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;a}eGbf hl6n ;d:of h:tf] b]lvG5 . ljsl;t x'g jf ljsf;zLn /fi6«df ltgdf e|i6frf/ 5,
w]/} yf]/}sf] s'/f dfq} xf] . blIf0f Pl;ofdf t of] ;d:of cToflws /x]sf] s'/f xfn}
k|sflzt o'=Pg=l8=kL= jflif{ssf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;d]t k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfndf t e|i6frf/sf] ;Ldf
g} 5}g . #) jif]{ k~rfotL Joj:yfdf 36]sf] @)@& ;fnsf] 8n/sf08b]lv )#^ ;fnsf]
;k{sf] 5fnft:s/Lsf08 h:tf e|i6frf/sf b[i6fGtnfO{ klg pl5Gg]vfnsf 3f]6fnf jx'bnLo
k|hftGqsf] cfudgkl5sf !) jif{;Dd klg eO/x]sf 5g\ . cfh /fhgLlt k|b"lift 5 .
/fhgLlt ug]{ sfo{stf{b]lv g]tf;Dd j8f sfof{nob]lv ;+;b;Dd, k|zf;gsf tNnf sd{rf/Lb]lv
dflyNnf] sd{rf/L;Dd / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgb]lv ahf/ Joj:yf;Dd e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf tYo
kfOG5g\ . e|i6frf/ hxfFtxLF 5, e|i6frf/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;F:s[ltsf] cË alg;s]sf] 5
eGbf klg cTo'lQm x'Fb}g . e|i6frf/ / e|i6frf/L ;dfhdf ;Ddflgt / k|ltli7t 5g\ .
cg'lrt sfo{ u/L, clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u u/L hlt ;DklQ sdfof] plt ;dfhn] :ofjf;L lbg] k|rng
oxfF al9/x]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f t'?Gt} x'g
g;Sg] bL3{ /f]u xf] . To;}n] ljut s]xL ;dob]lv aGb} cfPsf ;/sf/x¿n] e|i6frf/
lgoGq0fnfO{ cfˆgf] k|d'v ljifo agfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L @)%^ ;fnsf] cfd
lgjf{rgaf6 ax'dt k|fKt u/L u7g ePsf] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] k|d'v Ph]08f klg e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f
ag]sf] 5 . o;y{, o; ;/sf/sf] u7g;Fu;Fu} k|wfgdGqLb]lv cGo dGqLx¿n] klg e|i6frf/
lgoGq0f ;aGwdf cfˆgf] k|ltj4tf JoQm ul/;s]sf 5g\ . / ;f]xL adf]lhd ut k'; !
ut]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfp ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . /
@)%^ ;fn if}if * ut] pQm ;ldltsf] a}7s af]nfO k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{åf/f ;ldltnfO{
cfˆgf] sfo{ ug{ lgb]{zg ;d]t eO;s]sf] 5 . pQm ;ldltsf] u7g kZrft Psflt/ >L %
sf] ;/sf/sf] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fdf /x]sf] p;sf] k|lta4tf / u+eL/tf :ki6 ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/
pQm ;ldlt u7g;Fu} s]xL HjnGt k|Zgx¿ klg p7]sf 5g\ . s] pQm ;ldltn] of] ;d:ofs]f
lg/fs/0fdf ;'lDkPsf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;Snf < e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfp ;ldlts]f
cf}lrTo s] xf] < ;ldltn] b'O{ dlxgfleq /fo ;'emfp ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ lhDdf
;'lDkPsf] 5 , s] lgwf{l/t ;dodf Tof] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;'emfp ;ldlt ;kmn xf]nf <
;ldltåf/f k|:t't k|ltj]bg s] sfof{Gjog xf]nf < hxfF;Dd o; ;'emfp ;ldltsf]
cf}lrTosf] k|Zg 5, o:tf vfnsf ;ldlt tyf sfo{bn o;cl3 klg u7g gePsf xf]Ogg\ . ;+;b\df
