x7sf] /fhgLlt ul/of] eg] gof“ ;/sf/ rNb}g–/fw]Zofd clwsf/L, jl/i7 clwjQmf Pj+ g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 ;dfg'kfltssf pDd]bjf/

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof], o;kl5sf] k|lqmof ca s;/L cufl8 a9\5 <

lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof], t/ clxn];Dd lgjf{rgsf] clGtd glthf cfO;s]sf] 5}g . ;dfg'kfltstkm{sf] clGtd glthf cfpg s]xL lbg kv{g' k5{ . lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;dfg'kfltstkm{ clGtd 6'+uf] nufPkl5, /fhgLlts kf6L{n] kfPsf] l;6 ;+Vof va/ u/]kl5 bnn] klxn] k7fPsf] aGb;"rLdf k/]sf dfG5]sf] aLraf6 ^ ;d"xdf kg]{ u/L k|ltztsf] cfwf/df ;ft lbgleq cfof]udf gfdfjnL k7fpg'kb{5 . lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;"rgf u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq bnn] gfdfjnL k7fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;aLrdf x/]s kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7s a:5, ToxL a}7sn] lg0f{o u/]/ bnn] gfdfjnL k7fp“5g\ . bnn] gfdfjnL k7fPkl5 lgjf{rg cfof]un] To;nfO{ ?h' u5{ . ^ ;d"xdf 5'6\ofPsf] k|ltztadf]lhd gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 eg] ToxLcg';f/ cfof]un] clGtd glthf k|sflzt ub{5 . To;df gldn]sf] v08df q'l6 cf}+NofP/ tLg lbgsf] ;do lbG5, pQm ;doleq bnn] ldnfpg'kb{5, geP lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfkm}+ lg0f{o ub{5 . ;dfg'kfltstkm{ sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 kf“r ;o &% hgfsf] ;"rL tof/ x'G5 . To;kl5 dlGqkl/ifb\af6 @^ hgfsf] gfdfjnL tof/ kfl/G5 . ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;xdltaf6 ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ePsf] efjgf / dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ dlGqkl/ifb\n] gfd k|:tfljt ub{5, To;kl5 ^ ;o Pshgfsf] k"0f{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] :j?k tof/ x'G5 .

@^ hgfsf] gfdfjnL tof/ kfg]{ qmddf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf lhTg] bnx?af6 dfq k5{g\ ls bneGbf aflx/sf JolQmnfO{;d]t NofOG5 <

o;df s'g} JolQm, bn ljz]if geOsg ;xdltsf cfwf/df @^ hgfsf] gfd k|:tfljt ul/G5 . dlGqkl/ifb\n] lg0f{o ub{5, o;df bns} dfq k5{g\ eGg] h?/L 5}g .

;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] s]–s] sfd ub{5 <

klxnf] a}7s a:g'cl3 k|wfgdGqLsf] sfd cfp“5 . lgjf{rg cfof]un] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ul/;s]kl5 -@^ hgfafx]s_ k|wfgdGqLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] a}7s @! lbgleq af]nfpg] elgPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts ;xdltaf6 pko'Qm ;dodf k|wfgdGqLn] af]nfpg'kb{5 . klxnf] a}7s 8fSg'eGbfcl3 Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sfg'g o;aLrdf agfO;Sg' kb{5 . ;DejtM To;nfO{ cWofb]zdfkm{t\ dlGqkl/ifb\n] Tof] sfd klg ug'{kb{5 .

oL sfd a}7s a;]kl5 ug'{kg]{ xf] ls clxn]s} dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug'{kg]{ xf] <

tL sfdx? clxn]s} dlGqkl/ifb\n] ub{5 . To;kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a:5 . a}7s a;]kl5 b'O{–tLgj6f sfdx? x'G5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] cWoIftf ug{ j[4 ;f+;bn] ;kyu|x0f ug'{x'G5 . To;kl5 af“sL ;f+;bx?nfO{ ;kyu|x0f u/fpg] sfd x'G5 . To;kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fhfsf] af/]df k|:tfj 6]a'n ug'{kb{5 . u0ftGq sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg] ljifodf k|:tfj 6]a'n ug]{ sfd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'G5 eg]/ ;+ljwfgdf n]lvPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf rogsf] lgjf{rg k|lqmof tf]lsG5 . oL s'/f ;“u} cufl8 a9\5 .

