Kathmandu, Falgun 23 2064.

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– lgdsfGt kf08] –

bz jif{;Dd rn]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] lx+;fTds o'4 :yug ePsf] b'O{ jif{ k"/f x'g} nfu]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn]] o'4 :yug u/]sf] Ps jif{ gk'Ub} z'? ePsf] t/fO{jf;Lx¿sf] cfGbf]ngn] oxL+ kmfu'g dlxgfsf] ! ut]b]lv pTsif{tf k|fKt u/L rf}wf}+ lbgdf lj>fd lnPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] bzjif]{ hgo'4n] /fi6«nfO{ k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf t'ngfdf t/fO{jf;Lx¿sf] cfGbf]ngn] k'¥ofPsf] Iflt vf;} ePg, k/Gt' k|efjsf lx;fan] t/fO{jf;Lx¿sf] cfGbf]ng klg hgo'4sf] h:t} c;/bf/ eg] x'g uof] . Wj+;, xTof, cfuhgL, n'6kf6, ckx/0f, tf]8kmf]8, gfsfaGbL / cfdx8tfn nufotsf uljlwx¿ hgo'4 / t/fO{ cfGbf]ngdf ;dfg k|s[ltsf x'g uP . s'g p2]Zosf nflu hgo'4 ;'? ePsf] lyof] < Tof] p2]Zo k|flKt x'g ;s]sf] 5 ls 5}g < hgo'4sf of]hgfsf/x¿n] cge"lt u/]sf] hgo'4sf] kl/0ffd g]kfnL hgtf / g]kfn /fi6«n] cg'e"t ug{ kfPsf] 5 ls 5}g < oL dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ hgo'4sf of]hgfsf/x¿n] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lbg' k5{ eGg] bfloTj ;lDemg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

o'4 / cfGbf]ngx¿ lglZrt nIosf ;fy ul/G5g\, ul/g' kb{5 klg . k/Gt', nIo k|flKt slt ;Dej 5 / slt c;Dej 5 eGg] s'/fsf] j:t'ut ljZn]if0f gu/]/ ul/g] o'4 / cfGbf]ngx¿ sd kl/0ffdbfoL t/ a9L IflthGo

x'g k'Ub5g\ eGg] s'/f bzjif{sf] hgo'4n] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ kf7 l;sfPsf] 5 . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjn] hgo'4nfO{ kl/0ffdbfoL ePsf] bfjL ul//x]sf 5, k/Gt' clxn] k|fKt kl/0ffd @)$& ;fnsf] eGbf vf;} k[ys 5 eGg] s'/f hgtfn] cg'e"t ug]{ cj:yf 5}g . @)$& ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] tTsfnLg lgb{nLo k+rfotL Joj:yfsf lj?4df cfGbf]ng u/]sf] lyof], Tof] cfGbf]ngn] k+rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGTo, bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'g:yf{kgf / /fh;+:yfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs agfpg] sfd u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} Tof] cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn]nfO{ ;Qfdf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] bzjif]{ hgo'4n] @)$& ;fnsf] pknAwLnfO{ u'dfpg] k[i7e"ld tof/ kf¥of], clg km]l/ ToxL u'd]sf] pknAwL k|fKt ug{ / sf+u|]; / Pdfn]nfO{ k'gM ;Qfdf k'¥ofP/ !@ jif]{ s"zf;gsf] k'g/fj[lQ u/fpg lg0ff{os 7fp“ lnof] . clxn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf] k'R5/ ;dft]/ s'zf;gsf] c+lzof/ aGb} g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] hgo'4sf] nIonfO{ lal;{lbPsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLn] hgo'4sf] nIo lal;{g' / t/fO{jf;Lx¿n] )^# df3 @ ut] b]lv cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hnfp“b} pb\3f]if u/]sf] k|lta4tf / cfGbf]ngsf] Ph]08fnfO{ ltnf~hnL lbP/ 7"n} pknAwL xfl;n u/]sf] 8+sf lk6\g' nueu p:t}–p:t} ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] hgo'4 ;'? ubf{ k|:t't u/]sf gf/fx¿ r6Ss} lal;{lbPsf] 5 . /fli6«otf / gof“ hgjfbsf] gf/fdf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ hfu?s agfP/ …cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/Ú / …hftLo tyf If]qLo :jfoQtfÚ sf u'lnof s'/fx¿n] hgtfnfO{ n7\ofP/ dfcf]jfbLn] cGttM /fhgLlts j}rfl/s ljrngsf] af6f] k5\ofof] . dfcf]jfbLs} l;sf] t/fO{sf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] ug{ k'u]sf 5g\ .

t/fO{sf g]tfx¿n] …;Dk"0f{ dw];– Ps k|b]zÚ / …cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/Ú eGg] h:tf gf/fdf t/fO{af;L hgtfnfO{ n7\ofP/ cfGbf]lnt u/fP . cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f t/fO{n] dfq geP/ ;Dk"0f{ b]zn] Iflt a]xf]g'{ k¥of] . t/ t/fO{jf;L hgtfnfO{ Tof] k|flKt ePg g} . h;/L dfcf]jfbLn] gof“ hgjfbsf] gf/f 5f]8]/ hgo'4sf] la;h{g ug{ k'u] 7Ls To;}u/L …;Dk"0f{ dw];–Ps k|b]zÚ sf] gf/f 5f]8]/ t/fO{sf g]tfn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ la;h{g ug}{ k¥of] . o'4 jf cfGbf]ngdf Jofks hg;xeflutf u/fpgsf nflu gf/fx¿ to ug]{ /fhgLlts k/Dk/fn] cfd hgtfdf /fhgLltk|lt gsf/fTds k|efj kg'{ :jfefljs x'G5 . !) jif]{ hgo'4n] lbPsf] kl/0ffd / t/fO{sf] cfGbf]ngn] lbPsf] kl/0ffddf leGgtf s] /x\of] < o'4 jf cfGbf]ngsf ;+rfnsx¿n] ;dLIff ug'{ h?/L 5 .

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] pb\3f]if ubf{ b]zdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;/sf/ lyof] . ev{/} k'g:yf{lkt k|hftGqn] ;+:yfut ¿k lng gkfp“b} To;sf lj?4 xltof/ p7]kl5 Tof] k|hftGqsf] d[To' x'g' :jfefljs lyof] . h'g k|hftGq -lul/hf ;/sf/_sf lj?4 dfcf]jfbLn] xltof/ p7fof] ToxL k|hftGq -lul/hf ;/sf/_ nfO{ k'g:yf{lkt u/]/ 7"nf] pknAwL xfl;n ul/Psf] e|d km}nfP/ hgtfnfO{ a]js'km agfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . t/fO{jf;Lx¿sf] cfGbf]ngsf] lgolt klg ToxL g} eof] . u[xdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf dfu ub}{ yflnPsf] cfGbf]ngn] ToxL u[xdGqLnfO{ dfnf nufP/ ;Ddfg ub}{ oyfl:yltdf lrQ a'emfpg' kg]{ t/fO{af;Lx¿sf] afWotfn] cfGbf]ng lg/y{s lyof] eGg] s'/fnfO{ k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbL hgo'4n] r]tgf hufPsf] cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ xltof/sf ¿kdf t/fO{ If]qdf pkof]u x'g k'Uof] . of] r]tgfn] csf]{ -sf]zf]ef]_ hGdfpg] vt/f klg TolQs} alnof] aGb} u}/x]sf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLs} r]tgfn] hfu?s ePsf t/fO{jf;Lx¿ …Ps dw]z, Ps k|b]zÚsf] gf/fdf n¶LP/ g]kfn /fi6«nfO{ ljv08gsf] pTsif{df k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . 7"n} pknlAw 7flgPsf dfcf]jfbL / t/fO{jf;Lsf cfGbf]ngx¿ g]kfnsf] cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg]{ c:qsf ¿kdf kl/0ft x'“b} uPsf 5g\ . x]/f}+ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgwf{l/t ldlt r}q @* kl5sf lbgx¿ g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf nflu s:tf] ;Gb]z lnP/ cfpg] x'g\ < k|ltIff t ug}{ k¥of] Sof/] ††

s] r'gfj xf]nf t <

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u0f]zdfghL k~rfotnfO{ lj/f]w ug]{ ;Gbe{x¿df Pp6f pkdfk/s syf ;'gfO/xg'x'GYof] . Pp6f dflg; v'nf rf}/df lb;f a:g] / vfg] sfd Ps}k6s ul//x]sf] lyof] . csf]{ dfG5]n] glhs} uP/ cfZro{sf ;fy ;f]Wof], æef]hgfno / zf}rfnosf sd{ Ps}k6s ug]{ ltdL s:tf] c;Eo dfG5] .Æ …c;EoÚn] hjfkm lbof], æef]s nfu]sf] lyof], lb;f klg nfu]sf] lyof], vfg lbg]n] olta}n} NofOlbP ===Æ OToflb . hjfkm ;'g]kl5 cfZro{ dfGg]n] g} ofrgf ug{ yfNof], æTo;f]eP dnfO{ klg b]p g t vfp“ =====.Æ

;+;bLo Joj:yf / ;+j}wflgs zf;gsf lj?4 P3f/ jif{;Dd xltof/ p7fPsf] dfcf]jfbLsf] …kf]lh;gÚ cfh of] syfdf cfZro{ dfGg] dfG5]sf] h:t} 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] …;+;bjfbLÚ eg]sf] bnx¿sf] kf]lh;g eg] ef]hgfno / zf}rfnfosf] sd{ Ps}k6s ug]{ dfG5]sf] h:t} ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL hf]k|lt cfZro{ / lj/f]w htfO/x]sf] lyof], p;};“u h'7f] vfgf dfu]/ vfg k'u]sf] 5 . p;n] zflGt k|lqmofsf] sDan cf]9]/ slyt …k'/fgf] ;QfÚsf] dfgf] vfg' rflx“ clxn];Dd cfZro{ eO/x]sf] 5 . csf]{ cfZro{– b]z cfh oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ubf klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g]df …zª\s}Ú 5 .

dfcf]jfbLn] cfºgf] agfPsf] /]l8of] g]kfndf d+unjf/ ljxfg k|;fl/t k|r08sf u'?, dfcf]jfbLsf d"w{Go g]tf tyf l;4fGtsf/ df]xg j}B -ls/0f_sf] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf k|Zg ul/of]– ær'gfj x'G5 ls x'“b}g <Æ g]tfn] pQ/ lbP, ær'gfj x'G5, ls6]/} eGg t ;lSbg, t/ clxn] b]z r'gfjsf] af6f]df nfu]sf] 5 .Æ cl3Nnf] lbg dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n], ær'gfj x'g]df zª\s} 5Æ eg]sf lyP . ;'lg“b}5, dfcf]jfbL …jfd tfnd]nÚdf cfºgf] /fhgLlts s;/t nufO/x]sf] 5, t/ Pdfn] tof/ 5}g . Pdfn]sf] zt{ 5, )%^ ;fnsf] cfdr'gfjdf Pdfn]n] lht]sf :yfgsf nflu tfnd]n x'g ;Sb}g . cGo :yfgdf Pdfn]n] cGo jfd 36sx¿k|lt tfnd]nsf] Gofof]lrt Jojxf/ ubf{ p;n] :jo+k|lt cfTd3ft / cGofosf] kL8f ef]Ug' klg x'“b}g .

dfcf]jfbLn] vf]h]sf] jfd tfnd]ndf Pdfn] ;l/s ePg eg] r'gfj x'g]df dfcf]jfbLsf] …zª\sfÚ / …ls6]/ eGg g;Sg]Ú zAbfjnL km]l/ …ljyf]lNb5f}“Úsf] zAbdf ¿kfGt/ x'g] ;Defjgf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . ptf Pdfn] )$* ;fnsf cfºgf g]tf dbg e08f/Ls} dfgl;stf af]s]/ a;]sf] 5 . :j= e08f/L lgs} b"/bzL{ tyf hgtfnfO{ cfºgf] kf6L{df cfsif{0f ug{;Sg] g]tf /x]5g\ . Pdfn]n] pgnfO{ To;} …hgg]tfÚ eg]sf] xf]Og /x]5, cfhsfn d"NofÍg u5{' . pgn] /fhf jL/]Gb|nfO{ e]6]kl5 eg]sf lyP, æ/fhf;“u /fhsLo zlQm dfq xf]Og, k|efjsf] zlQm klg x'“bf] /x]5 . /fhf klg Pp6f zlQm xf] eGg] d}“n] dfg]“ .Æ @)$* ;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf jfd tfnd]ndf hgdf]rf{nfO{ s]xL :yfg 5f]8]/ r'gfj ;DkGg u/]kl5 ltg} …hgg]tfÚn] eg]sf /x]5g\, æw/x/fsf] 6'Kkf]af6 b"/aLg nufP/ vf]Hg'kg]{ kf6L{nfO{ Pdfn]n] olt u¥of], t/ cfh d]/f] la/fnf]n] d};“u Dofp“ †Æ jfd tfnd]nsf] cf}lrTo ca 5}g eGg] g]tf e08f/Ln] h;nfO{ tfnd]n rflxof] p;n] Pdfn]df k|j]z u/] ;j{xf/f zflngtfsf ;fy xflb{s :jfut 5, eg]sf] klg e]§fOof] . nfUb}5, cfhsf] Pdfn] oxL cjwf/0ffdf c8]sf] 5 .