;d]t ;f+;b k/L yfkfsf] /fh:j cg';Gwfg ;ldlt u7g eP/ p;n] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/;s]sf] / pQm
k|ltj]bg To;} ldlNs/x]sf] l:ylt klg 5 . o:tf ;'emfp ;ldltsf] cf}lrTo k|ltj]bgsf]
sfof{Gjogaf6 dfq k'li6 x'g] ub{5 . o; ;ldltn] lgwf{l/t b'O{ dlxgfleq cfˆgf] sfo{
;DkGg ug{ o;sf/0f ;Sb}g ls o;sf] sfo{If]q Jofks / lj:t[t 5 . e|i6frf/ h:tf] hl6n
;d:of hf] k|zf;lgs, Jofkfl/s / /fhgLlts If]qdf x'g] ub{5 ;a} If]qsf ;d:ofx¿ klxrfg u/L
;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ ;d]t l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{ sfo{ pQm ;doleq c;Dejk|foM g} 5 . csf]{ s'/f
;'emfp ;ldltsf JolQmx¿dWo] k|foM k]zfdf cTolws Jo:t dflg;x¿ ePsf] x'gfn] pgLx¿n] ;do s]
slt lgsfNg ;Qm5g\, To;df klg ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ 7fpF 5 . /fi6«sf] hNbf]aNbf] ;d:ofsf]
af/]df ;"Id ¿kdf cWoog / cg';Gwfg u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ kQf nufO{ ;/sf/nfO{ p;sf]
sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ clek|fon] ul7t ;'emfp ;ldltn] jf:tjd} tf]lsPsf] sfd OdfGbf/Lk"j{s
ug]{ xf] / k|ltj]bgsf] klg sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/ Tolts} k|efjsf/L / OdfGbf/ x'g] xf] eg]
lglZrt ¿kdf o; ;'emfp ;ldlt cf}lrTok"0f{, dxTjk"0f{ / cy{k"0f{ 7x/ x'g] g}
5 . gq eg] o; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg klg c¿ cfof]u / ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg;/x cf}lrToxLg
x'g;Qm5 . e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f / lgoGq0f ug]{ p2]Zon] xfdLsxfF y'k|} P]g sfg'gx¿
cl:tTjdf 5g\ . /fi6«;]jsx¿åf/f x'g] cg'lrt sfo{ tyf e|i6frf/ /f]Sg / s;'/bf/nfO{
;hfo ug]{ p2]Zon] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& n] y'k|} sfg'gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;
P]g cGtu{tsf s;'/df cg';Gwfg u/L ;/sf/L jlsnsf] /fo;lxt ljz]if k|x/L clws[tn] lhNnf
cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefuLo sf/jfxL;d]t ug]{ clwsf/ ljz]if k|x/L
ljefudf lglxt 5 . t/ xfn ljz]if k|x/L ljefusf] sfo{If]q sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/df
dfq ;Lldt u/fOPsf] 5 . tL lhNnfafx]s cGo lhNnfdf eg] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!&
cg';f/ txlssft ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfn
clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] efu !@ n] :jL8]g, lkmgNof08 / 8]gdfs{df h:t} xfdLsxfF klg
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmn] ug]{ cg'lrt sfo{ / clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u u/L ug]{ e|i6frf/sf]
;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg txlssft u/L ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ clwsf/;lxt Ps
;+j}wflgs cËsf] ¿kdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;
cfof]usf] k|efjsfl/tfdf y'k|} k|Zgx¿ v8f ePsf klg 5g\ . of] cfof]uåf/f k'g/fj]bg
cbfntdf bfo/ ul/g] clwsf+z d'2fdf cfof]un] xf/]sf] / s;'/bf/n] ;kmfO kfPsf] l:ylt 5 .