u0ftGq sfof{Gjog ug]{ elgPsf] 5, o;sf] k|lqmof s] xf] <

g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fv]sf] k|:tfjdf lg0f{o eP/ Tof] lbg 6'+luG5 . To;kl5 gof“ ;/sf/ cfp“5 . Tof] ;/sf/nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf] nflu ;+j}wflgs k|lqmof, ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx?df ;a} s'/f n]Vg'kg]{ x'G5 . tL s'/fx? kl5af6 x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . tL ;a} sfdx? gof“ cfpg] ;/sf/n] ;'? ug]{5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] a}7s a;]sf] klxnf] lbgd} gof“ ;/sf/ agfpg' k5{, xf]Og <

clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;xdltaf6 ;/sf/ agfpg] elgPsf] 5 . ;xdltaf6 ;/sf/ agfpgsf nflu ;a}sf] af6f] v'nf ul/lbg'kb{5 . k|wfgdGqLn] ;/sf/ agfpgsf nflu cfx\jfg ug'{x'G5 . :ki6 ax'dt s'g} bnsf] 5}g, To;sf/0f ;a}sf] lglDt pxf“n] v'Nnf cfx\jfg ug'{xf]nf . dfcf]jfbL 7"nf] bn ePsf] x'gfn] pgLx?s} g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ aGg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 .

u0ftGqsf] sfof{Gjogkl5 /fi6«kltsf] Joj:yf x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 <

/fi6«kltsf] clxn] s'g} Joj:yf 5}g . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg gul/sg /fi6«kltsf] Joj:yf x'g] 7fp“ 5}g . k|wfgdGqLn] g} /fi6«k|d'v eP/ sfd ug]{ x'gfn] ToxL k4ltdf g} hfG5 xf]nf eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ lsg ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ < gof“ ;+ljwfg gag];Dd oxL k|lqmofaf6 hfg] xf] .

gof“ ;+ljwfg gag];Dd oxL ;+ljwfgdf /x]/ sfd ug'{k5{, xf]Og <

gof“ ;+ljwfg gag];Dd of] ;+ljwfgdf /x]/ sfd ug'{k5{ .

/fhtGq ljlwjt¿kdf x6fpg] k|lqmof s] x'G5 <

/fhgLlts¿kdf k|:tfj kfl/t x'G5 . To;kl5 ;a}sf] ;xdltaf6 s'g k4lt, s;/L / s] :j?ksf] agfpg] eGg] lg0f{o u/]/ ;+ljwfg agfpg' kb{5 .

o; ljifodf ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;ef;baLr 5nkmn h?/L 5 <

Psbd} h?/L 5 . s;/L k|:tfj Nofpg], s;/L kf; ug]{ ;a} s'/fx?sf] 5nkmn h?/L 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] k|:tfjdfq kf; ug]{ xf] . ;+j}wflgs :j?kaf6 ;a} s'/f x6fpg s]xL lbg ;do nfU5 .

/fhtGqsf] ljifodf s'g} bn / JolQm ljz]ifn] ljleGg lsl;dsf wf/0ff /fv]sf] v08df s] x'g;S5 <

:ki6¿kdf /fk|kf g]kfnn] xfdL ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf 5f}+ eg]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf] s'g} klg ;b:on] pleP/ …xfd|f] s'/f /fv]/ lg0f{odf hfg rfxG5f}+Ú eg]df Tof] clwsf/ t lbg'k¥of] . To;sf/0fn] tL s'/fx? ;'g'jfO x'G5 . ;'g'jfO eP/ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf hfG5 .

Psflt/ ;fwf/0f ax'dtn] kfl/t x'G5 elgPsf] 5, csf]{tkm{ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] jsfnt ug]{ clwsf/ lbOg'k5{, o:tf] l:yltdf s] x'g;S5 <

lg0f{o ;fwf/0f ax'dts} lx;faaf6 hfG5, ;+ljwfgdf ToxL n]lvPsf] 5 . xfdL ;+ljwfgcg';f/ g} rNg'kb{5 .

sltko d'n'sdf ;+ljwfg;efkZrft\ hgdt;+u|x ug'{k/]sf] klg b]lvG5 lg <

x/]s d'n'sn] cf–cfkm\gf] k4lt agfPs]f x'G5 . xfdLn] oxL k4ltnfO{ d~h'/ u/]sf 5f}+ . To;s/f0f o; ljifodf hgdt;+u|xdf hfg] s'/fsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g .

