cy{dGqLsf] gof“ zAb æeNu/ l8:Kn]Æ

cy{dGqL 8f=/fdz/0f dxtn] g]kfnnfO{ ;xfotf k|bfg ul//x]sf bft[ /fi6« tyf lgsfosf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;f]daf/ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf …eNu/ l8:Kn]Ú eGg] gof“ zAb k|of]u ug'{eof] . sf7df8f}+sf ljjfx ef]hdf x'g] nfvf}+ ?k}of“sf] vr{tkm{ O+lut ub}{ cy{dGqLn] pQm zAb k|of]u ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o:tf cj;/df vr{ x'g] nfvf}+ ?k}of“ s/ lt/]/ cfh{g ePsf] xf]÷xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7fp“b} pxf“n] eGg'eof], …ca s/ sfof{non] of] /sd s/ lt/]/ cfPsf] xf]÷xf]Og eGg]af/] cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{5 .Ú

cy{dGqLn] ljjfx ef]hh:tf ;df/f]xdf x'g] cs't vr{af/] o:tf] wf/0ff klxnf] k6s ;fj{hlgs ug'{ePsf] xf] . t/, ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf nflu eg] of] tYo s'g} gf}nf] xf]Og . ;fgf] lrof k;n, rf]s / uNnLdf ;d]t o:tf vr{af/] k|z:t rrf{ x'g] u5{g\ . Pp6f ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] sd{rf/Ln] o:tf ef]hdf nfvf}+ ?k}of“ vr{ u/]sf] 6f]n l5d]sdf ;a}n] b]Vg] ePsfn] o:tf] k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs klg xf] . bz jif{cl3 rKkn nufO{ …nf]snÚ a;df ofqf ug]{ /fhgLlt1 JolQmx¿n] g} o:tf ;df/f]xdf nfvf}+ vr{ u/]sf 36gf klg gePsf xf]Ogg\ . Ps bzsd} pgLx¿;“u o:tf] cs't ;DklQ s;/L / sxf“af6 cfof], o;sf] cfh{gdf cfos/ ltl/Psf] lyof] of lyPg < o:tf k|Zg p7\g' ;fdfGo klg xf] .

;f“Rr} cy{dGqLn] oL ;jfnnfO{ uDeL/¿kdf lng' ePsf] xf] eg] o;n] e|i6frf/ / cfly{s If]qdf b]lvPsf ljs[lQ /f]Sg ;xof]u k'Ug]5 . xªsªl:yt /fhgLlts tyf cfly{s hf]lvd k/fdz{ ;d"xn] xfn} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] Ps k|ltj]bgdf Pl;of dxfb]z e|i6frf/af6 cfqmfGt /x]sf] / sfg'gL IFdtf tyf ;/sf/L OR5f zlQmn] dfq of] /f]lsg;Sg] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . cy{dGqLn] cfkm\gf] wf/0ffnfO{ uDeL/¿kdf lng' ePsf] 5 eg] sf/afxL ug]{ OR5f zlQm klg b]vfpg'k5{ . pxf“ o; egfOdf slt uDeL/ x'g'x'G5, of] t cfpg] lbgdf g} k'li6 x'g]5 .

pQm ;j]{If0fdf leotgfd, OG8f]g]l;of, ef/t, yfONof08, lkmlnlkG;, rLg cflb b]zdf xfn e|i6frf/ lgs} pRr /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . kmf/ Oi6«g Osf]gf]lds l/Eo' klqsfdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ rLgh:tf] ljzfn cfly{s sf/f]af/ x'g] d'n'sdf s]xL jif{otf e|i6frf/ lgs} a9]/ s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgsf] $ k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd e|i6frf/ / clgoldttf x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6 g]tf dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] ;dodf eGbf clxn] e|i6frf/ lsg / s;/L j[l4 eof] < o; k|Zgsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ pQm klqsf n]V5, …dfcf]sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL eP/ o:tf] ePsf] xf]Og . To; a]nfsf] jftfj/0f g} e|i6frf/sf nflu pko'Qm lyPg . To;a]nf ;j{;fwf/0fn] 3/÷hUuf vl/b ug}{ kfp“b}gy] . ;a} a}+s ;/sf/L lgoGq0fdf /x]sfn] e|i6frf/ u/]/ cfh{g x'g] k};f Toxf“ /fVg' klg hf]lvdk"0f{ lyof] . df]6/nufot ljnfl;tfsf j:t' vl/b ubf{ ;d]t k|Zg p7\g;Sg] cj:yf lyof] . To;}n] Tolta]nf e|i6frf/ u/] klg of] /sd ;'/lIft pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf g} lyPg . To;sf/0f To;a]nf e|i6frf/ ePg .Ú

t/, ca rLg To:tf] 5}g . Toxf“ ljb]zL a}+ssf zfvf :yfkgf ePsf 5g\, h;nfO{ cfkm\gf vftf / artstf{sf] lx;fa lstfa kf/bzL{ agfpg h?/L 5}g . JolQmut 3/÷hUuf vl/b ug{ kfOG5 . ljnf;L hLjg z}nLsf nflu k|z:t 7fp“ 5g\ .

rLgsf] o; pbfx/0fn] s] b]vfp“5 eg] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu cfo / vr{ ubf{ ;|f]t v'nfpg'kg]{ k|fjwfg Pp6f /fd|f] pkfo xf] .

cy{dGqLn] ;+s]t ug'{ePh:tf] ljjfxnufot To:tf ;df/f]xdf vr{ x'g] /sdsf] ;|f]t s] xf] < lgodcg';f/ s/ ltl/Psf] 5÷5}g < o:tf k|Zg p7fpg] xf] eg] o;n] kf/blz{tf Nofp“5 / e|i6frf/ ug]{x¿ xtf]T;flxt x'G5g\ . t/, cy{dGqLnfO{ cfkm\gf] of] af]nL sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/n 5}g . o;sf nflu klxn] pxf“ ;/sf/s} tkm{af6 kf/blz{tf Nofpg cl3 ;g'{k5{ .

s'g Jofj;flos ;d"xn] slt s/ lt5{ < bz 7"nf s/bftf sf] sf] x'g\ < o;sf] cf“s8f cy{ dGqfno / s/ sfof{non] /fVg] u5{ . t/, of] tYof+s ;/sf/n] uf]Ko /fVg h?/L geP klg clxn];Dd k|]; / ;~rf/sdL{b]lv k/ g} /fVg] ul/G5 . s/ sfof{nosf clwsf/L ;w}+ of] tYof+s k|];nfO{ lbg gldNg] atfp“b} klG5g] u5{g\ . t/, :jo+ Joj;foL of] tYof+s ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ dfu u5{g\ . o:t} shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|n] jfl0fHo a}+saf6 /sd lnO{ gltg]{nfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg] u5{ . t/, s'g–s'g Jofj;flos ;d"x / JolQm sfnf] ;"rLdf k/]sf 5g\, o;af/] k|];nfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L lbO"b}g . jfl0fHo a}+ssf] /sd lnP/ gltg]{ JolQmsf] gfd lsg ;fj{hlgs gug]{ < o:tf y'|k} k|Zg cg'Ql/t 5g\ .

o:tf] dgl:ylt ljBdfg /x]sf] a]nf ljjfx ef]h / o:tf ;df/f]xdf ul/g] vr{af/] x'g] cWoog÷cg';Gwfg slt kf/bzL{ xf]nfg\, To;df k|z:t z+sf ug{ ;lsG5 . o;cl3 klg o:tf gof“ s'/f k6s–k6s cfPsf 5g\ . /fh:j k|zf;gdf a:g] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DklQ d"Nof+sg ug]{ / ;|f]t gv'n]sf] ;DklQ ;/sf/n] hkmt ug]{ 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g\ . t/, ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd sf]xL s/ clws[tsf] o:tf] ;DklQ hkmt u/]sf] 5}g .