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (* n] s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ jf e|i6frf/ u/L
clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfgn] 5'§} Joj:yf ul/Psf kbflwsf/L / ;}lgs P]g
adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g] kbflwsf/L afx]s cGo kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/ cGtu{t
cg';Gwfg / txlssft u/L sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; cfof]usf]
If]qflwsf/ cGtu{t k|wfgdGqL, dGqLx¿ / ;f+;bx¿;d]t kg]{ dg;fo ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (* sf] xf]
eGb} afns[i0f Gof}kfg]sf] d'2fdf @)%# ;fndf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 JofVof;d]t ePaf6 cfof]un]
k|wfgdGqL;d]tnfO{ cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/df kfg{;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] pQm dg;fo
cGtu{t c=b'=c=cf= P]g @)$* klg ag]sf] 5, h;n] GofofwLzx¿, o;} cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo
cfo'Qmx¿, nf]s;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf, k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cGo cfo'Qm, dxfn]vf k/LIfs /
;}lgs kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ sf/jfxLsf] ljifoeGbf aflx/ 5f8]sf] 5 . c=b'=c= cfof]unfO{
;+ljwfgn] …cDa'8;DofgÚsf] ¿kdf :jtGq /fv]sf] 5 . of] ;+:yf /fhgLltaf6 klg cnu
/xg'kb{5 . o;/L e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f / lgoGq0f ug{ y'k|} sfg'gL k|fjwfg /x] ePsf
kfOG5g\ . t/ e|i6frf/sf] kl/efiff sxLF st} gePsf] x'gfn] o; ;ldltn] e|i6frf/sf] Jofks
kl/efiff u/L P]gsf] ;+zf]wg ug'{ u/fpg ;'emfp k]z ug'{kb{5 . /fhgLlts e|i6frf/,
Jofkfl/s e|i6frf/ / k|zf;lgs e|i6frf/ ;d]tnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L e|i6frf/sf] kl/efiff ug'{ h?/L
5 . 3'; vfg' dfq e|i6frf/ dfGg' Hofb} k/Dk/fut / ;fF3'/f] kl/efiff xf] . 3f]lift
p2]Zocg'¿k h'g cfr/0f ug'{kg]{ xf], lhDd]jf/L jf g}lts bfloTj h'g k"/f ug'{kg]{ xf]
To;af6 e|i6 x'g' cyjf Ro't x'g' klg e|i6frf/ xf] . sfg'gdf /x]sf sdhf]/Ls}
sf/0f e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g g;s]sf] cjZo xf]Og . sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] ;+:yf
jf lgsfosf] ck|efjsfl/tf, OdfGbfl/tfsf] cefjsf sf/0f g} e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g g;s]sf]
xf] . c=b'=c=cf= sf] ljsNkdf ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0f cGtu{t csf]{ cfof]u agfpFbf cfo'Qm x'G5
ls < eGg] ;jfndf klg o; lgsfo ;+j}wflgs lgsfo xf] / o; cGtu{t g} o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg' plrt x'G5 . csf]{ cfof]u jf o;} lgsfosf] Joj:yf ubf{ cDj'8;Dofgsf] cjwf/0ffdf
g} rf]6 k'Ug ;Qm5 . 5'§} lgsfo hf] k|wfgdGqLsf] lgoGq0fdf /xf];\, To;n] k|efjsf/L
sfd ug{ ;Qm5 ls eGg] ;Gbe{df ljz]if k|x/L ljefu jf To:t} lgsfo k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{no cGtu{t
/fVbf p;n] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfd ug{ ;lsxfN5 eGg] klg 5}g . ef/tsf] ;L=aL=cfO{= s]Gb|Lo
;/sf/sf] cwLgdf 5 tfklg k|efjsf/L / ;lqmo o;sf/0f 5 ls p;;Fu bIf hgzlQm, ;'ljwf;DkGg
k|fljlws hgzlQm, j}1flgs pks/0f Pj+ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cefj 5}g . xfdLsxfF g t ljz]if k|x/L
ljefu;Fu, g t c=b'=c=cfof]u;Fu g} ;L=aL=cfO{=sf] h:t} ;+oGq / pks/0f 5 . o;y{ ljz]if
