vf]O sxf“ 5 k|ltkIf <

/fh]Gb| dxh{g

k|hftGqsf] ;a}eGbf sd zAbdf ul/Psf] oyfy{td ;'Gb/ kl/efiff xf]– k|hftGq eg]sf] hgtfsf nflu hgtfåf/f hgtfsf] ;/sf/ xf] . t/ oyfy{df xfd|f] b]zsf] k|hftGqdf g ;/sf/ g t k|ltkIfL kf6L{x¿ g} hgtfsf nflu hgtfåf/f hgtfsf ;/sf/ / kf6L{x¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ .

;z:q k|x/L an / ;]gfh:tf bdgsf/L zlQmx¿sf] kl/rfng ePkl5 hgtfsf /fhgLlts clwsf/x¿ emg\–emg\ ;Lldt x'g yfn]sf] l:yltdf xfd|f] k|hftGq …rf}yfO k|hftGqÚ df ;+s'lrt x'g yfn]sf] 5 / oxL …rf}yfO k|hftGqÚ klg ca hgtfsf nflu hgtfåf/f / hgtfsf] gx'g] vt/f 68\sf/f] x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

of] rf}yfO k|hftGq hgtfåf/f g]tfx¿sf nflu NofOPsf] tGq x'g yfn]sf] 5 . To;}n] g} k|hftGqsf nflu n8]sf g]tfx¿ hgtfsf dflns x'g yfn]sf x'g\ .

hgtfsf dflns ag]sf xfd|f g]tfx¿n] b]z rf}tkmL{ aaf{bL / eofjx ;+s6df km:g] zt{df e|i6 / clwgfosjfbL zf;g rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . /, rf}yfO k|hftGqsf] ef/L af]ls/x]sf g]kfnL hgtf r]tgf, ;+u7g / ;+3if{nfO{ ;+ul7t / d'vl/t ug]{ ;zQm k|ltkIfsf] cefjdf s7f]/ zf]if0f, pTkL8g / bdgaLr r/d lg/fzf / tLj| cfqmf]zaLr af"lr/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a}sf] d'Vo sf/s g]kfnL sf+u|]; / To;df klg k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] e|i6 / clwgfosjfbL zf;g xf], h;nfO{ …lul/hftGqÚ eGg' plrt x'G5 . kb, k};f / k|lti7fsf nflu cfkm\g} b]z / hgtfsf] lxt;d]t aln r9fpg] lul/hftGqn] lgdf{0f u/]sf ljs[lt, lj;+ult / aaf{bLsf] kxf8 x]bf{ o:tf] nfU5, dfgf}+ g]kfndf b]z / hgtfsf] lxtl;t s'g} ;/f]sf/ gePsf] eidf;'/] ;/sf/ dfq} cl:tTjdf 5, dfgf}+ lul/hftGqsf b]zlj/f]wL sbdx¿ / hglj/f]wL sbdx¿sf] hg:t/df k|lt/f]w ug{ ;Sg] s'g} k|ltkIfLx¿ g} 5}gg\ .

b]zdf k|ltkIfsf] cl:tTj ePsf] eP ;QfkIfsf s'ts{x¿ lj¿4 ;'ts{x¿ b]lvOg'kg]{ xf] . k|ltkIfL kf6L{x¿ ;f"Rr} g} hLljt ePsf] eP ;/sf/L kIfsf s'ljrf/ / s'sd{x¿sf lj¿4 k|ltkIfLo ;'ljrf/ / ;'sd{x¿ cl:tTjdf ePsf] jf:tljstf ;a}n] b]Vg'kg]{ xf] / b]lvOg'kg]{ xf]– k|ltkIfLo lrGtg / sd{, cfnf]rgfTds ljj]sn] o'Qm ;sf/fTds lqmofx¿, j}slNks ;kgf, of]hgf / lgdf{0fsf sd{x¿ †

k|ltkIfLo lrGtg / sd{sf] cefj ePs} sf/0fn] of] rf}yfO k|hftGq ;+s'lrt x'"bfx'"b} lul/hftGqdf km]l/O;s]sf] 5, tfklg ;SsnL / k"0f{ k|hftGqsf nflu hg;+3if{sf] nx/ pTkGg ePsf] 5}g . k"0f{ k|hftGq eg]sf] cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ gLlt lg0f{o / lqmofGjogdf hgtfsf] cfnf]rgfTds ;xeflutf xf], of] s'g} cfsfzsf] kmn xf]Og, tfklg k|ltkIfLo lrGtg / sd{sf] cefjn] ubf{ lul/hftGqsf] s[kfn] b]zL–ljb]zL k'"hLkltx¿ hgtfsf] hLjgdf lg0ff{os eO/x]sf 5g\ . s:tf] lj8Dagf eg] …k|ltkIfÚ sf] ;fOgaf]8{ em'08\ofP/ cf–cfkm\gf k;n yflk/x]sf 5g\ yl/yl/ kf6L{x¿ †

cfkm"nfO{ …k|ltkIfLÚ egfpg rfxg] kf6L{x¿ g]kfndf ;f"Rr}sf k|ltkIfLx¿ h:tf] gb]lvPsf], k|ltkIfLo lrGtg / sd{sf] v8]/L k/]sf] ljrf/ k9]/ ;DejtM c;Gt'i6 / cfqmf]lzt x'g ;S5g\, pgLx¿n] l/;n] k|ltlqmof lbg ;S5g\ . lul/hftGqsf] ;Qf jl/kl/ pku|xh:t} 3'Dg] blIf0fkGyL kf6L{x¿n] df}g k|ltlqmof lbg] ;Defjgf /x] tfklg cfkm"nfO{ k|d'v k|ltkIf / dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL eGg ¿rfpg] g]skf -Pdfn]_ b]lv ;a} jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿sf] k|ltlqmof lgs} s8f x'g ;S5 . t/ oxf" k|Zg p7\5, x/bd k|ltlqmofdfq lbg vlKk; g]kfnL jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿ slxn] k|ltkIfsf] :t/;Dd p7\nfg\ / k|ltlqmofdf dfq gcNemL logLx¿n] …lqmofÚ -PS;g_ klg ug{ yfNnfg\ <

ljut !! jif{sf] yf}rfO k|hftGqsf] Oltxf; / jt{dfg x]bf{ :ki6 b]lvG5 M /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ / ;b\efjgf kf6L{ lul/hftGqsf] ;Qfsf] pku|x eP/ 3'ld/x]sf 5g\ . /, g]skf -Pdfn]_ rf}yfO k|hftGqsf] ;Qfdf cf;Lg x'g cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] lrGtg / sd{nfO{ 5f]8\b} oxL Joj:yfsf] c+u x'g k|oTg/t 5 . cfkm\gf] qmflGtsf/L ju{ / ju{ b[li6sf]0f kl/Tofu ug]{ qmddf o;sf] g]t[Tj dWod ju{af6 wgL ju{df ¿kfGtl/t x'"b}5 eg] o;n] …;fdflhs hgjfbLÚ sf] jf:tljs nfOg pbf/jfb, ldl>t cy{tGq, dxfsfnL ;lGwsf] :jLs[lt / ax'bnLo hgjfbdfkm{t\ cleJoQm x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o;}sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k ;QfnfO{ ;fWo 7fGg] k|j[lQlt/ nxl;Psf] Pdfn] g]t[Tj k|ltkIfL / jfdkGyLsf] e"ldsfaf6 Ro't x'g] qmd ;'¿ ePsf] b]lvG5 .

;+;b / ;8saf6 6fl9P/ …hgo'4Ú ul//x]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] klg hgtfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf hgcfGbf]ng p7fO{ ;zQm k|ltkIfsf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;8ssf] hgcfGbf]nglagf …hgo'4Ú l6Sg / ;kmn x'g g;Sg] g]kfnL oyfy{nfO{ a]jf:tf u/L g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] hgtfsf nflu o'4 rnfO/x]sf] 5, h'g hgo'4 hgtfåf/f hgtfsf] o'4 eO/x]sf] 5 ls 5}g eGg] 7"nf] k|ZglrGxaLr kml;/x]sf] 5 . t/ …hgo'4Ú sf] Pp6f ;/fxgLo kf6f] s] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbLx¿n] …hgtfs} nfluÚ eP klg ufp"–ufp"df zf]if0f / pTkL8glj¿4 ;zQm ¿kdf cfkm\g} kxnsbdLdf lqmofTds ;+3if{ yfln/x]sf 5g\, k|ltlqmofTds vfnsf] ;+3if{ xf]Og .

c¿ jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿ eg] r'gfjdf Pdfn]sf] jl/kl/ / ;8s ;+3if{df dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ jf /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldlt jl/kl/ pku|xh:t} 3'D5g\ / cfkm\g} ;zQm hgfwf/, j}slNks, l;h{gzLn / hgd'vL gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] cefjdf lklN;O/x]sf 5g\ .

jf:tjdf k|ltkIfLsf /+uLg ;fOgaf]8{x¿ em'08\ofP/ al;/x]sf g]kfnL jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿sf] 7"nf] /f]u xf] k|ltlqmofTds ;+3if{ . cfkm"n] vf]h]sf] Gofo, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfn] o'Qm k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu ;sf/fTds 9+un] kxnsbdL lng] sfo{df eGbf a];L logLx¿ k|ltlqmofTds ;+3if{df clNem/x]sf 5g\ .

k|To]s b]zsf k'"hLjfbL k|hftGq / To;sf] ;Qfdfly cf;Lg x'g] ;/sf/sf lqmofsnfkx¿sf tLgj6f cfofdx¿ x'G5g\ M an k|of]ufTds -sf]Pl;e_, pQ/bfoL -/]:kf]lG;e_ / j}wLs/0f -n]lhl6dfOh];g_ . d"ntM k'ln;, cw{;}lgs, ;}lgs / hf;';L ansf] zlQm k|of]usf] cfwf/df l6Sg] k'"hLjfbL k|hftGqn] cfkm\gf] zf;gnfO{ bL3{hLjL agfpg hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] vfnsf sfd / dfux¿ k"/f ub}{ hgtfsf] 7"nf] lx:;fdf cfkm\gf] ;dy{g h'6fpg] / Tof] ;dy{gnfO{ oyfjt\ agfO/fVg] sfd u5{ . /, ;ef–;Dd]ng / k|rf/ dfWodåf/f cfkm\gf] alnbfg, ;dfh;]jf / b]zk|ltsf] of]ubfgsf] Jofks k|rf/ u/]/ hgdfg;df cfkm\gf] zf;gtGqk|lt ;dy{g h'6fpg] / bdgdf l6ls/x]sf] /fHo;QfnfO{ hgdfg;df j}w agfpg] sfd u5{ . clxn] rf}yfO k|hftGqsf] ;Qfdfly cf;Lg lul/hftGqn] klg oL …tLgj6} hfb'u/L xltof/Ú k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 / xfd|f tyfslyt k|ltkIfLx¿ eg] ;zQm k|ltlqmof lbg;d]t c;dy{ 5g\, hg;+3if{åf/f ;QFRo't ug]{ kIf t 6f9}sf] s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 .

