/fli6«o PsLs/0fdf sdhf]/ /x]sf] dgf]j}1flgs kIf

g] kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] k|;+u rNbf clxn];Dd klg dflg;x¿ k|fozM k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxaf6} s'/fsf] yfngL u5{g\ . clg To;}df ax; ;'? x'G5– …Tof] PsLs/0f geO{ uf]vf{sf] /fHo lj:tf/ lyof]Ú, …Tof] /fhfsf] lj:tf/jfbL dxŒjfsf+Iffsf] kl/0ffd lyof]Ú, …Tof] :jtGq /fHox¿sf] ;fj{ef}ldstfdflysf] cltqmd0f lyof]Ú cflb cflb . o:t} s'/fdf cfwfl/t eP/ lstfax¿ n]lv"b} 5g\ / …;+3fTds /fHoÚ h:tf rrf{ klg rNb} 5g\ .

o; vfn] s'/fn] xfd|f] Oltxf;–r]tgf Hofb} 5f]6f], kftnf] / sdhf]/ ePsf] k|:6 kf5{g\ / cfkm\g} k|frLg Oltxf;sf ;du| kIfx¿sf] uDeL/ cWoog / cg';Gwfg ug'{kg]{ k'ghf{u/0fsf] dfu u5{g\ . ¿;, rLg, ef/t, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, Sofg8f, a|flhn cflbh:tf ljzfnsfo b]zx¿ s] cflbsfnb]lv g} To:t} / Toq} lyP / < cfhsf] /fhgLlts / ef}uf]lns ;f"wdf af"lwPsf 7"nf / demf}nf ;a} b]zx¿ ;;fgf ljGb'af6 ljsl;t / lj:tfl/t x'"b} of] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf x'g\ . cflbd ;dfhsf] Pp6} u0f / slanfsf j+zhx¿ dfq ldn]/ ag]sf lj/n ckjfbsf ;fgf /fHo jf 6fk'x¿ klg st}st} xf]nfg\ ;+;f/df . To:tf ckjfbafx]s ;+;f/sf ;a} b]zx¿sf] Oltxf; cg]sf}+ slanf, hghflt, hflt, /fHo–/hf}6fx¿sf] nfdf] ;+3if{, ljjfb, d]nldnfk / Pstfsf] Oltxf; xf] .

g]kfn ;+;f/sf d+uf]n, cfo{, lgu|f] -cfl:6«s_ / b|lj8h:tf dxfhfltx¿ km}lnPsf e"uf]nsf] 7Ls dfem–ljGb'df k5{ . tL ;a}sf cguGtL xf"ufla"uf, kft, d'gf, 6';f cflb ldn]/ g]kfnL hflt of /fi6« aGg k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg e"uf]nleq s'gs'g hflt klxn] / s'gs'g hflt kl5 cfP, s'gs'g hfltn] oxf" s'gs'g hfltnfO{ bdg, zf]if0f u/] eGg]h:tf ts{gfx¿ klg clxn] p7\b} 5g\ . Oltxf; / k'/ftŒjsf] Jofks vf]hsf] ;Gbe{df o; vfn] s'/fx¿nfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf] v08df Oltxf;k"j{sf w]/} /f]rs tYo / b[Zox¿ xfd|f cufl8 cfpg ;Sg]5g\ / ltgn] xfd|f] k'ghf{u/0fsf] ultnfO{ Jofks ¿kn] cl3 a9fpg]5g\ . t/, clxn] oL k|Zgx¿ To; 9+un] pl7/x]sf 5}gg\ . clxn] o:tf k|Zgx¿ hftLo / If]qLo ;+sL0f{tfaf6 p7fO"b} 5g\ . clxn] tL k|Zgx¿ o;/L p7fO"b} 5g\– dfgf}+ Pp6f /fi6«leq tLg xhf/ jif{b]lv a;]sf dflg;x¿sf] clwsf/ a9L x'G5 / Ps xhf/ jif{b]lv a:g]x¿sf] yf]/} x'G5 . Oltxf; / ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ ;xL 9+un] a'em\g g;Sbf o:t} c8afË] ;f]rx¿ hGdg k'U5g\ . o:tf ;f]rx¿n] cfw'lgs /fi6« / /fHocGtu{t a:g] dflg;x¿sf] Pstf / d}qLnfO{ a9fpg] / ;dfg gful/s xs k|fKt ug]{ s'/fdf afwf k'¥ofp"5g\ .

