aSof}tf @) ls:tfdf, # dlxgfleq dx;'n a'emfP x'g]
xf]6n pBf]unfO{ lah'nL dx;'ndf ;x'lnot

ljsf; yfkf

sf7df8f}+, ( df3— d'n'sdf JofKt cfly{s dGbL;"u} df/df k/]sf xf]6nnfO{ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] dx;'n;DaGwL s]xL ;'ljwf / 5'6 lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

k|flws/0fsf] xfn} a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] xf]6n pBf]un] ltg{ af"sL /x]sf] ljB't\ dx;'n ls:tfaGbLdf e'QmfgL ug{] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} ;ldltn] lah'nL dx;'n lalnª ePsf] () lbgleq e'QmfgL ug{] Joj:yf u/]sf] k|Flws/0f pRr ;dfrf/ ;|f]tn] sflGtk'/nfO{ atfof] .

xf]6nsf] aSof}tf @) ls:tfdf ltg{'kg{] / To;df s'g} Aofh gnfUg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . gof" lgodcg';f/ pQm aSof}tf xf]6nx?n] dlxgf, dlxgfdf e'QmfgL ug{'k5{ .

xf]6n P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kfn -xfg_ df lqmofzLn xf]6n ;b:o ;+Vof pkTosfdf dfq @ ;o @% 5 . pgLx?sf] lah'nL dx;'n aSof}tf dfq caf{}+ ?k}of" 5 . xfgsf cg';f/ Pp6f kf"rtf/] xf]6nsf] lah'nL dx;'n aSof}tf Go"gtd #)÷$) nfv ?k}of" 5 . lalnª ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgf;Dd klg dx;'n gltg{] u|fxsnfO{ hl/jfgf:j?k @% k|ltzt Aofh nfUg] lgod 5 .

To:t} k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf] ;doleq lah'nL dx;'n ltg{]nfO{ lansf] s'n /sdsf] $ k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o;cl3 k|flws/0fn] ;dodf dx;'n ltg{] u|fxsnfO{ 5'6:j?k # k|ltzt ldgfxf lb+b} cfPsf] lyof] . cGo u|fxsnfO{ k|flws/0fn] # k|ltzt g} sfod u/]sf] 5 . ld6/ l/l8ª ePsf] ;ft lbgleq dx;'n a'emfPdf To:tf] ;'ljwf kfOg] lgod 5 . lalnª ePsf] bf];|F] ;ftf;Dd eg] s'g} hl/jfgf nfUb}g .

k|flws/0fn] ld6/ l/l8ª ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq dx;'n a'emfP klg yk b:t'/ gnfUg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . gub k|jfxdf sdL cfPsf xf]6nx?nfO{ o;af6 tTsfn dx;'n a'emfpg'kg{] emGem6 x'g]5}g . o;cl3 ld6/ l/l8ª ePsf] @@ lbgb]lv d;fGt;Dd e'QmfgL gug{]nfO{ % k|ltzt, csf{] dlxgfsf] !% ut];DdnfO{ !) k|ltzt / To;kl5 @% k|ltzt hl/jfgf nfUg] lgod lyof] .

ko{6s cfudgdf cfPsf] sdL;"u} cfly{s l:ylt v:s"b} uPsf xf]6nsf] aSof}tf;DaGwL gof" Joj:yfsf] Joj;foLx?n] :jfut u/]sf 5g\ . xfgsf cWoIf g/]Gb| ah|frfo{n] k|flws/0fsf] pQm lg0f{ok|lt k|ltlqmof JoQm ub{} To;sf] :jfut ug'{eof] . …cfly{s cj:yf lu/]sf ;Dk"0f{ xf]6nnfO{ o;n] 7"nf] /fxt lbPsf] 5,Ú pxf"n] eGg'eof] . t/ xf]6nnfO{ klg cGo pBf]u ;/x lah'nL dx;'n nfUg] Joj:yf ce}m cfjZos ePsf] pxf"n] atfpg'eof] .

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( df xf]6n pBf]unfO{ klg cGo pBf]u ;/x kl/efiff ul/Psf] 5 . P]gdf pTkfbgd"ns, ;]jfd"ns nufot pBf]usf] juL{s/0f !) ;d"xdf ul/Psf] 5 . xf]6n pBf]un] lah'nL dx;'ndf klg cGo pBf]ux?sf] ;/x ;'ljwf gkfPsf] u'gf;f] Joj;foLsf] 5 . …cfly{s ;+s6df k/]sf pBf]unfO{ k|flws/0fn] cGo pBf]u ;/x dx;'n Joj:yf ug{' cfjZos 5,Ú ah|frfo{sf] egfO 5, …o;af6 ;'Sb} uPsf xf]6n pBf]unfO{ /fxt x'G5 .Ú

k|flws/0fn] xf]6n pBf]unfO{ Jofkfl/s u|Fxssf] ju{df /fv]sf] 5 . p;sf cg';f/ of] jif{ clw/fHoe/ To:tf ;+Vof $ xhf/ * ;o 5g\ . pQm ;d"xnfO{ k|flws/0fn] ( s/f]8 %) nfv o'lg6 lah'nL a]R5 . Jofkfl/s ;d"xaf6 k|Flws/0fnfO{ ut cfly{s jif{df && s/f]8 ?k}of"eGbf a9L cfDbfgL u/]sf] lyof] . k|flws/0fsf] s'n u|fxs * nfv &* xhf/ 5 . k|flws/0fsf] ;a}eGbf a9L aSof}tf :yfgLo lgsfo, ;/sf/L sfof{no / s]xL cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf 5 .