jfd tfnd]n ePg eg] ;ftbnleqaf6} r'gfj ljyf]lng] k|jn ;Defjgf 5 . …/fhf / k|ltufdL zlQmn] r'gfj ljyf]N5g\Ú egL /]l8d]8 bf]if tof/ u/]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] bf]if yf]kg]{ df}sf gkfP/ bf]if v]/ kmfNg'kg]{ lrGtfn] cfkm} le8\g nfu]sf] h:tf] b]lv“b}5 . pm lgjf{rg cfrf/ ;+lxtf ldr]/ r'gfj k|rf/sf] axfgfdf r'gfjs} cf}lrTodfly 3ft k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . cGo ;fgf jfdbnx¿ klg dfcf]jfbLs} l;sf] ub}{5g\ .

r'gfjsf] lbg glhls“b} 5, t/ r'gfjL /ldtf / ?jfjf;Lsf b[Zo b]vfkl//x]sf 5g\ . cfgGbLb]jL To:tL dlxnf g]t[ x'g k'lug\, h;sf] gfd s;}n] aGb;"rLdf /flv;Sof] . cfkm} uP/ cfkm" ;lxtsf] kf6L{sf] aGb;"rL k]z ug{ vf]Hbf pgn] kfOgg\ / Gofosf] vf]hLdf cbfntsf] 9f]sf 9S9Sofpg k'Ug'k¥of] . lgjf{rg cfof]u ;ftbnsf] lgjf{rg ljefu h:tf] eP/ lgl/xkg b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . ;ftbnLo ;QfnfO{ 3/af6 nfz klxn] lgsfNg' kg]{ xf] ls hGtL klxn] g} cfOk'Ug] x'g\ eGg] xtf/f] / r§f/f]n] ;tfO/x]sf] 5 . k|hftflGqs zlQm of] xtf/f] / r§f/f]df sdhf]/ aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 .

u0ftGqsf] l/Qf] 9\jfª\ af]s]/ ;ftbn r'gfjdf hfg] t/v/ b]vfp“b}5g\ . t/ r'gfj x'g]df pgLx¿leq} ljZjf; b]lvGg . u0ftGqsf lj?4 PSnf] ¿kdf eP klg /fk|kf g]kfnn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] Ph]08f af]s]/ r'gfjdf hfg] t/ jt{dfg cGtl/d ;+ljwfgnfO{ gdfGg] h'g lgwf] u/]sf] 5, a¿ of] lg0f{on] /fhgLlts Odfgbf/L af]s]sf] 5 .

ha ;+ljwfg;efsf] rxnkxnsf aLr k|hftflGqs zlQm :vlnt, ?U0f Pj+ js{txLg aGb} hfg yfNb5, ;+ljwfg;ef h;sf] cf:yf, lgi7f / ;}4flGts cfwf/ xf]Og, /fHo ;+rfngsf] k4lt klg xf]Og eg] k|hftGqjfbLx¿ s'g cfsif{0f b]v]/ jf af]s]/ r'gfjdf hfg'kg]{ hf]8 ub{5g\ < ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjn] ;+;bsf] r'gfjh:tf] u'0f:t/eGbf pGgt / ljsl;t ¿k b]vfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . b'lgof“ b]v]sf, d'n's hfg]sf, ;+ljwfgsf] dxŒj a'em]sf, ;+j}wflgs zf;gsf hfgsf/, /fhfb]lv ;dfhsf] clGtd JolQm;Ddsf] lgikIf tyf j}1flgs d"NofÍg af]s]sf dflg;x¿ of] r'gfjdf ;l/s x'gaf6 k5fl8 xl6/x]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwf;gefsf] e"ldsf ga'em]sf / /fhgLltnfO{ k]zf agfpg vf]Hg] rl/qx¿sf] 6Ss/ / sf]nfxn 5 . eujfg\ hfg] † cem} #% lbg 5, To;aLrdf s]s] /ldtf / b'3{6gf b]Vg'kg]{ xf], nIf0f ldNb}5 .

hflt, ;Dk|bfo / gf]6sf] k|efjdf r'gfj

– rGb|k|sfz aflgof“ –

o;k6s DofUbL uOPsf] lyof]–aGw'e]nfsf] lgx'+df, t} klg O{i6ldq cfkmGtx¿sf aLrdf afSn} /fhgLlts rrf{ kl/rrf{x¿ eP, ul/P . ljleGg hf]8 / sf]0faf6 r'gfjL c+s ul0ftsf] cf+sng, d"Nof+sg / hf]836fp ul/of] . g]skf Pdfn], g]kfnL sf+u|]; / /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf] lqkIfLo zlQm ;Gt'ng /x“b} cfPsf] DofUbLdf kl5Nnf] ;dodf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d]t hah{:t pkl:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 / To;n] k'/fgf] zlQm ;Gt'ngdf s:tf] km]/abn NofO{lbPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 e};s]sf] 5}g . ;f+u7lgs lx;fan] DofUbL lhNnf g]skf Pdfn] alnof] /x]sf] 7fp“ xf] eg]/ dflgG5 . @)$* / )%! sf] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf ljhoL /x]sf] Pdfn] @)%^ df eg] k/flht ePYof] / To;sf] sf/0f kf6L{ ljefhg g} lyof] .

@)%^ tfsfsf] g]skf dfn]sf] eGbf sd;]sd rf/u'0ff a9L zlQm cfh{g g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] cg'dfg DofUbLaf;Lx¿sf] /x]5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] alnof] pkl:yltn] ;a} kf6L{x¿nfO{ w]/yf]/ gf]S;fg k'¥ofP klg ;aeGbf 7"nf] 3f6f g]skf Pdfn]nfO{ k'¥ofpg] d"Nof+sg / /fk|kf g]kfnsf] r'gfj alxisf/sf] lg0f{on] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ lgs} pT;flxt agfPsf] lyof] . lgjf{rg k|lqmof ;'? gx'“b} ljho pT;j dgfpg] l:yltdf /x]sf] sf+u|];nfO{ lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL aGg] /fk|kf g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] lg0f{on] k'gM Psk6s ;fO{hdf NofO{lbPsf] 5 . /fk|kf g]kfn lgjf{rg n8\g] g} ef] eg] To;n] gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] sf+u|];nfO{ g} xf] .

ljrf/, bz{g / l;4fGt afx]s cGo s'/faf6 a9L k|efljt x'g] dtbftfx¿sf] ;+Vof sf+u|]; / /fk|kfdf g} cTolws /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . oL b'O{ kf6L{x¿sf] zlQm ;Gt'ng s;/L ;f6km]/ x'g;S5 eGg] s'/f @)%! / @)%^ sf] ;+;bLo lgjf{rg kl/0ffdsf] t'ngfTds l;+xfjnf]sg ubf{ :ki6 x'G5 . )%! sf] dxflgjf{rg /fk|kfn] !@ xhf/eGbf a9L dt k|fKt u/]/ låtLo :yfgdf cfp“bf g]kfnL sf+u|]; (÷!) xhf/df ;Lldt ePYof] . @)%^ sf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] !% xhf/ dt k|fKt ubf{ /fk|kf *÷( xhf/df ;Lldt x'g k'u]Yof] . ;do, kl/l:ylt, pd]bjf/ / cGo bfpk]rsf cfwf/df oL b'O{ kf6L{x¿sf] dt e08f/ slxn] otf / slxn] ptf axlsg] u5{ . jfd ljefhgsf sf/0fn] alnof] l:yltdf /x]sf] sf+u|];nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] ;jf]{Qd ;fwg /fk|kfsf] alnof] pkl:ylt ePsf] x'gfn] o;k6s p;sf] r'gfjL cleofgdf cj/f]w k'¥ofpg] d'v{tf jfdkGyLx¿n] cjZo ug]{ 5}gg\ . /fk|kf g]kfn / /fk|kf /f0ffaLr tfnd]n eof] / k"j{k+rx¿ dWo] eLdk|;fb uf}rg jf ?b|axfb'/ s];LdWo] s'g} Pshgf d}bfgdf pqg] xf] eg] g]kfnL sf+u|]; / /fk|kf dWo] sf] cufl8 hfG5 eg]/ k"jf{g'dfg ug{ sl7g x'g]5 .

xf] o;k6ssf] lgjf{rg lhTg ;Sg] g]skf Pdfn];“u tLgj6f alnof sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . ;f+u7lgs lx;fadf p;nfO{ ;a} k|ltåGbLx¿n] alnof] dfG5g\ . lhNnfdf Pshgf dfq} dlxnf pd]bjf/ klg Pdfn]s} l5g\ / lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofsf] em08} cfwfcflw lx:;f cf]u6\g] du/ ;d'bfosf] PSnf] pd]bjf/ klg Pdfn]s} 5g\ . /fk|kf g]kfnsf] pkl:yltn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] l:ylt vNalng' / du/ ;d'bfosf] PSnf] pd]bjf/ /x“b}df g]skf Pdfn]n] ;f]r]h:tf] p;sf] l:ylt alnof] e}xfN5 eg]/ 9'Ss;“u eGg eg] ;ls+b}g . of}6f la;{g} gldNg] s'/f s] xf] eg]/ 3f/, /fZj', kftn] v]n, 3tfg, k'nfrf}/, l;+uf, tfsd / Hofd?ssf]6 h:tf If]qL afx'g ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf /x]sf uflj;x¿ g} g]skf Pdfn]sf] alnof] hgfwf/ /x]sf If]qx¿ x'g\ . g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 udaxfb'/ >L; / g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 vfdjL/ ua'{hfsf] pd]bjf/L vfdaGbL e};s]sf] l:yltdf DofUbLsf] If]qL afx'g ;d'bfon] k|ToIf lgjf{rgdf klg du/ ;d'bfos} pd]bjf/nfO{ lhtfpg slQsf] ?rfpnf s'GgL < lgjf{rg ljz'4 /fhgLlts d'2fsf] cfwf/df dfq} cjZo nl8g] 5}g . hflto / ;fDk|bflos efjgf ehfpg] k|oTg ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] ug]{ g} 5g\ . s'g} hfltut ;d"x jf If]q ljz]ifdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; / /fk|kfsf] :ki6 hgfwf/ 5}g . ;a}lt/ 5l/P/ /x]sf] dt ugLl6kL ug'{kg]{ l:ylt tL b'O{ kf6L{sf] 5 eGbf km/s kb}{g . g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] hgfwf/ blnt ;d'bfodf alnof] b]lvG5 / To; ;d'bfon] ;Dk"0f{ dtbftfsf] @) k|ltzt cf]u6\5 . Tof] dt vf]l;gaf6 hf]ufpg ;Sof] eg] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] l:yltnfO{ klg sdhf]/ cf+Sg ldNb}g . /fk|kf / g]kfnL sf+u|];sf pd]bjf/x¿n] vr{g] gf]6sf la6faf6 ck|efljt /xg ;Sg] u/L dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] dte08f/sf] j}rfl/s w/ftn slQsf] alnof] agfPsf] 5 s'lGg < ;dfg'kfltssf] l;6df blnt ;d'bfosf af}l4s o'jf ;'efif ljZjsdf{nfO{ cl3 ;f/]/ lgjf{rg cleofgdf nfUg ;s]sf] eP p;sf] l:ylt lgs} ;'b[9 x'g] lyof] xf]nf .

b]ze/s} /fhgLlts l:yltsf] hf]8 36fp ubf{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] d'Vo cfwf/ /x“b} cfPsf] dWo] t/fO{af6 dxGy 7fs'/ / ljho uR5bf/h:tf k|efjzfnL g]tfx¿sf] kf6L{ kl/Tofun] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ g/fd|f];“u Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . t/ kxf8L O{nfsfdf jfdx¿aLr x'g] dtljefhgn] t/fO{df a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] Ifltsf] vftfk"lt{ x'g ;Sg] l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . ;fdfGo l:yltdf, l;+uf] d'n'ssf] eGbf leGg l:ylt DofUbLsf] klg /xg] s'/f ePg . g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] Pdfn]nfO{ lkmi6f]hqf] klg gb]Vg] / g]skf P]dfn]n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ b]Vb} g]b]Vg] l:yltn] gfkmfdf /xg] g]kfnL sf+u|]; g} xf] . t/ klg /fk|kf g]kfn lgjf{rgsf] d}bfgdf ;Dk"0f{ zlQmsf ;fy plqof] eg] of] lgjf{rg g]kfnL sf+u|];sf nflu klg …kmnfdsf] Ro"/fÚ ;fljt x'g ;S5 .

lgjf{rgsf] cv8fdf plqPsf ;a} kf6L{x¿n] cf–cfkm\gf] l:ylt ;'b[9 /x]sf] bfjL u/]klg rf/} kf6L{sf] l:ylt aL; pGgfO{;s} /x]sf] :jtGq ko{j]IfsLo cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . cyf{t\ olta]n} lgjf{rg kl/0ffdsf] k"jf{g'dfg ug'{ lgs} ufx|f] 5 . kf6L{, ljrf/ / bz{geGbf a];L hflt, ;Dk|bfo / gf]6n] lgjf{rg kl/0ffd otfptL kfg{df dxŒjk"0f{ / lg0ff{os e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ b]vfGb]lv -gh/cGbfh_ ug{ ldNb}g . …o;k6s kf6L{x¿n] d}bfgdf ptf/]sf pd]bjf/x¿sf] JolQmTj, af}l4stf / nf]slk|otfsf cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;efdf kmnfgf] jf ltnfgf]nfO{ k7fpg} k5{ eGg] efjgf cfddtbftfdf hufpg ;lsg] l:ylt 5}gÚ eg]/ g]skf Pdfn] ;Da4 Pshgf a'l4hLjLn] ukmufkms} l;nl;nfdf JoQm u/]sf] ljrf/nfO{ klg cGoyf cy{df lng ldNb}g . To;}n] o;k6ssf] lgjf{rgdf kf6L{ / ljrf/eGbf c? s'/fx¿ g} k|efjsf/L / lg0ff{os x'g;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt DofUbLsf] r'gfjL /fhgLltdf b]lvbf] /xg]5 . b]zsf krxQ/} lhNnfdf o:t} l:ylt t xf]nf < cflv/ ;dfh ;+/rgfdf leGgtf s'g lhNnf kf] 5 / <