pQm ;j]{If0fdf e|i6frf/n] ubf{ cfly{s ljsf;df ;d]t k|efj k/]sf] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn klg o;af6 c5'tf] 5}g . To;sf/0f cy{dGqLn] cfkm\gf] of] ;fj{hlgs egfO sfof{Gog ug{ b[9 OR5f zlQm b]vfpg} k5{ .

hg;+Vof lgoGq0f / dlxnfnfO{ lzIff

ejfgL kf]v/]n

cGo b]zsf] t'ngfdf xfd|f] b]zsf] hg;+Vof a9\g] qmd lgs} a9L 5 . ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofsf] cfwfeGbf a9L efu 9fs]sf dlxnfx¿sf] l:ylt k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf sdhf]/ 5 . r]tgf / lzIffsf] aofg ubf{ b'u{d If]qsf ul/a dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}sf] cj:yf gfh's b]lvG5 . hg;+Vof j[l4sf] k|j[lQnfO{ x]bf{ hxf“ clzIff 5 ul/a 5 Toxf“ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfd k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\ . To:tf] 7fp“df a:g] dflg;sf kl/jf/ 7"nf] 5, 7"/f kl/jf/sf] kfng–kf]if0f ug{ s8f d]xgt ubf{ klg cfjZos vfBGg h'6fpg ;ls/x]sf x'"b}gg\ .

5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno k9\g k7fpg' k5{ eGg] s'/f pgLx¿df hfgsf/L Tolt 5}g . csf]{ kf6f] yfxf kfP/ klg 3/wGbf, d]nfkfn ug{'kg{] afWotfn] ubf{ k9fPsf 5}gg\ . xfd|f] d'n'sdf dlxnf ;fIf/tf k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf sd 5, 5f]/Lx¿ :s'ndf bflvnf eP/ klg aLrd} 5f8\g] k|j[lQ w]/} 5 . pd]/} gk'uL lax] ug{] rngn] ubf{ 5f]/Ln] k9\g] / l;Sg] cj;/af6 lk5l8Psf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ 7Ug], a]Rg] / x]Kg] h:tf s'/f a'em\g sl7g x'G5g\ . h;n] ubf{ k|nf]egdf kf/]/ ;fgf] e"nn] ubf{ b'Mv tyf cdfgjLo oftgf, gf/sLo si6do hLjg ofkg ug{ ;d]t afWo 5g\ .

csf]{lt/ 5f]/LnfO{ ;fg}df lax] u/]/ pgsf] 3/ k7fOlbg], sd} pd]/df ue{jtL x'g] / aRrf hGdfpg afWo eO{ sl7g x'g hfG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf af“Rg] eGbf dg{] 8/ a9L x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfhsf] xfd|f] ;fd'Gg] cem} klg Pp6f 7"nf] r'gf}tL r]nLa]6Lsf] ;'/Iff, 5f]/Lsf] lzIff / k|hgg\ :jf:Yosf] x]/ljrf/ xf] .

o:tf] r'gf}tLsf nflu xfd|f 5f]/L r]nLnfO{ k9fpg] ljifodf b]zJofkL cfGbf]ngs} ¿kdf lzIffsf] nx/ hufpg] sfo{qmd Nofpg'k5{ .

5f]/L r]nLnfO{ ljBfnodf lg/Gt/ lzIff lb+b} uof] eg] l56f] lax] ug{] lj8Dagf qmdzM 36\b} hfg;S5 . k9]sL 5f]/L r]nLn] s'g pd]/df aRrf hGdfpg] Pp6} ;Gtfgaf6 /x/ d]6fpg] tyf ue{jtL cj:yfsf] x]/rfx s;/L ug]{ h:tf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/fdf cfkm}+ Wofg k'¥ofpg ;Qml5g\ . cfkm\gf] eljio s;/L ;'vdo x'G5 To;df Vofn ug{ :jo+ ;Ifd x'lG5g\ . c1fgtf / cfly{s l:ylt bogLo ePs} sf/0fn] g]kfnL dlxnfnfO{ ljb]zL dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf lgs} kL8f k'¥ofPsf] 5 . 3/df agfO{, t'NofO{ u/]sf] vfg] s'/f 5f]/f5f]/L ;;'/f / >LdfgnfO{ v'jfO;s]kl5 Pp6L :jf:gL dfG5]n] kl5 vfg] xfd|f] yf]qf] rngn] ubf{ pgLx¿n] /l;nf], kf]lifnf] t s] s'/f k]6e/L vfg klg kfPsf x'"b}gg\ .

5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljifodf e]befj ug{] k|j[lQn] 5f]/L r]nLsf] :ofxf/, ;Def/df klg 5f]/fnfO{ h:tf] dfof u/]sf] kfO"b}g . d]l8sn;fOG;sf] ;xof]un] lel8of] PS;/] / cN6«f;fp08 u/]/ olb ue{df 5f]/L 5 eg] To;nfO{ afWo u/fP/ ue{ktg u/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ubf{ w]/} gf/Lsf] Hofg;d]t vt/fdf k/]sf] 5 . o;sf] d"n h/f] bfOhf] klg Ps xf] . csf{]kIF ul/aL / clzIff xf] . tL hgtfsf] 3/ b}nf]df hg r]tgfd"ns, cfod"ns sfo{qmd Toxf“ nuL cfo–cfh{g ug{ 5f]/Ln] klg 5f]/f;/x ug{ ;Qm5] egL b]vfpg;s] ;'gdf ;'uGw ylkG5 .

;fgf] kl/jf/, ;'vL kl/jf/ x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] af]w u/fof] eg] pgLx¿ cfkm}+ ;fgf] kl/jf/k|lt cfslif{t x'G5g\ / ;Gtfg yf]/} hGdfpg] dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo klg /fd|f] x'G5 . dlxnf r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ ;lsPsf] v08df hg;+Vof j[l4nfO{ 36fpg d2t k'U5 . ljsfz lgdf{0fsf sfddf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg ;lsG5 . ljsfzn] 6f]n–6f]ndf k|j]z ub{5 . xfdLnfO{ k|s[ltn] lbPsf pkxf/ cd"No ;|f]tx¿sf] cGbfw'Gb k|of]u ug{ b'ik|j[lQ 36\g hfG5 h;n] ubf{ xfd|f] ;a}kIf ;jn aGb} hfG5 . pBf]u wGbfsf] ljsf; g} ul/aL 36fpg] / dlxnfnfO{ dfgl;s ¿kn] ;an / ;Ifd agfpg] ;zQm k|lqmof xf] ;di6Lutdf eGg] xf] eg] of] /fi6«sf] ljsfz ug{ dlxnfsf] cj:yf pRr kfg{] ul/aL 36fpg xfdLn] k|of; ug{'kg{] Pp6} s'/f 5f]/L r]nLnfO{ lzIff lbg' xf] .

a'4sf] d"lt{ cem clUn+b} 5

/d]z ljsn

cfh ckmuflg:tfgdf a'4sf d"lt{x¿ eTsfO"b} 5g\, kmf]l/+b} 5g\ . lsg eg] Toxf“sf] ;Qfn] a'4sf] d"lt{nfO{ w]/} g} cUnf] 7fG5, w]/} g} pRrf] . lsg eg] s'g} klg ;Qfn] csf{] -dflg; xf];\ jf j:t'_ nfO{ cfkm"eGbf cUnf] ePsf] prfOdf a;]sf] ;xg ;Qm}g of] ;Qfsf] :jefj xf] .

ckmuflg:tfgdf ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf cUnf] a'4 d"lt{ 5 /] . clg Toxf“sf] tflnjfg ;Qf t k|Voft d"lt{ e~hs ;Dk|bfosf] xf] . To;}n] Toxf“ cfh a'4sf] d"lt{ eTsfpg], tf]8\g], kmf]g{] Pp6f cleofg g} yflnPsf] 5 .