xf]6n Joj;foLx?n] 5 dlxgfb]lv lah'nL dx;'n;DaGwL ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;/sf/ / k|flws/0fnfO{ cg'/f]w ub{} cfPsf lyP .

;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 ul/aL lgjf/0f / ;'zf;g sfod ug{ hf]8 lbOg]

sflGtk'/ ;dfrf/bftf

sf7df8f}+, ( df3– k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 ul/aL lgjf/0f, ;fd'bflos ljsf; / ;'zf;gnfO{ tLj| ultdf cl3 a9fpg] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

pxf"n] wgL / ul/asf] c;dfgtf x6fpg ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] clwsQd k|of]u ug{ ;/sf/n] hf]8 lbPsf] atfpg'eof] . …c;dfgtf / juL{o lje]bnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlw pko'Qm cf}hf/ x'g ;S5Ú– pxf"n] eGg'eof] . k|wfgdGqL rGbn] sDKo'6/ P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kfnåf/f cfof]lht Sofg OGkmf]6]ssf] laxLaf/ pb\3f6g ub}{ pQm wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf] xf] .

;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt NofP/ Joj;foL / pBdLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ ;/sf/ lqmofzLn eP klg ;|f]tsf] cefjn] sfof{Gjog r'gf}tLk"0f{ ePsf] k|wfgdGqLn] atfpg'eof] .

pxf"n] :yfgLo :t/;Dd ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kx"'r a9fpg bzf}+ of]hgfdf clw/fHosf ! xhf/ % ;o u|fdL0f If]qdf ;fd'bflos ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

pxf"n] ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu ;"rgf k|ljlw lj:tf/ /0fgLlt th'{df ubf{ Go"g ju{sf] kx"'rleq k'Ug] jftfj/0f cfjZos x'g] atfpg'eof] . …;"rgf k|ljlw If]qnfO{ of]hgf tyf gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txb]lv g} o'u cg's"n pRr k|fyfldstf lbg'k5{Ú– k|wfgdGqLn] eGg'eof] .

k|wfgdGqL rGbn] ;/sf/n] bzf}+ of]hgfdf !% ;o u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ nIo lnPsf] atfpg'eof] .

;"rgf tyf ;+rf/dGqL /d]zgfy kf08]n] ;/sf/n] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ d'Vo cf}hf/sf] ?kdf cjnDag ug]{ atfpg'eof] . pxf"n] lghL If]qsf] ;xof]u lnP/ ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL gLlt lgod agfpg] / To;sf] k|jfesf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] k|lta4tf JoQm ug'{eof] . pxf"n] blIF0f Pl;of If]qsf ;/sf/n] hfkfgdf ;"rgf ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf nflu 5nkmn u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …

lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdGqL 8f= pk]Gb| b]jsf]6fn] ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qsf] tLj| ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/n] lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno, ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ dGqfno tyf ;DalGwt cGo ljefunfO{ Pp6} g]t[Tjleq Nofpg'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg'eof] .

…Ps} k|s[ltsf] sfdsf] :jLs[ltsf nflu nufgLstf{n] k6s k6s w]/} 9f]sf rfxfg'{kg]{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu ;/sf/n] pRr:t/Lo sfo{of]hgf agfpg'k5{Ú– pxf"n] eGg'eof] .

pxf"n] ljut jif{df ;/sf/n] ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/sf] If]qdf hgzlQm pTkfbg tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df w]/} nufgL u/]sf] atfp"b} cfufdL lbgdf o;df cem j[l4 ul/g] cfZjf;g lbg'eof] .

ljZjsf x/]s If]qdf ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL pks/0f cflj:sf/ ePsfn] / pRr Ifdtfsf oL pks/0f / k|ljlw cNkljsl;t b]zsf] ljsf;df k|of]u ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] . jl/i7 Go"/f];h{g 8f= b]jsf]6fn] 3/df g} a;]/ jL/ c:ktfnsf] la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug]{ lbg 6f9f gePsf] atfpg'eof] .