/fhf ca ¿= Ps nfvn] ;:tf †

8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{{+

…s;nfO{ s] sf] wGbf, 3/Hjf“O{nfO{ vfgsf] wGbfÚ eg] em}+ dnfO{ rflx+ k|To]s jif{sf] ah]6 cfPkl5 /fhf / /fhkl/jf/sf] vr{df slt 36\a9 eP5 eGg] cft'/ nfU5 . lsgeg] of] …;]tf] xfQLnfO{ kfNg xfd|f] h:tf] s+ufn b]zn] olt ljlw nufgL lsg u/]sf] xf] To;sf] cf}lrTo d}n] cfh;Dd a'em\g ;s]sf] 5}g . x'g t kf7sx¿n] of] df]/f] …sldlgi6Ú ePsfn] /fhfsf] o:tf] vf]O/f] vG5 eGg] 7fGg'xf]nf t/\ d OdfGbf/L ;fy eG5', sDo'lgHdsf] …sÚ ;'Gg'eGbf w]/} klxn] cyf{t\ :s"ndf lj1fg / ljsf;jfbsf] l;4fGt k9\g yfn]b]lv g} dnfO{ of] k'/ftg dWoo'lug ;+:yfsf] cj}1flgstf / cfw'lgs ;+;f/df o;sf] cf}lrToxLgtfsf] :ki6 af]w x'g yfn]sf] xf] . To;}n] ;f“rf] cy{df eGg] xf] eg] d sDo'lgi6 ePsfn] /fhf lj/f]wL ePsf] xf]Og, /fhf lj/f]wL ePsfn] s|Do'lgi6 x'g k'u]sf] x'“ .

h] xf];\, lg/+s'z /fhtGqfTds k+rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGTo eP/ j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ;'qkft ePkl5sf] klxnf] ah]6df /fhf / /fhkl/jf/sf] vr{df lgs} s6f}tL eof] xf]nf eGg] d]/f] ;f]emf] cg'dfg lyof] . t/ ut jif{sf] ah]6df pQm zLif{sdf ? $ s/f]8 @$ nfv % xhf/ ePsf]df o; jif{ $ s/f]8 @@ nfv (% xhf/ /x]5 . cyf{t\ ut jif{ eGbf ? ! nfv !) xhf/ sd, cyf{t\ )=))# k|ltztn] sd . cyf{t\ g]kfnL hgtfsf] lglDt lg/+s'z /fhtGq eGbf j}wflgs /fhtGq )=))# k|ltztn] dfq sd af]lemnf] .

To;f] t jflif{s ah]6df b]vfOPsf] of] vr{ xfQLsf] b]vfpg] bf“t dfq xf] . lsgls o;n] /fhkl/jf/sf] b]z / ljb]zdf ePsf] c? cyfx ;DklQ -h'g cGttM g]kfnL hgtfs} /ut kl;gfsf] pkh xf]_ af6 x'g] cyfx cfDbfgLsf] Pp6f ;fgf] c+zsf] klg k|ltlglwTj ub}{g . To;sf] ;fgf] emNsf] /fhfsf e/f}6] sfG5f efO{ wL/]Gb|sf] kx/] e/t u'?ªn] s]xL jif{ leqd} y'kfg{ EofPsf] s/f]8f}sf] ;DktLaf6 klg ldNb5 . Pp6f dfd'nL kx/]sf] Tolt ;DklQ eP p;sf] dflnssf] slt xf]nf, clg dflnssf] klg dflnssf] slt xf]nf <

cem} t'ngfTds b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtfsf ;aeGbf pRr k|ltlglw k|wfgdGqLsf] dfl;s tnj ? ^!() x'“bf]/x]5 eg] /fhfsf] dfl;s ? $ nfv, /fhfsL ;f}t]gL cfdfsf] ? @ nfv, /fgLsf] ? ! nfv, o'j/fhsf] ? ! nfv, efO 1fg]Gb|sf] %) xhf/, 5f]/f lg/fhgsf] ? %) xhf/ / 5f]/L >'tLsf] ? @% xhf/ x'“bf] /x]5 . cyf{t\ b]zsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] eGbf /fhfsL gfafns l;+ufg] 5f]/Lsf] tna eQf $ u'0ff a9L < wGo 5 of] j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds Joj:yf <

cfd hgtf;“u t'ngf ug]{ xf] eg] t emg\ ljr/f] lkpg\sf] gof“ a9]sf] tnj ? *() sf] bf“hf]df /fhfsf] tnj $%) u'gf a9L x'“bf] /x]5 . clg ;/sf/n] g} kl/eflift u/]sf] u/LaLsf] /]vf -cyf{t\ k|ltJolQm b}lgs cfDbfgL ? %=$)_ nfO{ lng] xf] eg] /fhf Pp6fsf] tnjn] @$#% hgfnfO{ / /fhkl/jf/sf] vr{n] $)*) kl/jf/nfO{ u/LaLsf] /]vfaf6 dfly tfGg ;Sbf]/x]5 . cyf{t Pp6f kl/jf/sf] ;'v ;'ljwfsf] lglDt $)*) kl/jf/ ef]s} a:g' kbf]{/x]5 . wGo xf], lji0f'sf] dlxdf †

s] ;f“Rr} g} Pp6f lkpgsf] eGbf /fhfsf] k]6 $%) u'gf 7"nf] x'G5 t < clg s] /fhfsL gfafns 5f]/Lsf] eGbf b]zsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] cfjZostf / k|lti7f $ u'gf sd x'G5 t <

;a} dfG5]sf] ;dfg Ifdtf / cfjZostf cjZo} x'“b}g . To;}n] s;}n] klg ;dfhdf lg/k]If ;dfgtfsf] jsfnt ug{ ldNb}g . t/ c;dfgtfsf] klg s'g} ;Ldf / t's t x'g'k¥of] . /fhfsf kl/jf/sf k|To]s ;b:on] ljgf sfd eQf kfpg] eP ljr/f] Pp6f lkpgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:on] lsg gkfpg] < olb /fhfnfO{ dlxgfsf] $ nfv ?lkof“ tnjn] cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ Vjfpg gk'u]/ a]Unfa]Un} eQf Joj:yf ug'{ k/]sf] xf] eg] dlxgfsf] *() vfg] lkpgsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s;/L k'U5 t <

lgod sfg'gsf] /fh gePsf] h+unL ;dfh of lg/+s'z PstGqL Joj:yfdf /fhf of zf;sn] aGb'ssf] e/df h];'s} nfb] klg s;}n] s]xL af]Ng ldNb}g, ;Sb}g . t/ sfg'gsf] /fh dflgg] cfw'lgs /fHo Joj:yf / xfn;fn}sf] hgcfGbf]ng kl5 g]kfndf cfPsf] h:tf] j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds / ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj:yfdfdf klg o:tf cj}wflgs / ;/f;/ zf]if0fk"0f{ dfGotf / ;fdflhs ;DaGw oyfjt} sfod /xg] xf] eg] hgtfsf] Toqf] alnbfgsf] cf}lrTo s] /x\of] <

clt ;Ddflgt /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|tLs lji0f'sf] cjtf/ cflb elgPsf] /fh;+:yfsf] gf+uf lj;+ultaf/] ca k|Zg ug{ kfOg] ls gkfOg] < gkfOg] xf] eg] k|hftGqsf] cy{ s] eof] t < ax';+Vos hgtf wfls{s cGwljZjf;, c1fgtf / qf;n] r'k nfu]/ a;'~h]n t 7Ls 5, t/ Pslbg pgLx¿ hfu[t eP/ p7] eg]===<

-k[i7e"ld ;fKtflxs, jif{ *, c+s (, @)$& ;fpg $_

k|r08 / uf]Otl;t e]63f6sf ;+:d/0fx?

–/fd/fhfk|;fb l;+x, cWoIf, gj hgjfbL df]rf{

cfheGbf sl/a cf7;o jif{ cl3 ef/taf6 /fhk'tx¿ cfO{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnnfO{ lht]/ To;cl3 /lxcfPsf u0f/fHox¿nfO{ Wj:t kf/]kl5 g]kfnsf hghflt / d"njf;Lx¿nfO{ bf;t'No agfOPsf] lyof] . hghflt / d"njf;LnfO{ k/fhLt u/]kl5 pgLx¿n] dw];, kxf8 / dWo If]qsf hghflt / cflbjf;LnfO{ k/flht …sf}dÚdf kl/0ft ul/Psf] lyof] . d r]tgzLn ePb]lv cfh;Dd d}n] a'em]sf] g]kfnsf] jf:tljstf eg]sf] #) k|ltztsf] &) k|ltztdflysf] sk6k"0f{ ljho g} xf] . hgtfk|ltsf] r/d pk]Iff ;fdGtL Joj:yfsf] d"n rl/q /x]sf] 5 . gd"gfsf] ¿kdf d}n] d]/f] kl/jf/, d]/f] ufp“, d]/f] ;]/f]km]/f] tyf d]/f] afNosfn / d]/f] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg ofqfdf oyfy{ b]v]sf] 5' / ef]u]sf] 5' . d]/f] lktf hod+un l;+xsf] afNosfn ef/tsf] b/e+ufl:yt dfjnL 3/df laTof] . lktf hod+un l;+xn] dxfTdf ufGwLsf] …Ps d'7L rfdn x/]s 3/af6 b]pÚ eGg] cleofgdf lqmofzLn eO{ /fhgLlt ;'? ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . kl5 pxf“ …ef/t 5f]8Ú cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g' eof] . ;g\ !($@ sf] 36gf xf], Tof] cfGbf]ngnfO{ d}n] klg glhsaf6 a'em\g] cj;/ kfPsf] lyP“ . d / efO nId0fk|;fb l;+xnfO{ 6fOkmfO8sf] pkrf/ ug{ b/e+uf k'¥ofOPsf] lyof] . To;tfsf lktfhL xfdLnfO{ 5f]8]/ k6gf hfg' x'GYof] . k6gfdf /x]sf] ljxf/ ;/sf/sf] ;lrjfnodf em08f uf8\g s]Gb|Lt cfGbf]ngdf pxf“ lg/Gt/ ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . Toxf“ uf]nL klg rn]sf] lyof] / ;fthgf cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf lyP . b/e+ufdf xfdL b'O{ hgf bfh' efOsf] pkrf/ ;d]t hf/L /x]sf] lyof] . cfGbf]ng zflGtk"0f{ k6Ss} /x]sf] lyPg . /]n tf]8\g] qmd Jofks¿kdf rn]sf] lyof] . cfGbf]ng bdg ug]{ qmddf xfdL a;]sf] 3/sf] k|fu0fdf klg Pshgf dflg;nfO{ uf]nL nfUof] . To;kl5 xfdLnfO{ b/e+ufaf6 eufOof] . Toxf“af6 efu]/ xfdL ;Kt/L sf]Onf/Ll:yt cfkm\gf] 3/df cfPsf lyof}+ . xfdLx¿ cfkm\gf] 3/ cfPsf] s]xL ;dokl5 ef/tLo qmflGtsf/Lx¿ efu]/ xfd|f] ufp“df cfPsf lyP . hok|sfz gf/fo0f / 8f= /fddgf]x/ nf]lxof klg e"ldut eP/ xfd|f] 3/df n'Sg cfpg' eof] . pxf“x¿n] kl5 lktfhLnfO{ eGg'eof] tkfO{sf] 3/df a;]/ xfd|f] sfd rNb}g . xfdLx¿ ;]gf u7g / pgLx¿nfO{ tflnd k|bfg u/L ef/tdf sfo{afxL ug{ rfxG5f}+ . To;sf nflu tflnd lbg ;lsg] 7fp“sf] Joj:yf ul/lbg'k¥of] . sf]zLsf] klZrd t6df xfd|f] 3/ lyof] . / k"j{kl§ t6df xfd|f] 7"nf] hldGbf/L lyof] . Toxf“ xfd|f] 7"nf] h+unfb klg lyof] . lktfn] ToxL+ tflnd / af;sf] nflu v/ / af“;n] 3/ agfO{ lbg' ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] s]xL ;dod} hkk|sfz gf/fo0f / 8f= /fd dgf]x/ nf]lxof;lxt ;fthgfnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u¥of] / ;Kt/L lhNnfs]f ;b/d'sfd xg'dfggu/ nUof] . qmflGtsf/L g]tfx¿nfO{ h]naf6 5'6fpg lktfsf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] g]kfnL o'jfx¿sf] Ps ;d"xn] xg'dfggu/df 7"nf] cfqmd0f ubf{ lktfsf] xftaf6 b'O{ hgf g]kfnL ;}lgssf] d[To' eof] . lktfn] g]tfx¿nfO{ 5'6fP/ ef/tlt/ ;s'zn k7fpg' ePkl5 lktfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L pxf“;“u} ;fyLx¿nfO{ sf7df8f}+df NofP/ ;]G6«n h]ndf /flvPsf] lyof] . k|wfgdGqL h'4 zdz]/ /f0ffsf] cfb]zdf lktfnfO{ e]6\g uPsf xfdL b'O{ efOnfO{ ;d]t gfafns gegL lktf;“u} Pp6} sf]7fdf s}b ul/lbPsf] lyof] . h]nhLjgsf] b'O{ jif{kl5 xfdL b'O{ hgf bfh'efOnfO{ ef/tLo efO;/fosf] kl/kqsf] cfwf/df h]naf6 l/xf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ !($& cu:t !% df ef/t :jtGq ePkl5 kl08t hjfx/nfn g]x¿, 8f= /fh]Gb|k|;fb kf08] h:tf g]tfx¿sf] cfx\jfgdf lktfhLdflysf] d[To'b08sf] d'2f ;/sf/n] lkmtf{ lnP/ h]naf6 l/xf u/]sf] lyof] . lktfhL t/fO{ sf+u|];af6 @)!% ;fnsf] cfd r'gfjdf pd]bjf/ ePklg dtu0fgfdf k/flht x'g' ePkl5 d /fhgLltdf xf]ldPsf] lyP .

