oftfoft sfof{nodf clgoldttf
5fglag sfo{ z'?,3'; vfg] sd{rf/Lsf] z'qmjf/ kmf“6 ablnof]
;"rgfkq 8]:s
oftfoft Joj;fo sfof{no t'n;Lk'/df Ps sd{rf/LnfO{ ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kq gjLs/0f ubf{ 3'; lnPsf] cf/f]k nfu]kl5 cg';Gwfg sfo{ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .
Ko"7fg tf]/jfª uflj; jf8{ g+= % c3]{nL lgjf;L v8\uaxfb'/ 9sfnn] ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq gjLs/0f ubf{ sfof{nosf sd{rf/L /]vf ;]gn] cfkm";“u P3f/ xhf/ ?k}of“ lnPsf] ljlxjf/ kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .
@)$# ;fn k'; @* ut] /fKtL c~rn k|x/L sfof{noaf6 ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kq kfPsf 9sfn s]xL ;do ef/tdf a;f]af; u/]sf lyP . g]kfn kmls{Pkl5 k'gM uf8L rnfpg] dg;fon] nfO{;]G; gjLs/0f ubf{ cfkm" sd{rf/Laf6 7luPsf] pgn] atfP . nfO{;]G; gjLs/0fsf nflu oftfoft sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ k'u]sf 9sfn sd{rf/Laf6 7luPsf x'g\ . Gofosf nflu e|i6frf/lj?4 gful/s ;dfh bfªdf df3 !$ ut] 9sfnn] k]z u/]sf] lgj]bgdf nfO{;]G; gjLs/0fsf nflu oftfoft sfof{no k'Ubf sfof{nosL sd{rf/L /]vf ;]gn] $)–$@ xhf/ ?k}of lt/] dfq nfO{;]G; kfpg] cGoyf vf/]h x'g] atfPsf] pNn]v 5 . cfkmGtsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ 3f]/fxLl:yt g]Zgn df]6/ 8«fOleª ;]G6/df k'Ubf ;]G6/sf u'?k|;fb uf}tdn] gjLs/0fsf nflu !@ xhf/ dfu]sf lyP . k6s–k6s u/]/ ;]G6/sf u'?k|;fb uf}tdnfO{ # xhf/ ?k}of lbPsf] / df3 !$ ut] uf}td;“u oftfoft sfof{no uO{ sd{rf/L /]vf ;]gnfO{ cf7 xhf/ cf7;o ?k}of lbPsf] 9sfnn] atfP . nfO;]G; gjLs/0f ubf{ P3f/ xhf/ cf7 ;o ?k}of lt/] klg 9sfnnfO{ @ xhf/ Ps ;o ?k}of dfq a'emfPsf] pNn]v u/L /l;b lbOPsf] lyof] . o;/L sd /sdsf] /l;b lbbf 9sfnn] cfkm" 7luPsf] dx;'; u/L k|f]=klAnsdf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf lyP .
k|f]=klAns gful/s ;dfh bfªsf] ;xof]udf 9sfnn] ljlxjf/ kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L sd{rf/Ln] 3'; vfPs]f ;fj{hlgs u/]kl5 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] cg';Gwfg sfo{ cufl8 a9fPsf] xf] . k|f]=klAns bfªn] df3 !& ut] g} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nonfO{ u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xof]u ug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ kq k|]if0f u/]sf] lyof] .