/fli6«o ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cfTdf/fd l3ld/]n] ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/ tyf lghL If]q;"u ;xsfo{ cTofjZos ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf ljgf]baxfb'/ >]i7n] ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qsf] /fd|f] ;+efjgf ePsf] atfp"b} ;"rgf qmflGtnfO{ u'dfpg gx'g] atfpg'eof] . of] If]qn] cfly{s ljsf; / /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] ePsfn] Joj;f;L / ;/sf/n] If]qnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ pxf"n] atfpg'eof] .

g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sd;{sf cWoIf /fh]zsfhL >]i7n] ljZj ahf/df ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qsf] of]ubfg dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] atfp"b} ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qdf k|z:t j}b]lzs /f]huf/L cfpg;Sg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] .

sDKo'6/ P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kfnsf cWoIf nf]rgnfn cfdfTon] ljZjdf ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qdf ljsf; ePsf gof" k|ljlwsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg ;g\ !((@ b]lv OGkmf]6]s ub}{ cfPsf] atfpg'eof] .

vl/b Ifdtf / ;'/Iff cefj d'Vo sf/0f
;'g n]kgsf uxgf sf/f]af/df j[l4

d}gf lwtfn

ax'd"No uxgfn] emlsemsfp eP/ lx+8\g rfxg] dlxnfx? ;:tf / cfsif{s ;'gsf] n]kg -uf]N8 Kn]6_ nufOPsf uxgfk|lt cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ .

uxgf agfOg] d'Vo wft' ;'gsf] d"No cfd dlxnfsf] cfly{s IfdtfeGbf dfly ePsfn] o;vfn] uxgfk|lt pgLx?sf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] xf] . vl/b Ifdtfdf cfPsf] x«f; / dx"uf] uxgf nufP/ 9'Ssn] lx+8\g] cj:yfsf] cefj klg o;sf] pkef]u a9\b} hfg'sf] csf{] sf/0f xf] .

Psbzs otf uf]N8 Kn]6sf uxgfk|lt u|fxssf] r]tgf lgs} a9]sf] laqm]tfx? atfp"5g\ . emG8} Ps bzs klxnfb]lv n]kg nufOPsf uxgf lgdf{0f tyf laqmL ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 6«]8 Kofn];sf ;+rfns cd/gfy ;/fkmsf cg';f/ o; cjlwdf sf/f]af/df klg %) k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

x]bf{ ;SsnLh:t} b]lvg] o:tf uxgfsf] d"No ;'gsf] t'ngfdf lgs} ;:tf] klg k5{ . b'O{÷tLg xhf/ vr{ u/]df k"/} ;]6 g} lsGg ;lsg] Joj;foL atfp"5g\ . xfn ahf/df 5fkfjfn ;'gsf] d"No !) u|Fd ( xhf/ ! ;o (% ?k}of" 5 .

lgDgdWod juL{ob]lv pRr kl/jf/sf dlxnf;d]t o:tf uxgf lsGg cfpg] u/]sf] gof" afg]Zj/l:yt gf/L >[ª\uf/ uxgf k;nsL ;+rflnsf aLgf l/hfn atfp"l5g\ .

lth, bz}, ltxf/ / lax]h:tf ljz]if pT;j tyf df};dafx]s ;fdfGo cj:yfdf lbgsf] % b]lv !% hgf;Dd u|fxs cfpg] laqm]tf atfp"5g\ . df};ddf lbgsf] !%÷@) xhf/;Dd / cl3kl5 b}lgs ^ xhf/;Dd laqmL x'g] aLgfn] atfOg\ .

6k, em'Dsf, l;qmL, g]sn]z, ltnx/L, r'/f, cf}+7L, d+un;"q nufot clwsf+z k|rngdf cfPsf uxgf /fhwfgLsf ljleGg k;ndf kfOG5g\ . Joj;foLsf cg';f/ o:tf uxgfdWo] g]Sn]; $ ;ob]lv !% ;o;Dd, r'/f @ ;ob]lv & ;o;Dd, l;qmL ! ;o %) b]lv * ;o;Dd / em'Dsf ! ;ob]lv % ;o ?k}of"df kfOG5 . …;fdflhs k|lti7fsf nflu eP klg dlxnfn] uxgf nufpg} kg]{ afWotf 5,Ú sLlt{k'/sL dL/f dxh{g elG5g\– To;}n] x/fP klg vf;} kZrtfk gnfUg] ePsfn] oL uxgf lsg]sL x'" .

ax'd"No uxgf nufP/ lx+8\bf x/fpg], rf]/L x'g] tyf n'l6g] 36gfaf6 kLl8t dlxnfsf nflu o:tf uxgf k|efjsf/L ePsf] Joj;foLsf] bfaL 5 . ;:tf], cfsif{s / eg]h:tf] l8hfOgdf jf/]G6Lsf ;fy cfPsf uf]N8 Kn]6sf uxgf 5f]6f] ;dod} nf]slk|o ePsf 5g\ .

;SsnL h:t} b]lvg] t/ To;sf] t'ngfdf w]/} ;:tf] ePsfn] ;'gsf n]kg nufOPsf uxgfk|lt dlxnfsf] ?lr a9\g yfn]sf] xf] . ;:tf], Uof/]G6L ePsf] tyf x/fp"bf jf rf]/L x'"bf klg vf;} kZrftfk gnfUg] ePsfn] o:tf uxgfk|lt cfslif{t ePsf] dlxnfx? atfp"5g\ .