xfd|f] b]z, xfdL g]kfnL / xfd|f] rf}yfO k|hftGqsf] lj8Dagf s] xf] eg] lul/hftGqdf $@ k|ltzt hgtf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg ePsf] b]z !) jif{df g} %! k|ltzt hgtf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg x'g] l:yltdf k'U5, @)$^ ;fndf #& c/a ¿k}of"dfq ljb]zL C0f ePsf] b]z clxn] !(@ c/a ¿k}of" ljb]zL C0f x'g] l:yltdf k'U5, t/ …k|ltkIfÚ sf] ;fOgaf]8{ 6f"lu/x]sf kf6L{x¿ eg] d'vdf bxL hdfP/ al;/xG5g\ . gfkmfdf rln/x]sf / ldq/fi6«x¿n] agfOlbPsf ax'd"No snsf/vfgfx¿ sld;gsf] :jfy{df sf}8Lsf] efpdf b]zL–ljb]zL k'"hLkltx¿nfO{ a]r]/ lul/hftGqn] lghLs/0fsf] cleofg rnfp"5, t/ ljkIfL kf6L{x¿ eg] dhb'/x¿nfO{ ;+ul7t / ;+3if{zLn agfO{ /fi6«3ftL / dhb'/df/f lghLs/0fsf] cleofgnfO{ 7Kk kfg'{sf] ;§f jQmJoafhLd} dVv k5{g\ . To:t} lul/hftGqn] ljZja}+s / Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+sh:tf gfkmfvf]/ ;fx"x¿sf] cfb]zadf]lhd @)$^ ;fndf k|lto'lg6 ¿= !.$) sf] lah'nL clxn] ljZjs} ;a}eGbf dx"uf]dWo] k|lto'lg6 ¿= ^.#@ kf5{ / ljb]zL bftfx¿s} zt{adf]lhd s[lifdf cg'bfg 36fpg] gLltcGtu{t g]kfnL ls;fgx¿nfO{ rflxg] /f;folgs dndf #)) k|ltzteGbf a9L efp a9fp"5, t/ hgtfsf] /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] bfaL ug]{ jfdkGyL kf6L{ / ls;fg ;+u7gx¿ eg] ;zQm / k|efjzfnL ;+3if{ gyflnsg s]jn k|rf/afhL dfq} u5{g\ .

tyfslyt k|ltkIfL kf6L{x¿sf] k|ltkIfLo wd{ b]zsf] :jfwLgtf, k|hftflGqs clwsf/ / hghLljsfsf ;jfnx¿df w]/} sd dfq} ;zQm hgk|lt/f]wsf] lemNsf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . a'l4hLjLx¿sf] ;Tk|of;d"ns cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf rls{Psf] sfnfkfgLsf] ;jfn TolQs} ylGsg', nId0fk'/ af"w;DaGwL ljjfb ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿d} x/fpg', ;z:q k|x/L an / ;]gfh:tf bdgsf/L zlQmx¿sf] kl/rfnglj¿4 ;8sdf hgkl/rfng gx'g' / dx"uL emg\–emg\ csflz"bf klg h'emf¿ vfnsf hgcfGbf]ngx¿ gx'g'n] b]vfO/x]sf 5g\– ljkIfLx¿ k|ltkIfLo hgcfjfh a'nGb ug{ / ;zQm hg;+3if{x¿ ;~rfng ug{df w]/} kl5 k/]sf 5g\ . /, logLx¿n] s]xL l56km'6 emf/f 6/fO{ vfnsf k|ltlqmofTds ;+3if{af6 cfkm\g} k|ltkIfLo wd{ kfngf ePsf] lbjf:jKg b]lv/x]sf 5g\ .

ljkIfL kf6L{x¿, ljz]iftM jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿sf o:tf emf/f 6/fO{ vfn] k|ltlqmofTds ;+3if{x¿ x]bf{ nfU5, logLx¿n] k|ltlqmofTds ;+3if{x¿ ;d]t klg lsg ;zQm, k|efjzfnL / kmnbfoL 9+un] p7fp"b}gg\ < xf], kSs} klg nfp8f sf08, dx"uL, /fHolx+;f h:tf lul/hftGqsf hglj/f]wL lqmofsnfkx¿ lj¿4 ;zQm, k|efjzfnL / kmnbfoL vfnsf k|ltlqmofTds ;3if{x¿ klg cfjZos 5g\, To;sf] cfjZostfnfO{ sbflk gsfg{ ;ls"b}g . t/ To:tf ;+3if{x¿df klg hgtfsf] ;lqmo cfnf]rgfTds ;xeflutfsf] cfofdsf] cfjZostfnfO{ klg slxNo} la;{g' x'"b}g . sfo{stf{ cfGbf]ngn] dfq} ;+3if{ ;kmn x'g] ;Defjgf g} /x"b}g . s'Voft nfp8f sf08df g/fd|/L d'l5Psf] lul/hftGqnfO{ k/f:t ug{ c¿d'vL jf alx/d'vL ;+3if{ ul//x]sf jfdkGyL g]tfx¿n], ljz]iftM Pdfn]sf g]tfx¿n] cfkm"leq / cfkm\gf kf6L{sf g]tfx¿leq /x]sf e|i6frf/sf] dgf]j[lQ / e|i6 cfrf/–Jojxf/ hGdfpg] w/ftnlj¿4 cfkm"d'vL jf cGt/d'vL j}rfl/s–;f+:s[lts ;+3if{ gu/]df o:tf ;+3if{x¿ ;Qf;"u ;DalGwt, /fhgLlts :jfy{;"u ;DalGwt emu8fdf dfq} ;Lldt x'g]5g\ . o:tf ;+3if{x¿ s'g} pGgt j}rfl/s–;f+:s[lts pmhf{ lagfsf, hgtfsf] a[xt\ ;xeflutf / sfo{stf{x¿sf] ;lqmo lqmofzLntflagf kfgLsf] kmf]sfem}+ p7\g] / x/fpg] ;Defjgf a];L /xG5 .

rf}yfO k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{ k|hftGqdf abNg] xf] eg] g]kfnL jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿sf] hg;xeflutfo'Qm ;lqmotf, kxnsbdL, lqmofTds ;+3if{ vf]O t < /fhgLlts, j}rfl/s / ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng vf]O t < lul/hftGq jf sf+u|];L ;/sf/n] cyjf ;QfkIfn] sltv]/ uNtL–sdhf]/L b]vfp"5g\, sltv]/ b]z / hglj/f]wL sfd u5{g\ eg]/ 9's]/ a:g] clg uNtL–sdhf]/L ePkl5, b]z / hglj/f]wL sfd ePkl5 To;sf] v'§f tfGg], To;sf] e08fkmf]/ ug]{, To;sf] k|ltlqmofdf jQmJoafhL, gf/f–h'n'; ug]{– of] e08fkmf]/jfbL dfgl;stf xf] . o:tf] e08fkmf]/jfbL dfgl;stfn] nfg] 7fp" eg]sf] k|ltlqmofTds ;+3if{lt/} xf], cfkm\g} l;h{gzLn kxnsbdLo'Qm ;+3if{lt/ xf]Og . o;n] jfdkGyLx¿nfO{ klg k|ltlqmofjfbLlt/ 8f]¥ofpg ;S5 / grfx"bf grfx"b} klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; jf lul/hftGqsf] lkR5nUu' agfp"5 .

lul/hftGqsf] lkR5nUu' gaGg] xf] eg] jfdkGyLx¿n] nfp8f e|i6frf/ sf08, dx"uL, ;z:q k|x/L an / ;]gf kl/rfngaf/] ;zQm, k|efjzfnL / kmnbfoL 9+un] k|ltlqmofTds ;+3if{ rnfpg'sf ;fy} l;h{gzLn kxnsbdLn] el/k"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngx¿ yfNg' clt h¿/L x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ qmflGtsf/L k|ltkIf eGg ¿rfpg] jfdkGyLx¿n] …k|ltlqmofjfbLÚ gaGg] xf] eg] ;QfkIfsf b]z / hgtfnfO{ 3ft ug]{ lqmofsnfkx¿ lj¿4 To;sf b'ikl/0ffdx¿ lj¿4 ck|efjsf/L ;+3if{ / lg/y{s k|ltlqmofdfq} lbO/xg' sbflk k|ultzLn lrGtg / sd{ x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] ufp" / zx/df, ;8s / ;bgdf, oxL" / clxNo} Jofkstd pTkLl8t ju{x¿sf] ;xeflutfdf cfd"n kl/jt{gd'vL ;'wf/sf nflu l;h{gf / ;+3if{sf] nsf]{ nufpg ;s]df dfq} clxn] lqmofzLn jfdkGyLx¿ ;f"Rr}sf k|ltkIfL x'g] b]lvG5 .

jf:tjdf g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] ljlzi6 ;+s6k"0f{ kl/l:yltdf rf}yfO k|hftGqsf] ;Qfdfly cf;Lg lg/+s'z / clwgfosjfbL lul/hftGqsf] ;Rrf ljsNk, k|ultd'vL, j}1flgs / zflGtk"0f{ ljsNk eg]sf] cfd"n kl/jt{gd'vL ;'wf/sf nflu ;+3if{zLn x'g ;Sg] ;zQm hgd'vL k|ltkIf g} xf] . cfd"n kl/jt{gd'vL ;'wf/sf nflu l;h{gf / ;+3if{sf] nx/ Nofpg ;s]df dfq} blIf0fkGyL ;'wf/jfb / pu|jfdkGysf] l6Sg] w/ftn x/fp"b} hfg]5 .