;+ljwfg;efsf] a}7s a;] ;“u;“u} gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;d]t cl3 a9fpg'k5{, xf]Og <

;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq ;+ljwfg tof/ kfl/;Sg'kb{5 . olt 7"nf] bfloTj 5 .

oxLaLrdf dw];jfbL bnx?n] cfkm\gf] dfu k"/f geP;Dd cufl8sf k|lqmofdf ;xefuL gx'g];d]t atfPsdf 5g\ lg <

h'ga]nfdf h'g ;/sf/sf] bfloTj x'G5, To;n] ldnfpg], 5nkmn ug]{, Psn] csf{nfO{ d2t ug]{ s'/fx? ;a} To;df cfpg]5 .

;+3Lotfsf] ljifodf bnx?aLr lgtfGt leGg wf/0ff b]lvPsf 5g\, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf qmddf o; ljifon] s]xL cK7\of/f] l:ylt l;h{gf ub}{g <

d"ne"t¿kdf sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t ;/sf/ eof] eGg] ;a}sf] u'gf;f] 5 . sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t ;/sf/ ePsf] x'gfn] cf–cfkm\gf s'/fx? ug{ c;lhnf] ePsf], ljsf; lgdf{0fdf afwf ePsf] eGg] u'gf;f] xf] . Tof] u'gf;f]nfO{ d]6\gsf lglDt h] cfjZos kb{5, Tof] ug'{kb{5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg] xf] eg] w]/} 7"nf] pynk'yn xf]nf h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . t/ gx'g]–gx'g] s'/f cl3 ;f/]/ lsrnf] lemlsof] eg] ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 . d'Vo s'/f s] xf] eg] hgtfn] clwsf/ kfpg' kb{5 . :yfgLo txdf ljsf; lgdf{0fdf cj/f]w gx'g] u/L hfg'kb{5 . xfdL ;a}sf] b[li6sf]0f zflGt, ;'Joj:yf x'g'k5{, dflg;x?sf] clwsf/ ;'/lIft x'g'k5{, sfg'gsf] zf;g x'g'k5{, cfkm\gf] ljsf; cfkm}+n] ug{ kfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf s;}n] afwf lbg'ePg . oL rf/–kf“rj6f ljifonfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ xfdLn] sfd ug{ yfNof}+ eg] ;a} s'/f ldNg]5 . ;+3Lotfsf] gfddf grflxg] s'/fx? yf]kg{ vf]lhof] eg] Toltv]/ afwf k'Ug ;S5 .

dfcf]jfbLn] ljleGg gfdwf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ff k|:t't u/]sf] 5, csf]{tkm{ Ps dw]; Ps k|b]z h:tf gf/f 5g\, o:tf] l:yltdf ;+ljwfg agfp“bf emg\ eb|uf]n x'g] l:ylt cfp“b}g <

cf–cfkm\gf s'/fx? h]–hlt /flvP klg clxn] xfdLn] k|i6¿kdf s] dfGg'k5{ eg] s'g} bn;“u klg ax'dt 5}g . hgtfn] s'g} klg bnnfO{ pgLx?sf] s'/fdf ;j{l:jLs[lt lbPsf 5}gg\ . ;j{l:js[lt glbPkl5 c?sf] s'/f ;'Gg' k/]g < Psy/Ln] eg]sf] s'/f csf]{y/Ln] / csf]{y/Ln] eg]sf s'/f csf]{y/Ln] ;'Gg'kb{5 . To;/L ubf{ jfwf klg 5}g / cfklQ klg 5}g . ;a} ljifodf ;ldlt aG5, Tof] ;ldltn] ;DalGwt lj1x?;“u ;/;Nnfx, 5nkmn / cWoog u5{ . To;kl5 dfq cfPsf] lgisif{ cl3 /fVg] xf] .