Ps dlxgfcl3 lax] ef]hdf ;l/s eP/ 3/ kms{+bf ;'gsf] l;qmL x/fPkl5 pgn] ax'd"No uxgf gnufpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] atfOg\ . ;'gsf] ;f6f] ;:tf] / ;'gh:t} b]lvg] hnk nufOPsf uxgf nufpg] ;f]rfO agfP/ l8NnLahf/l:yt 6«]8 Kofn];df r'/f, 6k / l;qmL lsGb} u/]sL dL/fn] sflGtk'/;"usf] s'/fsfgLdf elgg\– …8]9 tf]nfsf] ;'gsf] l;qmL x/fPkl5 dx+uf] ;'gsf] uxgf nfpg dg nfu]g .Ú

5 dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Ddsf] jf/]G6L /x]sf o:tf uxgf jf/]G6L cjlweGbf klxnf kfln; uPdf To;sf] ;6\6f gof" uxgf lbg] jf kfln; nufOlbg] laqm]tfn] atfP . htg u/]/ nufPdf o:tf uxgf 8]9÷b'O{ jif{;Dd rNg] pgLx?sf] bfjL 5 .

clwsf+z o:tf uxgf ljb]zaf6 cfot ul/P klg s;}n] :jb]zd} pTkfbg u/]/ laqmL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;'gsf n]kg nufOPsf uxgf cfkm} lgdf{0f ug]{ g]kfnsf] klxnf] / Ps dfq k;nsf ?kdf 6«]8 Kofn];n] bfaL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;/fkm eG5g\– xfdLn] eQmk'/ / kf6gsf sflnu8nfO{ l8hfOg lbP/ uxgf agfpg nufp"5f}+ . Joj;foLsf cg';f/ kmnfd, tfdf, lktnh:tf wft'df ;'gsf hnk nufP/ uxgf tof/ ul/G5 . o:tf uxgfdf !* Sof/]6b]lv @$ Sof/]6;Dd
;'gsf] kfln; nufOg] ;/fkmn] hfgsf/L lbP .

lbg k|ltlbg cfsl;+b} uPsf] d"Nosf sf/0f ;'Gg lsGg g;Sg]x?nfO{ o:tf uxgf ljsNk ag]sf] Jofkf/Lx? atfp"5g\ . ;'gdf vr{ ug]{ k};f a}+sdf /fv]/ Aofh k|fKt ug{ rfx]sfn] klg ;:tf uxgf lsGg] lg0f{o u/]sf] pkef]Qmfx? atfp"5g\ .

cfly{s cefjdf uxgf nufpgaf6 jl~rt lgDg cfly{s cj:yf ePsf dlxnfsf nflu t emg} k|efjsf/L ag]sf 5g\ oL uxgf . …rf8kj{df dfOtL hf"bf klg lbbLa}gL uxgfn] emkSs 9flsP/ cfpg], t/ d rfxL+ To;} hf"bf cfkm}nfO{ cK7]/f] nfUYof]Ú, ;'gsf] n]kg nufOPsf r'/f / g]Sn]; lsg]/ kms{+b} u/]sL wflbªsL yddfof tfdfªn] elgg\– oL uxgfn] d]/f] ;d:of k"/f ul/lbPsf] 5 .

nfdf] ;do;Dd Pp6} l8hfOgsf uxgf nufpg grfxg] dlxnfsf nflu klg o:tf uxgf pko'Qm ePsf] laqm]tfsf] bfaL 5– ;:tf]df eg]h:tf] uxgf lsGg kfOg] ePsfn] km]l/ km]l/ uxgf nufpg] ;f}v k"/f ug{ ;S5g\ .

xfn clw/fHoe/ o;vfn] uxgf k;n ;+Vof / sf/f]af/ /sdaf/] s'g} tYof+s 5}g . d'n'sdf jflif{s gf} ca{ ?k}of" a/fa/sf] ;'g vkt x'g] u5{ .

lgof{t k|j4{gsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd Nofpg dxf;+3sf] cfu|x

sflGtk'/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+, ( df3– g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3n] cfly{s cWofb]z / cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmdn] lgof{t k|j4{gsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd gcfPsfn] lgof{t jif{ @))@ ;kmn x'g sl7g b]lvPsf] atfPsf] 5 .

o;sf nflu lghL IF]qn] ljutdf ;/sf/nfO{ lb+b} cfPsf] ;'emfj a]jf:tf ul/Psf] u'gf;f] ub}{ dxf;+3n] lgof{t jif{nfO{ pknlAwk"0f{ agfpg o; IF]qsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] /0fgLlt tof/ ug'{kg]{ atfPsf] 5 . cfly{s ;'wf/ sfo{qmd– @)%( / cfly{s cWofb]zn] lgof{t k|j4{gsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd gNofOPsf]df ;Gtf]if k|s6 ub}{ dxf;+3n] ;x'lnot k|bfg ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 .