To;f] t Oltxf;sf ljBfyL{ cGj]ifsx¿n] hfg]a'em]s} s'/f xf], Oltxf;sf] yfngLb]lv g} Psflt/ ;fgf 3g, l5gf, xyf}8fx¿n] ;'Gb/, pRr pRr a'4 d"lt{x¿ lgdf{0f u/]/ pRr pRr :yfgdf k|lti7f u/fPsf 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ 7"nf7"nf 3g, l5gf / xyf}8f xftdf lng]x¿n] tL a'4 d"lt{x¿nfO{ eTsfO/x]sf 5g\, kmf]l//x]sf 5g\, 9fln/x]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] o'udf z's/ft eGg] pRr a'4 d"lt{nfO{ p;s} ;dfhsf alnof l5gf, xyf}8fn] eTsfPsf lyP eg] of] o'usf] klxnf] ;x;|fAbLsf] ;'?d} csf{] Pp6f a'4 d"lt{nfO{ ;'nLdf r9fP/ vl08t u/fPsf lyP .

o:t} agfpg] / eTsfpg], kmf]g{] / 9fNg] k|lqmofcGtu{t k|To]s o'u, k|To]s ;x;|FAbLdf k|To]s ztfAbLdf a'4sf d"lt{x¿ 9fln+b} 5g\ . slxn] cn]Sh]08/ gfp“sf] k'8\sf] ;Qfn] cUnf cUnf a'4 d"lt{x¿ 9fNb}, eTsfp“b} lx"8\of] t slxn] lg/f] eGg] ljlIFKt ;Qfn] Tof] ljgfz tf08j /rfof] . o;} u/L o;} ztfAbLsf] ;'?, dWo / cGTolt/ klg nuftf/ a'4 d"lt{ lgdf{0f x'g] / ltgnfO{ eTsfpg], tf]8\g], kmf]g{] sfdx¿ x'"b} cfPsf 5g\ .

a'4sf d"lt{x¿ 9fNg], eTsfpg] sfd slxn] Tof] cNnf– x' csa/sf] t'd"n Wjlgsf] dfbdf x'G5, slxn] x/x/ dxfb]jsf pRr gfbdf, clg slxn] Tof] ç zflGt gfp“df ;DkGg ul/G5 eg], slxn] ç dl0fkb\d]s} u'~hgdfem rË]h vf“, df]xDdb 3f]/L, gfbL/ zfxx¿n] …cNnf–x' csa/sf gfp“df a'4 d"lt{ eTsfP eg], lx6n/ d';f]lngLx¿n] :j:tLs Wjhf / ç zflGts} Wjhf kmx/fp“b} To;nfO{ vl08t u/] .

lxhf]sf] o'udf dfq xf]Og, cfhsf] xfd|f] o'u / xfd|} ztfAbLdf klg a'4sf d"lt{x¿ agfpg] / eTsfpg] sfo{x¿ eO/x]sf 5g\, nuftf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . slxn] cf;Lg eGg] d"lt{e~hsn] a'4 d"lt{ e~hg u5{ eg] To;sf] Tof] sfo{sf] prfO ;xg g;s]/ csf{] To;eGbf cUnf]df r9]/ To;nfO{ klg 9fn]/ cfkm" a'4 d"lt{ eTsfp“5 . lx6n/n] :j:tLs Wjhfsf] 5fofdf a'4 d"lt{ eTsfp“b} lx"8]sf] xf]8afhLdf csf{] To;eGbf zlQmzfnL 3g, l5gfx¿ af]Sg]n] p;nfO{ klg dfg ub{} gfuf;fsL lx/f]l;dfsf pRr pRr a'4 d"lt{ eTsfp“b}, 9fNb} lx"8], leotgfd, sDaf]l8of, nfcf];, sf]l/of, lkmlnlkG;, dn]l;of / Kofn]:6fOgsf a'4 d"lt{x¿ 9flnP, nuftf/ 9fln+b}5g\ . s]xL jif{ egf}+ Ps bzs cufl8 klg ljZjsf !* j6f zlQmzfnL 3g, xyf}8fn] vf8L d'n'ssf c;+Vo–c;+Vo a'4 d"lt{x¿ eTsfPsf lyP, 9fn]sf / kmf]/]sf lyP .

oL ;a}vfn] a'4 d"lt{ e~hg a'4s} gfp“df x'G5g\– ç zflGtsf gfp“df, ç dl0fkb\d] dGqf]Rrf/0fsf ;fydf x'G5g\ . o:tf a'4 d"lt{ e~hgsf sfo{qmd a'4nfO{ ghfGg], glrGg] d"lt{ e~hsx¿sf] d'n's, a'4sf nflu k/fO{ dflgg] e"lddf dfq xf]Og, :jo+ a'4 hGd], a'4 x's{], a9]sf, 8'n] 3'd]sf, v]n] vfPsf e"lddf klg kl/rfng x'G5g\, eO/x]5g\ . a'4sf] Hofb} cfTdLo dflgg] >Ln+sfsf e"lddf cfh s}+og bzsb]lv nuftf/ a'4 d"lt{ eTsfO/x]5g\, a'4s} dfjnL b]zsf] sZdL/ e"lddf klg cNnf–x' csa/ / x/x/ dxfb]jsf pu| pu| e"lddf klg 3g, xyf}8fsf] lgi7'/ lgd{d k|xf/ a'4sf pRr pRr d"lt{dfly nuftf/ eO/x] .

o; a'4 d"lt{ eTsfpg], tf]8\g] cleofgsf] ;~rfng ug{] k|d'v ;"qwf/ rflx" ljZjsf] wg cn / lj1fg Psdfq clwklt dflgg], Psdfq dxfgfos Zj]t b]j -bfgj_ g} ePsf] 5 . pm a'4sf] ç zflGt / ç dl0fkb\d] oxL k~rfIf/L dxfdGqsf] ;'dw'/ ;+uLtsf] hfb' km}nfP/ cfkm" k/f]IFdf -kbf{df_ a;]/ a'4sf cfkmGt, a'4sf efO, elthfx¿s} xftdf ;'g / rf“bLsf dxf 3g -xyf}8f_ x¿ af“8]/ pgLx¿ :jo+n] lgdf{0f u/]sf ljzfn / pRr a'4 d"lt{x¿ eTsfpg nufp“5, v08–v08df 6'S|ofpg nufp“5 .

cfh ToxL a'4 d"lt{ e~hs ;d'bfosf] dxfgfos xfd|f] wtL{df klg kl;;s]sf] 5 . pm oxf“sf lgd'vf a'4 ;Gtltx¿sf xftdf ;'gsf 3g / rf“bLsf l5gf lbP/ pgLx¿åf/f g} lgld{t ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] ljzfn / eJo a'4 d"lt{ eTsfpg] cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . pm xfdLnfO{ bLIff dGq ;'gfO/x]5– …of] ltdLn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ljzfn / eJo pRr a'4 d"lt{ t e|d xf], ltdL cfkm}+ cfkm" cfkm\gf a'4 d"lt{nfO{ lrg . ltdL ;dli6df xf]Og Joli6df 5f} . ltd|f] a'4 d"lt{ klg ;dli6df xf]Og Joli6df cl:tŒjjfg 5 . ;dli6 a'4sf] e|dn] ltd|f] Joli6 a'4nfO{ xf]RofPsf], pm cfkm" prfOdf a;]/ ltd|f] Joli6 d"lt{nfO{ afpGg] t'NofPsf] 5, bafPsf] 5, cl:tŒjxLg t'NofPsf] 5 . To;}n] cfkm"nfO{ a'4sf ;Gtlt 7fGg], ç zflGt, ç dl0fkb\d]sf pQ/flwsf/L ;Demg] a'4k|f0fL xf} . ltdLx¿ ;dli6df xf]Og, Joli6df hfu . ltd|f] cfkm\g} Joli6 a'4 d"lt{df Ao'"em . ltd|f] a'4 d"lt{ du/ xf], ltd|f] u'?ª xf], ltd|f] tfdfª xf], ltd|f] rflx" /fO{ / lnDa" xf] . ha ltd|f] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] a'4sf] cg'xf/ Ps–csf{];“u ldNb}g eg] ltd|f] a'4 d"lt{ s;/L ;dli6df x'G5 <Ú To;}n] cfkm}+ Joli6 a'4 d"lt{sf] k|lt:yfkgsf nflu Tof] ltdLnfO{ b]vfOPsf] ;dli6 a'4sf] ljzfn / pRr d"lt{sf] e|dnfO{ tf]l8b]pm, eTsfOb]pm . clg cf–cfkm}+ Joli6 a'4– cfkm\g} cg'xf/sf] a'4 d"lt{ 78\ofpm, To;}nfO{ prfOdf k|ltli7t u/– csF{]nfO{ kftfn wl;b]pm .