;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7saf6 /fhtGqsf] 6'+uf] nufPkl5 /fhfnfO{ gful/s;/x Nofpg] k|lqmof s;/L x'G5 <

;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] o; ljifodf k|:tfj kf; u/]/ st{Jo k"/f u5{ . af“sL sfd gof“ aGg] ;/sf/n] ub{5 . dfcf]jfbLn] o; ljifodf ljleGg JolQmx?;“u e]63f6 klg yfn]sf] ;'lgPsf] 5 . of] ljleGg r/0faf6 u'h|]/ hfG5 . ;s];Dd /fd|f] s] x'G5 eg] zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] o; ljifodf ;Qf x:tfGt/0fsf k|lqmof k"/f ug'{kb{5 .

ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx? ;/sf/df hfg] of ghfg] eGg]af/]df cf–cfkm\g} wf/0ff cfO/x]sf] 5, clxn]sf] l:yltdf pko'Qm af6f] s] x'g;S5 <

o; ljifodf clxn] g} o;} eGg ;lsGg . kf6L{x?n] cf–cfkm\gf] lg0f{o ug{ af“sL g} 5 . ev{/} r'gfjaf6 cfPsf sf/0f r'gfjsf] udL{ g} ;lsPsf] 5}g . r'gfjsf] glthf;d]t cfO;s]sf] 5}g . b'O{ jif{;Dd s;/L ;/sf/ rnfpg], b'O{ jif{leq ;+ljwfg g} agfpg' kg]{ ePsfn] ;+ljwfg agfpg cfklQ gx'g] lx;fadf ;a}sf] ;xof]u lng'k5{ eg]/ ;f]lrof] eg] Tolt ufx|f] gxf]nf . x7sf] /fhgLlt ug{ yflnof] eg] ;/sf/ t aGb}g–aGb}g, ;+ljwfg agfpg klg ufx|f] kb{5 . hgtfsxf“ km]l/ hfg'kg]{ ePsf] sf/0f ;a} ldn]/ g} sfd u5{g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

sf+u|];–Pdfn]h:tf kf6L{ ;/sf/df uPgg\ eg] ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 <

gx'g klg ;S5 . dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/ rnfO/xG5 . ;+ljwfgk|lt …xfdL s]lGb|t u5f}{Ú eGg ;S5 . ;/sf/d} uP/ klg …xfdL d2t u5f}+Ú eGg ;S5 . Pp6f kf6L{ ;/sf/df hfg] / csf]{ kf6L{ ;/sf/df ghfg] klg x'g;S5 . s;sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ aG5 eGg] klxnf] s'/f xf] . g]t[Tjdf hf] a:5, To;n] af“sLnfO{ s;/L ;xof]u lnG5 eGg] s'/f x]g'{kb{5 .

tkfO{ sf+u|];af6 ;dfg'kfltstk{maf6 pDd]bjf/ klg x'g'x'G5, o;k6s sf+u|];sf] ck|Tofl;t xf/ eof], o;nfO{ s;/L ljZn]if0f ug'{ePsf] 5 <

o;df w]/} sf/0fx? 5g\ . ;a} 7fp“sf] …l/kf]6{Ú cfpg af“sL 5 . xfdLn] r'gfjsf] lglDt hlt tof/L ug'{kg]{ lyof], Tolt tof/L u/]gf}+ . sltko 7fp“df 8/, qf; / eosf] jftfj/0f /x\of] . bzjif{b]lv cfGbf]ng u/]sf] kf6L{n] h'g 9+un] lqmofsnfk b]vfof], 8/ / qf; k|z:t} ePsf] b]lvG5 . ljutsf r'gfjdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] /fd|f] dtn] lht]sf] 7fp“df ;d]t o;k6s cToGt} km/s dtn] xf/]sf] 5 . sf+u|];sf] hlt dt em¥of], Toltdfq dt lyPg . hlt dt csf]{ kf6L{df v;]sf] 5, Tolt dt Tof] kf6L{sf] xf]Og eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . t/ glthf cfO;s]sf] 5 . sltko :yfgdf 7Ls–a]7Ls h] ePklg ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ xfg'{kg]{ sf/0fnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] lg0f{o ug]{5 . d]/f] ljrf/df eGg] xf] eg] xfd|f] cfkm\gf] klg sdL–sdhf]/L 5g\ . ;fy;fy}, zflGt;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt ePg eGg] w]/} 7fp“af6 u'gf;f] cfO/x]sf] 5 .