z'qmjf/af6} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] cg';Gwfg cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . cg';Gwfg clws[t s'nk|;fb kf08]n] zlgjf/ ;"rgfkq;“u s'/fsfgL ub}{ cg';Gwfg sfo{ tbf?stfsf ;fy eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . To;}u/L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L df]xg s[i0f ;fksf]6fn] cg';Gwfg hf/L /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . olb cf/f]k ;To 7x/]df sd{rf/LnfO{ e|i6frf/ P]g @)%( cg';f/ sfjf{xL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] pxf“n] ;"rgfkqnfO{ atfpg' eof] . o;/L e|i6frf/Lsf] c/f]k v]kL/x]sL sd{rf/L /]vf ;]g z'qmjf/ sfof{nodf pkl:yt /x] klg cfk\mgf] kmf“6sf] sfd ug{af6 al~rt /xg'ePsf] 5 . sfof{no k|d'v OGb| kf08]n] zlgjf/ ;"rgfkq ;fKtflxs;“u s'/fsfgL ub}{ sd{rf/L ;]gnfO{ z'qmjf/ pxf“sf] kmf“6sf] sfd ug{ glbO{ lr¶L btf{ tyf rnfgL sfo{df v6fOPsf] atfpg' eof] . oftfoft sfof{nosf] %)) ld6/ jl/kl/ s'g} klg 8«fO{leË OlGi6Ro"6 vf]Ng gkfOg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . t/ oftfoft sfof{nosf] ;6/;“u ;6]sf tLg j6f 8«fO{leË ;]G6/ /x]sf] :yfgLoaf;Ln] atfPsf 5g\ . To;af/] lh1fzf /fVbf sfof{no k|d'v kf08]n] tL 8«fO{leË ;]G6/sf] btf{df t'n;Lk'/ /x]sf] / sfof{no cGoq /x]sf] atfpb} Toxf“af6 kmf]6f]skL / 6]lnkmf]g ;~rfng ug]{ hfgsf/L cfk"mnfO{ lbPsf] atfpg' eof] . olb ToxLaf6 g} 8«fO{leË OlGi6Ro"6 ;~rfng ePsf] kfOPdf sfjf{xL ul/g] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . t/ :yfgLoaf;Lsf cg';f/ z'qmjf/ g} tL 8«fO{leË ;]G6/af6 af]8{ tyf oftfoftsf ;+s]tx? x6fOPsf] lyof] .
o;/L v'n]cfd v'; vfPsf] cf/f]k v]lk/x]sL sd{rf/L /]vf ;]gn] eg] cfk"mn] 3'; gvfPsf] bfjL ug'{ePsf] 5 . zlgjf/ ;"rgfkq ;fKtflxs;“u s'/fsfgL ub}{ ;]gn] cfkm\gf] rl/qxTof ug{ tyf km;fpgsf nflu To:tf] em'¶f c/f]k nufPsf] atfpg' eof] . /fh:j lt/]sf] /l;b cfkm\gf] kmf“6df cfPkl5 cfkm"n] cfkm\gf] st{Jocg'?k sfd u/]sf] / Tof] eGbf a9L cfk'mnfO{ s]xL yfxf gePsf] atfpg' eof] .
Ps ;o rf}w 3/w'/L ;fd'bflos jgdf ;dfj]z
x]dGt zdf{
;fd'bflos jgaf6 k|fKt nfef+z / jg k}bfjf/ pkef]uaf6 al~rt bfªsf Ps ;o rf}w 3/w'/L pkef]Qmf ;fd'bflos jgdf ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . cGoqaf6 a;fO{+ ;/fO{ u/L cfPsf tyf klxn] b]lv ;fd'bflos jgdf cfj4 gePsf pkef]Qmf dWo] lhNnfsf !% ;fd'bflos jgdf u/L hDdf ! ;o !$ 3/w'/L ;dfj]z ePsf x'g\ .
hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmd Pn Pkm kL bfªn] rf/j6f u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf;“u ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]kl5 sfo{qmdsf kxndf al~rlts/0fdf k/]sf tL 3/w'/Ln] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]u ug{ kfPsf x'g\ . ;fe]mbf/ ;+:yfx? ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3, g]kfn bfªsf] sfo{If]q gf/fo0fk'/df $( 3/w'/L, ofbj ;dfh ;]jf ;+3sf] u9jf If]qdf @% 3/w'/L, dfgjsNof0f tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf] nlIdk'/sf @) 3/w'/L / ;jf{lª0f ;fd'bflos lasf; s]Gb|sf zflGtgu/ If]qdf @) 3/w'/LnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0fdf ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf} ;a}eGbf sd !& 3/w'/L dfq /x]sf] 8'?jf ufla;sf] 38]/L8f“+8f ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] al~rlts/0fdf k/]sf #%3/w'/L ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L dxf;+3sf] sfo{If]q cGtu{t cGo ;d"xx?df xfk'/sf zflGt ;fd'bflos jgdf * 3/w'/L , ldq ;fd'bflos jgdf # , ;"o{Hof]tL ;fd'bflos jgdf ! / p/x/Lsf] aNnfh'/] ;fd'bflos jgdf @ 3/w'/L pkef]Qmf ;dfj]z ePsf] dxf;+3sf ;'k/efOh/ df]lt/fd rf}w/Ln] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
ptf ofbj ;dfh ;]jf ;+3 u9jfsf] sfo{If]q cGtu{t u9jfsf dbk'/ g;xjfdf $ 3/w'/L, dlxnf ;dfh sNof0f ;f=j=sf %, dlxnf zlQm ;f=j=df # 3/w'/L To;}u/L a]nf uflj;sf >LzlQm ;f=j=df %, uf]j/l8xfsf] >L zflGt ;f=j=df % / /fhk'/sf] uf]/If ;f=j=df # 3/w'/L ;dfj]z ePsf] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs /fdg/]z ofbjn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
csf]{ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf dfgj sNof0f tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf :yfgLo >f]t JolQm cfzf/fd rf}w/Lsf cg';f/ wgf{ uflj;sf] ;l/sf]6 -/fgL_ ;f=j=df 5'6 ePsf @) 3/w'/L ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ .
bfªsf] klZrd IF]qdf sfd ug]{ ;jf{lËg ;fd'bflos ljsf; s]Gb|n] wgf}/Lsf skf;]8f“8f ;fd'bflos jgsf $ 3/w'/L, cf]vl/of ;fd'bflos jgdf ! 3/w'/L / af3df/]sf] yfgL8f+8f+ ;fd'bflos jgdf !% 3/w'/L u/L hDdf @) 3/w'/LnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs ;'/]Gb| v8\sfn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . jl~rlts/0df k/]sf pkef]Qmf 3/w'/L sf]xL cGoqaf6 a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/L cfPsf / 5'6]sf 3/w'/LnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ klxn]sf pkef]Qmfn] gdfGg] tyf k|j]z z'Ns a9L ePsf] sf/0f of] ;d:of /x]sf] 5 eg] bfªsf] aLr efudf kfos kg]{ h+unIf]q gePsf] sf/0f klg o:tf] ;d:of cfPsf] xf] . Pn=Pkm=kL=;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd cGtu{t al~rlts/0fdf k/]sf pkef]Qmf ;dfj]z ug{df ;xof]u hf/L /fVg] tL ;+:yfx?n] hgfPsf 5g\ .
lgjf{rgdf @$ ;o *$ sd{rf/L vl6g]
v8\u zdf{
r}q @* ut] x'g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu bfªsf % lgjf{rg If]qdf @$ ;o *$ hgf sd{rf/Lx? v6fO{g] ePsf] 5 .
lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no bfªsf cg';f/ lgjf{rgdf v6fOg] sd{rf/Lx? lghfdtL sd{rf/L / ;/sf/L ljBfnosf lzIfsx? /xg] 5g\ . bfªdf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;+Vof !* ;o # dfq ePsf] x'“bf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf lzIfsx?nfO{ klg lgjf{rgdf v6fpg' kg]{ ePsf] lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 .
;/sf/L ljBfnosf df=lj=, lg=df=lj= / k|f=lj= u/L clxn] bfªdf hDdf !^ ;o ($ hgf lzIfsx? /x]sf 5g\ . lt dWo] df=lj= txdf @ ;o @@ lg=df=lj= txdf @ ;o &* / k|f=lj=txdf !! ;o ($ lzIfs /x]sf] lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L bfª lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L sfof{nodf lghfdtL sd{rf/L tkm{ clws[t :t/sf ! ;o ^), ;'Aaf :t/sf # ;o %^, v/Lbf/ :t/sf % ;o (, d'lvof tyf a}bf/ :t/sf @ o !$ / >]0fL ljlxg tyf lkog :t/sf % ;o ^$ sd{rf/Lx? /x]sf] klg lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 .
cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf sfg'g tyf gof“ ;/sf/L jlsn ;d"xsf slDtdf låtLo >]0fLsf sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq lgjf{rg clws[t tf]lsg] lhNnf lgjf{rg clws[t e]ifk|;fb l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o;cl3 @ k6s;Dd lgjf{rgsf nflu ;do tf]Sbf klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . To;/L tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g g;Sbf bfªdf dfq ;/sf/n] sl/a % nfv ?k}of vr{ ul/;s]sf] lyof] .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g g;s]kl5 lhNnfsf] Pp6f lgjf{rg If]qaf6 dfq ! nfv ?k}of vr{ ePsf] 5 lhNnf lgjf{rg clws[t l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k|rf/ k|;f/ nufot ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] nflu tof/L ubF{ Tolt /sd vr{ ePsf] lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 .