dxf;+3sf sfo{afxs cWoIf ljgf]baxfb'/ >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf a'waf/ a;]sf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] a}7sn] pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ If]qsf] k|j4{g Pj+ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ljleGg dGqfno wfpg' kg]{ kl/kf6L x6fO{ Ps} 7fp"df oL ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg dfu u/]sf] 5 .

laxLaf/ k|sflzt lj1lKtcg';f/ lgof{tstf{sf] dgf]an tyf xf};nf a9fpg ;j} k|lqmofx? Pp6} 5fgfd'lg /fVg;lsg] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{, cfos/ P]g, @)%* nfu" x'g'cl3sf] Joj:yf ;/x lgof{tstf{n] lgof{t laGb'd} lgof{t /sdsf] ) bzdna &% k|ltzt;Dd /sd a'emfO{ cfos/ kmf/s ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;/sf/;"u dfu ul/Psf] 5 .

a}7sn] zflGt ;'/Iff zL3| axfnL u/L cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg'kg]{, pBf]u k'g?Tyfg nufot ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu tTsfn sbd rfNg'kg]{, cfly{s s"6gLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf cl3 a9fpg'kg]{, ag:klt l3p lgsf;Ldf b]lvPsf ;d:of tTsfn ;'Nemfpg' kg]{ dfu ;/sf/;"u u/]sf] 5 . …lghL IF]qn] ;/sf/nfO{ ;3fPh:t} ;/sf/n] klg lghL IF]qsf] pTyfgsf nflu ;xof]u ug'{k5{Ú lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 .

:jb]zL ;fdfgsf] pkof]u ug]{ gLlt eP klg ;/sf/n] To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf Wofg glbPsf] cf/f]k dxf;+3n] nufPsf] 5 . kl/of]hgfx?sf nlfu ljb]zL ;fdfg cfoft ub{ /fh:j ltg'{ gkg]{ t/ lghL IF]qn] :b]zL a:t' pknAw u/fp"bf ;a} lsl;dsf /fh:j ltg'{ kbf{ :jb]zL pBf]u b'?T;flxt ePsf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . a}7sn] cfos/ P]gdf ;d;fdlos ;'wf/ ug{ ;d]t cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] .

cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;doa4 ?kdf :ki6 ;f]r;lxt cl3 a9\g dxf;+3nfO{ lghL If]qsf] ;zQm ;+:yfsf ?kdf cl3 a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf klg cf}+NofOPsf] lyof] .

cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df ;'gsf] d"No pRr j[l4

sf7df8f}+, ( df3 -sf;_– cd]l/sfn] O/fsdfly sf/afxL ug{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] ltlysf] k"j{;GWofdf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df ;'gsf] d"Nodf j[l4 ePkl5 :yfgLo ahf/df klg o;sf] d"No pRr ePsf] 5 .

:yfgLo ahf/df laxLaf/ 5fkfjfn ;'gsf] d"No k|ltbz u|fd ( xhf/ ! ;o (% ?k}of" k'u]sf] 5 . of] xfn;Ddsf] ;aeGbf a9L xf] . a'waf/ 5fkfjfn ;'gsf] d"No k|ltbz u|fd ( xhf/ () ?k}of" k'u]sf] lyof] . Ps} lbgdf k|ltbz u|fd ! ;o % ?k}of" a9]/ ;'gsf] d"No of] laGb'df k'u]sf] xf] .

o;cl3 @)%@ ;fn df3sf] clGtd ;ftf ;'gsf] d"No ;a}eGbf a9L k|ltbz u|fd ( xhf/ $% ?k}of" k'u]sf] lyof] . cGt/f{li6«o ahf/sf] k|ToIf c;/n] :yfgLo ahf/df ;'gsf] pRr d"Noj[l4 ePsf] xf] .

a'waf/ k|ltcf}+; # ;o %( bzdnj $) cd]l/sL 8n/df sf/f]af/ ePsf] ;'gsf] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ laxLaf/ # ;o ^# bzdnj $) 8n/df sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df ;d]t of] ;jf{lws pRr laGb'sf] d"Noj[l4 xf] .

;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfn] O/fsdfly -hgj/L @&_ z'qmaf/ kl5 cfqmd0f ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsfn] ljZj ahf/df ;'gsf] cfk"lt{ sd x'g yfn]sf] lyof] . O/fsn] s'j]tdfly cfqmd0f u/]kl5 pm;"u cf0fljs xltof/ ePsf] cleof]u cd]l/sfn] nufp"b} cfPsf] 5 . of] cleof]unfO{ O/fsL /fi6«klt ;2fd x';]gn] c:jLsf/ ub}{ cfPsf lyP .