g]kfnsf] jt{dfg e"uf]nleq ;aeGbf klxn] s'g hflt, slanf jf u0f cfP/ a:of] eGg] s'/f k'/ftflŒjs cGj]if0fsf] b[li6n] klg Hofb} hl6n ljifo xf] . lsgeg] ef/tLo pkdxfåLksf l;Gw', u+uf / a|x\dk'q gbLsf ljzfn ;dtn e"efux¿ Pl;of, o'/f]k, clk|msf / c:6«]lnof dxfåLksf] k|frLg oftfoftsf d"naf6fdf kg]{ 7fp"x¿ x'g\ . s[liftGqsf] ljsf; gx'"bf;Dd cyf{t\ cfhsf] cf7–bz xhf/ jif{cl3;Dd ;+;f/df Ps} 7fp"df :yfoL a;f]af; ug]{ s'g} klg u0f / slanfx¿ lyPgg\ . tL xfd|} b]zsf jt{dfg /fp6]x¿h:t} 3'dGt] cj:yfdf lyP . To; cj:yfdf g]kfn jf ;+;f/sf] s'g} e"k|b]zdf klg dflg;x¿ Ps} 7fp"df /}yfg] eP/ a:g ;Sb}gy] . O=k"= #))) lt/sf] l;Gw' ;Eotfdf cfl:6«s -lgu|f]_ / b|lj8 cg'xf/sf cjz]if e]l6Psf 5g\ . g]kfns} hgsk'/ jf ;du| ldlynf k|b]zdf /fdfo0fsfnd} cfo{d"nsf dflg;x¿n] :yfoL a;f]af; / s[lifsf] ljsf; u/]sf lyP . hgssf] xnf] ;~rfng To;}sf] k|tLs xf] . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ls/ftx¿ cfpg'eGbf cl3 uf]kfn–dlxifkfnj+zL cfeL/x¿ kz'kfns cj:yfdf lyP . tL cfeL/ / gfuj+zLx¿nfO{ lht]/ ls/ftx¿ :yflkt ePsf lyP . k"jL{ ef/tsf] gfufNofG8sf gfuf -gfuj+zL_ x¿ ls/ftx¿åf/f sf7df8f}+af6 nv]l6P/ Toxf" k'u]sf] bfaL ub}{ 5g\ . klZrdL g]kfnb]lv sZdL/;Dd /fdfo0f–dxfef/tsfnd} v; cfo{x¿ km}lnPsf zf:qLo ;Gbe{x¿ kfOG5g\ . lxdfnL If]qlt/ clxn];Dd klg ltAatL d"nsf dflg;x¿ cfpg] qmd hf/L 5 . g]kfnLx¿ l;lSsd, bflh{lnª, e'6fg, cf;fd, dl0fk'/, DofGdf/;Dd k'uL ToxL"sf :yfoL gful/s eP/ a;]sf 5g\ / clxn] o'/f]k / cd]l/sf;Dd k'u]/ ToxL"s} gful/s eO{ a;f]af; ub}{ 5g\ .

cfhsf] o'udf /fHon] lgwf{l/t u/]sf ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gsf ;Ldfleq k'u]kl5 ;+;f/sf] s'g} efusf] dflg; s'g} d'n'sdf klg uP/ gful/stf lnO{ ;dfg xsef]u u/]/ a:g;S5 . Oltxf;b]lv jt{dfg;Ddsf o; vfn] pbfx/0fn] g]kfndf sf] cl3 jf sf] kl5 cfof] eGg] ts{sf cfwf/df cd's hflt jf ;d"x zf]ifs–bdgsf/L / cd's–cd's zf]lift–kLl8t eGg] /fu / cnfksf] s'g} t's / cy{ /x"b}g . To:tf ts{x¿ cfw'lgs /fi6«x¿sf] efjgfsf] :t/nfO{ e]6fpg g;s]sf Hofb} k5f}6] slanftGqL r]tgfsf Bf]ts x'g\ .

sf7df8f}+nfO{ dfq g]kfn 7fGg] r]tgf g]kfnsf dWosfnLg /fHox¿sf] lj36gn] km]l/ 6';fPsf e'/]–6fs'/] efjgf / xf"uf xfn]sf afO;]–rf}aL;] /fHo/hf}6fn] hGdfPsf] ;+sL0f{tf dfq xf] . xfdLn] cfkm\gf] r]tgfnfO{ Oltxf;sf] ljleGg sfnv08df 7"N7"nf e"efudf km}lnPsf k|frLg / dWosfnLg /fHox¿;"u klg k'¥ofpg ;s]gf}+ eg] kf"rf}+ ztfAbLdf g} sf]zLb]lv s0ff{nL;Dd km}lnPsf] lnR5lj /fHo, P3f/f}+–af¥xf}+ ztfAbLdf gf/fo0fLb]lv d]rL;Dd km}lnPsf] g]kfn t/fO{sf] s0ff{6 -8f]o_ /fHo, af¥xf}+–t]¥xf}+ ztfAbLdf s'dfpb]lv sf7df8f}+;Dd km}lnPsf] v;–dNn /fHo, ;f]¥xf}+ ztfAbLdf kfNkfb]lv df]/ª;Dd km}lnPsf] ;]g /fHo cflbsf] Oltxf;;Dd klg k'¥ofpg ;s]gf}+ eg] xfdL cfkm\gf jL/ k'vf{x¿sf] uf}/jsf] pQ/flwsf/ s;/L k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}+ / < xfdLn] O=k"= 5}6f}+ ztfAbLlt/ g} …cyj{ kl/lzi6Ú n] cf;fdb]lv kGhfa;Ddsf] e"efunfO{ …g]kfn ljhoÚ eg]sf] s'/f;Dd cfkm\gf cg';Gwfgsf cf"vf k'¥ofpg ;s]gf}+ eg] Oltxf;–r]tsf] b[li6n] xfdL cGwf / k+u' 7xg]{5f}+ .