d'Qm sd}of k'g:yf{kgfdf hf]8
dw';'wg e§/fO{
g]kfn ;/sf/n] tLg r/0f;Dd sfd ubf{ ;d]t bfªdf ;/sf/af6 kl/ro kq kfPsf ;Dk"0f{ d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ c´} k'gM:yfkgf ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . cGttM du+naf/ ;+;bsf] s[lif tyf ;xsf/L ;ldlt bfª cfP/ bfªdf lqmofzLn /fhg}lts bn, d'Qm sd}of, ;/sf/L sfof{no / ;+3 ;+:yf;“u d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < / of] ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 < eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn u/]sf] 5 . 5nkmndf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 lhNnf e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no bfªsf k|d'v /fh]Gb| kf}8]nn] ut k'; d;fGt;Dd ;/sf/n] k'g:yf{kgf u/]sf] d'Qm sd}ofsf] ;+Vof lbPsf] hUuf / kl/ro kq pknAw u/fOPsf ;Dk"0f{ d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ g;Sg'sf] sf/0f ;d]6L k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
k|ltj]bgdf ;/sf/n] k'; d;fGt;Dd @ ;o $^ d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ !* lj3f & s¶f ;f9] !& w'/ hUuf pknAw u/fPsf] pNn]v 5 . ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg] eg]sf] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu #% So" lkm6 sf7 / !)xhf/ ?k}of dGqfnoaf6 lgsf;f x'g g;s]sf]n] hUuf pknAw u/fOPsf d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ k|bfg ug{ g;lsPsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . k|ltj]bgsf cg;f/ bfª lhNnfdf cem} ;/sf/af6 kl/rokq pknAw u/fOPsf ! ;o ^* d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ k'gM:yfkgf ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . ;fy} ;fd'bflos jgn] hUuf pknAw u/fpg grfxfg], a;f]af; u/]sf :yfgdf d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ %÷% s¶f hUuf gk'Ug] Toxf“ hUuf ck'u x'g],pgLx? To; :yfgjf6 x6\g grfxfg] csf{sf] k"hf{jfnf hUufdf a;]sf] x'“bf hUuf gfkL gS;f ug{ gldNg], :s"n tyf ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] gfddf /x]sf] hUufdf a;f]af; u/]sf] sf/0fn] gfkL gS;f ug{ g;lsPsf], cfjZos k|fljlws hg zlQmsf] sdL, Go"g ;|f]t ;fwg ;dodf dGqfnojf6 /sd lgsf;f x'g g;Sg' >]:tf lkm6 a's / gS;fdf ;/sf/L P]nfgL k|lthUuf b]lvP klg jf:tljstf lkmN8df ;f] hUuf vfnL gePsf] sf/0fn] bfªsf ;Dk"0f{ d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ g;lsPsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . 5nkmndf ;+;bLo ;ldltnfO{ ;'emfj lbb} g]kfnL sf+u|]; bfªsf ;efklt jL/s]z/L uf}tdn] d'Qm sd}of ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;/sf/ pQ/bfoL gag]sf]n] k'gM:yfkgf ug{ g;lsPsf] atfpb} hUuf vl/bsf] nflu ;/sf/n] k};f pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . g]skf Pdfn]sf b]jL kf]v|]nn] sd}ofnfO{ /f]hfuf/Lsf cj;/ glhs ePsf :yfgdf hUuf lbg cfu|x ug'{eof] . g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ljqmdn] ;fd'bflos jgsf] hUuf d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ lbg s]Gb|n] lhNnfnfO{ clwsf/ lbg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . /fli6«o hgdf]rf{sf dlg/fd vgfn / g]skf Plss[tsf d]3/fh e08f/Ln] ;/sf/n] d'Qm sd}of k'g:yf{kgf ug{ lglZrt gLlt to ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .5nkmndf d'Qm sd}of, ;fdfhsL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k'ikf rf}w/Ln] ;/sf/n] kl/ro kq lbg 5'6 ePsf % xhf/ $^ d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ klro kqsf] Joj:yf u/L hUuf pknAw u/fpg dfu ug'{eof] . d'Qm sd}of ;dfh bfªsf 6]saxfb'/ /fpt, u0f]z rf}w/L, zfGtf rf}w/L, dfwj clwsf/L nufotn] d'Qm sd}ofn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] ;d:ofaf/] ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . bfªsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L df]xgs[i0f ;fksf]6fn] d'Qm sd}ofsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg geP zflGt ;'/Iffdf vnn cfpg] ePsfn] To;k|lt ;r]t /xg cfu|x ug'{eof] .