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\n] xltof/ lg/LIf0fsf nflu /fi6«;+3Lo 6f]nLnfO{ v6fPsf] lyof] . pQm 6f]nLn] @& hgj/Ldf cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df cd]l/sfn] O/fsdfly cfqmd0f ug]{ ljrf/ cd]l/sL /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a';n] ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 .

cd]l/sL /fi6«kltsf] lg0f{ok|lt ;+o'Qm clw/fHon] ;d]t ;dy{g hgfPkl5 ljZj ahf/df ;'gsf] d"Nodf j[l4 x'g yfn]sf] lyof] . emG8} b'O{ dlxgfb]lv O/fs–cd]l/sfaLr tgfj a9\g yfn]kl5 cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df ;'gsf] d"Nodf j[l4 ePsf] lyof] .

jfo' ;]jf Joj:yfkgdf o'/f]k]nL o'lgogn] ;3fpg]

sflGtk'/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+, ( df3– o'/f]k]nL o'lgogn] g]kfnsf] jfo' ;]jf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ ePsf] 5 . xjfO{ ;'/IFfsf nflu ljZje/ ;'? ul/Psf] ;ts{tf / Ifdtf lj:tf/cGtu{t pQm ;xof]u cfpg nfu]sf] xf] .

d'n'ssf] cfjZostfcg'?k ;xof]u ul/g] ePsfn] kl/df0f / If]q eg] Plsg gePsf] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 . jfo' ;]jf Joj:yfkgsf nflu dfgjLo ;+zfwgsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] x'"bf ;'?df ;dofg's"n k|lzIf0fsf nflu cfu|x ul/Psf] ;Da4 clwsf/Lx?n] atfP .

o;} l;nl;nfdf g]kfnsf] p8\8og Joj:yfkgsf] ljBdfg cj:yf / ;'wf/sf If]q klxNofpg o'/f]k]nL o'lgogaf6 lj1x?sf] cWoog 6f]nL ;f]daf/ sf7df8f}+ cfPsf] 5 . 6f]nLn] Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f]n k|0ffnL, ljdfg:yn Joj:yfkg, jfo' ;]jf Joj:yfkg nufot IF]qsf] lj:t[t cWoog u/]sf] lyof] .

s]xL dlxgfleq g]kfnsf] oyfy{ l:ylt / cfjZostf ;lDdlnt lj:t[t k|ltj]bg pQm 6f]nLn] agfpg] hfgsf/L k|flws/0fsf dxflgb]{zs pk]Gb|k|;fb lwtfnn] lbg'eof] .

k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf 6f]nLn] lbPsf] klg pxf"n] atfpg'eof] . k|flws/0fdf cGo cfjZos Ifdtf pknAw eP klg dfgjLo ;+zfwgsf] If]qdf yk Ifdtf lj:tf/ cfjZos ePsf] hfgsf/L pQm 6f]nLnfO{ u/fPsf] klg lwtfnn] atfpg'eof] .

…oxf"sf] a:t'ut cj:yf cWoog u/L pgLx? kms]{sf 5g\, k|ltj]bg cfPkl5 ;xof]usf If]q lgwf{/0f x'g] 5– pxf"n] eGg'eof]– …xfdLn] ;'?df hgzlQm ljsf;df ;xof]u cfjZos ePsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5f}+ .Ú

o'/f]k]nL o'lgog / Pl;ofsf] gful/s p8\8og ;xof]u kl/of]hgfcGtu{t Pl;ofnL d'n'sx?sf] p8\8og Ifdtf lj:tf/df ;xof]u ug]{ sfo{qmdcg'?k pQm 6f]nL g]kfn cfPsf] xf] . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] o'udf ;+;f/sf ;a} d'n'saLr lgs6 ;Dks{ sfod eO/x]sf] 5 . o;df klg xjfO{ ;~hfn ;a} d'n'sdf km}lnPsf] 5 . hxfh p8\g] d'n's / uGtJojLr p8fg ;'/IFf / Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf cfjZostf x'g] dx;'; u/L o'/f]k]nL o'lgogn] Pl;ofdf ;xof]u ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .

xjfO{ Joj:yfkgsf b[li6n] Pl;ofsf sltko d'n'ssf] cj:yf ;'wfg'{kg]{ esfn] klg of] cleofg rflnPsf] 6f]nLsf clwsf/Lx?n] atfPsf lyP . p8\8ogcGtu{t ljleGg If]qsf lj1x? / kl/of]hgf Joj:yfks u/L & ;b:o pQm 6f]nLdf ;lDdlnt lyP .

blIf0f Pl;ofsf a+unfb]z, e'6fg, dflNbE;, kfls:tfg, >Ln+sf / blIf0f k"jL{ Pl;ofsf a'|gfO{, sDaf]l8of, OG8f]g]l;of, nfcf];, dn]l;of, lkmlnlkG;, l;+ufk'/, yfONofG8 / leotgfd pQm kl/of]hfaf6 nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ . oL dWo] 5 d'n's;"u eg] ;xof]usf nflu ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 eg] af"sL d'n's;"u klg l56} ul/g] of]hgf /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

k|flws/0fsf pkdxflgb]{zs /fh]z/fh bnLn] pQm 6f]nLn] k|ltj]bg a'emfPkl5 ;xof]u ;Demf}tf x'g] atfpg'eof] . …Ps jif{leq sfd ;'? x'g] ck]Iff 5Ú bnLn] sflGtk'/nfO{ eGg'eof] .

