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sl/a 8]9 bzscl3 ef/t–kfls:tfgaLr Ps lbj;Lo lqms]6 a]+unf]/ ;x/df ePsf] lyof] . Toltv]/ kfls:tfgdf lhofpn xs / ef/tdf /fhLj ufGwL zf;g ub{} lyP . v]n /f]df~rs lyof] . b'j}tkm{sf v]nf8Lx¿n] k|lt:kwf{k"0f{ v]n v]n] . v]ndf Pp6fn] lhTg' / csf{] kIFn] xfg{' :jfefljs lyof] . ef/tLo v]nf8Ln] v]n xf/], kfls:tfgLn] lht] . kfls:tfgLx¿ cfkm\gf] b]z kmls{P . Pp6f ef/tLo b}lgs klqsfn] ef]lnkN6 n]Vof]– …3/ d]+ 3';s/ df/fÚ . cyf{t\ kfls:tfgn] ef/tleq k;]/ ef/tLonfO{ g} k/flht u¥of] .

To:t}–To:t} 36gf o;kfln g]kfndf b]Vg kfOof] . s'/f ef/t–kfls:tfg jf lqms]6sf] xf]Og . of] w]/}cl3sf] s'/f klg xf]Og, oxL dlxgf t/ cl3Nnf] ;ftfdf dfq ePsf] xf] . sf+u|]; ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] …xf]d 6fpgÚ -u[xgu/_ lj/f6gu/df sf]O/fnfsf] ;xeflutflagf >L % sf] clegGbg …eJo ¿kdfÚ eof] . of] 36gf sf]O/fnfx¿sf lglDt kfls:tfgLn] ef/tdf v]n]/ ef/tLonfO{ x/fP;/x ePsf] 5 . /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] lj/f6gu/ efif0f sf]O/fnfsf nflu …3/ d+] 3';s/ df/fÚ aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

lj/f6gu/df k'; !( ut] sf]O/fnf s;/L k/flht eP < /fhf s;/L ljhoL ag] < To;nfO{ s]nfpg' ;a}sf lglDt nfebfoL x'g]5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] /fhfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs agfof] . b]zsf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwdf /xg] Uof/]G6L ;+ljwfgn] u¥of] . To;kl5sf t]¥x jif{x¿ x]bf{x]b{} labf eP . lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf ;a}eGbf nfdf] ;do k|wfgdGqL kbdf cf;Lg /x] . hgcfGbf]ngsf a]nf hlGdPsf s]6fs]6L clxn] ^–& sIffdf k9\g] ePsf 5g\ . Tolt a]nf !)–!@ jif{sf afnaflnsf clxn] kl/kSj o'jf ag]sf 5g\ . sltko t cfdfafa' klg alg;s] . k'/f0fdf klg o:tf] pd]/sfnfO{ …kl/kSj gful/sÚ elgPsf] kfOG5 . zf:qdf ;Gtfgsf] pd]/ !^ jif{ k'u]kl5 afa' / 5f]/faLr ldqjt\ ;DaGw x'g'k5{ elgPsf] 5 . lxhf]cfh t 5f]/LnfO{ klg 5f]/f;/x Jojxf/ ul/G5 .

t/, k|hftflGqs zf;gsf !# jif{df k|hftGqnfO{ b]zJofkL agfOPg . g]tfx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ 3]g{] …rfs/afhÚ x¿ dfq hgtf x'g\ eG7fg] . clxn] tL …u0f]zÚ x¿ wdfwd kf6L{ 5f]8\g yfn] . g]tfx¿sf] w/ftn ulxl/P/ jfUdtL / lji0f'dtL gbLsf k'nsf] …6]sf]Ú h:tf] aGg k'u]sf] 5 . pbf¨ ePsf] 5, g]tfx¿sf] hu . ufp"–ufp"df k|hftfGqLs/0f ul/Psf] eP Toxf" a;f]af; ug{] gful/sx¿ alnof aGy], ;r]t x'Gy] . kf6L{ / g]tfx¿sf] cfwf/e"ld a9\Yof] . :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] cfkm"nfO{ s] cfjZos 5 To;nfO{ s;/L k|FKt ug{]h:tf s'/fdf ljj]s / cg'ejsf] k|of]u uy{] . k|To]s lgjf{rgdf hgtfn] cfkm\gf k|fyldstfnfO{ cl3 ;fy{] . g]tfx¿af6 cfZjf;g xf]Og, ef}lts ;'ljwf rfxGy] . t/, Jojxf/df l;Gsf] ef"lrPg . ;j{;fwf/0fsf b'Mvsi6af/] af]Ng dfcf]jfbLx¿ dfq ufp"df /x] . c¿x¿ glhssf] ;x/tkm{ nfu] . ufp"df /x]sfn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf kL/–dsf{af/] af]n] . hgtfsf] dgleq kfls/x]sf] Hjfnfd'vLnfO{ emg\ ttfP . ;dfhdf lk5l8Psf hflt, hg–hfltx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t u/] . /, ltg}nfO{ …hgo'4Ú df xf]d] . k|hftflGqs zf;g Joj:yfn] g;d]6]sf] hg;fwf/0f g} dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] nlIFt ;d"x aGof] . sf+u|];, Pdfn]n] pkof]u ug{ ;s]gg\ eg]/ ufp"–ufp"df gof" k':tfsf] pTkfbg /f]lsPg . hgcfGbf]ngsf a]nfsf ;fgf s]6fs]6L g} gof" k':tfsf ¿kdf b]vf k/] . gof" k':tf t cfof], t/ dfcf]jfbLsf ¿kdf cfof] .