k|x/L ljefusf] cf}lrTodfly g} zÍf v8f eO/x]sf] l:yltdf o;nfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{no cGtu{t
/fVbf eg] o;sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf lj:tf/ x'g;Qm5 . ;fy} o; ljefudf bIf hgzlQm, kbflwsf/L
tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{, k|of]uzfnfsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{
cfjZostf klg Tolts} 5 . clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ;+j}wflgs ;+/rgf vnalng]
u/L 5'§} lgsfosf] Joj:yf ug'{ plrt x'Fb}g . t/ ljz]if k|x/L ljefunfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf]
sfof{no cGtu{t /fvL clwsf/ / sfo{If]q lgwf{/0f eg] ug'{kb{5 . c=b'=c=cfof]usf]
k|efjsfl/tfsf] lgldQ klg cfof]unfO{ bIf, k|fljlwo'Qm hgzlQmåf/f ;DkGg, ;'ljwfx¿df j[l4
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, cfof]u;Fu cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ j}1flgs pks/0f,
k|of]uzfnf OToflb ;d]t 5}gg\ . p;;Fu cfkm\gf] sd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]t 5}gg\ . cfof]un]
lhNnf:t/df zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng'kb{5 . cfˆgf :yfoLvfnsf sd{rf/Lx¿ x'g' h?/L 5,
cGoyf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Låf/f sfo{;Dkfbg ubf{ x:tIf]k, l9nf;':tL / c;'ljwf h:tf ;d:of;Fu ;fdfg
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . c=b'=c= cfof]u P]g, @)$* df ;+zf]wg u/L e|i6frf/ ljz]ifvfnsf] ck/fw
xf] o;nfO{ hlt ;lhNo} cg'e"lt ug{ ;lsG5 k|df0fsf] cfwf/df To;nfO{ :yflkt ug{ Tolts}
sl7g klg 5 . o;y{, k|df0fsf] cefj b]vfpFb} cbfntn] cfof]unfO{ x/fO/x]sf] kfOG5 .
o;y{ k|df0fsf] ef/ k|ltjfbLdf lglxt u/fpg'kg]{ / cg'dflgt s;'/nfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbO{
e|i6frf/LnfO{ s8feGbf s8f ;hfosf] Joj:yf ug'kg]{ x'G5 . …cDj'8;DofgÚ cjwf/0ff
cg';f/, ;+:yfn] ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg / txlssft u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ jf d'2f
bfo/ ug]{;Dd ;Lldt /fVg'kb{5 . c=b'=c= cfof]un] cfkm}F cg';Gwfg ug{ / p;}n] ;hfo lbg'
pko'Qm gx'g] ePsf] x'gfn] ;hfo lbg] clwsf/ c=b'=c= cfof]unfO{ lbg'kb{5 eGg] ts{ cg'lrt
5 . e|i6frf/sf] 5fglag / sf/jfxL k"jf{u|x k|]l/t eg] x'g'x'Fb}g . cfof]uåf/f nl8g] d'2fx¿
;/sf/jfbL eO{ ;~rfng x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;/sf/L jlsnn] jx;, k}/jL / k|lt/Iff
k"jf{u|x/lxt tj/af6 ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{, ljBdfg P]g sfg'gdf ck/fwLnfO{ ;hfo ug]{tkm{
pGd'v x'g'kg]{, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf cbfntL wf/0ff hf] pbf;Lg / lgliqmo 5 To;nfO{ kl/jt{g
u/L ;lqmo / ;[hgzLn agfpg'kg]{, e|i6frf/;DaGwL ljjfbx¿df :jtGq jlsn / jf/sf]
e"ldsfdf clej[l4 ug'{kg]{ h:tf ;'emfp lbg ;lsG5 . To;}u/L ljz]if cbfntsf] Joj:yf
ug{ tTsfn ;/sf/ c;Ifd / cgfjZos;d]t ePsf]n] 5'§} ljz]if cbfntsf] Joj:yf ug'{eGbf ;DalGwt
cbfntx¿d} 5'§} a]~rsf] Joj:yf u/L o:tf d'2fx¿df l56f] / 5l/tf] ¿kdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{
Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . To;}u/L e|i6frf/ cfly{s kl/36gf dfq xf]Og, o;sf ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts, dgf]j}1flgs kIfx¿;d]t 5g\, o;}n] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df o:tf cGo
kIfx¿nfO{ klg a]jf:tf ug{ ldNb}g . sfg'gn] dfq e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g] xf]Og .