c;'/Iffn] klZrdsf] vfBfGg Jofkf/df dGbL

h]= kf08]

af"s], ( df3– cfGtl/s c;'/Iffn] d'n'ssf] klZrdL Jofkfl/s s]Gb| g]kfnuGhsf] vfBfGg Jofkf/df dGbL cfPsf] 5 .

lx+;fTds ultljlwn] dWoklZrdsf] kxf8L lhNnfsf afl;Gbf ef/t k|j]z u/]kl5 vfBfGgsf] cfGtl/s vkt gx'"bf sf/f]af/df dGbL cfPsf] xf] . o:t} ;'/Iffsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ dWokxf8L If]qsf sltko lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] vfBfGg 9'jfgLdf /f]s nufPsfn] klg o;sf] sf/f]af/df sdL cfPsf] xf] .

jflif{s pTkfbgsf] $) k|ltzt vfBFGg vkt x'g] dWoklZrdsf pQ/L lhNnfdf of] ;do vfBfGgsf] dfu 36]sf] 5 . dlxgfdf $) 6«seGbf a9L rfdn k7fp"b} cfPsf vfBfGg pBf]ux?n] of] ;ftf Ps 6«s rfdn;d]t gk7fPsf] atfPsf 5g\ .

ut jif{ of] ;dodf Ps hgf Jofkf/Ln] sDtLdf !) 6«s rfdn laqmLsf nflu nUy] . jflif{s !@ xhf/ SjLG6n rfdn kxf8L lhNnfdf k7fp"b} cfPsf] gGbgL vfB pBf]usf Dofg]h/ dfgaxfb'/ a]njf;]n] cfk"lt{ x'g 5f8]kl5 sf/f]af/df dGbL cfPsf] atfP . pgn] …dlxgfdf !) 6«s rfdn n}hfg] Jofkf/Ln] clxn] dlxgfdf Ps 6«s rfdn klg gnu]sf] atfP .

dfcf]jfbL k|efljt dWoklZrdsf s}of}+ ufp" clxn] ;'g;fg ag]sf 5g\ . lat]sf # dlxgfdf o; IF]qdf emG8} @ nfv afl;Gbf ef/t k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ . vfBfGg Jofkf/Ln] vfg] dflg; g} 5}gg\, sxf" nu]/ a]Rg] < eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . Dofg]h/ a]njf;]n] eg]– xfdLnfO{ nfut p7fpg ufx|f] k/]sf] 5 . o:t} ljleGg lhNnfsf :yfgLo k|zf;gn] l;kmfl/;lagf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;d]t vfBfGg 9'jfgLdf /f]s nufPsf] 5 .

lj:yflkt x'g]sf] ;+Vof j[l4 eO/x]sf] ;dodf kxf8L lhNnfsf :yfgLo k|zf;gn] ;d]t Jofkf/Ldflysf] c+s'z x6fPsf 5}gg\ . k|zf;gn] Ifdtfcg';f/ vfBfGg lgof{tdf c+s'z nufO/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] vfBfGg k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] cfz+sfn] nufOPsf] c+s'zsf sf/0f vfBfGg k7fpg ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g .

klZrd g]kfndf ;a}eGbf a9L vfBfGgsf] sf/f]af/ af"s] lhNnfaf6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf !% eGbf a9L 7"nf cfw'lgs vfB pBf]u 5g\ . cGo ;fgf pBf]u;lxt wfg rfdnsf sl/a %) pBf]u ;+rflnt 5g\ .

:yfgLo pBf]usf] sf/f]af/ /fKtL / e]/Lsf kxf8L lhNnfdf x'g] u/]tf klg of] dlxgf;Dd ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf sf/f]af/ x'g g;s]sf] Jofkf/Ln] atfPsf 5g\ . @ dlxgfcl3 bfª, ;Nofg, Ko"7fg / ;'v{]tsf s]xL Jofkf/L rfdn vl/b ug{ cfPsf lyP . To;kl5 sf]xL cfPsf 5}gg\ .

dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLsf sf/0f pTkGg c;'/Iffn] kxf8L lhNnfsf pkef]Qmf lj:yflkt ePkl5 vfBfGg sf/f]af/df of] jif{ cem} dGbL cfpg] ;+efjgf 5 . e]/L c~rn vfB ;+:yfg g]kfnuGhsf k|d'vn] dflg; lj:yflkt ePsf] x'"bf rfdn laqmLsf] rfk 36L klxn]eGbf dfu sd ePsf] atfP .

dx+uf] efpdf wfg vl/b u/]sf vfBfGg pBf]un] ;f]xL sf/0fn] ;ftf;Dd %) s/f]8sf] rfdn a]Rg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . uf]bfddf rfdn /fv]sf pBf]u ca s] ug{] eGg] ;+s6n] bf]wf/df k/]sf 5g\ .