dfcf]jfbL ;'?d} v/sf] cfuf] h;/L cfPg, of] t e';sf] cfuf] ag]/ leqleq} cfof] . lsgeg] ;'s]/ vª\u|ª\u ePsf] hgtf¿kL e'; y'kfl/Psf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn] t dfq To;df cfuf] emf]:g] sfd u/] . Tof] e';e';] cfuf]nfO{ bGsfpg] sfd oxf"sf /fhgLlts zlQmn] u/]sf x'g\ . ltgsf] ;Qfdf]xn] u/]sf] xf] . kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] km'6fP jf kf6L{ k'm6]sf sf/0f dfcf]jfbL a9], of] t ljjflbt xf]nf . t/, ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts 36gfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' dfcf]jfbL g} ePsf]df eg] dt}So g} xf]nf . ;/sf/ kl/jt{g eP . o;}aLr /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+z ljgfz eof] . c¿ klg 7"nf7"nf b"3{6gfx¿ eP . t/, g dfcf]jfbL lgoGq0fdf cfP, g t dfcf]jfbLn] g} lgoGq0f ug{ ;s] .

gf} dlxgfcl3 cyf{t\ h]7 @)%( df k|ltlglw;ef lj36g ul/of] . tfhf dWofjlw lgjf{rg sflQs @& ut] x'g] zfxL 3f]if0ff eof] . lgjf{rg cfof]u cfd lgjf{rgsf] tof/Ldf nfUof] . dfcf]jfbLn] ^ r/0fx¿df x'g] dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf lbgx¿df aGb ug]{ clu|d wDsL lbP . lgjf{rgdf zflGt–;'/IFfsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] k|x/Lsf] k|d'vn] r'gfj ;fg{] ;Nnfx lbP . ;]gfn] r'gfjdf ;'/IFf lbg] jrg lbof] . To;}aLr ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug{] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ -sf+u|];, Pdfn], /fk|kf, ;b\efjgf, hgdf]rf{, g]dlskf / sf+u|];
-k|hftflGqs__ c;f]h !# ut] ;j{bnLo a}7s a;] . a}7sn] …@)%( ;fn sflQs @& ut] k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ ;Dej gb]lvPsfn] ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿af6 JoQm ljsNkx¿nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvL ;+ljwfg;Ddt 9¨n] pko'Qm lgsf; vf]Hg k|wfgdGqLnfO{ l;kmfl/;Ú u¥of] . a}7sdf k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL, dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf, ab|Lk|;fb d08n, clds z]/rg, gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5], ljdn]Gb| lglw lyP .

dWofjlw lgjf{rgnfO{ k5fl8 ws]Ng] ;j{bnLo ;xdltcg'¿k k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] >L % df lgjf{rgnfO{ Ps jif{k5fl8 cyf{t\ d+l;/ @)^) ;Dd ;fg{ l;kmfl/; u/] . hals g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] To;f] ug{] :jLs[lt lb"b}g . To;kl5 c;f]h !* ut] /fhsLo ;Qfsf] k|of]u u/L /fhfaf6 …lgjf{rg ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ c;IFd k|wfgdGqL b]pjfnfO{ kbd'Qm / dlGqkl/ifb\ lj36gÚ ul/of] . sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /fhfn] cfkm"df lglxt /fvL d'n'ssf] zf;gef/ :jo+ u|x0f u/] . o:tf] ug{] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn] /fhfnfO{ lbPsf] 5}g . t/ clxn] /fHo ;~rfngdf k|ToIF ¿kdf /fhf ;+nUg 5g\ eg] ;b/d'sfdaflx/sf clwsf+z e"efu dfcf]jfbLsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] cGTo ul/of] .

k|ltlglw;ef gePsf] ( dlxgf gfl3;Sof] . dfcf]jfbLn] cfdr'gfj x'g glbg] wDsLaf6 ;+;b\jfbL /fhgLlts bnx¿ 8/fP / r'gfjaf6 efu] . To;}n] /fhfnfO{ r'gfj ;fg{ laGtLkq xfNg] ;xdltdf k'u]sf x'g\ . b]ze/ ;'/IFf cj:yf ;lqmo kf/]/ r'gfj u5{' eGg] cf"6 ;/sf/ / kf6L{x¿n] b]vfpg ;s]gg\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] aGbsf] wDsL ;fdgf ug{] x\ofp pgLx¿;"u /x]g .