sfg'g t k|of]ustf{df e/ kb{5 . sfg'gsf] k|of]ustf{ g} /fli6«o efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t eO{
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s st{Jo lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ rl/qsf] x'g'k5{ . o;sf cltl/Qm e|i6frf/
lgoGq0fsf lgldQ /fhgLltsIf]qn] g} ljz]if k|lta4tfsf ;fy OdfGbf/Lk"j{s sfd
ug'{kb{5 ;fy} GofoIf]qsf] e|i6frf/ x6fpg'kg]{, /fghLlts bnsf] n]vf kf/bzL{
agfOg'kg]{, lg/ª\s'ztf e|i6frf/sf] sf/s ePsf]n] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf k|hftfGqLs/0f x'g'kg]{,
e|i6frf/ x'g} glbg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/g'kg]{, cbfnt ;lqmo x'g'kg]{, e|i6frf/ ;fdflhs /f]u
ePsf] x'Fbf GofofwLz pQm /f]usf] pkrf/sf] lgldQ pbf;Lg aGg g;Sg], e|i6frf/LnfO{ ;dfhdf pRr
;Ddfg lbg'sf] ;§f gª\Uofpg'kg]{, e|i6frf/ lj?4 ljleGg cleofg ;~rfng ug'{kg]{, k|To]s
gful/sn] gftfjfb, eg;'gjfb OToflbdf ljZjf; gug'{kg]{, e|i6frf/LnfO{ b08 / OdfGbf/nfO{
k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, cg'dflgt s;'/sf] cfwf/df ;hfo ug'{kg]{, sd{rf/Lsf] tna
a9fpg'kg]{, ;'ljwfx¿ a9fpg'kg]{, lgjf{rgsf] lgikIftf, OdfGbf/ / k|lta4 /fhgLltdf hf]8
lbg'kg]{ h:tf ;'emfpx¿ lbg ;lsG5 . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgleq dfcf]jfbLnfO{ x]bf{ /fdk|;fb cfrfo{ olta]nf cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf]
rfxgf eg]s} ;du| cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ ult k|bfg u/L zflGt, ;d[l4 / ;b\efjsf] clej[l4 ug'{
xf] . of] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+j}wflgs / dfgjclwsf/jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ /
dof{lbt lsl;dn] cl3 a9fpg' cfjZos klg 5 . ;+ljwfglj/f]wL cfGbf]ng cyf{t\ dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4sf gfddf rnfOPsf] cftÍ / lx+;f g]kfn, g]kfnL hgtf / g]kfns} /fli6«otfsf] lxtsf nflu
:jLsfo{ 5}g ;fy} sbflk :jLsfo{ x'g] 5}g . dfcf]jfbL eGg cfkm"nfO{ ?rfpg]x¿n]
olb of] /fi6« / hgtfsf] ;du| lxt / ;d'Ggltsf nflu s]xL of]ubfg ug'{5 / ug'{kb{5 eGg]
bfloTjaf]w ug]{ g} xf] eg] klxn] ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/fleq cfP/ cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff
ug'{kb{5 . cfhsf] ;Gbe{df ;+j}wflgs cfGbf]ng dfq kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs aGg ;S5 .