5nkmndf ;+;bLo ;ldltdf ;b:o ;f+;b df]ltb]jL rf}w/Ln] d'Qm sd}ofsf ;d:ofsf] jf:tljstf a'em\g ;DalGwt :yfgdf cfPsf] hfgsf/L lbb} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ca :t/Lo e"ld cfof]u agfpg ;/sf/n] kxn ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cfof]udf d'Qm sd}ofsf k|ltlglwnfO{ klg ;b:o agfpg] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] .
sfd yfn]kl5 ;/sf/n] hUuf lsg]/ eP klg d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ ljt/0f ug'{k5{ eGb} ;+;bLo ;ldltsf csL{ ;b:o s'Gtf zdf{n] jg, s[lif, :yfgLo ljsf; nufotsf dGqfno;+u 5nkmn u/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ kxn eO/x]sf] atfpg'eof]
;ldltn] 5nkmn k'j{ 3f]/fxL :ofgLcDafk'/ l:yt d'Qm sd}of lzlj/df k'uL d'Qm sd}ofn] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:of af/] :ynut cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf nflu s[lif tyf ;xsf/L ;ldltsf ;b:ox? s'Gtf zdf{, b'of]{wg l;+x, df]ltb]jL rf}w/L, s}nfz gfy s;f}wg / /fd hLjg l;+xsf ;fy} ;+;bLo ;lrjfnosf ;x–;lrj /fdz/0f l3ld/] cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;ldltn] af“s], alb{of, s}nfnL / s~rgk'/sf d'Qm sd}ofsf] af/]df klg :ynut cg'udg ug]{ atfOPsf] 5 .
bfªdf rf/ ;o rf}w dtbfg s]Gb|
k|sfz b]jsf]6f
cfufdL r}q @* ut] x'g] ax'k|ltlIft ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu bfª lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{non] kf“r lgjf{rg s]Gb|df ! ;o $! dtbfg s]Gb| /fVg] ePsf] 5 . ! ;o $! dtbfg s]Gb|df lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no bfªn] $ ;o !$ dtk]l6sf /fVg] ;d]t Joj:yf ldnfPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . h;df ! uflj;df slDtdf ! dtk]6Lsf tyf a9Ldf cfjZostf cg';f/ $÷% cf]6f dtk]6Lsf /fVg] ePsf] 5 eg] gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf ! j8fdf ! dtk]6Lsf /fVg] ePsf] 5 .
$ ;o !$ dtbfg s]Gb|df bfª lhNnfsf sl/a # nfv %( xhf/ * ;o ^) dtbftfn] dtbfg ug]{ lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 . o; cGtu{t If]q g+= ! df *@, IF]q g+= @ df &( IF]q g+= # df *(, IF]q g+= $ df (! / IF]q g+= % df *# j6f dtk]6Lsf /fVg] ePsf] 5 . h;cGtu{t ! xhf/ ! ;o %) dtbftf ePsf] :yfgdf ! ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ! k|ToIf lgjf{rg k|0ffnL u/L @ j6f dtk]6Lsf /x]g] 5g\ . clxn] lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{non] ljz]if u/L cWofjlws sfo{x? ul//x]sf] lgjf{rg sfof{no k|d'v e]if/fh l/hfnn] atfpg' eof] .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf dtbftfx?nfO{ dtbfg ;DaGwL hfgsf/L clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] d+l;/ * ut] x'g] eg]s]f lgjf{rgsf nflu !& lbg dtbftf lzIff bfª lhNnfsf ljleGg uflj;df lgjf{rg sfof{non] lbPsf] lyof] eg] casf] cfpg nfu]sf] lgjf{rgsf nflu kmfNu'gsf] klxnf] ;ftfaf6 ljleGg sfo{qmd ul/g] hfgsf/L bfª lgjf{rg sfof{nosf k|d'v l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu ljleGg sFo{qmdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ dtk]6L afs;, d;L, 5fk cflb lgjf{rg cfof]un] lhNnfdf k9fO{;s]sf] / lhNnfdf cfpg af“sL /x]sf] l/hfnn] atfpg' eof] . lgjf{rg sfof{non] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ bfªdf lgjf{rgsf nflu @ xhf/ eGbf a9L sd{rf/L kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf x'“bf x'“b} sd{rf/Lsf] df}h'bf ;+Vof ! xhf/ * ;o dfq /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . o;/L lgjf{rgsf nflu ck'u x'g cfpg] sl/a ^ ;o a9L sd{rf/Lsf lhNnfsf lzIfs lzlIfsfaf6 k"lt{ ul/g] ;d]t lgjf{rg sfof{nosf k|d'v l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
af“sL lgjf{rgsf sfo{x? lgjf{rg clws[tx? lglZrt ePkl5 ul/g] ePsf] 5 . lgjf{rg clws[tdf Jofo jlsn, ;/sf/L jlsn, ;/sf/L sfof{nosf bf];|f] >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx? tf]Sg ;lsg] l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . t/ lgjf{rgsf] /f}gstf d'n'se/Ldf b]lvP klg clxn];Dddf lhNnfdf lqmofzLn /fhgLlts bnx? cfk\gf s'g} klg sfo{ nlu ufp“ ufp“ hfg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
;fy} lgjf{rgsf nflu ;'/Iff Joj:yf u[xdGqfnon] ldnfpg' kg]{ ePklg ;z:q hgkb kl/rfng ug]{ / ck'u ;'/IffsdL{ DofbL k|x/L yKg] ePsf] 5 .