hgtfdf …/fhfsf] sbdsf] k|efj k'li6 ug{Ú lj/f6gu/df /fhfnfO{ clegGbg ug{] 3f]if0ff eof] . lsg lj/f6gu/ g} /f]lhof] t < Tof] :ki6 5– lul/hfk|;fbn] x/]s gof" 3f]if0ff lj/f6gu/d} u5{g\ . clegGbg cfof]hsx¿nfO{ of] klg yfxf lyof]– lj/f6gu/df /fhfsf] kIFdf hgtf ptfg{' / clegGbg ug{ ;Sg' eg]sf] ef/td} cfP/ kfls:tfgn] ef/tnfO{ k/flht ug{';/x lyof] . lul/hfk|;fbn] o;sf] hjfkm hgsk'/ efif0fdf o;/L lbPsf] kfOof]– …d]/} lhNnfdf cfP/ /fhfn] dnfO{ zlQm b]vfpg] < dnfO{ t;f{pg vf]lhPsf] xf] eg] To;n] /fhfnfO{ g} xflg ug{]5 .Ú ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf], P]ltxfl;s gu/ lj/f6gu/ g]kfnd} ;a}eGbf w]/} -kf"r hgf_ k|wfgdGqL hGdfpg] ;x/ g} lyof] . sf+u|];, Pdfn]h:tf bnx¿n] k'; !( ut] z'qmaf/sf] clegGbg alxisf/ u/] . dfcf]jfbLn] k'; !* / !( ut] d]rL / sf]zL c~rn aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . t/, /fhfn] ToxL ;'/IFf ;+oGq k|x/L, k|zf;g / ;]gf -h;sf cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] r'gfj ug{] cf"6 ug{ ;s]gg\, kf6L{x¿n] r'gfj ;fg{ l;kmfl/; u/]_ k|of]u u/]/ b'O{ lbgb]lvsf] dfcf]jfbL aGbdf klg clegGbg ;kmntfk"j{s u|x0f u/] . o;n] b[9tf / ;fx;sf ;fy /fHo ;+oGq ;~rfng ug{ ;s] p2]Zo k|FKt ug{ ;kmn xf]OG5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . t/ sflQs @& ut] cfdr'gfj ug{ k|wfgdGqL b]pjf lsg xlRsP < k|d'v /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ lsg 8/fP < s] of] ;'/IFf lgsfon] pgLx¿nfO{ ;3fp"b}gYof] <

s;}n] aGbsf] 3f]if0ff ul//xg'kb{}g, cfd r'gfjdf tLg lbgb]lv k|rf/–k|;f/ aGb x'G5 . @)$*, @)%! / @)%^ df ePsf r'gfjdf ;a}n] b]v]s} xf] . t/, lsg k|wfgdGqL / k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿ r'gfjaf6 efUg vf]h] < pQ/ clxn] klg ck]lIFt 5 . cf"6 u/]/ sflQs @& ut] r'gfj u/]sf] eP t hgtf dtbfg ug{ cfpg] /x]5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] b'O{–b'O{ lbgsf] aGbdf /fhfsf] clegGbg ug{ cfpg] hgtf cfkm\gf] dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{ gcfpg] s'/} ePg . lj/f6gu/ clegGbgdf ePsf] hg;xeflutfn] o; s'/fsf] yk k'li6 u5{ . dfcf]jfbL aGbsf] a]nf cfof]lht clegGbgdf 3/af6 lg:sg] hgtf dtbfg ug{ klg kSs} lg:sg] lyP . dtbfgdf klg ;l/s x'g] lyP .

lj/f6gu/ clegGbgn] csf{] s] s'/f klg k'li6 ub{5 eg] hgtf ;8sdf plqPkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] klg lgxTyf dfG5] dfbf{/x]g5g\ . To;}n] ef]6 v;fNg dtbfg s]Gb|df k'u]sf hgtfnfO{ klg pgLx¿n] dfg{] lyPgg\ . t/, k|wfgdGqL / kf6L{sf g]tfx¿ g} hgkl/rfngdf ljZj:t /x]sf] kfOPg . hals lj/f6gu/ clegGbgn] /fhf hgkl/rfngdf ljZj:t /x]sf] kfOof] . /fhfn] clegGbglglDt hgtfnfO{ ;8sdf ptf/] . g]tfn] eg] cfd r'gfjlglDt hgtfnfO{ ptfg{] cf"6 ug{ ;s]gg\ .

b]z lgjf{lrt lgsfolagf cem} rln/x"bf klg sf+u|]; / sDo'lg:6 g]tfx¿ Psdt x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . …lgjf{rg ldlt tf]s † r'gfj 3f]if0ff u/ ††Ú eGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . k|hftGq hf]ufp"5' eGg]x¿ csd{0o ePkl5, ca tkfO{+ g} eGg'xf];\ s;/L hf]luG5 k|hftGq <

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