b/e+ufsf] gy{ a|'ssf] dfWolds ljBfno:t/sf] lzIff, agf/; ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts ptL0f{ x'“b} lbNnL ljZjljBfnodf cWoog ug{ yfn]kl5 d]/f] hLjgn] gof“ df]8 lnPsf] lyof] . lbNnL ljZjljBfnodf d}n] cWoog ubf{ lbNnL jf:tjdf n08gkl5sf] r]tgfsf] s]Gb| lyof] . To;a]nf Pl;ofsf w]/} b]zx¿ pklgj]z g} lyP . lbNnL ljZjljBfnodf Pl;of, clk|msf dxfb]z nufot ljleGg b]zaf6 cfPsf ljBfyL{x¿ cf–cfkm\gf] b]zsf] qmflGtsf] af6f]sf] tof/Lsf nflu dfgl;s ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ tof/ kfb}{ lyP . d xfO:s"nb]lv g} /fhtGq lj/f]wL /x]sf] lyP . lbNnL ljZjljBfno glhs} lqmlZrogx¿sf] Pp6f s]Gb| lyof] . Toxf“ xfdL ;a}h;f] ljb]zL 5fqx¿ zlgaf/sf] lbgdf hDdf x'GYof}}+ . k|mfG; / a]nfotL pklgj]zaf6 cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ d'Qm ug{ To;tfsf Tof]a]nf lbNnL cGt/f{li6«o o'jfx¿sf] nflu qmflGtsf nflu lrGtg ug]{ pko'Qm ynf] g} /x]sf] lyof] .

d r] Uj]ef/fsf] cGt/f{li6«o qmflGtsf] cjwf/0ffaf6 w]/} k|efljt e};s]sf] lyP . r] Uj]ef/fs} l;4fGt cg';f/ xfdLnfO{ afx|hgfsf] Pp6f …u'l/Nnf kmf];{Ú cyf{t Pp6f o'lg6df /fvL Snf/fn] w]/} lsl;dsf] dfgl;s tflnd lbg'ePsf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ af]lnleofsf] qmflGtdf r] Uj]ef/fnfO{ ;3fpgsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof] . o;} l;nl;nfdf Ps k6s r] Uj]ef/f adf{sf] Pp6f 6fk'df cfpg' ePsf] ;dodf Snf/fn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ pxf“;“u e]6fpg n}hfpg' ePsf] lyof] . o;cl3 r] Uj]ef/f;“u s'/f ug{ d}n] qm; sf];{df k|m]Gr efiff ;d]t l;s]sf] lyP“ . b'ef{Uojz r] Uj]ef/fn] l;s]sf] / d}n] l;s]sf] k|m]Gr efiff g} km/s–km/s /x]sf] cj:yfdf xfd|f] aLrdf Snf/fn] bf]efif]sf] sfo{ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . r] Uj]ef/fnfO{ d}n] nfn;nfd u/]“, xfdLn] bl/nf] xft ldnfof}+ . kl5 r] Uj]ef/fn] dnfO{ cfkm\gf] Gofgf] c“ufnf]df af“Wg' eof], dnfO{ nfUof] ls /f]df~rs cflnËg;“u} r] Uj]ef/fsf] ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L r]tgf ddf g} ;dflxt eof] . Toxf“ xfdL b'O{ lbg;Dd a;]/ k'gM lbNnLdf g} kms]{sf lyof}+ .

hgtfaf6 cTolws ax'dtåf/f lgjf{lrt ePsf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf g]tf k|wfgdGqL ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] g]t[Tjdf u7g ePsf] ;/sf/nfO{ !* dlxgfd} ;QfRo"t ub}{ sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;efaf6} ;}lgs zlQm nufP/ lu/km\tf/ u/L b]ze/L cft+s dRrfP/ /fhf dx]Gb|n] lgd{dtfsf ;fy @)!& ;fn kf}if ! ut]sf] lg/+s'z sbdaf6 k|hftGqsf] xTof ub}{ dfgj hfltnfO{ cfkm\gf] bf; ;/x e+]8f afv|fsf] ¿kdf dfgj clwsf/ljxLg eP/ af“Rgsf lglDt PsbnLo tfgfzfxL k+rfotL Joj:yfsf] ;"qkft u/]sf lyP . oxL ;Gbe{df d}n] Snf/fdfkm{t Pp6f k|:tfj r] Uj]ef/f ;dIf k7fPsf] lyP“ . g]kfndf qmflGtsf] ;'?jft ;'j0f{ zdz]/ /f0ffn] ug{ nfUg' ePsf], …u'l/Nnf kmf];{Ú sf ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx¿ g]kfnsf] qmflGt;“u kl/lrt 5g\, g]kfnL qmflGtdf u'l/Nnf kmf];{ lsg ghfg] < o;} l;nl;nfdf r] Uj]ef/faf6 klg d]/f] k|:tfjsf] hjfkm cfof] ls qmflGtsf/L g]tf;“u tkfO{x¿ s'/f ug'{xf];\ . d}n] ;'j0f{ zdz]/ /f0ff;“u jftf{ u/]“ . t/ r] Uj]ef/f / So'jfnL qmflGt s]jn ;+of]u / tfTsflns kl/l:yltsf] pkh eGb} cGt/f{li6«o qmflGtsf] cjwf/0ffaf6 pgL klG5P . kl5 dnfO{ af]lnleof hfg] ;Gbe{df klg r] Uj]ef/fn] g]kfnd} qmflGtsf] ;'?jft ug{ lgb]{zg lbg' ePsf] lyof] . To;kZrft d g]kfn kms]{/ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] cfkm\gf] of]hgfdf ;lqmo eP“ . k|To]s qmflGt ;+j}wflgs qmflGtaf6 ;'? x'g'k5{ . To;nfO{ clx+;fTds qmflGtdf ljsl;t ug'{k5{ / clx+;fTds qmflGtkl5 :jtM ;}4flGts qmflGtdf ljsl;t e}xfN5 eGg] d]/f] dfGotf /x]sf] lyof] .

@)@* ;fndf ePsf] :gftssf] r'gfjdf d k+rfotL Joj:yfsf] /fli6«o k+rfotd} lj/f]w ug]{ Ph]G8f lnP/ lgjf{lrt eP“ . t/ @)@$ ;fnsf] o:t} lgjf{rgdf u0ftGqsf] Ph]G8fsf ;fy lgjf{rgdf v8f x'“bf lu/km\tf/ u/]/ dnfO{ r'gfjdf n8\g} lbOPsf] lyPg . @)@*;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf klg dtbfg x'“b} ubf{ dnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug{ vf]lhPsf]df dtbfg s]Gb|af6} a]kQf ePsf] lyP“ . b]ze/Lsf :gfts dtbftfx¿sf] 7"nf] ax'dtn] dnfO{ lhtfPkl5 /fhf dx]Gb|n] o;nfO{ cfkm"dflysf] r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf lnP/ lu/km\tf/ ug{ cfb]z lbP/ rf}tkmL{ ¿kdf vf]htnf; ul/Psf] ;dodf To;tfsf e"ldut ePsf] $) lbgkl5 cfZro{hgs ¿kn] d ;+;bdf k|j]z ubf{ k+rfotL ;Qfwf/Lx¿n] ;ky u|x0f ;d]t u/fpg tof/ ePsf lyPgg\ . dnfO{ r'gfjdf x/fpg g;s]sf] dfq} xf]Og, ;+;bdf hfgaf6 ;d]t /f]Sg g;s]sf]df To;tfsf k+rfotL ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL sLlt{lglw lji6af6 cfkm\gf] kbaf6} /fhLgfdf u/]sf lyP . dnfO{ ;ky u|x0f t u/fOof] t/ /fli6«o k+rfotdf /fhf / /fhfsf sbdx¿sf] lj/f]w unf{g\ eg]/ /fli6«o k+rfotsf] clwj]zg g} :ylut u/]/ ejgaf6} dnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L h]ndf nluPsf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df /x]sf] cj:yfdf dWo/ftdf g} dnfO{ p7fP/ ;}lgssf] 3]/fsf ;fy /fhb/af/df jftf{ u/]/ kbsf] nf]e nfnrdf km;fpg k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] . /fhb/af/df To;a]nf /fhf dx]Gb|n] cfkm"nfO{ ;dy{g u/]df k|wfgdGqL agfpg] k|nf]eg lbP tfklg d}n] Tof] /fhfsf] k|nf]egnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]“ . of] g} /fhf dx]Gb|sf] hLjgsf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] g}lts k/fho lyof] .

@)@$ ;fndf zflGtk"0f{ qmflGt lx+;fTds qmflGtdf ljsl;t eof] . sDo'lgi6 / sf+u|];sf] 7"nf] ;+hfn / Oltxf; lyof], t/ k+rfotL Joj:yf lj?4sf] xfd|f] ;fgf] t/ ;lqmo ;d"x sltko dfldnfdf pgLx¿eGbf cu|ufdL, ;lqmo / ;zQm /x]sf] lyof] . ax'bnLo hgjfbL df]rf{ hgdt ;+u|xdf hgtfsf] kIfdf lyof] . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] Ifdf dfuL ;s]kl5 dfq @)$@ ;fnsf] sf08 ;DkGg u/]sf lyof}+ . ef/tn] xfdLnfO{ w/ks8 u¥of] . kl5 l/xfO{ kl5 d}n] ef/tsf t6Lo j:tLdf uP/ lbg latfP“ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] dnfO{ hGds}bsf] ;hfo tf]s]sf] lyof] . r] Uj]ef/fsf] af]lnleofsf] qmflGt ;'? ug]{ bf}/fgdf d[To' eof] . w]/} kl5 pxf“sf] dTo'af/] b'lgof“nfO{ yfxf eof] . r] Uj]ef/f h:tf dxfg qmflGtsf/Lsf] d[To'af6 ljZjel/sf qmflGtsf/Lx¿df zf]s JofKt eof] . Snf/fsf] dTo' klg ljof]ufGt g} eof] . gfOh]l/ofdf kmfol/ª :Sjf8{n] Snf/fsf] xft k5fl8 af“w]/ uf]nLn] p8fPsf] kmf]6f] 6fOD; klqsfdf 5flkPsf] d}n] b]v]sf] lyP“ .

@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng clx+;faf6 z'? eP/ lx+;f tkm{ pGd'v e}/x]sf] lyof] . /fhf jL/]Gb|n] Jofks ¿kdf w]/} g/;+xf/ ug{ z'? u/]sf lyP / To;nfO{ xfdLn] lx+;flt/ pGd'v u/fpg b'O{j6f sfd u¥of}+ . Pp6f ad lj:kmf]6gsf] sfo{qmd u¥of}+ . ad lj:kmf]6g @)$@ ;fnsf] h:tf] xf]Og . xfdL zfxL ;]gfsf SofDkx¿df lj:kmf]6g ug]{ lyof}+ / pgLx¿;“u d'7e]8 ug]{ lyof}+ . xfdLnfO{ yfxf lyof], xfdL nfdf] o'4df hfG5f}+, zfxL ;]gf;“u cfdg] ;fdg] o'4 ug{sf lglDt xfdLn] xfd|f ;fyLx¿nfO{ lj:tf/ u/fO{ ;s]sf lyof}+ . ;fy;fy} ad lj:kmf]6gaf6 zlQmzfnL cfqmd0f ckl/xfo{ 5 eGg] s'/fsf] klg xfdLn] hgtfnfO{ cfZj:t u/fpg rfxGYof}+ . bf];|f] xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ b]zjf;LnfO{ cfx\jfg u¥of}+– cfcf] d;“u xftxltof/ n]cf], d;“u ePsf ad aGb's ;a} lnP/ hfcf], o;df bnsf] s'g} ;/f]sf/ lyPg, g]kfnL eP k'UYof] / p;n] xltof/ qmflGtsf] nflu k|of]u ug'{ kYof]{ . o;/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;z:q qmflGtlt/ cufl8 a9fpg] sfo{qmd e}/x]sf] a]nfdf Toxf“ km]l/ Pp6f csf]{ cGt/f{li6«o if8oGq eof] . b'lgof“sf ljleGg b]zsf /fhwfgLx¿df if8\oGq x'g yfn] . km]l/ Pp6f dWo /fqLdf Ps lsl;dsf] ckljq ;Demf}tf ul/of] . /fhtGqnfO{ vQd kfg{ e}/fv]sf] qmflGtnfO{ anft\ ;Da}wflgs qmflGtdf k'¥ofOof] / ;Demf}tfdf 6'+UofOof] . xfd|f g]tfx¿n] ;Demf}tf gul/lbPsf eP To;df ;z:q e"ldsf cfp“Yof] / To;nfO{ xfdL ;3fp k'¥ofpg] lyof}+ . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng ;fx|} g} kljq lyof] . To;sf] cfjfh xfd|f] adsf] eGbf klg a9\tf lj:kmf]6s lyof] . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ;Demf}tf gu/]sf] eP xfdL /fhtGq lj/f]wL lg0ff{os o'4df hfg] lyof}+ . To;df hgjfbL df]rf{n] cfkm\gf] ;z:q e"ldsf lgZro g} lgefpg] lyof] .