hUuf lkmtf{ ug{ ;j{kIfLo 5nkmn
g]=s=kf=dfcf]jfbLn] sAhf u/]sf ;fj{hlgs tyf JolQmut ;DklQ ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{ ;Gbe{df a'wjf/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ;j{bnLo tyf ;j{kIfLo 5nkmn ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm 5nkmnn] ;ft /fhg}lts bnx?aLr ePsf @# a'“b] ;dembf/Lsf] a'“bf g+= ( df pNn]lvt åGåsf qmddf sAhf ul/Psf ;DklQ lkmtf{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] k'g:yfgf sf ;DaGwdf ljleGg lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . pQm ;xdltdf 3/hUuf lkmtf{ ;DaGBwdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cljnDa cg'/f]w ug]{, sAhf ;DkklQ lkmtf{ ;DaGwdf k|zf;g sfof{non] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L ug]{ olb dfcf]jfLn] hUuf k'ms'jf gu/]df ;ft bnsf] ;dembf/L / dGqfnosf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ cfjZos sf/jf{xL cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . a'wjf/ ;DkGg ;j{bnLo 5nkmndf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf eg] cg'kl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLaf6} sAhf ul/Psf 3/ hUuf lkmtf{ u/fpg] ;j{bnLo 5nkmndf dfcf]jfbLsf] lsg cg'kl:ylt /x\of] t eGg] ;Gbe{df g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ljqmdn] ;"rgfkq;“u s'/fsfgL ub}{ kf6L{sf] cfkm\g} cfGtl/s sfo{qmd to eO;s]sf] / j}7sdf PSsf;L af]nfOPsf]n] pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pQm s'/f l;=l8=cf]=nfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fPsf] pxf“n] atfpg' eof] .hUuf lkmtf{sf] ;Gbe{df /flvPsf] lh1;fdf pxf“n] s]Gb|af6 cflwsfl/s lg0f{o cfPdf sAhf ;DklQ lkmtf{ ul/g] pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ad axfb'/ l8=;L=, gful/s ;dfh bfªsf 6Lsf/fd /]UdL, hgdf]rf{sf e/t e08f/L nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
lgjf{rgkl5 ;a} ;d:ofsf] lgsf; x'g]
ca klg tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgjf{rg gePdf /fhfjfbLn] lz/ p7fpg] / d'n'sdf cl:y/tf pAhg] g]=s=kf=Pdfn]sf :yfoL sld6L ;b:o o'j/fh 1jfnLn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
cg]/f:jjLo" k|f/lDes sld6L dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk; bfªn] z'qmjf/ 3f]/fxLdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{mddf af]Nb} 1jfnLn] To:tf] s'/f atfpg'ePsf] xf] . g]tf 1jfnLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu ljutdf h] h:tf] eP klgca d'n'sdf lgjf{rg agfP/} 5f]8\g] k|lta4tf ;d]t JoQm ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmdsf csf]{ jQmf ljho lj/fh lji6n] :jjLo"sf] lgjf{rg glhlsb} uPsfn] ;a} ljBfyL{x?n] r'gfjsf] jftfj/0f agfpg nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf g]=s=kf=Pdfn] /fKtL c~rn ;b:o /]jtL/d0f zdf{, dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk; k|d'v /fwf zfx,:jjLo' ;efklt afns[i0f 8f“uL, cg]/f:jLo"sf lhNnf cWoIf ljj]s >]i7, , g]lj;+3sf ;Gtf]if kf08] nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
lr;f]sf sf/0f hghLjg k|efljt
ljut s]xL lbgb]lv a9]sf] lr;f]sf sf/0f bfªsf] hghLjg k|efljt ePsf] 5 . Ps ;ftfb]lv a9L xfjf rNg] / tfkqmd 36]sf sf/0f a9L lr;f] ePsf] hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefu lkmN8 sfof{no 3f]/fxLn] hgfPsf] 5 .