o;sf nflu ;f"RrL g} cfd"n kl/jt{gd'vL ;'wf/sf kIfkftLx¿n] hgr]tgf, hg;+u7g / hg;+3if{nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ hgtfnfO{ xfdL cfkm\gf] eljio cfkm}+ lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5f}+ eGg] efjgf hufpg ;sf/fTds 9+un] lqmofzLn ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . cfkm\gf] hLjgdfly k|efljt kfg]{ gLlt lg0f{o / sfo{qmddfly hgx:tIf]k ;+ul7t ug]{ gof" cleofg cGtu{t jgh+un, kf]v/L, gbLgfnf, r/g If]qdfly hg:jfldTj :yflkt ug]{, uon hldgbf/Lb]lv hldgbf/x¿sf xbaGbL gf3]sf hUufx¿ vf];L ;xsf/L jf ;fd"lxs v]tLsf] yfngL ug]{, jfdkGyLx¿ ljhoL ePsf j8f, uflj;, lhlj;, gu/kflnsfx¿df efiff, wd{, hfthfltsf] ;dfg clwsf/ nfu" ug]{, s'lylt, s'/Llt pGd"ngsf nflu ;f+:s[lts cleofg rnfpg], hgtfsf] cfnf]rgfTds r]tgf j[l4 ug{ :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts ax; / ;+3if{x¿ cl3 a9fpg]b]lv hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ dfly p7\g] y'k|} ;'wf/fTds sfdx¿ ug{ ;lsG5 .

o:tf] l;h{gzLn, ;sf/fTds / ;'wf/fTds sfdnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ / j}wflgs 9+un] cfd"n kl/jt{gd'vL r]tgf;"u;"u} hf]8]/ nf"bf ;QfkIf, ;/sf/, kf6L{ jf /fHooGqsf kf6{k'hf{x¿n] 5]sy'g u/]df jt{dfg k'"hLjfbL ;+ljwfg, rf}yfO k|hftGq / To;sf kf6{k'hf{x¿sf ;Ldf / ck|hftflGqs, lg/+s'z / clwgfosjfbL rl/qnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ;+3if{sf] cg'ejåf/f kbf{kmf; ug{ ;lsG5 / ;+3if{sf] cg'ejaf6} hgtfnfO{ qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{sf] cf}lrTo / cfjZostf af]w u/fpg ;lsG5 / Tof] af]w s;}n] yf]kg'{ h¿/L x'"b}g . Toltv]/ ;Dddf hgtfsf r]tgf, ;+u7g, ;+3if{ / zlQm olt r/dr'nLdf k'lu;s]sf] x'g]5 ls lul/hftGqeGbf b;u'gf zlQm ePsf] /fHozlQmn] klg efjL hgqmflGtnfO{ /f]s]/ /f]Sg} ;Sb}g / clxn] k|ltkIfsf] ;fOgaf]8{ 6f"u]/ al;/x]sf kf6L{x¿ o:tf cfd"n kl/jt{gjfbL ;'wf/fTds lrGtg / sd{;"u;"u} cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] pgLx¿ ;Rrf k|ltkIfaf6 klg w]/}–w]/} g} dfly p7\g]5g\ . xf], Toltv]/ ;SsnL k|hftGqsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ x'g yfNg]5 / ;/sf/ tyf k|ltkIf klg hgtfsf nflu hgtfåf/f hgtfsf x'g]5g\ .

oyfy{df cfd"n kl/jt{gjfbL ;'wf/sf nflu l;h{gf / ;+3if{ ug'{ eg]sf] g]kfnL jfdkGyLx¿sf nflu cj;/ klg xf], r'gf}tL klg . s] o:tf] cj;/ / r'gf}tL :jLsf/]/ cufl8 a9\g g]kfnL jfdkGyL kf6L{x¿ tof/ 5g\ <

nfp8f–df]rg M cfhsf] vf“rf]

o'j/fhs'df/ e§/fO{

/fi6«sf] Wjhf eg]sf] /fi6«sf] uf}/j xf] . /fi6« Wjhfjfxs zfg]jflg klg /fi6«sf] uf}/j x'g'kg]{ xf] . cfh o; g]kfnLsf] uf}/jsf] klxrfgnfO{ o:tf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofOPsf] 5, g]kfnLn] klg zfg]jflgnfO{ dfof ug{ 5f]8\g yfn] . klxn] ljb]zsf ljb]zLsf] dfemdf g]kfnL em08f c+lst ljdfg b]Vbf xfd|f] ljdfg egL k|To]s g]kfnLn] uj{ uy]{ . cfhef]ln o;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt cfkm" g]kfnL ePsf] c¿n] yfxf kfpnfg\ eg]/ n'Sg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . clxn] ljb]zdf zfg]jflg n]lvPsf t/ /fli6«o em08f/lxt ljdfg b]Vbf g]kfnLsf] /fli6«o cl:tTj g} ;+s6do ePsf] :d/0f u/fp"5 . ef8fsf hxfhaf6 k|fKt x'g] sld;gn] ubf{ xfd|f] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / klxrfg b'j} lau|g yfn]sf] 5 . nfp8fsf sf/0f zfg]jflgsf sd{rf/L tyf nfp8fsf sd{rf/LaLr tgfj pTkGg eO{ hg:t/df g} b'O{ /fi6«sf] ;DaGw lau|]sf] 5 eGg] ;'Ggdf cfp"b}5 . To;}u/L rfOgf ;fpy–j]i6sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ rLg;"usf] ;DaGwnfO{ wldNofpg] h:tf sfd ePsf] ;'lgPsf] 5 . x'"bfx'"bf zfg]jflgnfO{ ;'rf¿ ¿kn] rnfpg k//fi6« dfldnfsf ljz]if1nfO{ zfg]jflg af]8{df /fVg'kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

ef8fsf ljdfgsf] ;do–;dodf lj/f]w eO{ g} /fv]sf] 5, t/ /fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] hgdtsf] sb/ ug]{ k|of; slxn] klg u/]gg\ . cfkm\gf] :jfy{l;l4 ug{ xfd|f ljb]zL ldq/fi6«x¿;"u eO/fv]sf] ;f}xfb{ ;DaGwnfO{ tfsdf /fVg klg ;+sf]r g/fVg]x¿n] b]znfO{ 8'afpg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 .

nfp8fsf sf/0f xfd|f] cli6«of;"usf] ;'dw'/ ;DaGwdf cf"r cfpg] ;Gb]x pTkGg ePsf] 5 . nfp8f ljdfgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿n] pgLx¿sf] sDkgLnfO{ nfl~5t u/]/ n]lvPsf n]v, ;dfrf/ tyf cGo k|rf/af6 cfxt eO{ cfkm\gf] dgsf] tLtf] g]kfnL kIfdfly kf]Vg] u/]sf 5g\ . p8fg tyf ;Def/ sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/Lx¿ g]kfndf pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iff x'Gg eg]/ g]kfn aflx/ af; a:g] u5{g\ eGg] ;dfrf/ k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . o;/L cfkm\gf] hLpHofgsf] c;'/Iff dx;'; ug]{ cft+lst sd{rf/Laf6 p8fg slt ;'/lIft xf]nf < xjfO{ p8fg clt ;Dj]bgzLn ljifo xf] . o;} sf/0f p8fg sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ p8fgcl3 dfgl;s tyf cGo tgfj gxf];\ eg]/ /fd|f] Joj:yf ug]{ rng 5 . t/ cft+lst cj:yfdf dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls} xf]nf eGg cjZo klg ;ls"b}g . o; ljifodf p8fg ;'/Iff;"u ;DalGwt lgsfo r'k nfu]/ a:g' b'3{6gfnfO{ lgDtf lbg';/x xf] . nfp8f / zfg]jflgsf sd{rf/L aLrdf s6'tf 5 eg] o;df lglZrt ¿kdf uDeL/ x'g cfjZos 5 .

nfp8f ljdfg ef8f;DaGwL s/f/gfdf kqdf :ki6 ¿kdf …slG8;g k|]l;8]G6Ú eg]/ o; s/f/sf] j}wtfsf] k"j{zt{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 cfjZos cg'dlt, :jLs[lt tyf d~h'/Lgfdf @& lbgleq k|fKt x'g'kg]{ cGoyf of] s/f/ /2 x'g] egL k"j{zt{df ls6fg ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] k|wfgdGqLåf/f clVtof/nfO{ k7fPsf] hjfkmdf ;f] :jLs[lt dlGqkl/ifbaf6 k|fKt ePsf] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf l8;]Da/ ! tfl/vb]lv ;~rfng ePsf nfp8fsf ;Dk"0f{ p8fg u}/sfg'gL x'g hfG5g\ .

o; /x:of]b\3f6gkl5 o;af/] uDeL/ eO{ jf:tljstf ;fj{hlgs ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf nfp8fsf ;Dk"0f{ p8fg tTsfn aGb u/]/ o;sf] sfg'gL pkrf/ vf]Hg'lt/ nfUg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . zfg]jflgn] cfkm\gf] ;fv w/fzo x'g] lsl;dn] u}/sfg'gL p8fg s;sf] ;'emfjdf ;~rfng ul//fv]sf] xf]nf < cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf sfg'gsf] JofVof cfkm\gf] cg's"n ug{ ;lsPnf, t/ cGt/f{li6«o p8fgdf 3/]n' sfg'gn] arfpm ug{ ;Sb}g .

cfh pk/f]Qm ef8fsf] ljdfgn] zfg]jflgsf] gfddf ef/t, a+unfb]z, DofGdf, rLg, yfONof08, dn]l;of, l;+ufk'/, hfkfg cflb d'n'ssf] cfsfzdf p8fg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . oL d'n'sx¿n] cfkm\gf] xjfO{ If]qleq o:tf] u}/sfg'gL p8fg ePsf] yfxf kfP eg] lgZro klg zfg]jflg / /fi6«sf nflu 7"n} xflg x'g] b]lvG5 . o;sf] hjfkmb]xL ;/sf/ x'g] xf] cyjf sfg'gtM :jfoQ zfg]jflg < o:tf] uDeL/ ljifodf s;}n] rf;f] gb]vfPsf] b]Vbf uDeL/ clgi6sf] cfz+sf x'G5 . o:tf] ck"0f{ s/f/df p8]sf] ljdfgdf ;jf/ x'g] ;d:t ofq'x¿b]lv lnP/ p8fg sd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]t ladf;DaGwL lgodsf] b[li6af6 laldt x'g ;Sb}gg\ .

zfg]jflg :jfoQ ;+:yf xf] eg]/ ;a} kbf;Lg dxfg'efjx¿n] eGg] u/]sf 5g\ . oyfy{df zfg]jflg :jfoQ xf] eg] lsg o; ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf s]xL uDeL/ lg0f{o gcfPsf] < dflysf] cfb]zdf cfPsf] nfp8f af/]df lj/f]wL cfjfh af]Ng] cyjf sfo{qmd ug]{ ;d]tnfO{ wDsL lbg] lsg ul/G5 < k|hftflGqs zf;g Joj:yfdf lj/f]wnfO{ bdg ug]{ eg]/ st} pNn]v ePh:tf] nfUb}g . cfh nfp8f ;~rfng s;sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] 5 < zfg]jflg 3f6fdf rln/fv]sf] 5 . :jfoQ zfg]jflgn] s]xL ug{ g;ls/fv]sf] x'gfn] lsg dlGqkl/ifbn] lg0f{o u/]/ o;nfO{ kmsf{O{ k|folZrt gug]{ < /fi6« / /fli6«o Wjhfjfxs lgudsf] sNof0f o;}df x'g]5 .