d"lt{ e~hs ;d'bfosf] dxfgfossf] ToxL ;'g–rf“bLsf] l5gf, xyf}8f af]s]sf a'4sf ;Gtlt ckmuflg:tfgdf dfq xf]Og a'4 hGd], x's{], a9], vfP, v]n]s} ljzfn ljzfn pRrsf] a'4 d"lt{ tf]8\b} To;nfO{ v08–v08df kmf]/]/ lu§Lsf ¿kdf 6'qm\ofpg] dxfcleofgdf nfu]sf 5g\ . xfdL cfkm}+ a'4sf j}B pQ/flwsf/L :jo+ d"lt{ e~hssf dxfgfosn] ljt/0f u/]sf ;'g–rf“bLsf l5gf, xyf}8f le/]/ cfkm}+n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] eJo ljzfn / pRr a'4 d"lt{ eTsfP/, v'DRofpg], xf]Rofpgdf cfkm\gf] k/d k'?iffy{ 7fGg yfn]sf 5f}+ .

xfdL a'4sf efO, 5f]/fsf] cfkm"nfO{ x]g{], a'em\g] / ;Demg] oxL cGwf]kg -sfun] sfg nUof] eg]/ sfg g5fdL c¿s} nx} nx}df bu'g{]_ ljr/f] a'l4 / aa'/f] dfgl;stfdfly Tof] a'4 d"lt{ e~hs ;d'bfosf] dxfgfos cfkm\gf] kftfnk'/Lsf] Ps ;o afpGg tnf, cUnf] ;'j0f{ dxnsf] dflyNnf] a'hf{df a;]/ xf“l;/x]5 . t/ oL a'4 d"lt{ e~hsx¿nfO{ slt s'/f yfxf 5}g eg] pgLx¿n] hlt;'s} ufx|F] / wfl/nf] 3g, l5gf, xyf}8fsf] k|xf/n] a'4 d"lt{sf] ;dli6ut eJotf, ljzfntf / prfOnfO{ eTsfpg, kmf]g{, tf]8\g rfx] klg Tof] elTs+b}g, tf]l8+b}g lsg eg] a'4sf] d"lt{ aflx/sf] w/ftndf xf]Og dgsf] leqsf] w/ftndf plePsf] x'G5, cf:yf / ljZjf;df lgdf{0f ePsf] x'G5 . To;}n] t ;[li6sf] cflbsfnb]lv g} a'4 d"lt{ e~hsx¿n] dgdf zflGt nufP/ o;nfO{ eTsfpg], tf]8\g] / vl08t ug{] 3f]/ k|oTg ubf{ ub{} klg logsf] lgdf{0f x'"b}5, oL 7l8+b} 5g\ / cem r'ln+b}5g\ .

a|fx\d0f d'lQmdf]rf{ vf]n] s;f] xf]nf <

df]bgfy k|l>t

d'lQmdf]rf{ vf]Ng] /x/ / nx8sf] df};d 5 clxn] . lnDa"jfg\, vDa"jfg\, ls/ft, du/, u'¿ª, t/fO{, kxf8 cflbsf] d'lQmsf s]–s] df]rf{ v'n] / s]–s] v'Nb}5g\ . of] nx/ b]Vbf dleq dg{ nfu]sf] a|fx\d0fn] Psk6s lkln{Ss cf“vf vf]n]/ rf/}lt/ x]b}{ eGof]– x}g xfdLn] klg a|fx\d0f d'lQmdf]rf{ vf]n] s;f] xf]nf <

d}n] pm;“u ;f]w]+– p;f] eP To;sf] cfjZostf, p2]Zo, nIo, sfo{qmd, /0fgLlt, ldq, zq' cflb ;a} s'/fdf klxn] :ki6 x'g'k¥of] lg . clg kf] df]rf{ vf]Ng] jf gvf]Ng] s'/f cfp“5 .

s;af6 d'lQm < s'g ;Qf / aGwgaf6 d'lQm < ;aeGbf klxn] d'lQmo'4sf] ;d:of t k|i6 x'g'k¥of] . d}n] k|Zg ub}{ up“ . a|fx\d0fn] cN5L dfgL–dfgL cln–cln 6fpsf] xNnfP/ …c", c"Ú eGb} uof] .

– xfd|f] b]zdf If]qL j+zsf dfG5]dfq /fhf x'g] rng 5 . s] ca afx'g j+zsf] /fhtGq rnfpgsf nflu d'lQmdf]rf{ agfpg] <

– g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ If]qdf g]jf/ a9L x'gfn] ToxL Jofkf/ xTofpgsf nflu n8\g] < xfd|f] cy{tGq df/jf8L df]rf{sf] ks8df uPsfn] Tof] kmsf{pg n8\g] < of …g]tf–z]yf–du'/flnÚ df]rf{x¿af6 d'Qm x'g df]rf{ s:g] <

a|fx\d0f ;'Gb} uof] .

d'lQmsf nflu sf]–sf] ldn]/ s:tf] ;+u7g / df]rf{ agfpg] < lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / dfwj g]kfn ldn]/ < uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL / lzjs+ufn ldn]/ < s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ / k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú ldn]/ of kz'kltsf] d"n e§ / uf]ljGb e§ ldn]/ < o:tf leGg ju{ / rl/qsf afx'gx¿ ldn]/ ;+u7g of df]rf{ aGg ;Snf <

o; df]rf{sf] g]t[Tj s;n] lng] < k"jL{of a|fx\d0fn] ls s'dfO a|fx\d0fn] < d}lyn a|fx\d0fn] of h};L a|fx\d0fn] < h};L xf] eg] klxnf], bf];|f], t];|f] s'grflx" eftsfn] < oL ;anfO{ ;dfg :t/ / dof{bf ldnfP/ g]t[Tjdf /fvL Pstf sfod ug{ ;lsPnf <

of] df]rf{ g]kfn :t/sf] dfq} agfpg] ls– ef/t, e"6fg, a+unfb]z, kfls:tfg, >Ln+sf / dfNbLE; ;d]tsf a|fx\d0f ldnfP/ ;fs{ :t/sf] agfpg] < a|fx\d0f d'lQmdf]rf{n] d'Qm u/]/ /fHo :yfkgf ug]{ e"v08 s'g 7fp“df xf]nf < v;fg, hgsk'/, sf7df8f}+ of ;fs{ d'n'ssf a|fx\d0f 3gTj ePsf If]qx¿df <

o; df]rf{df If]qLnfO{ ;Dd t ;fd]n ug{ ;lsPnf ls < lsgeg] oL b'O{ hft t nfdf] k/Dk/fb]lv wd{;Qf / /fHo;Qfsf 3lgi6 ;xof]uL /x"b} cfPsf x'g\ lg <