hËndf a;]/, aGb's / ad k8\sfP/, hgtf df/]/ /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ;Dej} 5}g . @)$^ ;fnsf] ;kmn
hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt ePsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfg / ;+;bLo k|hftflGqs zf;g Joj:yf g} g]kfnL hgtfsf]
cf:yf / w/f]x/ xf] . oxL Joj:yf cGtu{t pGglt, ljsf; / zflGt k|fKt xf];\ egL
cfdhgtfn] sfdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . hgtfn] clxn] s'g} klg PsbnLo clwgfosjfbL zf;g Joj:yf,
lg/Í'z /fhtGq jf ;}lgstGq rfx]sf 5}gg\ . hgtf k|hftGqsf kIfdf 5g\, ;+j}wflgs
/fhtGqsf kIfdf 5g\, zflGt / d]nldnfksf kIfdf 5g\ eg] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] cf}lrTo s] <
dfcf]jfbLx¿n] of] s'/fnfO{ /fd|/L a'‰g'kb{5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] hgdtsf] sb/ ug]{
xf], g]kfnsf] pGglt / k|ult rfxg] xf], g]kfnsf] :jfwLgtf / :jfledfgnfO{ hf]ufO/fVg] xf] /
g]kfnnfO{ zflGtlk|o d'n's agfO/fVg] xf] eg] c;+j}wflgs dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 TofuL
cf–cfˆgf] 3/ kms{g'kb{5 . ;+j}wflgs cfGbf]ngsf y'k|} cj;/ / af6fx¿
x'Fbfx'Fb} ltgsf] pkof]u / ;b'kof]u gu/L c;+j}wflgs af6f] ;dfpg' s'g} klg xfntdf
a'l4dQfk"0f{ sfo{ xf]Og . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] c;+j}wflgs af6f] ;dfpg] unt lg0f{o
u/]s} kl/0ffd:j¿k olt 5f]6f] cjlwdf ;of}Fsf ;of}F lgxTyf, lgbf]{if g]kfnL hgtfn] Hofg
u'dfpg'k/]sf] 5, cËeË x'g'k/]sf] 5, lx+;f / cftÍsf] qf;k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf afFRg'
kl//x]sf] 5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng g]kfnsf nflu clezfk l;4 ePsf]
5 . ca o;nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf] ;+1f lbg klg ;'xfpFb}g . dfcf]jfbLx¿n] hgo'4sf gfddf
jt{dfg ;+ljwfg / Joj:yfnfO{ g} lvNnL p8fpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] of] ;+ljwfg /
Joj:yfnfO{ g} gdfGg] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g\ . of] hgo'4sf] cjlwdf pgLx¿n] jt{dfg
;+ljwfg / Joj:yf cg';f/sf] s'g} klg cfr/0f / Jojxf/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;+j}wflgs bfo/fleq
cfO{ jftf{ ug]{ ;/sf/ / /fli6«o /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] cfXjfg / efjgfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]sf
5g\ . pgLx¿ ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/fleq cfO{ jftf{ ug{ klg rfxFb}gg\, ;fy} of] Joj:yf /
;+ljwfgnfO{ s'NrFb} cftÍ / lx+;fsf] af6f]nfO{ klg TofUb}g eg] ca of] ;+ljwfg / Joj:yfsf]
/Iffsf nflu s] pkfo cjnDag ug]{ < of] k|Zg lgs} hl6n ¿kdf pkl:yt ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf jt{dfg
;+ljwfgn] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4nfO{ s'g} :yfg lbPsf] 5}g . ;+j}wflgs cfFvfn] x]bf{
dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 c;+j}wflgs lqmofsnfk xf] . h'g sfo{ ug{ ;+j}wflgs :jLs[lt 5}g,
;+ljwfgn] k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 . c;+j}wflgs lqmofsnfk ug]{ JolQm jf ;d"xn] tL
lqmofsnfk TofuL ;+j}wflgs bfo/fleq cfpF5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"lt
u/]sf clwsf/sf] pkof]u ug{;Sg] s'/f klg ;+ljwfgn] g} :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