-n]vs zfg]jflgsf jl/i7 SofK6]g x'g'x'G5 ._

Pshgf Jo+Uosf/sf] ;dflwn]v

efpkGyL

To; /flt ;'t]kl5 d}n] Pp6f ;kgf b]v]+ . ;kgfdf g]tfhL cfP . g]tfhL ;kgfdf cfP/ dnfO{ dGqL x'g] OR5f 5 ls eg]/ ;f]w]sf xf]Ogg\, t/ pgn] To;sf] ;§f ;f]w]– …d lsg Jo+Uo n]v]/ hLjg aaf{b ul//x]5' <Ú ;kgf k|hftflGqs hdfgfdf b]lv/x]sf] lyP" . ;kgf b]Vg] :jtGqtf t 5"b}5 ;fy} ;kgfdf cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf a9L x'g] klg u5{ . k|hftGqsf] ;kgf b]Vbf–b]Vbf aNntNn k|hftGq NofPsfx¿ cfkm"n] ;kgfdf b]v]sf k|hftflGqs ;'v;onsf] ef]u 3f]6fnf jf sf08 ub}{ sld;g / 3"; vfP/ ev{/ k"/f ug{ nflu/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf]df g]tfhL d]/f] ;kgfdf k|s6 eP/ dnfO{ ltdL dGqL x'g] OR5f /fV5f} ls eg]/ k|Zg u/]sf] eP x'g] lyof] . t/ pgn] dnfO{ Jo+Uo n]v]/ lsg hLjg aaf{b ul//x]5f} eg]/ kf] ;f]w] .

;kgfdf g]tfhL cfP . dnfO{ r]tfP/ uP– Jo+Uo n]v]/ hLjg aaf{b ug]{ uNtL gu/ . laxfg hfu]kl5 klg g]tfn] ;kgfdf eg]sf] ToxL s'/f] dgdf v]ln/x\of] . dgn] Tof] s'/f] r'gfjtfsf g]tfn] u/]sf efif0f em'§f] x'g] hfGbfhfGb} klg efif0fsf] nx}nx}df nfu]/ pg}nfO{ ef]6 xfNg hfg] nf6f dtbftfn] em}+ kTofpg–kTofpg vf]lh/x]sf] lyof] . t/ otf w]/} lbgb]lv s'g ljifodf Jo+Uo n]Vg] eg]/ Kn6sf] vf]hLdf nflu/x]sf] dleqsf] Jo+Uosf/ d]/f] cufl8 cf}+nf] 78fP/ pleg cfOlbof] . p;n] dnfO{ ;+;b rNg glbg] k|ltkIfn] em}+ eGof]– …va/bf/ † g]tfhLn] eg] eGb}df Jo+Uo n]Vg 5f]8\g' x'"b}g . pgn] eg]sf s'/fnfO{ g} Jo+Uodf 9fn]/ d n]Vg] ;f]Rb}5' . lbdfu n8fP/ ;f]r, g]tfn] eg]sf] To; s'/fnfO{ s;/L Jo+Uodf abNg ;lsG5 .Ú

Jo+Uosf/n] olt s] eGg' lyof], d]/f] xft lrnfpg nfUof] . xft lrnfpg'sf] cy{ 3':ofxfx¿sf nflu k};f] cfpg] ;+s]t eP klg d]/fnflu t snd ;dft]/ Jo+Uo n]Vg a:g' eGg] x'GYof] . d snd ;dft]/ n]Vg a:g t a;]" t/ Jo+Uo km'g{ dflg/x]sf] lyPg . 6fpsf]df g]tfn] eg]sf] Jo+Uo n]v]/ s] x'G5 eGg] jfSo ;8s afns ag]/ kmGkmgL 3'ld/x\of] . d}n] Jo+Uo n]Vg nfu]sf] ;]tf] sfuhsf] tfpdf g]tfhLsf] kf]6«]6 b]vfk¥of] . g]tfhL xf"l;/x]sf lyP / eGb} lyP– …lxhf] /flt Toltljlw hgtfnfO{ r'gfjL bf}8fxfdf lhNnf–lhNnf wfP/ efif0f bGsfPem}+ ltdLnfO{ Jo+Uo gn]v eGbf klg ltdL /fhLgfdf glbP;Dd xfp; rNg glbg] k|ltkIfn] gdfg]h:t} d]/f s'/f dfg]gf} xf]Og < x]/, Jo+Uo n]Vg] sfd 5f]8]/ ltdL d]/f] kf6L{df egf{ xf]pm . d ltdLnfO{ kf6L{sf] k|rf/ ;flxTo n]Vgdf nufOlbG5' . s]xL geP d]/f] hLjgL g} n]v . To;n] ltdLnfO{ klg / dnfO{ klg kmfObf x'g]5 . d]/f hLjgdf eP–gePsf / d}n] u/]–gu/]sf s'/f P]ltxfl;s tYo agfP/ n]Vg] Pshgf s'zn n]vs dnfO{ rflxPsf] 5 . Tof] klg xf]Og eg] h];'s} u/, t/ Jo+Uo gn]v . n, olteGbf klg dfGb}gf} eg] cfkm\g} cyf{t\ Jo+Uosf/sf] ;dflwn]v n]v .Ú

snd ;dft]/ sfuh x]b}{ d Psf]xf]/f] 3f]l/O/x]sf] b]v]/ cQflnPsL >LdtLn] …x}g of] ef]sfn] l/Qf] eftsf] ef"8f] x]/]em}+ s] x]/]/ emf]qmfO/fVof eGof x" <Ú eg]/ glhs} cfP/ ;f]w]kl5 kf] d t em:s]" . …xf]Og s]–s] n]v'" eGg] eO/fVof x'gfn] xf] . s:tf] t;f{Psf] xf]nf < Psflt/ g]tfx¿n] k|hftGq hfg} nfUof] eg]/ t;f{pg] u¥ofu¥o} 5g\, csf]{lt/ ltdLn] o;/L ljrf/df 8'la/fv]sfnfO{ glhs} cfP/ em:sfpg x'G5 eGof <Ú

t/ g]tfhLn] sf]/f sfuhdf cfkm\gf] pHHjn 5lj b]vfP/ dnfO{ eg]/ uO;s]sf lyP– cfkm\g} ;dflwn]v n]v eg]/ . g]tfhLn] ;dflwn]v n]v eg]/ uP klg ;dflw t hf]uL–;+Gof;Ln] dfq lng] s'/f] xf] . d}n] u[x:yL eP/ hLjg latfPsfn] ;dflw s;/L lng] xf] eGg] ;"q kfO/x]sf] lyOg" . u[x:yLsf nflu ;dflw eGg] zAb g} s;/L sfof{Gjog x'g] xf] Tof] g} c;dfwflgt eOuPkl5 ;dflwn]v n]Vg] ;jfn} ePg . p;dfly d wd{n] lxGb" . d]/f] clGtd ;+:sf/ t hldgdf uf8]/ xf]Og sf7–bfp/fn] lrg]sf] lrtfdf kf]n]/ v/fgL t'NofP/ x'g] xf] . p;dfly d afx'g klg . dnfO{ e'O"d'lg uf8]/ ;dflw:y u/fpg] g} xf]Og . t/ d}n] afx'gx¿nfO{ ;a} zf]if0fsf] h/f] dfGg] km]zg rn]sf] a]nfdf d}n] afx'g eP/ klg hghfltx¿dWo] s]xLn] em}+ d/]kl5 e"ldut eOlbP/ afx'gx¿dfly nfUb} cfPsf] kmf];|f] sn+snfO{ w'g] qmflGt ug{ ;Sy]" .

cr]n wd{ kl/jt{gsf] nx/ rn]sf] 5 . wd{ kl/jt{g u/]/ d/]kl5 e"ldut x'g klg ;lsG5 . t/ cfkm\g} wd{sf] 1fg u/]/ To;nfO{ ;'wf/ ;kf/ ug'{sf] abnf c¿x¿sf] wd{sf] k|nf]egdf nfu]/ wd{s} bf; x'g k'Ug' s]sf nflu < To;/L e"ldd'lg ;dflw:y ul/g] wfld{s kl/jt{gdf nfUg klg oxf" d]/f] Jo+Uor]tn] 5]ls/x]sf] lyof] . g]tfhLn] eg]sf] cfkm\g} Jo+Uosf/sf] ;dflwn]v n]v eGg] s'/fn] dnfO{ 3f]Rb} lyof] . d lg¿kfo eP/ g]tfhLnfO{ ;Dem"b} km]l/ pxL ;]tf] / l/Qf] sfuhlt/ x]g{ nfu]" . pb'{df egfO 5– z}tfgnfO{ ;Demg'dfq k5{, ;Demgf;fy pm xflh/ eOxfN5 . To:t} eof] . g]tfhLsf] kf]6«]6 k'gM sfuhdf b]vfk¥of] .

