What is “PM10”?
PM10 is a measurement unit for dust particles present in the air. In technical terms, PM10 means Particulate Matter with diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometer. Its measurement unit is microgram per cubic meter.

What are the types of air quality?
There are five levels of air quality depending upon the amount of dust. They are as follows:

Where are the air quality stations?
Air Quality of Kathmandu Valley is recorded at six stations daily, but the data is compiled on a weekly basis. The six stations are Putali Sadak, Matsyagaon, Tribhuvan University, Bhaktapur, Patan Hospital and Thamel.

Ministry of Environment and Population runs the stations under the assistance of Danish agency, Danida.

Valley air quality deteriorates                                                    What is PM10 ?

The air quality of the Kathmandu Valley deteriorated for the third consecutive week in all monitoring stations with the exception of the Putalisadak monitoring station.

According to the data recorded in the website of Ministry of Environment and Population, pollution levels increased in all monitoring stations except the Putalisadak area from December 25 to 31 as compared to the previous period.

The Putalisadak area was the most polluted site while the Matsyagaon area was the least polluted.

The Putalisadak area recorded a weekly average (based on the daily averages) of 379.29 PM10 down from previous period’s 430.71 PM10. The area recorded ‘hazardous’ air marks for two days and ‘very unhealthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ air marks for two and three days respectively.

The Matsyagaon area recorded 'good’ air marks for three days and ‘moderate’ air marks for four days with a weekly average (based on the daily averages) of 63.57 PM10 up from previous period’s 47.00 PM10, according to the data.

The Patan Hospital, Thamel, Bhaktapur and Matsyagaon areas were the second, third, fourth and fifth most polluted sites in the Valley. These areas recorded weekly averages of 270.28 PM10, 216.28 PM10, 193.50 PM10 and 104.28 PM10 respectively up from 244.85 PM10, 196.71 PM10, 181.00 PM10 and 84.57 PM10.

Weekly air quality report : Dec 25 -31

Date	Putalisadak	Matsyagaon	Kirtipur	Bhaktapur	Patan Hospital	Thamel
2005/12/25	426	71	97	161	249	241
2005/12/26	475	52	110	226	291	214
2005/12/27	371	52	114	N/A	232	202
2005/12/28	344	59	81	N/A	248	216
2005/12/29	377	69	110	N/A	249	193
2005/12/30	314	75	104	N/A	318	227
2005/12/31	348	67	114	N/A	305	221
	379.29	63.57	104.28	193.50	270.28	216.28

( * The Kathmandu Valley Weekly Average data is compiled by Nepalnews. Other data obtained from the Ministry of Population and Environment).

Five day’s data of Bhaktapur monitoring station were not available during the period.

Kritipur area recorded ‘moderate’ air marks throughout the week, while the air marks of rest of the monitoring stations for the entire period recorded ‘unhealthy’.

The overall outdoor air quality of Kathmandu valley on Tuesday (January 3) was 'unhealthy’ recording 290 µgm/m3. nepalnews.com pb Jan 05 06

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Capital air quality further deteriorates                                                     What is PM10 ?

The pollution level the Kathmandu Valley deteriorated from December 18 to December 24 as compared to the previous week.

According to the data recorded by the Ministry of Environment and Population, the weekly averages of the air pollution levels (based on the daily averages) registered an increase in all monitoring stations.

The Putalisadak area monitoring station was the most polluted site recording a weekly average of 430.71 PM10, up from the previous period's 401.00 PM10. The area recorded ‘very unhealthy’ air marks for three days and ‘hazardous’ for the remaining three days.

Patan Hospital and Thamel area were the second and third most polluted sites in the Valley during the period recording weekly averages of 244.85 PM10 and 196.71 PM10 up from 208.57 PM10 and 181.71 PM10 respectively. Both monitoring stations recorded ‘unhealthy’ air marks throughout the week.

Weekly air quality report : Dec 18 -24

Date	Putalisadak	Matsyagaon	Kirtipur	Bhaktapur	Patan Hospital	Thamel
2005/12/18	324	44	84	157	266	192
2005/12/19	389	49	84	N/A	173	168
2005/12/20	395	42	66	N/A	211	196
2005/12/21	396	41	78	N/A	247	199
2005/12/22	593	46	87	205	282	184
2005/12/23	448	57	89	N/A	294	215
2005/12/24	470	50	104	N/A	241	221
	430.71	47.00	84.57	181.00	244.85	196.71

( * The Kathmandu Valley Weekly Average data is compiled by Nepalnews. Other data obtained from the Ministry of Population and Environment).

Five day’s data of the Bhaktapur monitoring station were not available. The data of Bhaktapur monitoring station were not available throughout the previous week also.