t/, ;+ljwfg / Joj:yf gdfGg]x¿ ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/fleq cfpFb}gg\ eg] pgLx¿l;t ;+j}wflgs jftf{
x'g} ;Sb}g . ;+ljwfg aflx/ a;]/ jftf{ ug]{ clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn] ;/sf/nfO{ klg lbPsf]
5}g . To;}n], dfcf]jfbLx¿ lx+;f / cftÍjfbL ultljlw Tofu]/ ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/fleq
cfpFb}gg\ eg] ;/sf/n] pgLx¿;Fu jftf{ ug]{ uNtL ug'{x'Fb}g . dfcf]jfbL cftÍ lbg k|ltlbg
rs{Fb} / km}lnFb} hfg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f eg]sf] dfcf]jfbL cftÍlj?4 PsLs[t ;f]r / sfo{qmd aGg
g;s]sf]n] g} xf] . dfcf]jfbL cftÍsf k|f/lDes lbgx¿df cl:y/ /fhgLltn] hGdfPsf]
ljs[lt ;fy} ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 lj/f]w ug]{ / ;Qfaf6 aflxl/Pkl5 ;xfg'e"lt hgfpg] h:tf
/fli6«o bnx¿sf] 9'nd'n] ;f]r / ljrf/n] ubf{ dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ cftÍ dRofpg ;lhnf] ePsf]
xf] . lxhf] sltko bnsf g]tfn] ;Qf k|flKtsf] xf]8afhLdf dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{
gLlt clVtof/ ug{ klg kl5 k/]gg\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ;Ël7t x'g] / lj:tfl/t
x'g] df}sf klg kfP . of] s'/f /fli6«o /fhgLlts bnsf] ;Qf k|flKtsf] df]xn] ubf{ ePsf]
xf] . /fli6«o /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ca of] uNtLnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ dfcf]jfbL cftÍlj?4
PsLs[t ;f]r / sfo{qmd agfpg'kb{5 . dfcf]jfbL cftÍnfO{ s'g} klg dfg]df 5"6 lbOg'
x'Fb}g . ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg / Joj:yfsf] /Iffsf nflu dfcf]jfbL cftÍlj?4 ;+j}wflgs
clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . /fli6«otf /fhgLlts v]nsf] ljifo x}g w'|js'df/ b]phf ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf] k'gM:yfkgf ePsf] Ps bzskl5sf] cfhsf] g]kfnsf] k|d'v ;d:of s] xf] / o;sf] ;dfwfg
u/L g]kfnnfO{ klg ;[b[9 / cfTdlge{/ cy{ Joj:yfdfkm{t s;/L psf:g] eGg] :j:y lrGtg /
sfof{Gjogdf ;lqmo x'g'kg]{ cj:yf xf] . ;fgf 7"nf bnsf ;a} g]tfx¿, bnaf6 k|efljt
jf :jtGq a'l4hLjLx¿ ;a}sf] Wofg clxn] ljZjJofkLs/0fn] kf/]sf] ;lhnf] / cK7]/f]x¿sf]
v];|f v];|f 5'6\ofO{ cfˆgf] /fi6«sf nflu ;lhnf]af6 kmfObf k'¥ofpg] / cK7]/f]x¿
x6fpg cg's"n cfly{s, ;fdflhs gLltx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{lt/ nfUg'kg]{ ;do xf] of] .
;/sf/df hf] eP klg ;j}n] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ ;femf bfloTj ;femf g} /xG5 . g]kfnsf]
/fli6«otf clxn] s'g} vt/fdf 5}g– jf:tjdf cfhsf] ljZjn] of] l:yltsf] lg/fs/0f g}
ul/lbPsf] 5 . xf], ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] gofF o'un] lelqg k'Ug] k|ult jf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg /
lgbfg rflxF /fli6«otfsf] ;Da4{g ;+/If0faf6} ug]{ k|of; rflxF x'g} kb{5 . ljsl;t /
:j:y k|hftflGqs ;dfhdf /fli6«otfsf] ;Da4{g b]zljsf;sf sfdx¿af6 /fli6«otf …/Ú klg
pRrf/0f gu/L x'G5 . /fli6«otf /fli6«otf eg]/ s/fpg], cf/f]k nufpg] bGTosyfdf pgLx¿
afFRb}gg\ . /fi6«sf] /fd|f] u/] To;} /fi6« / /fli6«otf alnof] x'g] zfZjt ;Todf
pgLx¿ ljZjf; ub{5g\ . xfdL klg ca ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg dgl:yltaf6 pDsg' k¥of] .