o:tf y'k|} s'/fn] s] k|:6 kf5{g\ eg] xfd|f] g]kfn–e"ld k|frLg sfnb]lv g} ljzfn lyof] . Tof] ;do;dodf vl08t lyof] . ;do;dosf /fhf / hgof]4fx¿sf k|of;n] vl08t e"efux¿ hf]8\g] / km}nfpg] k|of;x¿ klg x'"b} cfP . ;f]¥xf}+–;qf}+ ztfAbLdf Tof] g]kfn Psbd} 6'qmf6'qmf eP/ ;f7LeGbf a9L /fHo–/hf}6f / hftLo hgtGqx¿df ljvl08t eof] . lj=;+= !*)) b]lv k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / jL/ hgof]4fx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf To; ljvl08t d'n'snfO{ km]l/ hf]8\g] h'g k|of; cl3 a9\of] / &@ jif{sf] k|of;n] d]rL–dxfsfnLeGbf kfl/;Dd k'u]/ klg lglZrt ;Ldfdf v'lDrg'k¥of], s] To; cleofgnfO{ /fhfsf] dxŒjfsf+Iff, lj:tf/jfb jf c¿sf] ;fj{ef}ldstf ldlrPsf] cflb eGg ldN5 < g]kfnsf] Oltxf;nfO{ /fd|/L a'em\g] s'g} klg g]kfnL jf ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg ljåfg\n] To:tf] cgu{n s'/f ug{ ;Sb}g < To;}n] k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] ;doaf6 ;'? ePsf] /fli6«o PsLs/0f jf:tjdf PsLs/0f dfq geP/ k'gM PsLs/0f xf] .

clxn]sf ljåfg\x¿ hgtf;lxtsf] e"uf]n, ;a}nfO{ hf]8\g] efiff, cy{tGq, ;+:s[lt / dgf]lj1fg;lxtsf] PstfnfO{ g} /fi6« / /fli6«o PsLs/0f eGb5g\ . cfw'lgs pBf]ux¿n] ;an /fi6«sf lx;fan] o; kl/efiffnfO{ ;jf{Ëk"0f{ dfGg ;lsG5 . t/ lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{h:tf] ljs6 / ljljw e"uf]n, ;of}+ hfthflt, krf;f}+ efiff / cg]sf}+ wd{ ePsf] d'n's dWoo'usf] cGtdf /fhgLlts / ef}uf]lns ¿kn] PsLs[t x'gf;fy Ps} rf]l6 ;dfg efiff, cy{tGq, ;+:s[lt / dgf]lj1fgn] cfa4 x'g s;/L ;Dej x'GYof] / < x'g t /fi6«;DaGwL k|fylds cjwf/0ff j}lbs sfnd} hGd]sf] lyof] t/ cfw'lgs kl/efiffg';f/sf] PsLs[t /fi6«sf] lgdf{0f cfw'lgs cf}Bf]uLs/0fn] dfq ug{ ;s]sf] xf] . xfdL hlxn];Dd k|hftGq, lzIff, lj1fg, k|ljlw, pBf]u, Jofkf/, ;~rf/, oftfoft cflb If]qdf pGgt x'g ;St}gf}+ ta;Dd xfd|f] /fi6« cfw'lgs kl/efiffcg';f/ ;jf{¨k"0f{ /fi6« aGg ;St}g . To:tf] ;a} b[li6n] PsLs[t /fi6« agfpg] bfloTj xfdL ;a} g]kfnLsf] xf] .