Kirtipur and Matsyagaon area recorded weekly averages of 84.57 PM10 and 47.00 PM10 respectively up from 66.42 PM10 and 41.42 of the previous week.

Kirtipur and Matsyagaon monitoring stations recorded ‘Moderate’ and ‘good’ air marks respectively throughout the week.

The overall outdoor air quality of Kathmandu valley on Tuesday (December 27) was 'unhealthy’ recording 202 µgm/m3. nepalnews.com pb Dec 29 05

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Capital air quality worsens                                                               What is PM10 ?

The pollution level the Kathmandu Valley deteriorated from December 11 to December 17 as compared to the previous week.

According to the data recorded by the Ministry of Environment and Population, the weekly averages of the air pollution levels (based on the daily averages) registered an increase in all monitoring stations.

The Putalisadak area monitoring station was the most polluted site recording a weekly average of 301.00 PM10, up from the previous period's 2248.57 PM10. The area recorded ‘unhealthy’ air marks throughout the week.

Weekly air quality report : Dec 11 -17

Date	Putalisadak	Matsyagaon	Kirtipur	Bhaktapur	Patan Hospital	Thamel
2005/12/11	271	55	63	N/A	161	150
2005/12/12	312	44	51	N/A	206	185
2005/12/13	325	45	75	N/A	255	206
2005/12/14	303	38	62	N/A	235	165
2005/12/15	293	39	80	N/A	211	176
2005/12/16	271	31	67	N/A	203	188
2005/12/17	332	38	67	N/A	189	202
	301.00	41.42	66.42	N/A	208.57	181.71

( * The Kathmandu Valley Weekly Average data is compiled by Nepalnews. Other data obtained from the Ministry of Population and Environment).

Patan Hospital and Thamel area were the second and third most polluted sites in the Valley during the period recording weekly averages of 208.57 PM10 and 181.71 PM10 up from 192.14 PM10 and 155.14 PM10 respectively.

Both the monitoring stations recorded ‘unhealthy’ air marks throughout the week.

Data of the Bhaktapur monitoring station were not available throughout the week. The monitoring station recorded a weekly average of 114.50 PM10 in the previous week.

Kirtipur and Matsyagaon area recorded weekly averages of 66.42 PM10 and 41.42 PM10 respectively up from 60.57 PM10 and 40.00 PM10 last week.

Matsyagaon monitoring station recorded ‘good’ air marks throughout the week. nepalnews.com pb Dec 23 05

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Capital air quality improves                                                               What is PM10 ?

The air quality in most of the monitoring stations of the Kathmandu Valley improved from December 4 to 10 as compared to the previous week.

According to the data recorded by the Ministry of Environment and Population, the weekly averages of the air pollution levels (based on the daily averages) registered a decrease in all monitoring stations except Matsyagaon and Thamel monitoring stations as compared to the previous week.

The Matsyagaon monitoring station recorded slight increase in the pollution level reaching 40.00 PM10 up from 36.42 PM10 of the previous week. Likewise, the pollution level of Thamel monitoring station increased to 155.14 PM10 up from 145.57 PM10 last week.

Like the previous week, the Putalisadak area monitoring station was the most polluted site recording a weekly average of 248.57 PM10, down from the previous period's 250.28 PM10. The area recorded "unhealthy" air marks throughout the week.

Weekly air quality report : Dec 04 -10

Date	Putalisadak	Matsyagaon	Kirtipur	Bhaktapur	Patan Hospital	Thamel
2005/12/04	274	35	50	107	192	156
2005/12/05	227	46	63	122	196	125
2005/12/06	236	53	60	N/A	196	161
2005/12/07	255	43	66	N/A	203	155
2005/12/08	250	33	65	N/A	214	155
2005/12/09	254	36	62	N/A	174	173
2005/12/10	244	34	58	N/A	170	161
	248.57	40.00	60.57	114.50	192.14	155.14

( * The Kathmandu Valley Weekly Average data is compiled by Nepalnews. Other data obtained from the Ministry of Population and Environment).

The Patan Hospital area was the second most polluted site recording a weekly average of 192.14 PM10 down from 204.57 PM10.

Bhaktapur and Kirtipur monitoring stations recorded a weekly average of 114.50 PM10 and 60.57 PM10 down from 127.00 PM10 and 62.71 PM10.

The Patan Hospital and Thamel area recorded “unhealthy” air marks throughout the week, while Matsyagaon monitoring station recorded “Good” air marks throughout the week.

The overall outdoor air quality of Kathmandu valley on Tuesday (December 12) was 'unhealthy’ recording 185 µgm/m3. nepalnews.com pb Dec 18 05

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November 2005 Mope

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