h–h;n] cfk"mnfO{ dfq /fi6«jfbL eg]/ bfjL u5{– Tof] Joy{sf] ;kgf
a'Gb5 . /fi6«jfb gf/f / bfjLsf] ljifo x}g g]kfndf hGd]sf g]kfndf x's]{sf / ljleGg
sf/0fn] ljb]zdf /x]sf t/ g]kfn} kms{g] cfzfdf /x]sf ;a} g]kfnL ljz'4 /fi6«jfbL
x'g\ . v]tdf sfd ug]{ ls;fg, sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dhb"/, ljBfnodf k9\g] / k9fpg]
ljBfyL{, lzIfs, sfof{nodf sfd ug]{ /fi6«;]jsx¿, jlsn, kqsf/, Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt ;a}
/fi6«jfbL x'g\ . pgLx¿dWo] s;}n] cfk"mnfO{ /fi6«jfbL eg]/ bfjL ug'{
kb}{g– oyf:yfgdf /x]/ ljxfgb]lv a]n'sL;Dd cf–cfˆgf] sfd OdfGbf/Lk"j{s
ug]{ ;a}n] /fi6« / /fi6«jfbsf] ;f]emf] ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . g]kfnsf] ef}lts, cfGtl/s
;'/Iffsf nflu ;d]t ;]gf / k|x/L ;a} /fi6«jfbL x'g\ . pgLx¿n] klg /fi6«jfbLsf]
ljNnf lrKsfpg' kb}{g . /fi6«sf] clxt glrtfpg]x¿ ;a} /fi6«jfbL x'g\ .
g]kfnLsf] dgdgdf, s0fs0fdf /fi6«jfb leh]sf] 5 eg] km]l/ Psfw JolQmn] cfk"mnfO{
/fi6«jfbL / c?nfO{ c/fli6«o eGg'sf] t's s] < jf:tjdf csf]{nfO{ cf/f]k nufpg]x¿
:jo+nfO{ yfxf 5– /fi6«lj/f]wL sf]xL 5}gg\ . t}klg, /fhgLlts v]n / z:qsf]
b[li6n] of] zAbsf] b'?kof]u ul/Fb}5 . w]/} k6s gfd lnP/ eGg] / zlQm a9\g] bfjL s;}n]
u/] klg :jtM x's]{sf], x's{g] /fi6«jfb ;ª\sL0f{ bfjL / kl/efiffsf] cgfjZos ljjfbaf6 d'Qm
/xg} /fd|f] x'G5 . e|i6frf/, tZs/L,
s'zf;g– ljs[lt / ljv08gsf k"jf{wf/ x'g\ . of] ;j 36fpg jf lgd"{n ug{
;/sf/n] kxn u/]sf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ ;3fpg] / ;'wf/sf cfˆgf k[ys /fo 5g\ eg] To;nfO{ klg
;fj{hlgs u/L ;3fpg] :jR5 jftfj/0f /fli6«otfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf cfwf/ x'g\ .
k"j{k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] dxfsfnL ;lGwnfO{ Tolta]nf /fk|kfsf] a}7sn]
cg'df]bg ubf{ a}7sdf pkl:yt /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6fn] …gf]6 ckm l8;]G6Ú klg gn]vL clxn]
cfP/ dxfsfnL ;lGwnfO{ /fli6«olxt ljk/Lt eg]sf]df h'g k|Zg /fVg' ePsf] 5– Tof]
k|Zg pxfF nufot a]nf s'a]nf /fli6«otfsf] af;'/L ahfpg vf]Hg] ;a}df ;f]lemG5 . cfh
d'n'ssf] hNbf]aNbf] ;d:ofsf nflu OdfGbf/ k|of; / ljrf/k|jfxsf] vfFrf] ePsf] a]nfdf
cf–cfˆgf] /fhgLlt hf]ufpg …/fli6«otfÚ sf] k|Zg ufF:g' xf:of:kb g}
x'G5 . |
| /fli6«o ;dfrf/ | | :yfgLo ;dfrf/ | | cy{tGq | | ;DkfbsLo | | k|ltlqmof | | v]n Jofofd |
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