;+u7gk|lt kf6L{sf] a]jf:tf /x\of] elgG5 lg <

kf6L{sf] ;+u7gsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] d}n] yfxf kfPb]lv g} kf6L{sf] ;+u7gsf] cj:yf o:t} …Nofªkm\ofª]Ú g} xf] . of] ljrf/af6 rNg] kf6L{ xf] . r'gfjsf ;dodf dflg;x? Pslqt x'G5g\, z'e]R5'sx?sf] r'gfjdf ;dodf /fd|} pkl:ylt /xG5 . c? a]nfdf kf6L{ rnfpgsf] nflu ;+u7gsf] Pp6f vfsf tof/ x'G5 . k|foMh;f] c? ;dodf lgl:qmo g} /xG5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] agf]6 g} o:t} lsl;dsf] 5 .

l6s6 ljt/0fsf qmddf klg c;Gt'li6x? b]lvPsfn] of] l:ylt cfPsf] xf], elgG5 lg <

Tof] t kf6L{n] x]g'{kb{5 . xfdLn] s]–sf/0fn] r'gfjdf xf/ a]xf]g'{k¥of] eGg] ljifonfO{ lnP/ kf6L{n] ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 .

o;} ljifon] r'gfjdf cGt3f{t ePsf] klg ;'lgPsf] 5 <

3ft / cGt3f{tsf] s'/fdf c?eGbf d cln k[ys\ 9+un] x]5'{ . h'g;'s} r'gfjdf klg lrQ ga'em\g] ;fyLx?sf] Pp6f ;+Vof x'G5 . Tof] ;+VofnfO{ Go"g ug{ k|of; ug]{ xf] . To;nfO{ lgld6\ofGg kfg{ ;ls+b}g . 3ft–k|lt3ftsf] gfddf r'gfj xfl/Psf] xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . r'gfjdf sf+u|];sf ;fyLx?n] cfkm\gf pDd]bjf/nfO{ g} ;3fPsf 5g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .

zflGt;'/Iffsf] ;jfn p7fpg' eof], t/ cfof]un] o; ljifodf s'g} ph'/L k/]sf] eg]sf] 5}g lg <

ljb]zL ko{j]Ifsx?sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof h:tf] …Oo"Ú n] k|:6;“u 8/ / c;'/IffsfaLr ;DkGg r'gfj eg]sf] 5 . eod'Qm / lgikIf r'gfj eof] eg]/ eg]sf] 5}g . cGo ko{j]Ifssf] …l/kf]6{Ú cfp“b} xf]nf . r'gfj ;lsof], r'gfjdf hlt lgikIftf x'g'kg]{ xf] Tolt ePg eGg] s'/fsf] cfef; ;a}n] u/]sf 5g\ . olt eGbfeGb} klg of] r'gfj c;fWo} hl6n lyof] . To;sf/0f o;nfO{ dfGotf lbg] / k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] sfd ug'{kb{5 . ef]ln cfpg] r'gfjx?df lgikIftf ug{ s]–s] cfjZos 5 eGg] ;f]Rg] xf] . o;af6 kf7 l;Sg] xf] . o;nfO{ sf]6\ofP/ a:g] xf]Og eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

eGgfn] r'gfj h;/L klg ;DkGg ug'{k5{ eGg] dgl:yltdf bnx? k'u]sf x'g\ <d"ne"t s'/f ToxL xf] . ljz]ifu/L g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] e"ldsf h;/L klg r'gfj ;DkGg ug'{k5{ eGg] /x\of] . r'gfjdf dfq s]lGb|t x'“bf w]/} 7fp“df k/fho ef]Ug'k/]sf] xf] h:tf] nfU5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];n] r'gfjeGbf klg lhTg]lt/dfq Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf] eP r'gfj u8a9 x'GYof] xf]nf . r'gfj ;DkGg u/]/ lgsf; lgsfNg vf]h]sfn] sf+u|];sf] k/fhosf] k|d'v sf/0f of] klg x'g;S5 .

/fh]z ;fksf]6f