ j6f uflj;dWo] !% j6f uflj;df k|yd r/0fsf] sfo{qmd k"/f eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf efb| !* ut] xf]n]/Ldf dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] em08f y'Tg'sf ;fy} /fhtGqaf/] :ki6 wf/0ff g/fVbf;Dd sf+u|];nfO{ ufp“ k:g glbg c8fg ln“b} g]kfnL sf+u|];lj?4 gf/fafhL u/]sf lyP, h;sf] lj/f]wdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; /f]Nkfn] efb| !( ut] lj/f]w h'n'; lgsfnL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf kfngf ug{ r]tfjgL;d]t lbPsf lyP .

/f]lsPgg\ dfcf]jfbL pb08 sfo{x¿

@)^$÷%÷! ut] M /f]Nkf lhNnfsf] cf]t uflj;sf] 3f]/g]6Ldf dfcf]jfbLaf6 ;~rflnt du/ft :jfoQcGtu{t gd'gf c:ktfnsf :jf:YosdL{n] :yfgLojf;L ;f]xL c:ktfn kl/;/df Jofkf/ u/L a:g] a]bk|;fb g]kfnLnfO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g] u/L s'6lk6 ug'{sf ;fy} ?= ^) xhf/ ltg]{ sfuh u/fO{ ?= @) xhf/ gub lnPsf 5g\ .

@)^$÷%÷!) M kf5afª uflj; a:g] dfgl;+x 8f“uLsf 5f]/f a}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu ljb]z uPsfn] dfcf]jfbLn] ljb]z hfg]x¿af6 ?= #) xhf/ rGbf dfu]sf] / lgh 8f“uLaf6 rGbf gkfPkl5 ;f]xL lbg /ftL dfcf]jfbLsf j8f k|d'v uug a'9fsf] g]t[Tjdf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] lghsf !@ afv|f, $ e]8f, ! xn uf]? / Pp6f e}+;L sAhfdf lnPsf 5g\ .

@)^$÷%÷!% ut] M em]gfg uflj; j8f g+= @ a:g] s'n/fh /f]sf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;dy{s ePsf] x'gfn] xf]n]/L ahf/df jfO{;LPnsf sfo{stf{n] cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g] u/L skfn d'08g u/L s'6lk6 u/]sf 5g\ .

g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;Qf ;fem]bf/ eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg o:tf vfnsf ultljlw TofUg g;Sbf To;sf] k|ToIf l;sf/ ;j{;fwf/0f ePsf 5g\ . To;f] t o:tf ultljlwaf6 dfcf]jfbL r'gfjaf6 cnlUug vf]h]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . dfcf]jfbL g t r'gfjL d}bfgdf pqG5 g t c¿nfO{ pqg lbG5 . ufp“df cem} klg hgtfn] nf]stGqsf] dx;'; ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . :yfgLojf;Lsf] u'gf;f] 5– …nf]stGq /fhwfgLdf dfq cfof], ufp“ufp“;Dd cfpg ;s]g .Ú /f]Nkfdf o:tf 36gf 36]nuQ} g]kfnL sf+u|]; /f]Nkfn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/L kLl8t JolQmx¿n] wg ;DklQ lkmtf{ ug{ / cfr/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg;d]t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ clkn u/]sf] 5 .

;+j}wflgs ;+s6sf] ;+s]t

sf7df8f}+ . ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\n] gof“ k|wfg GofowLzsf nflu l;kmfl/; u/]sf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf jl/i7 GofowLz s]bf/k|;fb lu/Lsf lj?4df ;+;bLo ljz]if ;'g'jfO ;ldltdf !^ uDeL/ ph'/L k/]kl5 ;+j}wflgs ;+s6sf] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 . pd]/ xbsf sf/0f ;jf]{Rrsf k|wfg GofowLz lbnLks'df/ kf}8]nn] z'qmaf/b]lv cjsfz kfPsf 5g\ t/ gof“ k|wfg GofowLz lgo'lQm k|lqmof cGof]ndf g} 5 . lu/LnfO{ k|wfg GofowLz agfpg] ls gagfpg] eGg] ljifodf ;'g'jfO ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf aLrdf g} ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] 5 . s]xL ;b:ox¿ xfnnfO{ ph'/L kG5fP/ eP klg pgnfO{ g} k|wfg GofowLz agfpg'kg]{ kIfdf 5g\ eg] s]xL lu/Ldfly uDeL/ cfIf]k nfu]sfn] agfpg gx'g] kIfdf 5g\ . cfh gL lu/Lsf ;DaGwdf ;+;bLo ljz]if ;'g'jfO ;ldlt ;xdltdf k'Ug ;s]g eg] lu/Ln] g} sfod'sfod k|wfg GofowLzsf] ¿kdf sfd ;DxfNg] 5g\ .