ljut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o;jif{ a9L jiff{ ePsf] ;fy} c+u|]hL dlxgf cg';f/df hgj/Ldf tfkqmd 36\g] ePsfn] lr;f] a9]sf] xf] . utjif{sf] t'ngfdf xfn;Dd ! l8u|L ;]N;Lo;n] tfkqmd 36]sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
bfªdf zlgjf/ ^ ldlnln6/ jiff{ eof] eg] cl;gf ;d]t k/]sf] lyof] . o;af6 ;j{;fwf/0fsf] b}lgs hLjgofkgdf s]xL c;lhnf] agfPsf] 5 .
Ps ;ftfb]lv ePsf] v/fa df};dsf sf/0f l5d]sL lhNnf /f]Nkfdf lxdkft ePsf] 5 . lxdkftaf6 b}lgs hghLjg / aflngfnLdf ;d]t k|ToIf k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . ptf ?s'dsf] k]puf, :ofnLufp“, vf/fnufotsf If]qdf lxdkftsf sf/0f b}lgs lbgrof{, aflngfnL tyf oftfoft ;+rfngdf ;d]t c;/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . h;af6 z'qmjfb]lv ?s'ddf oftfoft ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
j}zfvb]lv 3f]/fxLdf kfgLsf] ;'ljwf
;"rgfkq ;+jfbbftf
3f]/fxL ahf/sf pkef]Qmfx?n] vfg]kfgLsf] b'Mv ca a}zfvb]lv v]Kg gkg]{ ePsf] 5 . j}zfvb]lv lqe'jg gu/ gu/ kflnsf j8f gDa/ @, #, $, ^, !) / !! sf pkef]Qmfn] lkpg] kfgLsf] nflu b'Mv v]Kg' gkg]{ 3f]/fxL vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;+:yfn] atfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfn] %) k|ltzt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg #) k|ltzt gu/ljsf; sf]ifsf] C0f nufgL / @) k|ltzt ;+:yfsf pkef]Qmfsf] nufgLdf of] of]hgf lgdf{0f ub}{5 . !) s/f]8 (* nfv ^* xhf/ @ ;o !& ?k}ofsf] nfutdf of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L@)^% j}zfvb]lv kfgL ljt/0f ug{ z'? u/]kl5 lkpg] kfgLsf] nflu pef]Qmfn] b'Mv v]Kg' gkg]{ ePsf] xf] . of]hgfsf] k'; d;fGt;Dd &) k|ltzt sfo{ k"/f ePsf] ;+:yfn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . of] of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f k"/f eO{ kfgL ljt/0f ePkl5 ahf/sf pef]Qmfn] ljxfg / ;f“em u/L lbgdf@ k6s !, ! 306f kfgL eg{ kfpg]5g\ eg] casf] !% jif{;Dd 3f]/fxLsf] j[l4x'g] hg;+VofnfO{ y]Ug ;Sg] Ifdtf of]hgfsf] /x]sf] ;+:yfn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
;+:yfn] kfgLsf] d'xfgsf nflu * :yfgdf hldgleqsf] kfgL aflx/ lgsfn]sf] 5 eg] @ cf]6f d'nsf] kfgL ljt/0f ug{] ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfn] kfgL hDdf ug{ gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ !) sf] ;fj{hlgs d~r glhs #nfv %)xhf/ ln6/ / j8f g+= !! sf] c2}t dfu{df $nfv ln6/ IFdtf ePsf] 6+sL :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 eg] j8f gDa/ ^ sf] dl;gf wgrf}/df / km";]{vfnLdf gof“ 6\of+sL lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . 9f]8]gLsf] k'/fgf] 6\of+sLnfO{ dd{t ul/Psf] 5 . 6\of+sL / cf]e/x8 6ofªsL lgdf{0f k'/feO;s]sf] / kfOk nfOg aLR5fpg] sfd eO/x]sf] ;+:yfsf sfof{no ;lrj Zofd ;'j]bLn] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . of] of]hgf gaGbf;Dd lkpg] kfgL lg/Gt/ cfP tfklg sd kfgL cfpg] :yfgdf @ lbgsf] !k6s cfp5 gcfPdf #, $ lbgsf] ! k6s kfgL yfk]/ ef8fdf /fvL vfg'k/]sf] ahf/IF]qsf pkef]Qmfx? atfp“5g\ .