…s] xf] <Ú g]tfhLn] ¿i6 eP/ ;f]w], …;+;b rln/fVof 5}g, ltdL eg] dnfO{ ;Dem]sf]–;Dem\o} 5f} . d]/f] lgjf{rg If]qsf hgtf jf" cfunfuLn] kLl8t eP/ cnkq k/]sf 5g\ / t d hfg EofPsf] 5}g . n' eg\ s] xf] ltd|f] ;d:of <Ú

…d s;/L ;dflw:y x'g ;S5' < d t u[x:yL dfG5] . tkfO{" eGg'x'G5– …cfkm\g} Jo+Uosf/sf] ;dflwn]v tof/ u/ eg]/ . g]tfx¿sf] ;dflwn]v tof/ ug{ t ;lhnf] 5, t/ Jo+Uosf/x¿sf]=== .Ú

…jfx, ltd|f] s'/f † g]tfx¿sf] ;dflwn]v n]Vg ;lhnf] 5 c/] < ;'gfpm t dnfO{ Ps–b'O{ g]tfsf] ;dflwn]v . clg d klg ltdLnfO{ ;dflw:y x'g] tl/sf l;sfOlbp"nf .Ú

…x]gf]{;\ g]tfhL, tkfO{+ gl/;fpg'xf]nf, Pp6f ;dflwn]v t s:tf] x'g ;S5 eg]– oxf" hLjgel/ 3f]6fnf / sf08 u/]sf] k|hftflGqs of]4f ;'t]sf] 5 eGg] ;dflwn]v x'g ;S5 / csf]{ oxf" b'O{ cg'xf/ ePsf] g]tf ndtGg k/]sf] 5, h;sf] Pp6f cg'xf/ qmflGtsf/L lyof] eg] csf]{ s'';L{df l6Sgsf nflu b]z} aGws /fVYof] / t];|f]===Ú

…ef], ef] ca c¿ geg . g]tfx¿ o; b]zsf Jo+Uokfq dfq eP/ /lxuPsf 5g\ . ;'g\, ltdL Jo+Uodfq ;f]R5f}, To;}n] g]tf eg]kl5 p;} klg Jo+Uodo b]V5f} . ltd|f] dgdf klg t cfkm\gf] ;dflwn]v s:tf] x'g ;S5 eGg] cfp"bf] xf], xf]Og < t/ klxn] ltdL s;/L ;dflw:y ul/g] hftsf] x'g ;lsG5 eGg] af6f] vf]lh/x]sf 5f} . o;sf] ;lhnf] pkfo t ltdL s'g} hf]uL jf ;+Gof;LnfO{ u'¿ yfk]/ p;af6 dGq ;'g . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] dGq ;'Gg t ltdLn] dfg]gf} . hf]uL–;+Gof;Lsf] dGq ;'g]kl5 ltdL ;dflw:y x'g] y/sf eOhfG5f} . nf} hfpm=== .Ú olt eg]/ pgL km]l/ cGtWof{g eOuP .

g]tfhLn] ;dflw:y x'g] af6f] t b]vfOlbP . Tof] t ;f; hfg nfUg] a]nfdf s'g} ;+Gof;L hf]uLnfO{ 8fs]/ sfgdf p;nfO{ dGq km'Sg nufP klg eOxfNnf . t/ ;dflw:y ePkl5 ;dflwdf n]lvg] n]v s:tf] x'g ;S5 < Tof] klg Pp6f Jo+Uo n]vssf] < Pp6f efn'sf] sDkf/f] aNntNn 5f]8]kl5 csf]{ efn'sf] sDkf/f] ;dfTg k'u]h:tf] eOof] . h] eP klg ;dflw:y tof/ ug'{kg]{ r'gf}tL g]tfx¿sf cufl8 csf{n] eGbf sd ;dodf a9L 3";–sld;g vfP/ sdfP/ b]vfpg'kg]{ r'gf}tL ag]/ v8f lyof] .

…oxf" Pshgf Jo+Uosf/ hf] hLjgel/ c¿sf] bf]if b]vfpg] / To;}sf] lv;L–luNnf ug]{ sfd ubf{ub}{ hLjgdf slxNo} psfnf] nfUg ;s]g, pxL e"ldut eP/ ;'t]sf] 5Ú eGg] ;dflwn]vsf] jfSo sf]l/x]/]" . To; jfSonfO{ d]/f] ;dflwn]vsf nflu /fd|f / s'"lbPsf cIf/df n]v]/ d]/f] lrxfgsf] l;/fgkl§ 78\ofP/ /fVbf s:tf] b]lvPnf eGg] ;f]rdf d 8'Ag nfu]sf] 5' . t/ of] ;dflwn]veGbf csf]{ /fd|f] ;dflwn]v s] x'g ;S5 eGg] ;ts{tfn] dnfO{ Tof] dflysf] jfSodf s] yk36 ug{ ;lsG5, To;lt/ ljrf/ ug{ ;r]i6 kf/]sf] klg 5 . d To; jfSodf s] yk36 u¿" eGg] cGof}ndf km;]sf]–km:o} eP" . otfsf] Pp6f zAb lems]/ ptf csf]{ zAb /fV5', ptfsf] Pp6f zAb lems]/ otf csf]{ zAb /fV5', t/ slQ ubf{ klg d"n cy{ ToxL x'G5 . d x}/fg lyP"– s] Jo+Uosf/sf] ;dflwn]v olQ / o:t}dfq x'g ;S5 / eg]/ †

nfp8f sf08df k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lSng lr6 xf]Og ;hfo lbPsf] xf]

e/t hd

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] efu !@ df clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ lkpgb]lv k|wfgdGqL;Ddn] cfk"mn] kfPsf] clwsf/sf] b'¿kof]u u/L s'g} cg'lrt sfd u/]sf] jf e|i6frf/ u/]sf] cg';Gwfgaf6 7x/ x'g cfPdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (* / cfof]u P]g @)$* cg';f/ bf]ifL 7x/ ug{;Sg] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (* df clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] JofVof ub}{ pkwf/f ! df cg'lrt sfd eP u/]sf]df sf/afxL ug]{ pNn]v ePsf] 5 eg] pkwf/f @ df e|i6frf/ dflgg] s'g} sfd eP u/]sf] b]lvPdf d'2f bfo/ ug{;Sg] k|jwfg 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (* sf] pkwf/f ! / @ cGtu{t sf/afxL x'"bf sf/afxLsf] k|s[lt km/s b]lvP klg b'j} pkwf/fsf] sf/afxL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u ePs} 7x/kl5dfq nfu" x'G5 . cyf{t\ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ s'g} klg JolStn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] xf];\ jf e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] xf];\, b'j} sfo{ /fHolj?4sf] ck/fw xf] . cem :ki6 zAbdf eGg'kbf{ clVtof/sf] cf8df cg'lrt sfo{ jf e|i6frf/ ePdf cfof]usf] If]qflwsf/ cfslif{t x'G5 . cfof]un] To:tf ck/fwLnfO{ ;hfo tf]S5 jf ;hfo lbg sfg'gL Joj:yf ldnfp"5 .

ax'rlr{t nfp8f Po/ sf08df cfof]un] oxL @)%* h]7 !) ut] cg';Gwfg k"/f u/L nfp8f k|s/0fnfO{ h]7 !@ ut] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . k|]; lj1lKt :ki6 a'lemg] efiffdf eP klg ;QfkIfn] a'e]m/ jf a'emkrfP/ To;sf] cs}{ cy{ nufP/ ;/sf/L dfWodåf/f k|rf/k|;f/ ;'? ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ cfof]un] e|i6frf/df d'5]g eg]/ uj{sf ;fy eGg / egfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . tL k|rf/ssf] efiffdf— clVtof/af6 lul/hfafa'n] lSng lr6 kfpg'eof]— t/ d eG5' o; sf08df pxf"n] eGbf 7"nf] ;hfo s;}n] klg kfPg . clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] h'g cf/f]k lul/hfafa'nfO{ nfu]sf] 5 Tof] sfnf] n]k s'g} sfg'gL lgsfo / s'g} JolStn] k'5]/ bfu/lxt agfpg ;Sb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (* sf] pkwf/f @ cg';f/sf] s;'/sf lj?4 cbfnt uO{ ;kmfO lng ;lsG5 eg] pkwf/f ! cGtu{tsf] æ;r]t u/fpg;Sg]Æ sf/afxLdf s'g} cbfnt uO{ ;Rofpg] jf bfu d]6\g ;ls+b}g . To;}n] cfof]uaf6 pxfFn] ælSngÆ jf æ86L{Æ s'g lsl;dsf] lr6 kfpg'eof], Tof] pxfFsf cfkmGt]n] a'e"mg\ .

cfof]un] @)%*.!.!( df k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ Ps aGb;jfnsf] kq k7fPsf] lyof] / k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] klg t'?Gt} @)%*.!.@) df cfof]udf hjfkm k7fpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cfof]unfO{ k7fPsf] hjfkmdf pNn]v ePsf] dlGqkl/ifbsf] gLltut lg0f{osf] c8fgnfO{ cfof]usf] h]7 !) sf] lg0f{on] r'gf}tL lb+b} gLltut s'/fsf] ;+If]kdf JofVof u/L ;Demfpg] sf]l;; u/]sf] 5 . uf]kgLotfsf af/]df klg cfof]un] :ki6 kfb}{ eg]sf] 5– clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u;DaGwL 5fglagsf] qmddf cfof]u P]g @)$* sf] bkmf !( -(_ n] uf]kgLotfsf] 5'6 glbPsf] s'/f klg ;DemfPsf] 5 . lg0f{odf of] klg elgPsf] 5— æo;/L k|:tfj k]; x'Fbf rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 Po/nfOG; ljdfgsf nflu rflxg] ljb]zL ljlgdosf] nflu klg k]; ePsf] b]lvG5 . rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 Po/nfOG;sf] ;DaGwdf dlGqkl/ifbaf6 l;kmfl/; ug{ gkg]{ egL lg0f{o ePsf] t/ nfp8f Po/;"u ePsf] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd lbg'kg]{ ljb]zL ljlgdosf] l;kmfl/;sf] lg0f{o ePsf] eg] kfOG5 . o:tf] bf]xf]/f] dfkb08 s]sf nflu cfjZos eof] egL ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLaf6 k|:6 hjfkm cfPsf] kfO"b}g .Æ o;/L k"0f{ nf~5gf nufpFb} cfof]usf] lg0f{osf] cGtdf elgPsf] 5— æo; k|sf/sf sf/afxLk|lt ;r]t /xg ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLnfO{ n]vL k7fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5Æ— of] sf/afxL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (* -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L u/]sf] xf] eg] ;f]xL wf/fsf] pkwf/f @ cg';f/ c¿ cleo'Qmx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] 5 .