…x'Gg, x'Gg † If]qLx¿n] t ;ayf]s cfkm"n] xTofP/ xfdLnfO{ sflQs], 6k/], sf§], k'/]t agfP/ /u8\b} r':b} cfPsf x'g\ lgÚ, Rof“;] a|fx\d0fn] aNn d'v vf]Nof] .

p;f] eP d'Qm ePkl5 /fHo k|0ffnL s:tf] agfpg] < u0ftGq, /fhtGq, ;+3fTds, :jfoQ, afO;]–rf}aL;], e'/], 6fs'/] < /fhf of /fi6«klt aGg] s'/fdf 6f7faf7f k"jL{of / s'dfO a|fx\d0fdf tfgftfg, xfgfxfg knf{ ls <

k'vf}{+b]lv 5'jf5"th:tf] r/d 3[0ff / x]nfdf k/]/ klg afx'g, If]qLx¿;“u ;“u;“u} lx"8\b} cfPsf blnt ;d'bfosf dfG5]nfO{ o; df]rf{df ;fd]n ug]{ ls gug]{ < pgLx¿n] t afx'g, If]qL / g]jf/sf] dflyNnf] lx:;fsf] pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm x'g d'lQm ;dfh, blnt d'lQmdf]rf{ cflb vf]ln;s] lg .

…afx'gsf] df]rf{df sxf“ blnt c5"tnfO{ /fVg] . afx'g}–afx'g a:g] lgÚ, a|fx\d0fn] o:;f] 6fpsf] p7fof] .

p;f] eP a|fx\d0fx¿n] 5fnf sf9\g], h'Qf l;pg], kmnfd lk6\g], ef“8fs'"8f / xltof/ agfpg], bdfxf ahfpg], sgf{n km'Sg] cflb ;a} sfd cfkm}+ ug{ ;Snfg\ t <

…c"===v}, s'lGg== < To;f] ug{ yfn] t a|fx\d0f km]l/ z"b|d} emnf{ lg . z'4 a|fx\d0fx¿sf] df]rf{ s;/L l6Sg ;Snf / <Ú a|fx\d0f km]l/ lvl;|Ss k¥of] .

cflv/ blnt / z"b|x¿s} s7f]/ >d / kl;gfsf] cfwf/df a|fx\d0ftGq cl8Psf] xf]Og / < Tof] hu g} eTs]kl5 a|fx\d0f cN5L afx'gx¿n] s]df 6]s]/ s;/L df]rf{aGbL u/]/ o'4 n8\nfg <

a|fx\d0f r'k nfUof] .

clg a|fx\d0f /fHodf jfl0fHo dGqfno / aGbJofkf/ rN5 ls rNb}g < olb a|fx\d0fx¿n] cfkm}+ Jofkf/ ug{ yfn] eg] ltgLx¿ tNnf] hft cyf{t\ j}Zo ju{df emnf{g\ lg <

…c", Tof] vt/f klg 5 .Ú

To; /fHodf Joj:yf s:tf] rNg]5 < a|fx\d0ftGq, k|hftGq of ;dfhjfb < k|hftGq rnfpg] xf] eg] a|fx\d0fsf] dfq Ps5q /fh x'g ;Sb}g . To;df ;a} hfthfltsf dflg; ;fd]n x'G5g\ . cem ;dfhjfb} x'g] xf] eg] ;j{xf/f, >dhLjL, z"b| ju{n] d'vhLjL, k/hLjL a|fx\d0f ju{s} lj¿4 qmflGt dRrfpg] vt/f x'g]5 .

…c"===of] s'/f klg emd]n} 5Ú, skfn sGofof] a|fx\d0fn] .

clg csf]{ s'/f . To; a|fx\d0f /fHosf] e"lddf a;]sf c¿ hfthfltsf dfG5]nfO{ ToxL" a:g lbg] ls, cGt nv]6\g] < cGt nv]6\g] xf] eg] c¿ df]rf{x¿n] klg cfkm\gf] e"v08af6 a|fx\d0fx¿nfO{ nv]6\g yfNg]5g\ . ;+;f/el/sf a|fx\d0fx¿ nv]l6P/ To; Pp6f a|fx\d0f /fHodf cf]Ol/g yfn] eg] s;/L c6fpnfg\ <

a|fx\d0f, Tof]eGbf cem hl6n csf]{ s'/f 5 . ltdL s:tf] ;+ljwfg / sfg'g nfu" u5f}{ Toxf“ < ltd|f] /fHodf zf]ifs, ;fdGt a|fx\d0fx¿sf] lj¿4 ul/a, zf]lift, e"ldxLg a|fx\d0fx¿n] ;+ul7t eP/ ju{;+3if{ rnfpg kfpg] ls gkfpg] < Toxf“ ef}ltsjfbL gfl:ts ljrf/ dfGg]x¿n] k'/f]lxt, k'k'{/f], k/nf]s / k/d]Zj/h:tf kfv08x¿sf] kbf{kmf; ug{ kfpg] ls gkfpg] < o; nf]sdf lhGbuLe/ k]6el/ vfg gkfPsf] bl/b| dfG5] d/]/ cgfy 6'x'/f–6'x'/L /f]O/x]sf] a]nf …ltd|f afa'cfdfnfO{ :ju{ k7fOlbG5'Ú eg]/ wgf9\o k'/f]lxtn] k};f, z}o\of / ufO{ ntfg]{ lgb{oL k|yfnfO{ rNg lbg] ls tfnf nfpg] <

/, cGTodf eg a|fx\d0f, ltd|f] d'lQmdf]rf{n] a|fx\d0f ;d"xnfO{ c¿af6 d'Qm u/]kl5 To; ;d"xsf] :t/ …sljnfÚ, …hghfltÚ, …/fi6Ú of …a|x\dÚ s] x'g]5 <

lxhf]sf] …lqsfnbzL{, hut} s"kfpg]Ú elgPsf] a|fx\d0f d]/f s'/f ;'Gbf;'Gb} ;'o\o ;f; km]/]/ n'q'Ss k/L ls+st{Joljd"9 eof] .

d eGb} up“– a|fx\d0f, cfh ltdL km]l/ lsg csf]{ d'lQmdf]rf{ agfp“5f} < ltdLn] t ej;fu/sf] aGwgaf6, hGd–d/0fsf] rf}/f;L nfv h'lgsf] rSs/af6 ;anfO{ df]If lbg ;S5' eGg] a|x\dhfnsf] df]rf{ xhf/f} jif{b]lv sfod u/]s} 5f} . ltd|f] df]rf{n] tLg xhf/ jif{b]lv zf;g zf]if0f u/L g} /x]sf] 5, d'lQmsf] gf6s b]vfO{ g} /x]sf] 5 .

ca csf]{ d'lQmsf] df]rf{ agfpg] gf6s 5f]8 a|fx\d0f < olb ltdL ;f“Rr} g} cfkm"nfO{ aGwgx¿af6 d'Qm x'g rfxG5f} eg] tL aGwgx¿ s] x'g\ < s;n] agfP/ ltdLnfO{ af“w]sf x'g\ < klxn] To;sf] lgSof}{n u/ .