@)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 klg dnfO{ tTsfnLg cGtl/d k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{n] ljgf Ifdfofrgf ;kmfO{ lbg ;Sg' ePg . of] k|lqmof lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL x'“bf ;'? t eof] t/ k|zf;lgs 5n5fdn] d}n] dgdf]xg clwsf/L k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 dfq d[To'b08sf] cleof]uaf6 lagf Ifdfofrgf ;kmfO{ kfPsf] lyP“ . Psbzs;Dd g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] lg:s06s zf;g rnfP, t/ Tof] cjlw d"ntM e|i6frf/sf] o'u g} lyof] .

cf7 jif{ cl3 dfcf]jfbL g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e§'/fO{ / s'df/ kf}8]n Ps} ;fy k6gf cfpg' eP/ dnfO{ cWoIf k|r08hL;“u ;+jfb u/fpg' eof] . k|r08hLsf] ;+jfb lyof]–…Ps xhf/ dfcf]jfbL sdf08/nfO{ aLr zx/df /x]/ qmflGtsf] sfo{qmd s;/L ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cg'ej u/fpg' lyof] . lglZrt ltlyeGbf cl3 g} hgjfbL ;fyLx¿n] vfg] lkpg] ;'/Iff cflbsf] aGbf]a:t u/L pxf“x¿sf] cfudgsf] k|ltIff ub}{ lyP . lglb{i6 ;dodf pxf“x¿ wdfwd cfpg yfn] kl5 cWoIf k|r08nfO{ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ lyof] . pxf“n] lzlj/sf] Joj:yfk|lt ;Gtf]if JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . lbgsf] !! ah] pb\3f6gsf] ;do lyof] . bz ldg]6 cufl8 d Toxf“ k'Ubf k|r08hL lgbfO /xg' ePsf] lyof] . d}n] Toxf“ s] eof] eg]/ ;f]w]+ . …ho s[i0f uf]OthL cfOk'Ug' ePsf] 5}g . pxf“ g} dw]; d'lQm df]rf{sf] cWoIf x'g'x'G5 . pxf“ g} of] ;df/f]xsf] cfof]hs x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] pxf“sf] k|ltIff x'“b}5Ú d}n] hjfkm kfPsf] lyP“ . s]xL ;do kl5 k|r08hL lgb|faf6 Ao'“lemg' eof] . s]xL ;dosf] csf]{ k|ltIffkl5 pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …klxn] n~r vfcf}+ . ToltGh]n uf]OthL cfOk'Ug' xf]nf / sfo{qmd pb\3f6g u/f}+nf .Ú lgs}a]/sf] k|ltIffkl5 klg uf]OthL gcfpg' ePkl5 xfdLn] efif0fsf] sfo{qmd ;'? u¥of}+ . uf]OthLsf] ;jf/L ;fwg lalu|Psfn] k6gf k'Ug l9nf] ePsf] lyof] . g]kf]lnogsf] ;DaGwdf Pp6f cfVofg 5 . pgsf] ;xfos ;]gfn] lglb{i6 7fp“df k'Ugdfq kf“r ldg]6 l9nf] ubf{ pgsf] k/fhosf] >[+vnf ;'? ePsf] lyof] . hos[i0f uf]OthL To; 36gfkl5 klg qmflGtsf/L ;fyLx¿dfly ef/tdf k/]sf] d'2f, 3fOt] ;fyLx¿sf] pkrf/ tyf cGo sfo{qmdx¿ ;+of]hg ug{ ;lqmo g} /xg' ePsf] lyof] . kl5 d}n] pxf“ /fhgLlts kl/b[ioaf6 cnu ePsf] dx;'; u/]“ . uf]OthL cnu ;+u7g agfO{ /xg' ePsf] lyof] . Ps k6s uf]OthLn] dnfO{ e]6\g klg cfpg' eof] . To;a]nf d}n] pxf“nfO{ :kLG6/ u|'k ag]/ ga:g';\, d"n kf6L{nfO{ g5f]8\g';\ eg]/ ;Nnfx lbPsf] lyP“ . s]xL ;do kl5 ;lxb b]jgf/fo0f ofbj klg dnfO{ e]6\g cfpg' eof] . pxf“n] dnfO{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ 5f]8]/ uf]OthLsf] ;+u7gdf ;lDdlnt eP“ eg]/ cfkm\gf] jQmJo ;d]t b]vfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

s]xL lbgkl5 b]jgf/fo0f ef/t–g]kfn ;Ldfdf uP/ a:g' ePsf] 5 eGg] va/ kfP“ . dnfO{ lrGtf nfUof] olt TofuL / alnbfgL JolQm / pxf“sf] kl/jf/sf] Toxf“ ;'/Iff s;/L x'g ;S5 < g]kfnL ;]gfn] pxf“nfO{ uf]nL xfg]/ df/]sf lyP . ;fdfGo g]kfnL qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] ef/t g]kfn ;LdfnfO{ qmflGtsf/L sfo{sf] nflu ;'ud, ;lhnf] / ;'/lIft 7fG5 . t/ To:tf] xf]Og . pgLx¿ ;“w} vt/fdf k/]sf] g]kfnsf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . ef/tLo ;Ldfdf a:g] qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ rf/}lt/af6 bjfj /xG5 . klxnf] ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{sf], bf];|f] :yfgLo k|x/Lsf], t];|f] ef/tLo ck/fwLsf] / rf}yf] km/f/ g]kfnL ck/fwLx¿sf] bjfj qmflGtsf/Lx¿df /xG5 . o;n] sf/afxLsf] uf]kgLotfsf] /Iff ug{ ;bf ;d:of /xG5 . t;y{ qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] cfkm\gf] cfwf/ :yn s'g} klg b]zsf] ;Ldfgfaf6 6f9f agfpg' kb{5 . t/fO{sf] ;d:ofsf] h8 klg oxL xf] .

@)^@ ;fn r}qdf dfcf]jfbLsf ;jf]{Rr sdf08/ cWoIf k|r08nfO{ lbNnLdf e]6]/ 5nkmn u/L pxf“sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ d g]kfndf qmflGtsf] cf“wL a]x/L l;h{gf ug{ sf7df8f}+df cfPsf] lyP“ . k|r08 dxfg g]tf x'g'x'G5 . l9nf] gu/]/ g]kfndf u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff ug{' k5{ . dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] b]zdf qmflGt u/]/ cfPsf] sf/0f k|r08nfO{ g} ;Qf ;'Dkg' k5{ . t/ g]kfndf cfh To:tf] x'g g;Sg' g} 7"nf] if8\oGqsf] ;+s]t ePsf] 5 .

k|:t'ltM cf/s] /f}lgof/

oxfF ;a} ef/t k/:t 5g\ †

zfZjt zdf{«

…oL s:tf dfG5]x¿ x'g\ hf] cfºg} b]znfO{ cGTo u/fp“g t“5f8 d5f8 ub}{5g\ <Ú ;g\ &) sf] bzssf] jLrlt/ hj ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb cfºgf] ;fgf] l5d]sL d'n's l;lSsdnfO{ lgNg] sfo{sf] clGtd r/0fdf k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . Toltv]/ l;lSsdsf ljsfp g]tfx¿sf] xtf/f]nfO{ b]v]/ :jo+ ef/tsf Ps hgf ;dfhjfbL g]tfn] dfly pNn]lvt l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP . of] l6Kk0fLnfO{ Toltv]/sf rlr{t g]kfnL g]tf jL=kL= sf]O{/fnfn] klg j]nf jvt cfºgf ;xof]uLx¿ dfem pw[t ug]{ uy]{ . elgG5, s'g} klg d'n'ssf] ljb]z gLltnfO{ /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;}Go afx]s ef}uf]lns cj:yfn] klg k|efj kf5{ . cj xfd|f] b'ef{Uo xfdL;“u lj:tf/jfbL gLlt lnPsf] Pp6f ljzfn d'n's ef/t l5d]sLsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 eg] ToxL lj:tf/jfbL ef/tsf] ljz'4 bnfnsf ¿kdf lrlgg]x¿ xfd|f g]tfsf ¿kdf clxn] lj/fhdfg 5g\ . clxn] klg tL ef/tLo ;dfhjfbL g]tf hLljt /x]sf eP xfd|f g]tfsf ultljlwnfO{ b]v]/ l;lSsdsf g]tfx¿nfO{ u/]sf] l6Kk0fL bf]xf]¥ofp“y] xf]nf .

jf:tjdf eGg'kbf{ ef/tsf pQ/tkm{sf ;f/f l5d]sLx¿ h:t} klxn]sf] l;lSsd, e"6fg / g]kfn;“u ef/tsf] ;fdl/s :jfy{ dfq xf]O{g ls, s]xL cGo :jfy{x¿ klg uf“l;Psf] 5 . ckf/ k|fs[lts >f]tx¿ x'g' / dgf]/d jftfj/0f x'g' klg ef/tnfO{ nf]Eofpg] sf/0fx¿df k5{g\ . u+uf gbL eGbf pQ/lt/ /x]sf ef/tsf l5d]sLx¿ dWo]sf] Ps g]kfnnfO{ cfºgf] pTkfbgsf] ahf/ agfpg] afx]s oxf“sf k|fs[lts >f]tx¿af6 nfe lng'sf ;fy} oxf“sf gbLx¿nfO{ pkof]u ub}{ ef/tdf gx/x¿sf] ;Ghfn v8f u/]/ cfºgf v]t / vlnxfgx¿nfO{ ;w} hno'Qm / xl/ofnL agfO{ /fVg] cfºgf] dxTjfsf+IfL of]hgfnfO{ ;fsf/ agfpg tNnLg /x]sf] ef/tnfO{ g]kfndf cfºgf] s7k'tnLx¿ h?/t k5{ g} . To;f] t, l;lSsd eGbf klxn] g} g]kfn ef/tsf] uf“; alg;SYof] . olb ;g\ !(^@ cS6f]j/ % df tTsfnLg lrgLof“ ljb]z dGqL dfz{n r]g oLn]–…olb s;}n] g]kfndfly cfqmd0f u5{ eg] lrlgof“ hgtf g]kfnsf] kIfdf /xg]5g\Ú eGg] cleJolQm lbP/ ef/tsf] cufl8 al9;s]sf] sbdnfO{ k5fl8 gkmsf{OlbPsf eP . Oltxf; kN6fp“bf xfdLn] ef/taf6 w]/} k6s wf]vf, a]O{dfgL kfPsf] b[i6fGt k6s k6s e]6\b5f}+ . rfx] Tof] wf]vf ef/tdf /fh u/]/ a;]sf a[l6zx¿n] u/]sf x'g\ jf rfx] Tof] wf]vf :jtGq ef/tsf g]tfx¿n] u/]sf x'g\ < g]kfnn] k6s–k6s wf]vf kfPs} 5 . :jo+ c+u|]h Oltxf;sf/ lk|G;]kn] cfºgf] k':ts, 'History of Political and Military Transactions' df ;'uf}nL ;GwLaf6 g]kfndfly 7"nf] cGofo k/]sf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] ls, @# clk|n !*!% df ;'uf}nL ;GwL ;DkGg u/fpg Tolta]nfsf g]kfnsf /fi6«3ftL ef/bf/x¿sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf lyof] . 3/leqsf a]O{dfgx¿n] ;fy glbpGh]n afXo zlQm ;kmn x'g} ;Sb}g . ca xfdL g]kfnL s} rrf{ ubf{ klg oxf“sf ;Qfl;gx¿n] ;fy lbPs} sf/0f klg ef/tn] lj£g nfe lng kfPsf] xf] . rfx] /f0ffsfn xf];\, rfx] k~rfotnfO{ #) jif{;Dd l6sfpg] Toltj]nfsf ;s[o g]tfn] xf];\ jf )$^ ;fndf ax'dt cfPkl5sf g]tfx¿n] xf];\ ;a}n] cf–cfºgf :jfy{sf nflu ef/tnfO{ nfe k'¥ofPs} lyP / clxn] klg k'¥ofO{/x]s} 5g\ .