oxL k|s/0fnfO{ lnP/ k|d'v k|ltkIfL ;d]t ^ jfd ;d"xn] Ps dlxgfcl3 b]lv h]7 !$, !% / !^ ut] g]kfn aGb x'g] ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf lyP . cfof]usf] sf/afxL ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/L bf]ifL 7xl/Psf k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] h]7 !@ ut] /fhLgfdf u/L lbPsf] eP of] lxhf], cfh / ef]ln ;d]tsf] aGbsf] kL8f cfd gful/s / d'n'sn] vKg kb}{gYof] . t/, sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/;"usf] k/fdz{kl5 k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] /fhLgfdf glbg] c8fg lng'ePsf] ;dfrf/ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . of] pxf"sf] lg0f{o g]kfnLsf nflu gUgtfsf] pkxf/ xf] eg] lgn{Hhtfsf] k/fsfi7f xf] .

zfxL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] nfp8f hxfh ef8fdf ln+bf e|i6frf/ eP u/]sf] af/]df clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] nfdf] ;do;Dd cg';Gwfg u/L ut h]7 !@ ut] tTsfnLg ljefuLo dGqL tfl/0fLbQ r6f}t / cWoIf xl/eQm >]i7;d]t b; hjfgnfO{ cleo'Qm agfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u¥of] . cleo'Qm sfod x'g'kg]{ cfO{=;L=6L=;L=sf lbg]z >]i7nfO{ eg] xfn 5'6 lbO{ nfp8f Po/ O6fnLsf PGb| df]lng]/L / cli6«ofsf c6d/ n]GhnfO{ bf]ifL 7x/ ul/Psf] 5 . sl/a #( s/f]8 lgudsf] gf]S;fgL ePsf] / cleo'Qmx¿n] JolStut kmfObf k'¥ØfPsf] bfdf;fxLn] e/fpg'kg]{ dfubfjLsf ;fy cleof]u nfu]sf dWo] ^ hjfgnfO{ kqmfp u/L cleof]ukqsf ;fy d'2f k'k{Ifsf] nflu cbfntdf a'emfOPsf] lyof] . xl/eQm >]i7 / tLy{nfn >]i7 klxn]b]lv g} k|x/L lx/f;tdf lyP eg] af"sL l;4/fh hf]zL, uf}/Lgfy zdf{, pk]Gb|k|;fb pkfWofo / k'is/k|;fb jfUn]nfO{ ;f]xL lbgdfq sAhfdf lnOPsf] xf] . cleo'QmdWo] tfl/0fLbQ r6f}t / /fd/fh pkfWofo eg] km/f/ /x]sfn] cfof]un] cbfntdf cleof]ukqsf ;fy a'emfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

cfh k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gdf d'Vo cleo'Qm xl/eQm >]i7 nufot rf/ hjfg cleo'Qmx¿sf] aofg x'Fb}5 . h]i7 !@ ut] cleo'QmdWo] tLy{nfn >]i7 / l;4/fh hf]zLn] cbfnt;dIf aofg lbO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . aofg g;lsPsf] x'"bf cleo'Qmx¿nfO{ k|x/L lx/f;td /flvPsf] 5 . ;fdGotM aofg ;lsPkl5 cbfntaf6 cleof]usf] k|s[lt x]/L w/f}6L dflug] 5 / d'2fsf] k'k{If ;'? x'g]5 . cleof]ukqdf ljb]zL klg cleo'Qmx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf x'"bf lghx¿nfO{ Dofb tfd]n x'g ufx|f] x'g] / Dofb tfd]n g} eP klg cbfntdf cg'kl:yt x'g] k|rngn] ubf{ of] s]jn b]vfj6Ldfq ePsf] 5 . olb cfof]u ;f"Rr} g} ltgLx¿nfO{ e|i6frf/sf] cleof]u nufpg rfxG5 eg] a]nfotl:yt cbfntdf la|l6; sfg'gcGtu{t d'2f bfo/ ug{ / u/fpg] Joj:yf ug{;S5 h'g s'/f @& ;]K6]Da/ @))) df zfg]jflg / nfp8f Po/ aLr ;DkGg ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf @! Dff :ki6 pNn]v ePsf] 5 .

cfof]un] h]7 !) ut] u/]sf] lg0f{odf cfo'Qm dfwjbQ e§n] :ki6 n]Vg'ePsf] 5— ætfl/0fLbQ r6f}t / d]/f aLrdf gftf;DaGw kg]{ ePsfn] lghsf] xsdf ePsf] cfof]usf] lg0f{odf d}n] s'g} cleJolSt lbg gx'g] x'"bf c¿ ljifodf d]/f] ;xdlt k|s6 u/]sf] 5'Æ— o;/L gftf kg]{ JolSt cleo'Qm x'g] s];df pxf"sf] ;+nUgtf g/xg'kg]{ lyof] .

zfg]jflgnfO{ gf]S;fgL lbg / JolStut kmfObf k'¥Øfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy /lrPsf] of] nfp8f Po/ sf08sf] hxfh;DaGwL k"j{ Oltx;nfO{ lgofnf+} . xªsªl:yt cNdx'6 lnld6]8n] xªsª ;f+3fO{ a}+s / O{=cf/=P;= a}+s;Fu C0f lnO{ k];;]6/ lnlhª lnld6]8 kf6\g/l;k gfds sDkgL dfkm{t\ !(*& df ag]sf] k'/fgf] l;l/Pn g+= @#&^% sf] hxfh dfn;fdfg cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu !(*( dfr{df cli6«ofl:yt ænfp8f Po/ n'k\mtkmf6{ PlS6ª;]N;rk\m6Æ ef8fdf lbPsf] /x]5 . ;f] hxfh k|lt306f sl/a o'P;8L @%)) ef8fdf p8]sf] / p8\g] u/]sf] a]xf]/f g]kfnsf sld;gvf]/sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPkl5 !) jif{eGbf k'/fgf] hxfh ef8fdf glng] gLltut lg0f{onfO{ kG5fO{ pQm hxfh lng] of]hgfsf ;fy ;~rfns tLy{nfn >]i7n] !# jif{ k'/fgf] hxfh klg lng ldNg] Pp6f gofF l/kf]6{ tof/ u/L lgudsf] af]8{df kf; u/fP . !(*& df ag]sf] pSt hxfh g} Nofpg] k"j{ of]hgf lyof] eGg] s'/f o;af6 k|dfl0ft x'G5 . kl5 l;N8 ckm/ dfUg] / cfO{=;L=6L=;L=n] ckm/ ug]{ sfd t s]jn b]vfj6Ldfq lyof] . /, nfp8f Po/ P;=kL=P= ;"usf] @& ;]K6]Da/ @))) sf] ;Demf}tf klg g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ e'mSofpg] Pp6f if8\oGq dfq lyof] . pSt ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;alnhdf hxfh Nofpg] a]xf]/f pNn]v gePh:t} cGo bf]Aa/ /sdsf] bf]xgsf] a]xf]/f klg u'kr'k /x]sf] lyof] / cem;Dd klg w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f v'n]sf 5}gg\ .

o; kl/k|]Iodf nfp8f Po/ sf08df lbg]z >]i7sf] k"0f{ ;+nUgtfnfO{ s;}n] klg gsfg{ ;Sb}g . ToxL c8fgdf k|d'v cfo'Qm ;"o{gfy zdf{ / s[i0ffaNne sfk\mn] b]lvg'ePsf] 5 eg] af"sL cfo'Qmx¿ lbg]z >]i7sf] Jofkfl/s k|lti7fdf cf"r gcfcf];\ eg]/ bofefj k|bz{g ug{ k'Ug'ePsf] 5 . To;} sf/0fn] xfn nfp8f Po/sf] :yfgLo Ph]G6 -k|ltlglw_ of] cleof]uaf6 d'Qm b]lvg'ePsf] 5 . t/, gful/s ;dfhsf] sf/afxL ;'? x'g af"sL g} 5 . To;}n] of] nfp8f Po/ sf08sf k|d'v cleo'Qmx¿ hg;dIf cfpg af"sL g} 5g\ eGg] hfgsf/ ;"qsf] egfO 5 .

/fli6«o Pstfsf nflu eflifs / wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf

lj=gGb j}B

g]kfn /fi6«sf] cfjfbL ljleGg y/Lsf hfthfltn] ag]sf] 5 . oxf" ljleGg hfthfltx¿ cf–cfkm\g} dft[efiff af]Ng] ub{5g\ . s]xL hfltn] xfn rn]sf] g]kfnL efiff cfkm\gf] dft[efiffsf] ¿kdf af]Nb5g\ . /fi6«efiffsf ¿kdf g]kfnL efiff af]Ng] hfltx¿ a|FDx0f, If]qL, ljZjsdf{ cflb 5g\ eg] csf{] hfthflt h:t} z]kf{, u'?ª, tdfª cflbsf cf–cfkm\g} dft[efiff 5g\ . g]kfnL efiffnFO{ klxn] klxn] uf]vf{nL efiff eGg] rng lyof] . sfnfGt/df o;nfO{ pkTosfleq kj{t] efiff eGg] rng cfof] . of] s;/L cfof] s;af6 k|rngdf NofOof] o;sf] ljifo 5'§} 5 t/ xfn o;nfO{ /fi6«efiffsf] ¿kdf g]kfnL efiff eGg] rng eof] . cem} klg o;nfO{ kj{t] efiff eGg] k|rng pkTosfdf 5"b}5 . h;sf] k|efjn] g]kfnL hghLjgdf g/fd|F] lsl;dn] e"ldsf v]n]sf] kfOG5 . of] ;f]rgLo s'/f ePsf] 5 . o; ljifodf oxf" s]xL 5f]6s/Ldf ljZn]if0f ug{ cfjZos 7fg]sf] 5' . kj{t] efiff eGg]lalQs} kj{tdf a;f]af; ug{] hfltn] dfq} af]Ng] efiff eGg] wf/0ffsf] cfef; x'G5 . lxdfnL k|b]zdf z]kf{, ef]6], tdfËx¿, dxfef/t k|b]zsf kj{t >[+vnf a];L+x¿df u'?Ë, ls/f"t / g]jf/x¿ k|z:q 5g\ . oL hfltx¿sf dft[efiff xfnsf] g]kfnL efiff geO{ cnu cnu cf–cfkm\g} 5g\ . ca kj{t] efiff cyf{t\ xfnsf] g]kfnL efiff dft[ efiffsf] ¿kdf af]ng] hfltx¿nfO{ dfq kj{t] eGg] xf] ls < oxf" km]l/ pkTosfleq g]jf/ / kj{t] eGg] rng 5 .