ltdLnfO{ c¿ s;}n] af“w]sf] xf]Og . cg]sf}+ :ju{, g/s / sd{sf08sf sfNklgs bfDnf / ;fª\nf agfP/ ltdLn] cfkm}+ cfkm"nfO{ af“w]sf xf} . ltdL hGd"bf c¿sf] eGbf 5'§} ltd|f] hg}, 6'KkL / h'/f]{ s]xL lyPg . hg}sf] bfDnf], 6'KkLsf] uf“7f] / bDeL h'/f]{sf] aGwgdf ltdL cfkm}+ af“lwPsf xf} . dfgjhfltnfO{ cg]sf}+ hftkft / 5'jf5"tdf km'6fP/ gfgf lsl;dsf e]befjsf kvf{n p7fP/ ltdL cfkm}+ cToGt ;f“3'/f] lg:;fl;g] vf]/df y'lgg k'u]sf xf} . cToGt ;'Gb/, dgf]x/, ;+uLt / gfrufgsf] /dfOnf] ;+;f/af6 klG5P/, vfln z+v–3G6 / v}+h]8L–dh'/fsf] ;fgf] dem]/Ldf ltdL cfkm} 6flS;g k'u]sf xf} . ltdLn] ufosnfO{ ufOg], afbs / gt{snfO{ afbL, bdfO{ cflb egL c5"t agfP/ ;+uLt snfsf] ckdfg u¥of} . uf]ne]+8f, n;'g / Kofhsf af:gfbf/ Jo~hgaf6 ltdL cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ al~rt u/]sf xf} . >LdtL, 5f]/f5f]/L / a'xf/Lx¿nfO{ 3[0ff u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ s'i7/f]uLem}+ :jo+kfsL agfP/ s'gfdf ws]Ng] ltdL g} xf} . ukm ubf{ ;Dk"0f{ dflg; / hLjhGt' Pp6} O{Zj/ jf a|x\dsf ;Gtfg x'g\ eGg] pbf/ s'/f ug]{ t/ Jojxf/df eg] cfkm}+h:tf dfG5]nfO{ c5"t agfP/ ku]{Ng] w"t{ / km6fxf ltdL g} xf} . Tofu / bfgdf xl/ZrGb|, aln, lzjL / bwLlrsf syf ;'gfP/ cfkm" eg] k/d nf]eL eO{ …afx'gsf] lrQ dfvfsf] lkQÚ eGg] pkflw kfpg] ltdL g} xf} . kl/>d, pBf]u, Jofkf/ cflbaf6 klG5P/ cfkm"nfO{ lg/Lx s+ufn, 6k/], k'/f]lxt agfPsf] c¿n] xf]Og ltdLn] g} xf] .

o;/L cfkm}+n] cfljisf/ u/]sf krf;f}+ emGem6 / aGwgdf cfkm}+nfO{ hs8\g], l7+u'/fpg] / vf]/df hfSg] ltdL a|fx\d0f g} xf} . cfkm}+n] rflx"bf÷grflx"bf t]QL;sf]l6 b]ptf agfP/ cfkm}+ ltgsf] bf; aGg] ltdL g} xf} . ltdLn] ;f/f dflg;nfO{ hLljt 5"b} cg]sf}+ sfNklgs aGwgn] t af“Wof}–af“Wof}, cfkm}+n] sfNklgs od/fh agfP/, cfkm" d/]kl5 klg To;} odkf;df af“lwP/ g/snf]slt/ ntfl/g] 3[l0ft eljiosf] b'MvfGt ¿k/]vf sf]g]{ klg ltdL g} xf} .

To;}n] a|fx\d0f clnslt a'l4 5 eg] ca …a|fx\d0f d'lQmdf]rf{Ú xf]Og, a|fx\d0fx¿n] cfljisf/ u/]sf c;+Vo cTofrf/ / sfNklgs aGwgx¿af6 ;anfO{ 5'6sf/f lbg] …;fd"lxs dfgjLo d'lQmdf]rf{Ú u7g ug'{ cfjZos 5 . c;x\o hftLo e]befj, h3Go 5'jf5"t / eo+s/ zf]if0f pTkL8gaf6 dfgjnfO{ d'Qm u/L rf]vf] g]kfnL / z'4 dfgj agfpg] cleofgsf] df]rf{ agfpg] xf] eg] To;df ;a} hfthfltsf], zf]lift, kLl8t, blnt ;d'bfosf] dfgjtf Pstfa4 eO{ nfdsf nfd nfu]/ cl3 a9\g]5 . o;f] u/]dfq a|fx\d0faf6 a|fx\d0fsf] d'lQm cyf{t\ ltd|f] d'lQm ;Dej 5 .

a|fx\d0f uDeL/ b]lvof] . p;sf] d/GRof“;] cg'xf/df pHofnf] cfef el/+b} uof] . pm a|fx\d0fh:tf] xf]Og, dflg;h:tf] b]lvof] .

ko{6s ;'/Iff M /fli6«o bfloTj

sNof0f e08f/L

b]zsf] ko{6sLo b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn :yfgx¿df /fHosf lj?4 o'4df /x]sf dfcf]jfbLx¿af6 cfqmd0f ePsf] eGg] va/ obfsbf ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 . ^ jif{cl3 dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 ;'? ePotf ko{6g If]qdf s'g} 7"n} cfqmd0f ePsf] hfgsf/Ldf gcfP klg l56k'6 ¿kdf ePsf] o:tf 36gfnfO{ s;}n] klg eT;{gf eg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g .

;f]xL ;Gbe{df cd]l/sfsf] :6]6 l8kf6{d]G6n] a]nfa]nfdf cfkm\gf gful/sx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf s]xL o:tf e"efu e|d0f ubf{ ;ts{tf ckgfpg ;r]t klg u/fp“b} cfPsf] va/n] ut ;fnsf] ef/tLo ljdfg ckx/0fsf] 36gf / tTkZrft\ ef/tsf s]xL 5fkf / 6]lnlehgn] g]kfnsf] zflGt;'/IffnfO{ lnP/ u/]sf] e|fds k|rf/ tyf ev{/}sf] Clts k|s/0f clg xf]6n dhb'/sf cfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k g]kfnL ko{6g Joj;fon] ef]Ug'k/]sf] kL8fnfO{ cfufdL lbgdf cem ulx/fpg ;Sg]5 .

o; lsl;dsf 36gfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ u[x k|zf;gsf] lhDdf eP klg ko{6g Joj;foLx¿n] klg cfkm\gf ko{6ssf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDdf s]xL xb;Dd lng}kg]{ x'G5 h;sf] nflu pgLx¿n] kxn ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o:tf 36gf d'Votof /fhgLlts dxŒjfsf+Iffsf c+z eP klg kl/0flt eg] b]zn] g} ef]Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . b]zsf] ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{gsf] k|d'v ;|f]t dflg+b} cfPsf] ko{6g pBf]un] s] o:tf k|xf/ y]Ug ;Snf t <

s'g} klg ko{6g Joj;foL cyjf o;;“u ;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] pk/f]Qm 36gfnfO{ lnP/ vf;} rf;f] b]vfPsf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5}g . o:tf 36gfdf hf];'s}sf] ;+nUgtf eP klg o;n] g]kfnsf] ko{6gnfO{ c;/ kfl//x]s} x'G5 . ko{6gdf b]zsf] 5lj / ;f];DaGwL s'–k|rf/n] sltsf] xflg k5{ / xfd|f] b]zsf] 5lj jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf slt;Dd ;+j]bgzLn 5 eGg] s'/F ut ;fnsf] s'n ko{6g cfudgsf] tYof+sdf !)=!^ k|ltztn] / ef/tLo ko{6g cfudgsf] tYof+sdf #!=*@ k|ltztn] cfPsf] x|f;n] b]vfPsf] 5 . xfn}sf lx+;fsf ultljlwn] ko{6snfO{ k|ToIf s'g} xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPsf] eGg] va/ gcfP klg o:tf 36gfnfO{ r'k nfu]/ k|fyldstf lbg'rflx" cfkm\gf] cjgltsf] vf8n vGg'h:t} g} xf] .

abln"bf] ljZj kl/l:yltnfO{ lgofn]/ x]bf{ o; lsl;dsf 36gfnfO{ n'sfpg'eGbf cfkm"n] o; lsl;dsf] 36gf x'g glbg s]–s:tf gLlt, lgod agfOPsf 5g\ / sfof{Gjog ul/Psf 5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf Nofpg' g} bL3{sfnLg lxtdf x'g]5 . ko{6sn] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt gkfpGh]n e|d0f lg0f{onfO{ ljrf/fwLg g} /fVg] x'G5g\ . To;}n] ko{6g Joj;fodf ;+nUg ;a}n] ko{6g ;'/Iffdf :ki6 cjwf/0ff agfO{ ;f]nfO{ cfkm\gf k|rf/k|;f/ / k|a4{gsf dfWodaf6 ko{6snfO{ ;';"lrt u/L pgLx¿sf] lxt Pj+ ;'/Iffsf] oy]i6 k|Tofe"lt lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

ko{6sx¿nfO{ kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt vt/fx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL x]bf{ ko{6g ;'/Iff eGgfn]– dfgjLo tyf ;+u7gfTds jftfj/0f, h:t} M rf]/L, anfTsf/, ckx/0f, cft+ssf/L ultljlw .