xfdL lj=;+= !*&@ sf] ;'uf}nL ;lGw / lj=;+= !(!$ df klZrdsf rf/ lhNnf ylkPb]lv cfhsf] e"uf]n / /fhgLltsf] ;Ldfdf k'u]sf 5f}+ . clxn] ;a} IF]qsf *) k|ltzt g]kfnLn] Pp6} efiffaf6 k/:k/ ;Dks{ ug{;Sg] l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . k"j{–klZrd / pQ/–blIF0f /fhdfu{x¿n] ^! lhNnf hf]l8Psf 5g\, !$ lhNnf af"sL 5g\ . cfwf/e"t ;fgf–7"nf pBF]u rfnL;–krf; lhNnfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . k|fylds lzIff, ;~rf/ / :jf:Yo;]jfn] ;a} lhNnfnfO{ clncln 5f]Psf] 5 . PsLs[t /fi6«sf] k|ultlglDt oL k"jf{wf/ x'g\ . o;}sf] ljsf;n] xfdL lj:t[t /fli6«o cy{tGqlt/ cl3 a9\g ;S5f}+ . o;} ljsf; k|lqmofn] g} ;a} hfthfltsf aLrdf ;f+:s[lts ;fd~h:o / Pstf a9\b} hfG5 . ;a} hflt / hghfltsf nf]suLt / jfBw'gx¿nfO{ ;a} g]kfnLn] u'gu'gfP/ gfRg] kl/j]z ljsl;t eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zdf b'ef{Uojz aflx/af6 cfPsf] hftkft / 5'jf5"tsf] j0f{Joj:yfn] / ef}uf]lns ljljwtfn] ubf{ ;a} hflt / hghfltsf aLrdf ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts Pstf, ;dfg dof{bf / Jofks e]63f6 cem} ;Dej x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . hghflt / blnt ;d'bfosf] hfu/0fn] To; k'/fgf] cj:yfnfO{ km]b{} 5 .

clxn] /fli6«o PsLs/0fdf ;aeGbf sdhf]/ / ck"0f{ /x]sf] kIF eg]sf] dgf]j}1flgs kIF xf] . w]/} hflt, efiff, wd{ / ;+:s[ltdf af"lwPsf d+uf]n, cfo{, cfl:6«s / b|lj8 pb\udsf ;of}+ hflt / hghflt ljs6 kxf8L d'n'sdf 5l/P/ a;]sf / cf}BF]lus ahf/, lzIff / oftfoftsf] ljsf; gePsf sf/0fn] Ps–csf{l;t /fd|/L kl/lrt / 3'nldn x'gdf cem} klg cg]sf}+ sl7gfO /x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] sf7df8f}+jf;Ln] cfkm"nfO{ ;Eo / cljsl;t IF]qsfnfO{ c;Eo 7fGg], t/fO{ / kxf8jf;Ln] wf]tL–6f]kL eg]/ Ps–csf{nfO{ 6f9f b]Vg], slyt dflyNnf / tNnf hftsf hgtfsf aLrdf 5'jf5"t rNg], s;}df lzIffsf] nfdf] k/Dk/f /x]sf] s;}df ev{/ ;'? ePsf] cflb sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfnL hgtf dgf]j}1flgs ¿kn] xflb{s Pstfdf cem} k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\ . sfnf], uf]/f], r'Rr], y]Kr] j0f{ / ¿ksf dfG5]n] xfd|f cflbk'vf{ Pp6} x'g\, ljljw e"uf]nn] j0f{ / ¿k km]l/Psf] xf], ;a} dflg;sf efjgf / cfsF+IFF p:t} x'G5g\ eg]/ dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ aGw'sf ¿kdf lrGg] / 3'nldn x'g] lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf] cljsl;t cj:yfn] ubf{ of] dgf]j}1flgs b"/L af"sL /x]sf] xf] . t/, ax'bnLo /fhgLltsf] k|hftflGqs k|lt:kwf{, hgjuL{o / Jofj;flos ;+u7gx¿sf] lj:tf/, ljZjel/s} ko{6sx¿l;tsf] e]63f6, ljljw ;]jfsf] ;Gbe{df ;a} hfltsf dfG5] b]zsf ;a} IF]qdf k'Ug] l:ylt, cfw'lgs sk8f / klx/gdf a9\bf] ;dfgtf, ;~rf/ IF]qn] k|;fl/t ug{] ljljw ljifo / ;fdu|Lx¿ cflb cflb s'/fn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] dgf]lj1fg klg Jofks ¿kdf /fli6«o PsLs/0fsf] lbzflt/ cl3 a9\g] cfwf/ agfp"b} uPsf 5g\ . hfu?s g]kfnL hgtfsf] lg/Gt/sf] k|of;n] ;a} IF]qdf ;dfg clwsf/ / ;dfg k|lti7fsf] cleofg cl3 a9fp"b} hf"bf xfd|F] /fi6« ;jf{¨ ¿kn] PsLs[t x'"b} hfg] s'/f ;'lglZrt 5 .

cGo ;dfrf/

• dnfO{ of] b'lgof" dg k/]g
• u}/lhDd]jf/ k|0ffnL / hg:jf:Yosf] k|Zg
• 6«flkmsnfO{ ;jf/L ef8f lgMz'Ns †
• ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u M ;ljwfg;ef jf ;Dk|e' k|ltlglw;ef
• a]lNhodsf] P]gf