;g\ !*!^ sf] ;'uf}nL ;GwL, ;g\ !(%) sf] zflGt tyf d}qL ;GwL, ;g\ !(^% sf] xftxltof/ tyf ;}lgs tflnd ;Demf}tf, sf]zL, u08s, dxfsfnL cflbh:tf ;GwLx¿ ;a}df g]kfn 7luPsf] 5 . cfºgf] :jfy{sf] nflu b]znfO{ g} 3f6fdf kfg]{x¿ g]kfnL O{ltxf;sf x/]sf sfnv08df e]l6G5g\ . ev{/}sf] pbfx/0f lnpm“, @) nfv gful/stf ljt/0f u¥of] of] slyt nf]stflGqs ;/sf/n] . t/ s'g lx;fjn] gful/stf lbof] < Tof] @) nfv g]kfnL gful/stf ljt/0f ubf{ ;xL dfG5] sltn] kfP < ef/tLox¿sf] bjfjdf ljt/0f ul/Psf] of] gful/stf k|s/0fn] g]kfnL /fli6«otf g} ;+s6df kf/]sf] 5 .

nf]stGqsf] z'b[l9s/0fsf nflu eGb} ;ft bn ;lDdlnt ;/sf/n] ef/tsf] s[kfb[li6sf] nflu yf]s efpdf g]kfnL gful/stf a]Rof] . ca km]l/ klg eGg kg]{ x'G5 cf–cfºgf] ;Qf :jfy{sf nflu ;a}n] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otfnfO{ bfpdf /fv]sf 5g\ . sltkon] eG5g\ g]kfnnfO{ cem} l;lSsd agfO{;lsPsf] 5}g, e"6fgsf]:t/df klg cf]/flnPsf] 5}g . t/ 5ftLdf xft /fv]/ ;f]rf}+ xfd|f] d'n's l;lSsdeGbf s'g cy{df leGg 5 < ef/tLo b"tfjf;leq} ;j} s'/fsf] l5gf]kmfgf] x'g yfn]kl5 xfdL :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d d'n'ssf jfl;Gbf xf}+ eg]/ uj{ ug]{ s] cfwf/ 5 < s;}n] of] s'/f xf]O{g eGg ;S5 < ef/tLo /fhb"t lzj z+s/ d'vhL{sf] e"ldsfnfO{ s] eGg] < cfºgf] b"tfjf;df g]kfnsf ;QfkIf / ljb|f]xLx¿nfO{ af]nfO{–af]nfOsg ;xdlt tof/ ug'{ pgsf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ s'/f xf] < /fhb"t eP/ /fhb"tsf] dof{bfdf ga:g'sf] dtnj s] xf] < k|i6 5, g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf / :jtGqtfdfly of] ef/tsf] gfËf] / 7f8f] x:tIf]k g} t xf] . s] pgL h;/L eP klg r}t @* d} ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g'k5{ eg]/ eGg] x}l;ot /fVb5g < s'6gLltsf] ;fdfGo 1fg /fVg] dfG5]x¿n] ;d]t of] s'/f xfdLdflysf] x:tIf]k xf] eg]/ elg/x]sf 5g\ . l5d]sL lj:tf/jfbL 5 / xfd|f g]tfx¿ ToxL lj:tf/jfbL l5d]sLsf bnfn 5g\, / t l5d]sL lgz+sf]r xfdL dfly x:tIf]k ul//x]sf] 5 .

b]zdf ljBdfg /fli6«o ;+s6 / ;+3Lo Joj:yfsf] k|Zg

df]xgljqmd l;+x

cfh b]z k'gM uDeL/ /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] d'vdf cfP/ plePsf] 5 . )^@÷^# sf] cfGbf]ngdf k|fKt ;kmntf kl5 cfd¿kdf of] ;f]lrPsf] lyof] ls ca b]zsf utsfnsf ;a} uTofj/f]w jf ;+s6x¿sf] ;dfwfg x'g]5 / b]z gof“ / pHhjn eljiolt/ cufl8 a9\g]5 . lgZro g} Tof] @)^@÷^# sf] cfGbf]ng / To;nfO{ g]t[Tj ug]{ /fhgLlts zlQmx¿sf] /fhgLlts k|s[ltdfly Wofg lb+bf b]zdf ljBdfg cfly{s, /fhgLlts jf ;fdflhs cj:yfdf cfwf/e"t k|sf/sf] kl/jt{g ;Dej lyPg . t}klg Tof] cfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k, sd;]sd, ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g]5, u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g]5 / To;n] efjL ljsf;qmdsf nflu cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{5 eGg] cfzf lyof] . t/ kl/0ffd pN6f] aGb} uof] . jf:tjdf b]z cfh k'gM uDeL/ ;+s6sf] d'vdf plePsf] 5 . klxn] k|ltudg tyf /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;g jf lg/+s'z zf;gsf] sf/0fn] b]zdf ;+s6sf] l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] lyof] . clxn] :jo+ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿sf] u7aGwg ;/sf/sf sf/0fn] Tof] ;+s6sf] l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] 5 . To;sf/0f Tof] ;+s6nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug]{ < To;af/] xfdL uDeL/ x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

ljifodf k|j]z ug'{eGbf klxn] xfdLn] ;dfhdf x'g] pyn–k'yn /fhgLlts kl/jt{g jf To;n] lng] cu|ufdL jf k|ltufdL lbzfdf ljrf/ jf lrGtgsf] s'g k|sf/sf] e"ldsf x'G5 < To;af/] s]xL ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ;dfhdf x'g] kl/jt{g jf ljsf;qmddf lg0f{ofTds e"ldsf ef}lts jf cfly{s kIfsf] g} x'G5 . t/\ To;df, :jo+ ef}lts kIfsf] ljsf;df j}rfl/s kIfsf] dxTjk"0f{ / sltko cj:yfdf lg0f{ofTds e"ldsf /xG5 . ;du| ¿kdf ljZjsf] / ljleGg b]zx¿sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s jf /fhgLlts kl/jt{g, ljsf;qmd jf qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ klg ljrf/ kIfn] cTolws ¿kn] k|efljt ug]{ jf lbzf lgb]{z ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;sf] cy{ of] x'G5 s'g} b]zsf /fhgLlts jf ;fdflhs ljsf;qmddf a'l4hLjLx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . a'l4hLjLx¿n] xfd|f] b]zsf] /fhgLlt jf ljsf;qmdl;t hf]l8Psf] k|Zgx¿df sxf“;Dd ;xL, :ki6 / b[9 ljrf/x¿ /fVb5g\ < To;n] klg b]zsf] /fhgLlts jf ljsf;qmdsf] k|s[ltnfO{ sfkmLxb;Dd k|efljt ub{5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] /fhgLlts ljsf;qmddf a'l4hLjLx¿sf] s'g k|sf/sf] e"ldsf /xg] u/]sf] 5 < j}rfl/s ¿kn] pgLx¿sf] e"ldsf s'g k|sf/sf] /xg] u/]sf] 5 < d oxf“ Tof] s'/fsf] rrf{ kl§ nflUbg . Tof] a]Un} 5nkmn jf Oltxf;sf] d"Nof+sgsf] k|Zg xf] . utsfndf To;k|sf/sf] e"ldsf h] h:tf] /x]sf] ePklg xfdLn] eljiolt/ x]/f}+ . clttdf h] ePsf] ePklg eljiodf b]zsf ;d:of jf /fhgLlts k|Zgx¿k|lt a'l4hLjLx¿n] ;xL / ;lqmo k|sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f ckgfpg ;s]df b]znfO{ ljBdfg ;+s6af6 aflx/ lgsfn]/ cu|ufdL lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg d2t k'Ug]5 .

cfh b]zsf] ;a}eGbf uDeL/ / /fli6«o dxTjsf] k|Zg ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj g} xf] . To;l;t ;DalGwt b'O{j6f sfo{x¿ 5g\ M k|yd, ;fj{ef}d;Qf /fhfaf6 hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f . låtLo, u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf . @)^@÷^#sf] cfGbf]ngdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj / u0ftGq b'a} dfux¿ hf]8bf/ ¿kn] p7]sf lyP / tL b'a} sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ug{sf nflu b]zdf k|jn hgdt / cfwf/ klg lyof] . t}klg clxn];Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g ;s]sf] 5}g / @)^$ r}q @* ut]sf] ldltdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g]5 eg]/ klg lglZrt ¿kn] eGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . Tof] ;Gbe{df klxnf] k|Zg of] 5 M ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'g]5 jf 5}g < låtLo, ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ePklg To;åf/f /fhtGqsf] cGt / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf jf cu|ufdL ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f x'g] 5 jf 5}g < pQm k|Zgx¿af/] klg clgZrotfsf] l:ylt 5 . To; ;Gbe{df of] klg uDeL/ k|Zg p7]sf] 5 M ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjåf/f b]zsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj}ef}lds cv08tf / cl:tTjdf g} cf“r k'Ug] t xf]Og < ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf tkm{af6 x'g] if8\oGq jf bjfj, ;/sf/åf/f hGdsf cfwf/df gful/stf, hg;+Vofsf cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]qx¿sf] ljefhg / dw];sf sltko ;+u7gx¿sf tkm{af6 ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] k"j{zt{sf ¿kdf /flvPsf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ tyf Ps dw]z, Ps :jfoQ k|b]z h:tf dfux¿sf] k[i7e"lddf To;k|sf/sf] z+sf ug{sf nflu 7fp“5 .

u0ftGqsf] k|Zg g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df k|ydkN6 tTsflns /fli6«o Ph]G8fsf] ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . k|ydtM clxn] /fhfnfO{ lgnlDat ul/Psf] 5 . Tof] klg cToGt 7"nf] pknAwL xf] . To;sf ;fy}, ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/L cGtl/d Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] u0ftGqsf] kIfdf lg0f{o / /fhfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf afwf k'/fpg] s'g} if8\oGq u/]df ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjeGbf klxn] klg /fhtGqnfO{ cGt u/]/ u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ lg0f{o – tL ;a} lg0f{ox¿n] P]ltxfl;s dxTj /fVb5g\ . To;af6 ca /fhtGqsf] cGt / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf Ps k|sf/n] ;'lglZrt ePh:tf] b]lvG5 . t/ …Ps k|sf/Ú n] dfq k"0f{ ¿kn] xf]Og . s]xL ;do klxn];Dd cyf{t\ d+l;/ ^ ut] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] ldlt tf]lsPsf] a]nf;Dd, ;+ljwfg;efåf/f u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf lglZrt h:t} b]lvGYof] . b]zsf] /fhgLltdf b]vfk/]sf gof“ ;+s]tx¿, vf; u/]/ /fhfsf] k|ltufdL k|sf/sf ;fj{hlgs cleJolQmx¿, /fhfjfbLx¿sf] a9\bf] ;lqmotf / :jo+ sltko cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿, d'VotM g]sf / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf /fhtGqnfO{ sfod /fVg] jf /fhfjfbLx¿l;tsf] Pstfdf hf]8 lbg] k|sf/sf ljrf/x¿ tyf ;/sf/sf] sfo{k|0ffnL dfly ;d]t ;du| ¿kn] ljrf/ ubf{ ;+ljwfg;efåf/f cGtl/d Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] u0ftGq ;DaGwL lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjogdf uDeL/ cfz+sf pTkGg x'g uPsf] 5 . u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsf] sfo{ s]xL dlxgf klxn];Dd h'g sfo{ Psbd ;lhnf] / ;'lglZrt h:tf] b]lvGYof], Tof] sfo{ emg\–emg\ sl7g / clglZrt h:tf] b]lvG5 . Tof] ;du| l:yltnfO{ s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] of] cleJolQmaf6 a'em\g ;lsG5– …g]kfndf /fhtGq #)) jif{;Dd sfod /xg]5 .Ú e§/fO{sf]] Tof] egfO{nfO{ vfln xfjfdf t/jf/ rnfPsf] dfq eg]/ ;f]+Rg' unt x'g]5 . Tof] egfO{n] /fhtGqnfO{ sfod /fVgsf nflu e}/x]sf] s'g} uDeL/ k|sf/sf] if8\oGqsf] ;+s]t ub{5 . Tof] if8\oGqsf] ;zQm / s'zntfk"j{s ;fdgf u/]/ To;nfO{ c;kmn kf/]kl5 g} /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt ug'{ / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{ ;Dej x'g]5 . cGoyf–Oltxf; / lj1fgsf] lgod cToGt s7f]/ / lgd{d 5– /fhtGqsf] cGtsf] k|Zg Pp6f clglZrt eljiosf] ljifo aGg hfg]5 .

cGtl/d ;+;bn] ;+3Lo u0ftGqsf] kIfdf lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ul/Psf] lg0f{o ;xL 5 . t/ ;+3Lotfaf/] ul/Psf] lg0f{o unt 5 . s'/f of] dfq xf]Og ls g]kfnh:tf] ;fgf], lk5l8Psf] / cfly{s b[li6n] sdhf]/ b]zsf nflu ;+3Lotf Joj:yf pko'Qm 5}g . Tof] eGbf uDeL/ s'/f of] xf] ls To;af6 b]zdf hftLo / If]qLo lju|x, ljv08g jf g]kfnsf] ef/tdf ljnosf] vt/f 5 .

g]kfndf ;+3Lo /fHo k|0ffnL sfod eof] eg] To;af6 ;a}eGbf a9L kmfObf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbnfO{ g} k'Ug] 5 . To;}n] ef/tn] g]kfndf ;+3LotfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{sf nflu ;/sf/, ;ftbnLo u7aGwgsf a]Unfa]Un} /fhgLlts bnx¿dfly bjfj lbg] jf dw];df klg a]Unf a]Un} ;+u7gfTds 3';k}7 u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf lj:tf/jfbL :jfy{x¿sf kIfdf pkof]u ug]{ k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ;+3Lo /fHo k|0ffnL sfod u/]kl5 a]Unfa]Un} /fHox¿nfO{ k|nf]eg, bjfj / ltgLx¿leq 3';k}7 u/]/ ltgLx¿nfO{ ef/tLo ;+3df ldnfpg] bL3{sfnLg of]hgf cGtu{t g} ef/tn] g]kfndf ;+3Lo Joj:yf sfod ug{ hf]8 lbO/x]sf] s'/f ;lhn}l;t cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . l;lSsdsf] pbfx/0faf6 klg ef/tsf] To;k|sf/sf] clek|fonfO{ a'em\g ufx|f] kb}{g .