– ko{6sLo tyf o;;“u ;DalGwt If]q, h:t} M clUg, aGb, 7uL, zf}r, ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/ .

– JolQmut ko{6s cyf{t\ ko{6ssf JolQmut lqmofsnfk, h:t} M c;fjwfgL .

– ef}lts tyf jftfj/0fLo k|efj, h:t} M jftfj/0fLo c1fgtf, k|fs[lts ljkbf cflb k5{g\ .

t/ xfd|f xfn;Ddsf k|of;x¿df ;fdfGotof ko{6g k"jf{wf/leq g} ;'/IffnfO{ klg /flvg] / d'Votof ef}lts k"jf{wf/df g} s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . cyf{t\ olb ef}lts ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f ePdf o;nfO{ ko{6sLo b[li6n] ;DkGg dfGb5f}+ . o;sf nflu dfgjLo ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] oy]i6tf, :jLsfo{tfnfO{ vf;} dxŒj lbOg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g .

xfdLn] ko{6sLo b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn eg]/ g g]kfn aGbnfO{ g} lng] u/]sf 5f}+ g t To;n] ko{6sx¿nfO{ c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] egL ko{6s :jo+nfO{ ;r]t kfg{ sfo{qmd NofPsf 5f}+ . xfdLn] o:tf ;'/Iffsf k|;+udf c¿n] k|Zg ug'{eGbf cufj} o; ljifodf cEof; yfNg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . cGoyf ljdfg ckx/0fsf tyf To;kl5sf ljljw 36gfqmdsf sf/0f k|:t't gsf/fTds 5lj / g]kfnL ko{6gn] ef]u]sf kl/0ffd / o;sf] kL8f o;;“u ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ cjut} 5 .

xfnnfO{ s] ug'{knf{ t <

ko{6g;“u ;DalGwt clwsf+z kIfnfO{ /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo b'j} txaf6 kxn x'g'k5{ . ko{6s ;'/Iffsf ;DaGwdf Ps 7f]; cjwf/0ff agfO{ ;f]xL cjwf/0ffsf cfwf/df ;'/Iffsf ljleGg lgsfox¿nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg'k5{ . ;'/Iffdf u[x k|zf;gsf] k|d'v e"ldsf eP klg o; sfo{df ljleGg dGqfno, ljefu, :yfgLo ;d'bfo, ko{6g pBf]u k|ltlglw, ;~rf/ dfWodaLrsf] ;dGjo cTofjZos x'G5 h;nfO{ /fli6«o ko{6g lgsfon] ug'{k5{ . xfnnfO{ k|d'v ko{6sLo :yfgdf :yfgLo :t/df lqmofzLn /x]sf ;a} lgsfosf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] ko{6s ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] u7g u/L o;} ;ldltåf/f :yfgLo ko{6s ;'/Iff gLltsf] th'{df u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df ko{6s ;'/Iff of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 .

ko{6s ;'/Iff of]hgfdf cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm e|d0fsf lsl;d / k|efljt ko{6g If]q tyf :yfgsf cfwf/df ;Defljt vt/fsf] klxrfg, ko{6sdfly x'g] ck/fwsf] 5fglag tyf lg/fs/0f, ko{6sLo :yfgx¿df x'g] u}/sfg'gL x:tIf]k, ;~rflnt ko{6sLo ultljlwdf dfu{lgb]{zg, ;'/Iffsf ljifodf x'g] z+sf–cfz+sf lg/fs/0f / ;f];DaGwL ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] k|jfx, ;+s6 Joj:yfkg tyf ;f];DaGwL ljifodf bIftf, ;'/Iff u'0f:t/sf] lgwf{/0f tyf sfof{Gjogh:tf s'/f :ki6 ePsf] x'g'k5{ . ;fwf/0ftof zflGt;'/Iffsf] lhDdf k|x/Lsf] eP tfklg ko{6s;“u ;DalGwt ;'/Iffsf ljifodf ko{6g If]q / o;af6 nfeflGjt ju{sf] nflu a9L rf;f]sf] ljifo x'g] x'gfn] o;sf nflu ul7t ;ldltdf pgLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . vf;u/L o:tf] sfo{df hgr]tgf / hg;xeflutfsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf x'g] x'gfn] o:tf] sfo{df :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ o; ;DaGwdf ;Sbf] a9L dfqfdf ;lDdlnt u/fpg'k5{ .

ko{6g Joj;foLx¿n] obfsbf g]kfn aGbsf] lj/f]w u/]sf] / o; lsl;dsf sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ u/]sf] cfu|x k|z+;gLo 5 . pgLx¿n] g]kfn aGbsf] af/]df clu|d hfgsf/L lbg] tyf ;f] cj;/df x'g ;Sg] ;DefJo vt/fsf] ;DaGwdf cfkm"n] u/]sf k|lt/IffTds k|aGwx¿af/] ljb]zL ko{6sx¿nfO{ cjut u/fpg ;s]df o;n] ko{6sx¿df ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"ltrflx"
cjZo lbg]5 .

cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g / ;f];“u ;DalGwt If]q ;'/Iffsf] ljifodf cToGt ;+j]bgzLn x'g] x'gfn] ko{6ssf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt glbnfO{sg ko{6s cfudgdf pNn]Vo j[l4 Nofpg d'l:sn 5 . ko{6s cfudgsf j[l4sf nflu ko{6g :ynsf] ljljwLs/0f, gf}nf] :ynsf] vf]hL tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg tyf k|a4{gdf ca ko{6s ;'/Iffsf] csf]{ cWofo yKg'kg]{ cfjZostf v8\lsPsf] 5 . ko{6g Joj;fo;“u ;DalGwt ;a} ;+3;+:yf jf lgsfon] o; ljifodf rf;f] b]vfP/ b]zsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ko{6g pBf]unfO{ cem k|lt:kwf{Tds agfpg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

PDa';}–PDa';

lbne"if0f kf7s

Uofl:6ssf] /f]uLnfO{ Psflaxfg} xft k/]sf] cvaf/sf] klxnf] v'/fs /flzkmnd} k]6 u8a8 eg]kl5 cs:dft Uofl:6s a9]sf] efg k¥of] . nf} ePg eGb} Hof]ltifL afh]sf] eljiojf0fL ;fy{s agfpg xQkQ d e¥ofªd'lgsf] kfOvfgfdf l55'{ . t/ cfh klg vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgn] wf/fdf kfgL g5f8]sf] s'/f] kfOvfgfleq Pp6f l;u/]6 t'l/Pkl5 dfq yfxf eof] /, d em08} b'O{ 306f;Dd vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgsf] …PDa';Ú df k5'{ . wGo xf], lgs} a]/ ;f]r]kl5 PsfPs pkfo km'5{— nufO/fv]sf] ;'¿jfnsf] vNtLdf uf“paf6 afÚn] k7fÚsf] ;fx"sf] td;'ssf] af]wfy{ lyof] . d vfg]kfgLsf] PDa';af6 ;s'zn p4f/ x'G5' .

kfOvfgfaf6 aflx/ lg:sgf;fy elthf] g]kfn aGbsf] PDa';df k/]/ kf7zfnf hfg gkfPsf] yfxf x'G5 . ptf alxgL klg ;njf/–s'tf{df cfO/g nufpg gkfP/ cfkm"nfO{ PDa''; yfKg] ljB't\ k|flws/0fnfO{ ;/fKg' ;/fK5] . ;/sf/n] lng g;s]sf] lhDdf d lsg lnp“ < d cfkm\gf] af6f] ttfp“5' . ljr/f b'j} lbgel/ PDa';df k/]5g\ .

s] ef] t < cflv/ PDa';df gkg]{ 5 g} sf] / < To;f] t clxn] sf“u|];sf] ;/sf/ g} kf/ nufpg} g;Sg] vfnsf] PDa';df k/]sf] 5 . x]/f}+ s;/L kf/ kfp“5 of] PDa';af6 .