kj{tdfnfdf a;f]af; ug{] hflt kj{t] xf] ls < a];L t/fO{df a:g] ;a} g]jf/ xf] ls < o;f] eg"" eg] dxfef/t k|b]zsf a]+;Ldf a:g] u'?ª, ls/f"tx¿nfO{ g]jf/ eGg' kg{] eof] . t/, pgLx¿nfO{ g]jf/ eGg] rng 5}g . g]jf/nfO{ kj{t] egL hxf" rf/ j0f{ 5QL; hftsf] 7fp"df b'O{ hfltsf] ;Lldt ljefhgsf] wf/0ff lng' of] xfd|F] ;f]x|}cfgf unt wf/0ff xf] . o:tf] wf/0ff xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}+ eg] o:tf] unt wf/0ffnfO{ 5f8L g]jf/ / kj{t] b'O{ hflt dfq gegL g]jf/, u'?ª, tdfª, a|Dx0f, If]qL cflb hfltsf cnu cnu cl:tTj ;lDemO{ ;xL ¿kdf o;sf] wf/0ff xfdLaf6 k|of]u x'g'k5{ . g]jf/ / kj{t] egL cfwf/xLg, cy{xLg wf/0ffx¿ xfdLdWo] clxn] klg w]/}n] k|of]u ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o:tf] e"n ca gbf]xf]l/of];\ .

xfn;fn} dfq ;u/dfyf r'r'/f] k'Ug g]jf/ hfltsf /fds[i0f >]i7 ;kmn eP . pgL sf] x'g\ < g]kfnL cjZo x'g\, ;fDk|bflos efjgfn] eGg] xf] eg] g]jf/L hfltsf jL/ k'?if . To:t} z]kf{ hfltsf afa'l5l/ z]kf{n] clS;hgljgf / sd ;dodf ;u/dfyf r9L gof" sLlt{dfg /fv] . kl5 ;f]xL ;u/dfyfdf g} jL/ ult kfP . o:tf lxdk'?if sf] lyP < g]kfnL cjZo x'g\, oxf" klg ;fDk|bflos efjgfn] eGg] xf] eg] z]kf{ hfltsf jL/ k'?if . pgL a|x\d0f hfltsf xf]Ogg\, If]qL hfltsf klg xf]Ogg\ . pgnfO{ xfdLn] ca kj{t] hflt egL e"n ug{' ePg . xfd|f] ;+:s[lt / efiff eGg] hfltleqs} x'gfn] logLx¿ hfltsf] kl/l:ylt / cj:yf cg';f/ ;'wf/ eO{ kl/jt{g x'"b} hfg] s'/f xf] . o;sf] cy{ xfd|f] nflu cfk\mgf] dft[efiffsf] pGglt / eflifs clwsf/ rflx+b}g eGg] egfO xf]Og . /fHoaf6 k|hftflGqs kl/kf6Lcg';f/ eflifs clwsf/ kfpg'kb{5 . cfk\mgf] efiff / hfltsf] cl:tTj sfod /fVg' / o;sf] pGglt ug'{ k|To]s hfltsf] wd{ x'g cfp"5 . oxL kl/j]zdf t'ngfTds b[li6n] x]bf{ g]jf/L cyf{t\ g]kfn efiffdf eflifs l;4fGt to eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ljZjljBFnodf klg o;sf] k9fO k|F/De ul/Psf] s'/f t ;j{ljlbt} 5 . oxf" Pp6f s'/f eg] pNn]v gu/L a:g ;lsGg . Tof] s'/f s] xf] eg] x/]s hfthfltsf] cf–cfkm\gf] k|rlnt dft[efiff cfk\mgf] 7fp"df 5"b}5 . s;}n] klg c¿ s;}sf] dft[efiffnfO{ lj/f]w u/]sf] gb]lvgfn] cfk;L ;Dk|bfo aLrsf] s'g} o'4 x'g] s'/f slQ klg g/x]sf] jt{dfg l:yltn] cg]stfdf Pstfsf] nx/ ljns'n} Rofk]sf] b]lvG5 . of] cToGt} uf}/jsf] s'/f xf] .

ca a'em\g'kg{] s'/f s] 5 eg] eflifs l;4fGt alg;s]sf] g]jf/L efiffsf] l:ylt sfod ePsf] cj:yfdf g]jf/x¿n] cfkm\gf efiffnFO{ dof{lbt u/fpg vf]Hg'nfO{ cGoyf cy{ nufP/ ;Dk|bfo o'4sf] cfz+sf b]vfpg] ljåfg\x¿k|lt d lj/f]w gu/L a:g ;lSbg . eflifs l;4fGt eO;s]sf] Pp6f efiffnfO{ lnP/ ljrf/ ubf{ c¿ b]z, h:tf]M ef/taf6 k|FKt pbfx/0f glh/sf] ¿kdf 5n{lËPsf] / k|hftflGqs b]zdf k|hftflGqs kl/kfl6cg';f/ pQm hfoh dfunfO{ klg hgtfs} ;/sf/af6 ;sf/fTds b[li6n] gx]l/g' k|To]s hfthfltsf] nflu b'Mvsf] dfq s'/f xf]Og, cGofo klg 7x5{ . o;/L hgtfaf6 hgtfsf] nflu r'lgP/ uPsf k|ltlglwx¿af6 k|hftflGqs kl/kf6Lsf] of] cleef/f lgefpg ;Ifd x'g g;s]sf]df o:tf] ;f]rgLo cj:yf l;h{gf x'g uPsf] xf] .

ca /fi6«efiffsf] ;Gbe{df s'/f p7fp"bf of] ;a}n] dx;'; u/]sf] s'/f xf] ls Ps hfltn] csf{] hfltaLrdf s'/f ug{sf nflu klg Pp6f ;femf efiffsf] lgtfGt cfjZos x'G5 . cyf{t\ /fi6«efiffsf] cfjZostfdf b'O{ dt x'g ;Sb}g . ;f]xLcg'¿k of] b]jgfu/L lnlksf] lxGbL efiffsf] w]/} c+z ldnLh'nL g]kfnL efiffn] :yfg kfPsf] 5 . h'g hfltsf] of] efiff dft[efiff xf]Og . ltgLx¿n] of] efiffnfO{ bf];|f] efiffsf] ¿kdf ckgfpg'kg{] x'G5 . o;}n] Pp6f ;femf efiffn] ljleGg hft hfltnfO{ Pp6} g]kfnL eGg] /fli6«o efjgfnfO{ hufPsf] x'G5 . cg]stfdf Pstfsf] ;"qn] af"w]sf] x'G5 . ca pQm /fi6«efiff s'g} hfltsf] geO{ l;Ëf] /fi6«sf] efiff alg;s]sf] x'gfn] s'g} hflt jf ;Dk|bfon] d]/f] eGg ;'xfp"b}g lsgls of] hfltaf6 /fi6«sf] gfddf k|bfg eO;s]sf] 5 . cyf{t\ of] efiff g} /fli6«os/0f eO;s]sf] 5 .

csf{] s'/f b]zsf] ;femf efiffsf] cyf{t\ /fi6«efiffsf] 1fg gx'g' o;af6 w]/} lsl;dsf ;d:of cfpg] s'/f ljrf/0fLo 5 . /fi6«sf] k|To]s ;/sf/L lqmofsnfksf nflu oxL efiff clgjfo{ ePsf] sf/0f ;/sf/L sfo{IF]qsf] lqmofsnfksf nflu xfdLdf o;sf] k"0f{tof 1fg ePg eg] o;}sf] sf/0fn] klg pQm IF]qdf xfdL s]xL k5fl8 kg{ ;S5f}+ . o;/L Pp6f /fi6«efiffn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 .

cg]stfdf Pstf eGg] s'/fsf] l;nl;nfdf xfd|F] g]kfnL e]ife"iffdf klg xfnsf] klx/g xfd|f] /fli6«o kf];fs, h;df efbufp"n] sfnf] 6f]kL, bf}/f;'?jfn 5g\ . oL klx/g klxn] h'g hfltsf] eP klg ca ;f]xL hfltsf] dfq geO{ g]kfnLdfqsf] /fli6«o kf];fs eO;s]sf] 5 . To:t} eQmk'/sf g]jf/ dNn /fhfsf kfnfsf ;Dkbfx¿ h:t}– Goftkf]n b]jn, krkGg em\ofn] b/af/ cflb ;Dkbfx¿ ca /fi6«sf] ;Dkbf, g]kfnLdfqsf] ;Dkbf, cem} ljZj;Dkbf g} eO;s]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf afl;Gbfx¿df lzjdfuL{ / af}4dfuL{x¿ k|FoM b'j} dfuL{sf b]jtfx¿df plQs} >4f /fV5g\ . vf;u/L g]jf/ ;Dk|bfodf t lzjdfuL{x¿ :joDe" eujfgnfO{ / af}4 dfuL{x¿ kz'kltgfysf] plQs} >4f /fV5g\ . o;/L xfd|f] hfthfltdf xfd|F] wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] sf/0f ;f]xL Pstfdf cfa4 x'g kfO/xsf 5f}+ . o;/L /fli6«o Pstfdf plgO{ cfk;df ldnLh'nL xfdL g]kfnL xf}+ eGg] efjgfTds efjgfaf6 k|]l/t ePsf 5f}+ . cem} o;tkm{ xfdLn] o;sf] dxŒj /fd|/L a'emL cg]stfaf6 Pstflt/ lg/Gt/ cu|;/ eO/xg ;Sg'kb{5 .