ljleGg hghflt jf If]qx¿n] b]zdf ;+3Lo Joj:yf sfod ePdf pgLx¿dflysf zf]if0f, pTkL8g jf e]befjsf] cGt x'g]5, pgLx¿sf lxtx¿sf] /Iff x'g]5 jf /fHodf pgLx¿sf] ;d'lrt k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 eg]/ ;+3Lo /fHo k|0ffnLsf] dfu ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/ g]kfndf ljleGg ju{, hg;d'bfox¿dfly e}/x]sf] zf]if0f, pTkL8g jf e]befjx¿sf] d"n sf/0f b]zdf ljBdfg ;fdGtL Joj:yf jf s]lGb|s[t / gf]s/zfxL k|ltlqmofjfbL Joj:yf g} xf] . To;sf/0f b]zdf ;+3Lo Joj:yf sfod eP/ xf]Og, ljBdfg ;fdGtL / s]lGb|s[t gf]s/zfxL Joj:yfsf] cGt eP/ To;sf 7fp“df ;xL cy{df Pp6f nf]stflGqs jf hgjfbL Joj:yf sfod ePkl5 g} ljleGg zf]lift, pTkLl8t hgtfsf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ;Dej 5 . To;sf nflu ;a} zf]lift, kLl8t ju{, hg;d'bfo jf If]qx¿sf] Pstfa4 cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostf 5 .

g]kfndf Ps ;o eGbf a9L hflt jf hghfltx¿ 5g\ . olb ;a} hfltx¿df a]Unf a]Un} /fHox¿ agfpg] xf] eg] Ps ;o eGbf a9L /fHox¿sf] u7g ug'{kg]{ 5 . clxn] k|:tfljt s]xL /fHox¿åf/f tL ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g ;Sb}g . tL s]xL /fHox¿df ax';+Vos hghfltx¿ cNkdtdf kg]{ 5g\ . To;/L ;a} hflt jf hghfltx¿sf] /fHosf] cjwf/0ff Pp6f lbjf:jKg dfq x'g]5 . Tof] afx]s If]qLo cfwf/df ;+3Lo /fHosf] lgdf{0f k|f/De ePkl5 Tof] l;nl;nf nuftf/ a9\b} hfg]5 / g]kfn s}of}+ 6'qmfx¿df af“l8g] 5 . pQm ;a} s'/fx¿ dfly Wofg lb+bf b]z, hgtf tyf b]zsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}ldstf / cv08tfsf] /Iffsf nflu ;+3Lotfsf lj?4 Jofks hgdt / cfGbf]ng ;+ul7t ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

cGtdf ;+lIfKtdf eGg'kbf{, cfh b]z k'gM uDeL/ ;+s6sf] d'vdf plePsf] 5 / To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu Jofks ;+ul7t / ;r]t k|oTgsf] kxnsbdL /fli6«o cfjZostf aGg uPsf] 5 .

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ut jif{ ef/t / cd]l/sfaLr cf0fljs pmhf{ ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf eof] . To;sf] a'em]/ xf] jf ga'em]/ ef/tLo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] lj/f]w u/] . cf0fljs zlQm ;DkGg /fi6«x¿n] rf+xL rgfvf] eP/ x]/] . lsgls ef/t;“u c0f' pmhf{s} ;jfndf dfq ;Demf}tf ubf{ cd]l/sfnfO{ zt k|ltzt 3f6f 5 . o;sf k|d'v s]xL sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . h;df ef/t;“u cf0fljs pmhf{ lgsfNg] sRrf / To;sf] >f]t 5}g, p;“u ePsf cf0fljs e§Lx¿ ;a} cd]l/sL k|ljlw eGbf km/s 5g\ . lsgsL ef/t;“u ?;L OlGhlgol/ª k|ljlw ckgfP/ agfOPsf e§Lx¿ dfq} 5g\ . o; cy{df cd]l/sf cfkm\gf] cGt/f{li6«o :jfy{df lnKt eO{ ;s];Dd hfn xfg]/ kmfObfsf] sf/f]af/ u5{ eg] ef/t If]qLo :jfy{df /x]sfn] To;nfO{ k"tL{ug]{ nf]edf ;LcfO{Psf] hfndf km;]sf] 5 .

ljZjsf] jt{dfg zlQm /fhgLltdf cd]l/sfsf] bDe cufl8 cfp“5 / If]qLo zlQmdf ef/tsf] o'4 zlQmsf] dfkg k|0ffnL geP klg ?;, rLg, k|mfG; / a]nfot cd]l/sf eGbf sd 5}gg\ . eGg ;lsGg clxn] klg ;g\ !(^@ em}+ So'jf / ;g\ !(%)÷%# df sf]l/ofnL o'4df em}+ cd]l/sf pQ/ sf]l/of jf O/fg;“u k/flht x'g ;S5 .

k|;+u blIf0f Pl;ofdf ;LcfOP / …/Ú aLrsf] bf}+t/L lsg eof] / cfO{P;cfO{ ;“usf] ;DaGw ;LcfO{Pn] s;/L tf]8\of] eGg] ;jfndf s]Gb|Lt x'g vf]h]sf] xf] . o; af/]df ;LcfO{Psf] hf;';L /0fgLlt / :jfy{ l;4 ug]{ p;sf] tf}/tl/sf ;+lIfKt ¿kdf a'em\g' kg]{ x'G5 .

O/fgdf /fhf zfx /]hf kNnjLnfO{ u4LTofu u/fpg ;LcfO{Pn] cfoft'Nnfxsf] g]t[Tjdf ;kmn ljb|f]x u/fof] . ptf jfy kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf O/fsdf qmflGt ;DkGg eof] . ;'?df ;LcfOPn] ;2fd x';]gnfO{ dnhn u¥of] . O/fgsf] ;Qfdf h;/L ;LcfOPsf] uf]kgLotf /x\of] O/fssf] ;jfndf /x]g . k|ltåGbL ;f]leot ;+3n] lj:tf/} s]hLjL dfkm{t ;2fdnfO{ ks8df lnof] . /, ;LcfO{P z}nLdf O/fgL ;Qfdf klg k8s sfod u/fp“b} uof] . ;LcfOPsf] 3';k}7 aubfbsf] ;Qfdf /x]sf] t]x/fgnfO{ yfxf lyPg . ptf t]x/fgsf] ;Qfdf s]hLjL 3';]]sf] aubfbnfO{ yfxf lyPg . cd]l/sf / ;ef]lot;+3aLr ljZjdf bfbflu/L b]vfpg] pGdfb r'lnPsf] a]nf O/fgaf6 ;LcfOP k8s x6fpg ;g\ !(*) df s]hLjLn] O/fglj?4 cfqmd0f ug{ ;2fdnfO{ nufof] . ljZjk|lz4 hf;';L sf08 -jN8 km\ofS; :kfO{ :S6Nof08_ k':tssf cg';f/ s]hLjLsf] /0fgLltaf/] ;LcfO{P cgle1 lyof] . ;LcfOP rfxL+ ckmuflg:tfgsf] k7fg Onfsfdf ;g\ !(&@ b]lv g} O:nflds n8fs" hGdfP/ O/fg, O/fs / ckmuflg:tfg ;Ldf If]q dfkm{t ;f]leot ;+3leq wfld{s o'4 5]8\g] nIodf lyof] . cnsfobfsf jt{dfg g]tf ljg nfb]g To;a]nf hlGdPsf ;LcfOP k|lzlIft n8fs" x'g\ . of] s'/f yfxf kfP/ ;g\ !(&% d] b]lv s]hLjLn] 8f= gflh a'Nnfxsf] g]t[Tjdf ckmufgL o'jfx¿sf] 7"nf] b:tfnfO{ ;f]leot ;+3d} nu]/ j}rfl/s / 5fkfdf/ k|lzIf0f lbg nfu]sf] lyof] . O:nflds /fi6«af6 ;LcfOPsf] kQf;fkm u/fpg ;g\ !(&* sf] cGTob]lv s]hLjLn] ckmuflg:tfgdf 5fkfdf/ o'4 rnfof] . ?;L kmf}hsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfdf 8f= gflha'Nnfxn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] jfdkGyL 5fkfdf/ zlQmn] /fHo;Qf sAhf u¥of] . ptf aubfbaf6 ;LcfO{P ks8nfO{ z"Godf emf/]kl5 dfq s]hLjLn] ;2fdnfO{ O/fg lj?4 o'4 n8\g psf;]sf] lyof] . o;sf] leqL cGt/syf nfdf] 5 .

s]hLjLn] O/fgdfly ;LcfOPsf] df]x e+u u/fpg cfkm\gf] ks8sf O/fgL hg/nx¿ dfkm{t xltof/sf] v]k af]s]/ cfO/x]sf] cd]l/sL ;}Go hxfhnfO{ ;d'b|d} Wj:t kf¥of] . To;kl5 ;LcfOP O/fg / O/fsaf6 kl5 x6]/ ckmufg If]qdf s]Gb|Lt eof] . s]hLjLn] ;g\ !(** df cf7 jif]{ O/fg–O/fs o'4 aGb u/fof] / ckmuflg:tfgdf t}gfy nfnkmf}hnfO{ lkmtf{ u¥of] . OZnflds /fi6«df /fd|/L km;]sf] ;LcfO{Pn] klg ckmufgL d'hflxl2gsf] ;fy 5f]8]kl5 nfdf] ;do;Dd p;sf] ;lqmotf b]lvPg, k|of; eg] hf/L /x\of] . tflnjfg / ;2fd ;Qfsf] cGTokl5 clxn] cd]l/sfsf] l:ylt Toxf“ ;'b[9 5, O/fgdf afx]s .

cd]l/sfn] ljZjsf s'g} klg /fi6«nfO{ rf]vf] lgotn] ;xof]u u/]sf] Oltxf; 5}g . zLt o'4tfsf lxGb rLgdf k}m“nbf] jfdkGyL nx/nfO{ /f]Sg / abgfd ug{ zfGt d'n's sDaf]l8ofdf qmflGtsf/L g]tfsf] ¿kdf ;LcfOPn] kf]nkf]6nfO{ pbo u/fO{ ;Qf sAhf ug{ u'Kt ;xof]u u¥of] . p;sf] leqL lgot leotgfd o'4df xf/]sf] abnf lng / sDo'lgi6x¿ qm'/ x'G5g\ eg]/ k|rf/ ug{ kf]nkf]6sf] sf“wdf aGb's /fv]/ k8\sfpg' lyof] . kf]nkf]6n] ;LcfO{P dfu{ cg'¿k zfGt leotgfddfly cfqmd0f u/], hgxTof u/] . of] yfxf kfPkl5 leqL ¿kdf lrlgof u'Ktr/ ;+:yf u'ofga'n] sDaf]l8ofnL /fh;+:yfnfO{ alnof] agfpg] sfd u¥of] . of] ;a}sf cufl8 5n{Ë ePsf] ;To xf] .

ljZjsf h'g b]zdf cd]l/sL u'Ktr/ ;+:yf l;cfO{P 3';]/ ;Qfl;gx¿;“u ;f“7uf“7 u/]sf] 5 tL b]zx¿ cfh åGbsf] e'd/Laf6 km'lTsg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . 6f9fsf xfO6L, kgfdf, Olyof]lkof, ?jf08f, l;o/flnof]g, a'?08L o'uf]:nfleof / glhssf O/fs, blIf0f Pl;ofdf cfO{P;cfO{;“u ;f“7uf“7 Tofu]/ …/Ú ;“u p lsg nxl;of] eGg] af/]df s]xL :jfy{ b]lvG5g\ . klxnf] xf] Jofkfl/s :jfy{ . h;df c0f' ;Demf}tfkl5 ;Z:qf:qsf] 7"nf] qm]tf ef/t b]v]sf] 5 . ;}Go ah]6 / cfjZostf kfls:tfgsf] t'ngfdf ef/tsf] t]Aa/ 5 . ljQLo If]qsf] Jofkf/ klg ef/tsf] 7"nf] 5 . bf];|f] xf] …/Ú dfkm{t rLg lj?4sf] ultljlw . o;df rLg kfls:tfg gfsf eGbf g]kfn rLg gfsf kmf}hL b[li6n] dfq xf]Og ef}uf]lns b[li6n] klg ;xh 5 . To;sf] nflu …/Ú dfkm{t g]kfndf s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf ug]{ ;fy;fy} k|fb]lzs lav08g Nofpg] b]lvG5 . /fi6« ljv08gaf6 hlDdg] ljb|f]xdf /fi6«;+3 dfkm{t e"ldsf v]Ng' p;sf] /0fgLlt x'g;S5 . t];|f] xf]– DofGdf/df e}/x]sf] ef/tLo Jofkf/df 3';]/ Toxf“ g]kfndf em}+ /fhgLlts ljb|f]x u/fpg' . g]kfn rLg eGbf DofGdf/ rLg gfsf x/]s b[li6n] ;/n 5 . o;af6 s] a'lemG5 eg] kfls:tfgL /fi6«k|d'vaf6 d';/{km kb\Ro"t x'g] lalQs} Toxf“ ztk|ltzt åGb / czflGt a9\g] 5 . Tof] x]/]/ …/Ú n] v'lRrª eGg' l;jfo s]xL pknAwL xft kfg]{ 5}g . a? ;a}eGbf a9L Iflt g]kfnn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . lsgsL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl5 h:tf];'s} ;/sf/ ag]klg Tof] …/Ú sf] s7k'tnL k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf x'g]5 . p;n] h;/L eP klg ef/tsf] lgb]{zg dfGg} k5{ . ptf cd]l/sfn] zlQm /fi6«sf] gftfn] ;lhn} rfx]sf] sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 . g]kfn dfldnfsf] ljifodf …/Ú / ;LcfO{Psf] Ps} b[li6sf]0f x'gf;fy g]kfnsf] lr;f] lxdfnL If]q sf];f]ef] em}+ tfTg ;S5, t/fO{af6 g]kfnL d"nsf kxf8] k'/} x6\g' kg{ ;S5 . hgfwf/ / cf}sft lagfsf dflnssf] g]tfsf] ;fd' hDnfxft ub}{ hL xh'/L ug]{ ;ftbn / jt{dfg ;/sf/n] efjL 5lj k|i6 kfl/;s]sf 5g\ .