…hLjg eg]sf] ;+3if{ xf]Ú, s]6fs]6L 5"bf :s'nsf df:6/n] ;k|;Ë JofVof ug{] axfgfdf ljBfyL{nfO{ PDa';df kfg]{ u/]sf] 36gf ;De"mb} d hflu/sf] af6f] ttfp“5' .

wGo k|e', uf}zfnfg]/ ;8s ljefun] yfk]sf] cfwf km'6 ulx/f] PDa';df c¿ sf]xL kl/;s]sf] /x]5 . /ftlbg a"r]/ lx"8\b} cfP klg cflv/ cfh Tof] dg'Vv] km:g uP5 PDa';df . PDa';df cfkm" gk/]sf]df eujfg\nfO{ wGojfb lbG5' . 3'"8f] /StfDd] kf/]sf tL o'jsnfO{ pN6f] 6«flkms k|x/L cfP/ csf]{ …PDa';Ú yfK5 . …cf“vf x]/]/ lx"8\g ;Sb}g;\ < vf]O nfO;]G; n] .Ú ljr/f tL o'js PDa';af6 slt lynlylnP s'lGg † x/], d'7e]8 eof] eg] s;/L arfpg' cfkm"nfO{ < d'7e]8sf gfddf To;/L PDa';df kg]{ w]/}sf] syf d}n] ;'lg;s]sf] 5' . olt s'/f dgdf sNk]/ af6f] ttfp“ .

afg]Zj/ cfOk'u]kl5 cfkm\g} ;fyLn] yfk]sf] Pp6f PDa';df kl/of] . …;ft lbg eof] of/, s]xL vfg kfOPsf] 5}g, eo+s/ /8\l8h eof] lg . afÚn] k};f gk7fP/ ¥ofu u/] of/Ú, b'O{ ;o ¿k}of“ lbPkl5 aNn ;fyLsf] PDa';af6 pDsG5' . a8f] uhasf] dfG5] 5 of] . b'O{ dlxgfdf ufp“ hfG5 / c/a hfg] gfddf afa';“u k};f] v]Kb} Nofp“5 . afa' ;d]tnfO{ dlxg}lkR5] PDa';df kfg]{n] ;fyLnfO{ 5f8f];\ klg s;/L < Psk6s rflx+ c/a k'u]sf] klg /], t/ s]6L lh:sfPkl5 sf]/f{ xfg]/ k7fP5g\ df]/fnfO{ lkmtf{ . wGo xf], c;tLn] d]/f] 8]/f b]v]sf] 5}g\, gq To;n] d]/f] 8]/fnfO{ klg ;f+;bs} 8]/fem}+ agfp“Yof] .

d cfkm\gf] sfof{no cfpg] qmddf cem cufl8 a9\5' . clns j/ cfOk'u]kl5 csf]{ PDa';df kg{af6 afnafn a"lrof] . kf]xf]/;Dd lhªl/Ë skfn kf/]/ lx"8\g] cfkm\g} ufp“sL sfO"nL cfhsn zx/ k;]kl5 yfO{s6 sf6]/ lhG; kfOG6df lx"8\g yfln5] . Soflag /]i6'/]G6df sfd u5]{ /] . lgDtf lbPsL 5] dnfO{ pm sfd ug]{ Soflagdf vfg cfpg] . ;a} kfOG5 /] . dfq d]/f] sfd k};f af]s]/ hfg] . ;f]Rb}5', slt 7"nf] / eofgs xf] Tof] PDa'; . k|x/L cfO{ gk'u] t /]i6'/f“sf] /demd klg ltxf/sf] k6fsfh:t} xf]nf . t/ k|x/L cfof] eg] kf] k6fsf PDa';df kl/0ft xf]nf .

d c¿ cufl8 a9\5' . af6fdf kg]{ l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/df cf“vf k5{ . krf; k|ltzt 5'6 /] . ca k;ndf klg PDa'; < x] eujfg\, s] lbg cfPsf] xf]nf . d ;De"mb} cufl8 a9\5' . yf]/} ltgLn] 5'6 lbg] xf] / < 5'6sf gfddf u|fxsnfO{ cfkm\gf] PDa';df dfq kfg{ vf]h]sf x'g\ . km]l/ rf/ xhf/sf] lhG; KofOG6 dnfO{ b'O{ xhf/df lbP klg yf]/} d Tof] KofOG6 nufp“5' ls Sof xf] < dfUg]nfO{ rfnL; nfvsf] kh]/f] kf“r} nfvdf lbPh:tf] .

d cem cufl8 a9\5' . ;8sdfly /ftf] t'n 6f“luPsf] 5 . vf]O s] hftL lsGbf s] l;Q}df kfOg] /] . km]l/ klg PDa'; . l7s} 5 . ca ;+;f/} …PDa';doÚ /x]5 eGb} d cufl8 a9\5' . w]/} efÚ lyof] x6d]n r]s gu/]sf] . d ;8s 5]psf] b'sfgdf a;]/ x6d]n r]s ug{ a:5' . gfy] b'O{j6f d]n r]s ug{ 7\ofSs} Ps 3G6f nfUof] . ldg]6sf] rf/j6f ¿k}of“sf b/n] 7\ofSs} @ ;o @$ j6f ¿k}of“ nfUof] . cflv/ o;nfO{ klg PDa'; geg]/ s] eGg] . o;f] d]n k9f+} eG5', nfv ¿k}of“ lhT5;\ eg]/ nf]Eofp“5 OG6/g]6n] . of] csf]{ PDa'; /x]5 af7fx¿sf] . e}uf] eGb} 3/} kms{G5' .

3/ gk'Ub} ufp“af6 afÚn] kmf]g u5{g\ . …5f]/f nf7] eO;\, cfpg] j}zfvdf ljjfx ug'{k5{, rf“8} 5'§L ldnfP/ ufp“ cfpg' .Ú

x/] of] 5f]/f] vf“§L PDa';df t k/]s} /x]g5 . x] eujfg\, ca d]/fnflu of]eGbf 7"nf] csf]{ PDa'; s] x'g ;S5 < d /GylgG5' . olt g} a]nf uLt ufp“b} u/]sf] /]l8of]n] hfh/sf]6df PDa';df k/]/ ufp“n] d/]sf] va/ eG5 . d ;f]Rg} ;lQmg . x] eujfg\, s] ug]{ xf]nf .

htf uof] Tot} PDa'; . stf dfcf]jfbL PDa';, stf ;/sf/L PDa'; . stf Jofkf/Lsf] PDa';, st} cfkmGt}sf] PDa'; . x] eujfg\, oL ;f/f PDa';af6 s;/L d'lQm kfpg] xf]nf . d ;f]Rg} g;Sg] ePsf] 5' . d cGof}ndf 5' . d lt/ld/fPsf] 5' . nf}g, s]xL pkfo 5}g of] PDa';af6 kf/ kfpg] < olta]nf d klg PDa';df k/]sf] ;/sf/ hlQs} ePsf] 5' .