;Gbe{ M ;Gof; k/Dk/fcg';f/ x'g] iff]8ifLsf] cj;/df
a|x\dnLg ljt/fuL dfO{ xh'/

8f= gd|tf pkfWofo

@)%* ;fn j}zfv #) ut]sf lbg …dfO{ xh'/Ú >L !))* dftf nIdL lu/L a|x\dnLg x'g'eof] . pxf"sf] ;dflwsf ;fy} gf} bzseGbf nfdf] Ps sfnv08 Oltxf;sf] ue{df ;dflji6 eof] . >4fn'dfem ca t]lhnf] d'xf/ / k|efjzfnL JolQmTjsL dftf nIdL lu/Lsf] ef}lts z/L/ g/x] tfklg pxf"sf] lzIff, cfbz{ / k|]/0ff ;b}j hLjGt /xg]5g\ . :g]xL / ul/dfdo …dfO{ xh'/Ú sf] ;Daf]wg g} pxf"k|lt ;a}sf] >4fsf] cleJolQm lyof] .

lj=;+= !(^% ;fnsf] gjb'uf{sf] k~rdL ltlysf lbg kfsf] Go'/f]8df ;De|FGt hldGbf/ a|x\d0f kl/jf/df pxf"sf] hGd eof] . kl/jf/dfly cfOk/]sf] ;Í6 pxf"sf] hGdsf ;fy} lgjf/0f ePsf]n] lktf dfgsf]6 lgjf;L ;'Aaf /dfgfy 1jfnL tyf dftf b'uf{b]jLsf nflu pxf"sf] hGd dftf nIdLs} j/bfg l;4 eof] . pd]/sf ;fy} aflnsfsf] ljnIf0ftf klg k|l:6+b} uof] . pxf"sf] hGd tyf afNosfn;DaGwL cg]sf}+ /f]rs k|;Ë hgdfg;df 5 . afn;'ne r~rntfeGbf klg tLI0f k|ltef, ufDeLo{ / ljnIf0ftfn] ubf{ rf/hgf bfh'efO / rf/hgf lbbLalxgLdWo] pxf"sf] k|efjzfnL JolQmTjsf] kl/jf/df cnUu} 5fk kg{ uof] . tTsfnLg ;dfh 5f]/Lsf] lzIFfk|lt rf;f] g/fVg] eP tfklg pxf"sf] tLI0ftf / cle?lrn] ubf{ lktfhLn] bfh'efO ;fy} pxf"nfO{ k|sf08 ljåfg\x¿åf/f ;+:s[tsf] lzIff lbg] Joj:yf ug{'eof] .

lktfsf] d[To'kl5 rf}wjif{sf] slnnf] pd]/df ljzfn kfl/jfl/s lhDd]jf/L cfOk/]sf bfh' zÍ/k|;fbnfO{ afns alxgLn] ;b}j k|]/0ff, zlQm / xf};nf k|bfg ug{'eof] . tTsfnLg ;fdflhs k|rngcg';f/ gf} jif{sf] pd]/df pxf"sf] ljjfx lj=;+= !(&$ df bfªsf ;De|FGt l3ld/] kl/jf/sf ljåfg\ jfdb]j;"u eof] . jfdb]j jgf/; lxGb" ljZjljBFnoaf6 c+u|]hLdf :gfts tyf ;+:s[tdf k|yd >]0fLdf cfrfo{ pQL0f{ x'g'x'GYof] . t/, lj=;+= !(*) df g} pxf"n] j}wJosf] s7f]/ oftgf vKg'k¥of] . 3/ tyf dfOtL b'j} wgf9\o kl/jf/ ePsfn] pxf"nfO{ ef}lts ;'vdf s'g} sdL ePg . b'j} 3/fgfsf nflu pxf" cem} plQs} >4]o / cfb/0fLo x'g'x'GYof] . t/, cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] vfnLkgn] ubf{ pxf" a9L cGtd{'vL, lrGtgzLn / cWoogzLn x'"b} hfg'eof] . hLjgsf] p2]Zo / hut\sf] /x:osf] vf]hLdf nfUg'eof] . b'O{jif{sf] :jfWoogkl5 ;b\u'?sf] vf]hLdf nfUg'ePsL …dfO{ xh'/Ú sf] vf]hL lj=;+= !(*@ df afntk:jL >L :ju{åf/L dxfk|e'sf] ;flGgWodf k'u]kl5 6'+luof] . pxf"sf] hLjgn] dfu{ tyf p2]Zo b'j} k|FKt u¥of] . s]xL jif{ kf/dfly{s cWoog a|x\dsf] vf]hL / lrGtgdf JotLt u/]kl5 lj=;+= !(*^ df :ju{åf/L dxfk|e';"u ljlwjt\ ;Gof; u|x0f ug'{eof] .

u'? cf1fcg';f/ pxf" j[4 1fg / cg'ejsf] vf]hLdf tLyf{6g ug{ yfNg'eof] . ;Gof; /Lltcg';f/ ;j{k|yd cfkm\gL cfdfsf] xftaf6 leIff u|x0f ug{ cof]Wof hfg'eof] . k/}af6 t]lhnL, ;'Gb/ / ev{/sL tkl:jgLnfO{ b]v]/ …sf] xf]nfÚ eg]/ >4fn] x]l//x]sL dftf b'uf{b]jL glhs} cfPkl5 cfkm\gL 5f]/LnfO{ lrg]/ d"lR5{t x'g'eof] . z'sb]j dftfnfO{ 1fg lbPem}+ s]xL ;do cof]Wofd} a;L cfdfsf] df]xeË ug{ 1fg / bz{gsf] lzIff lbg'eof] . To;kl5 ef/tsf k|l;4 tLy{:yn ab|Lgfy, u+uf]qL, od'gf]qL cflb tLy{df uO{ dxgf}+ df}g / lg/fxf/ /xL s7f]/ ;fwgf ug{'eof] . k|rf/ / cf8Da/af6 6f9f /x] tfklg km"nsf] ;'jf; lkm+lhPem}+ pxf"sf] s7f]/ ;fwgfn] ef/t / g]kfndf pxf"sf] k|l;l4 :jtM km}lnof] . tTkZrft\ :ju{åf/L kmsL{ :ju{åf/L cf>dd} u'?sf] ;]jfdf nfUg'eof] . cf>ddf klg pxf" cg'zf;g, nugzLntf / ;fwgfn] ubf{ u'?sf] s[kfkfq / c¿ ;a}sf] >4f / cfb/sf] efuL x'g'x'GYof] .

lj=;+= !((& df :ju{åf/L dxfk|e' a|x\dnLg x'g'ePkl5 u'?sf] cv08 k"hf yfngL ug{'eof] . b'O{ jif{kl5 u'?sf] k"hf cf>dnfO{ lhDdf nufO{ @))% ;fnb]lv k'gM s}nfz dfg ;/f]j/, cd/gfy rf/ wfd, d'lStgfy, uf];fOs'08 cflb ef/t tyf g]kfnsf k|d'v tLy{:ynsf] e|d0f ug{'eof] . Toxf" pxf"sf] s7f]/ ;fwgfsf] k|l;l4 g]kfn / ef/tsf ljleGg :yfgdf km}lnof] . ef/tsf ljleGg /fHosf pRrkb:y clwsf/L, Jofkf/L cflbb]lv lnP/ ;j{;fwf/0f;Dd pxf"sf eQm eP . pxf"n] lbPsf] e:dn] cg]sf}+sf] /f]u gi6 ePsf], nf6f afnsn] af]Ng yfn]sf] cflb cfZro{hgs 36gfsf k|ToIFbzL{ cem} 5"b}5g\ . pxf"sf] jf0fL ;'Gg / h'7f] vfg ef/tsf ljleGg /fHosf d]lh:6«]6, sld;g/, k|f]km];/ tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] eL+8 nfUg yfNof] .

t/, :jefj}n] cf8Da/xLg, ljt/fuL, ckl/u|xL / k|rf/k|;f/af6 6f9f /xg] …dfO{ xh'/Ú k'gM :ju{åf/L cfpg'eof] . @)!) ;fndf sf7df8f}+ cfO{ @)!! ;fndf pdfs'08 cf>dsf] :yfkgf ug{'eof] . tTkZrft\ a]nfa]nfdf ef/tsf ljleGg tLy{:yndf a;] klg sf7df8f}+ pdfs'08nfO{ cfkm\gf] sd{:yn agfpg'eof] . @)!^ ;fn j}zfv z'Sn cIFo t[tLofb]lv Toxf" cv08 o1w'gLsf] :yfkgf ug{'eof] . o;} cf>dleq dlGb/, o1zfnfsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . cf>dsf] ehgu[xdf lgTo ehg / zf:q >j0f u/fOG5 . 3/ tyf dfOtaf6 cg]sf}+k6s ;DklQ lng cg'/f]w ubf{ klg pxf"n] s'g} cfly{s ;xof]u;Dd klg lng' dfGg'ePg . pxf" s;};"u s]xL dfUg'x'GgYof] t/ eQmx¿n] :j]R5fn] cf>d lgdf{0fdf s]xL ;xof]u u/] . eQm :j= dxGt nfnsf 5f]/f rGb|nfn >]i7n] ehgu[xsf] k'glg{df{0f / k|e' dxf/fhsf] k|ltdf :yfkgf u/fpg'eof] . o; cf>ddf b}lgs ?b|Fleif]s x'g'sf ;fy} >fj0f k'qbf PsfbzLdf :ju{åf/L dxfk|e'sf] hGdhoGtLsf] e08f/f / dfu{z'Sn rf}yLdf k|e'sf] k'0oltlysf] e08f/f ul/G5 .

:ju{åf/L dxfk|e'sL clGtd lzio a|x\dnLg dftf nIdL lu/Lsf] kfly{j z/L/nfO{ pxf"s} OR5fcg';f/ :ju{åf/L cf>dsf :jfdL O{Zj/fgGbsf] cu|;/tfdf pdfs'08 kl/;/leq} ;dflw:yn ul/of] . ;fw';Gt tyf c;+Vo eQmhgn] >4f~hln ck{0f u/] . ef/taf6 klg cg]sf}+ eQmhgx¿ >4f~hln ck{0f ug{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . pdfs'08 cf>dsf] ;~rfngsf nflu …dfO{ xh'/Ú s} hLjgsfndf ;/sf/af6 /lhi6/ eO{ bL3{/fh sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIFtfdf Ps ;ldlt ag]sf] 5 . …dfO{ xh'/Ú sf] Tofu cfbz{ / of]ubfgnfO{ hLjGt /fVg] cleef/f ca pxf"sf eQmhg / o; ;ldltsf] /x]sf]