of] of]hgfsf] ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd cGt/ut :ju{åf/L Pkm=Pd= b]lv x]DkfOknfO{ cG8/u|fpG8 u/Ls6'jfvf]nf ;Dd ahf/sf] kmf]x/ kmflng ePsf] 5 . of]hgf ;kmn eP/ kfgL ljt/0f sfo{ ;'? ul/Pdf oL pkef]Qmfn] ;lhn};“u lkpg] kfgL k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] ljZjf; ;+:yfn] lnPsf] 5 . t/ pkef]Qmfn] kfgL lkPjfkmt slt ?k}of ltg{'k5{ eGg] cem} lglZrt gePsf] sfof{no ;lrj ;'j]bLn] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 .
o'jf ;b\efj 6f]nL bfªdf
zflGt tyf k'glgdf{0f dGqfnon] bfªdf /x]sf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf a'em\g k7fPsf] o'jf ;b\efj ofqfsf] 6f]nLn] d+unjf/ åGåsf] ;dodf t'n;Lk'/df IFlt ePsf] ;NofgL /fhb/af/, tTsflng zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] Ps};fy !@ hgf ls;fgnfO{ xTof u/]sf] ju{2L ufp“ / tLg hgf lj:yflktsf] 3/sf] :ynut cg'udg u/]sf] 5 .
To;kl5 a'wjf/ 6f]nLn] bfªdf lqmofzLn /fhg}lts bn, gful/s ;dfh, kqsf/ / lj:yflktx?;+u lhNnfsf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf af/]df hfgsf/L lnof] .
5nkmnsf ;xefuLx?n] 6f]nLnfO{ lhNnfdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog geO{ pn+3g ePsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] lj:yflktsf hUuf lkmtf{ ug{ lgb]{zg lbPklg lhNnf txdf lkmtf{ gul/Psf] xTof, lx+;fsf 36gfx? g/f]lsPsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . 5nkmn bfªsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L df]xg s[i0f ;fksf]6fsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . 6f]nLdf ;ft /fhg}lts bnsf o'jf eft[ ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw / zflGt tyf k'g lgdf{0f dGqfnosf # sd{rf/Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . 6f]nLn] bfª nufot af+s] / s}nfnLdf klg zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf cg'udg u/L zflGt tyf k'gMlgdf{0f dGqfnodf k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . dGqfnon] o'jf ;b\efj ofqdf o;afx]s # 6f]nL k"j{ tkm{ cWoog ug{ k7fPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . dGqfnosf] s]xL ;do cufl8 a;]sf] j}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ o'jfnfO{ kl/rfng u/L !@ lhNnfdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:Yff a'em\g k7fOPsf] xf] .
ljwfosåf/f /sd ljlgof]hg
ljwfos gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{n] lgjf{rgsf nflu k|fKt x'g] !) nfv /sd dWo]af6 /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifbnfO{ / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ejg lgdf{gfy{ ;f9] b'O{ nfv ?k}of 5'6\ofpg' ePsf] 5 .
/fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifbnfO{ ! nfv %) xhf/ / kqsf/ dxf;+3nfO{ ! nfv, ju{åL a]n'jfdf zlxb kl/jf/nfO{ cfocfh{g tyf ;+rfngsf nflu ^) xhf/, t'n;Lk'/ SofDk; / b]pv'/L ax'd'vL SofDk;df ejgsf] ;xof]ufy{ %)÷%) xhf/ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L ljwfos zdf{n] df=lj=aofn], k|f=lj=/ftfdf6f, k|f=lj=a]nf gfsf, k|f=lj=d6]/Lof, /fhk'/ k|f=lj=x'?d df=lj=a'sfsf] ef}lts ;'wf/sf nflu #)÷#) xhf/ tyf /fdk'/sf] pRr df=lj=sf] ;'wf/sf nflu %) xhf/ 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .To;}u/L j[4f>d ;'g8a/Lsf] kvf{n lgdf{0f ug{ #) xhf/ / x]s'nL df}nL hGb|fufp“sf] af6f] lgdf{0fsf] nflu $) xhf/ ?k}of ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 .