…/Ú / ;LcfO{PaLrsf] gof“ u7aGwgsf] cy{ lxdfno kj{tdfnf d'gLsf] If]qdf ljb|f]x hGdfpg' xf] . kfls:tfgb]lv DofGdf/;Ddsf] If]q …6fu]{6 Pl/ofÚ dflgPsf]n] g} xf]nf oL If]qdf ;LcfO{Pn] Pp6} h+uL efiff k|of]u ub}{5 . cfO{P;cfO{sf] ;fyn] DofGdf/ / g]kfndf rfx]sf] s'/f ug{ g;Sg] a'em]kl5 ;LcfO{cfPn] …/Ú nfO{ ;fy lnP/ DofGdf/ / g]kfndf rfx]sf] s'/f ug{ ef/t / cd]l/sf b'a}sf] lglDt dx+uf] ;fljt x'g]5 . DofGdf/df tndfly x'gf;fy cf;fdsf gfuf / af]8f]n] :jtGqtfsf] lglDt hf/L cfGbf]ng rsf{pg]5g\ . vfln:tfg hfDafh kmf];{ k+hfjdf xft af“w]/ a:g] 5}g . sflZd/L d';ndfg / bflh{lnª, l;lSsdsf g]kfnL df}g /xg] 5}gg\ . ptf cd]l/sfn] g;f]r]sf ;]K6]Da/ !! x¿ ef]Ug' kg]{5 . ;fob ljZjsf ;}Go klqsf, ;}Go hf;';L k|ltj]bg / ;Defljt o'4gLlt k9]sf jf k9\g] u/]sfx¿n] yfxf kfpg' kg]{ xf]–;LcfO{P / …/Ú aLr ;g\ !((^ d} ;fdl/s u7aGwg ePsf] lyof], cf0fljs ldqtf rflx+ uP;ftf dfq} uf“l;Psf] xf] . olb o:t} xl/n¶s ;/sf/ / bnx¿ zlQmdf /lx/x]df ef]ln xfdLn] b}jsf] e/ kg'{ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk /x]sf] b]lvb}g .

wtL{ / cfsfzsf gfos ljho nfdfsf] cufw b]zk|]d / b]zelQmk"0f{ ljrf/

k|df]b lwtfn

g]kfn cfdfsf] sf]vaf6 hGd]/ g]kfn cfdf hl:t ljZjsL ddtfdoL dft[e"ldnfO{ ehfP/, p;s} cf8n] dfly k'u]/ p;}nfO{ cyf{t\ hGdlbg] dft[e"ld h;sf] d"Nof+sg cfkm"nfO{ gf} dlxgf sf]vdf x'sf{P/ hGdfpg] cfdf;“u ul/G5 pg} dfly anfTsf/ ug]{ jt{dfg ;dfhn] rlr{t gfos tyf jl/i7 ljdfg rfns tyf ljdfg p8fg k|lzIfs ljho nfdfnfO{ lrGg t lrg]sf] 5 t/, pgsf] leqL cfTdfnfO{ lrg]sf] 5}g . @! jif{sf] pd]/df g]kfnL syfgs rnlrq cfbz{gf/Ldf d"Vo e"ldsf lgefpg' ePsf pxf“sf] hGd ;g\ !(^$ dfr{ & -@)@);fn_ df sf7df8f}+df ePsf] xf] . rnlrq If]qdf clego ug]{ qmddf pxf“ 6]lnrnlrq, lj1fkg / df]8lnªdf ;d]t ;lqmo ¿kdf ;+nUg x'g'eof] . dw'/ :j/sf wgL ljho nfdfsf ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf tLgj6f PNjdk|lt ;|f]tfn] b]vfPsf] nufjk"0f{ >j0f klg x]bf{ pxf“ OZj/Lo u'0fk|fKt JolQmTj x'g''x'G5 eGg s/} nfU5 .

ld7f] af]nL, gd| Jojxf/, ;fbf hLjg / pRr ljrf/sf wgL tyf g]kfn cfdfsf jf:tljs hLljt ;k't ljho nfdfn] k9fOdf c+u|]hL efiffdf :gfsf]Q/ u/L …8fS6/ ckm bL l8s]6Ú af6 ;Ddflgt eO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . pxf“ @)%( ;fndf rnlrq ;Ddfg k'/:sf/af6 ;d]t ;Ddflgt x'g'eof] . af}l4s hutdf /fd|f] bVvnk"0f{ 5fk 5f]8\g ;kmn, s'zn ljdfg rfns / bIf k|lzIfs, ufog If]qdf ;|f]tfnfO{ df]lxt kfg{ ;Sg] :j/sf wgL bz{ssf lglDt lk|o snfsf/ ljho nfdfsf af/]df n]Vg] / AofVof ug'{kg]{ w]/} k|;+ux¿ 5g\ .

wg bF}ntsf] nflu dft[e"ldnfO{ 5f]8]/ ljb]z efl;g grfxg] a? ;s];Dd g]kfn cfdfnfO{ nfu]sf] k|f0f3fts /f]u lgsf] kfg{ cfkm\g} 7fp“df a;]/ st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ rfxg] kljq ;f]rljrf/sf uf}/jzfnL JolQmTj hldg / cfsfzsf ;bfaxf/ gfos ljho nfdf;“u ul/Psf] 5f]6f] jftf{nfk oxf“ k|:t't 5M–

tkfO{sf] hGdldlt, jfNohLjg / k9fOsf af/]df yf]/} atfOlbg'; g ljho bfO <

d]/f] hGd !(^$ dfr{ & tfl/v -@)@) ;fn_ df sf7df8f}+df ePsf] xf] . afNosfndf OlkP; eGg] :s"ndf k9]sf] x'“ . To;kl5 ;]G6 h]leo;{ sn]h x'“b} bflh{lnªdf k9]“ . o:t}df laTof] afNosfn .

tkfO{nfO{ kbf{sf] gfos dfGg] ls cfsfzsf] < cfkm"nfO{ ;a} g]kfnLn] s] eg]/ lrg'g eGg] rfxg' x'G5 <

dnfO{ ;a} g]kfnL bfh'efO lbbL alxgLx¿n] g]kfn cfdfnfO{ cToGt dfof ug]{ ljho nfdf eg]/ lrg] k'U5 . dnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ dfof ug]{n] h] eG5g\, d ToxL If]qsf] gfos x'g] k|of; u5'{ .

rnlrq If]qaf6 6fl9+b} x'g'x'G5, ca Totf gkmls{g] <

/fh]z xdfn, lglvn pk|]tL h:t} rnlrqdf lg/Gt/ nflu /x]kl5 rnlrqnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] elgG5 . /, rnlrqsf] kbf{df rnlrqaf6 6fl9Psf] 5}g . ev{/} d]/f] rnlrq …cNklj/fdÚ l/lnh ePsf] 5 . / cGo rnlrqsf] klg y'k|} …ckm/Ú cfO/x]sf] 5 . d Ps} vfn] h] kfof] ToxL+ e"ldsfdf klg v]lNbg . csf]{ d]/f] …/0f;+u|fdÚ gfds rnlrq klg cfp“b} 5 . c? klg y'k|} rnlrqx¿ aGb}5g\ d]/f .

cfsfzsf] cg'ej s:tf] nfU5 < Ps kfOn6sf] hLjgsf af/]df tkfO{n] j[Qlrq agfP t ljZj k|l;4 x'GYof] xf]nf x}g <

g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns sf/0fn] ubf{ xfdL g]kfnL ljdfg rfnsx¿sf] hLjg Psbd} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . o; lx;fan] se/ ug]{ xf] eg] xfdL ljdfg rfnssf] j[Qlrq Psbd} /fd|f] aGg] lyof] h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .

hLjgsf] clj:d/l0fo If0fsf af/]df s]xL egL lbg'xf];\ g <

To:tf clj:d/0fLo If0fx¿ y'k}| 5g\ . ;do cg';f/ 36gfqmdx¿ w]/} h:tf] ;Demgf ug{ nfPssf 5g\ . ca rnlrqsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] cfh eGbf @^ jif{ cufl8 …cfbz{ gf/LÚ rnlrqsf] s'/f cfp“5 . ljdfgsf] s'/f ubf{ xfdLnfO{ k|lzIfsn] …zf]n] KnfOp8Ú eg]/ Psn} p8\g lbG5 . cflb cflb s'/f y'k|} 5g\ .

tkfO{ t eo+s/ bfgL klg x'g'x'G5 /], dflg;x¿ o;} eG5g\, s:tf s:tf JolQmnfO{ xfn;Dd bfg ug'{ eof] <

bfg s]nfO{ eG5g\ < dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ ;]jf rfxL+ d u5'{ . Gofgf]kg eg]/ xfdLn] s;}nfO{ s]xL ul//x]sf 5f}+ . clxn] klg g]kfnsf ljs6 ljs6 lhNnfx¿df ^, & ;o af]/f sk8fx¿ k'¥ofO{;s]“, h'g ;/sf/sf] kIfaf6 x'g] sfd xfdLx¿n] ul//x]sf 5f}+ . /, jf9L kLl8t, lxdkft kLl8t rfx] Tof] dw];L xf];\ rfx] Tof] kxf8] xf];\ ;a} kLl8t hgtfnfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf k'¥ofpg] sfd klg ul//x]sf] 5' .

cfsfz / kftfnsf] hLjgn] kl/jf/df s]xL ckm\7of/f] kf/]sf] dx;'; ePsf] 5}g <

kl/jf/ Pbsd} ;dembf/\ ePsf]n] To:tf] cK7\of/f] dx;'; ePsf] 5}g . t/ clwsf+z ;do cfsfzd} cyjf aflx/} latfpg' kbf{, kl/jf/nfO{ ;do lbg g;Sbf cfTdUnfgL rfxL+ kSs} x'G5 .

clxn] g]kfnL rnlrq If]qnfO{ s;/L kl/eflift ug'{x'G5 <

clxn]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf g]kfnL rnlrq If]qnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg], clwsf+z g]kfnL rnlrqx¿ …y8{ Snf;Ú lxGbL rnlrqsf] gSsn u/]/ lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . d cfkm" klg rnlrq;“u ;DalGwt dfG5], ePtf klg rnlrqdf :tl/otf 5}g eGg afWo x'g'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . rnlrqdf df}lnskg k6Ss} 5}g . t/ xfn;fn} lgdf{0f ePsf rnlrqx¿ …sfuj]gLÚ / d cfkm} v]n]sf] rnlrq …cNklj/fdÚ df eg] s]xL gof“ kg 5 . cfzf 5, oL b'O{ rnlrq h:tf km]l/ klg c? rnlrqx¿ cfpg] 5g\ .

cg'xf/ / hLp8fnn] t bz{sx¿ tkfO{nfO{ xlnp8sf :6f/ gfos h]sL r]g;“u t'ngf u5{g\, pm h:t} ag'“ eGg] nfUb}g <

d ljho nfdf x'g'd} ;Gt'i6 5' . h]sL r]gn] ;xL ;dodf ;xL a|]s kfP/ xlnp8df VoftL sdfP . xfdL g]kfnL Pp6f kLl8t b]z, kLl8t ;dfhdf x'ls{g' k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . t/, xfdL cfd g]kfnLn] /fd|f] cj;/ kfof}+ eg] sf]xL ljb]zL eGbf sd Ifdtfjfg 5}gf}+ h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .

tkfO{n] clxn] g]kfn cfdfsf] af/]df s] ;f]Rg' ePsf] 5 <

d]/f] ;f]rfO{df clxn] g]kfn cfdf /f]O/x]sL l5g\ . g]kfn cfdfn] hGd lbPsf ;Gtfgx¿ s]xL x[i6k'i6 xf]nfg, s]xL n'nf n+u8f xf]nfg, t/ tL ;a} g]kfn cfdfsf ;Gtfg x'g\ . g]kfn cfdfnfO{ ;a}sf] a/fa/ dfof nfU5 . g]kfn cfdfn] ;a} ;Gtfg ldn]/ a;]sf] b]Vg rfxlG5g\ . dw];, kxf8, lxdfn hxf“sf hgtf ePklg g]kfn cfdfsf ;Gtfg ldn]/ a;]sf] b]Vg rfxlG5g\ . g]kfn cfdfsf ;Gtfgx¿ afO{;] rf}aL;] /fHodf 6'lqmP/ a;]sf] b]Vg ;lSbgg\ h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .

clxn] cfd g]kfnLx¿ ljb]zLg] qmd a9\bf] 5, tkfO{df klg ljb]z uP/ j;f}+ eGg] ;f]r cfPsf] 5}g <

clxn] g]kfn cfdf lj/fdL l5g\, g]kfn cfdfnfO{ SofG;/ nfu]sf] 5 . SofG;/ h:tf] k|f0f3fts /f]u nfu]sf] cj:yfdf d g]kfn cfdfnfO{ 5f]8]/ ljb]z knfog x'g g}ltstfn] lb+b}g . d :jb]zd} a;L g]kfn cfdf / g]kfn cfdfsf ;GttLnfO{ ;]jf u/L a:5' . / o:tf] cj:yfdf g]tfx¿ klg cfkm\gf] JolQmut :jfy{df k/L kLl8t g]kfn cfdfnfO{ g?jfP/ x;fpgtL/ nfu]kl5 /fd|f] x'g] lyof] ls <