/fhwfgL nufot, e}/xjf, a'6jn, jL/uGh h:tf 7fp"df ef/taf6 ;:tf] b/df lelqPsf] rfdnn] ahf/ lnPsf] k"jL{ IF]qdf oxf"af6 rfdn k7fp"bf 3f6f vfg'kg{] g]kfnuGh pBf]u Jofkf/ ;+3sf ;b:o tyf vfBfGg Jofkf/L ;'gLn zdf{n] atfP . ;/sf/n] dWoklZrdsf kxf8L lhNnfdf nufp"b} cfPsf] vfBfGg lgof{tdflysf] c+s'z x6fPdf clxn]sf] dGbLdf sdL cfpg] wf/0ff pgsf] 5 .

;f]8fsf] cefjdf g]kfnL xft] sfuh aGb

sflGtk'/ ;dfrf/bftf

km'ªlnª -tfKn]h'ª_, ( df3– sRrf kbfy{ nf]Qmfsf] cefjdf aGb x'g] l:yltdf k'u]sf :yfgLo g]kfnL xft] sfuh pBf]u sfli6s ;f]8fdf ;'/Iff lgsfon] nufPsf] /f]sn] emg} ;+s6df k/]sf 5g\ .

lhNnfsf ljs6 If]qx?df :yflkt o:tf pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg{] sfli6s ;f]8f dfcf]jfbLn] ljikmf]6s kbfy{ agfpg k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] cf+zsfdf ;'/Iff lgsfon] cf];f/–k;f/df /f]s nufPsf] xf] .

d]rL /fhdfu{ x"'b} NofOg] of] sRrf kbfy{sf] ;+s6sfn nfu]kl5 cf];f/–k;f/df /f]s nufOPsf] pBdLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . sfnLvf]nf uflj;df pBf]u :yfkgf u/]sf Ps pBdLn] klxn] rfdnsf] af]/f cyjf o:t} cGo ;fdfgdf n'sfP/ ;f]8f Nofpg] u/] klg ;+s6sfnkl5 7fp" 7fp"df ;'/Iff lgsfosf] a9\bf] hf"rn] Nofpg ;+ej gePsf] atfP .

pgn] ;f]8f gePkl5 xfn pBf]u aGb ePsf] u'gf;f] u/] .

pBdLnfO{ :yfgLo k|zf;gn] ;f]8f Nofpg lbg] jftfj/0f agfpg kxn ug'{kg{] dfu pgsf] lyof] . kxf8L If]qdf kfOg] jg:kltsf] af]qmfaf6 3/fo;L ?kdf tof/ kfl/g] of] sfuh sL/fn] gvfg]/ w]/} ;do;Dd l6Sg] ePsfn] ;/sf/L sfdsfhdf k|of]u x'"b} cfPsf] 5 .

o;afx]s cd]l/sf, hfkfg, hd{g, a]nfoth:tf d'n'sdf klg of] sfuh lgof{t x"'b} cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo pBdLx?n] ;f]8f lemsfpg k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ cg'/f]w ubf{ klg a]jf:tf u/]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; clws[t hLjgfy bfxfnn] ;/sf/n] vl/b ug{] jf pBdLnfO{ cg'dlt lbg] Joj:yf gu/];Dd o:tf pBf]u rNg g;Sg] atfpg'eof] .

ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ;dGjodf hf]8

sflGtk'/ ;dfrf/bftf

Onfd, ( df3– lhNnfdf ko{6g If]q ljsf;sf nflu 5'§f5'§} lgsfoaf6 cfkm"v'zL sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/+bf k|efjsf/L gePsf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .

cfufdL lbgdf ko{6g ljsf;sf] sfo{qmd ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;"u clgjfo{?kdf ;dGjo ug'{kg{] ;xdlt Ps sfo{qmddf ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} lhlj;cGtu{t ko{6g ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ d'Vo lgsfosf] ?kdf ;lqmo kfl/g] ePsf] 5 .

o;cl3 ko{6gsf] IF]qdf ePsf] sfd / vlr{Psf] ah]6 ;dGjos} cefjdf plrt k|of]u x'g g;Sbf ck]lIft pknlAw ;d]t xfl;n x'g g;s]sf] tkm{ Wofg glbO{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ;+3–;+:yfsf k|ltlglwn] ca ;a} lsl;dsf sfo{qmd PsLs[t?kdf ug'{kg{]df hf]8 lbPsf x'g\ .

sfo{qmddf pkk|fWofks o'4k|;fb j}Bn] :yfgLo cfjZostfnfO{ Vofn ub{} ;dGjo x'g ;s]df dfq ;f]r]h:tf] pknlAw x'g] atfpg'eof] .

lhNnfsf] ko{6sLo ljsf;sf nflu ;+rflnt sfd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf @)%( n] lglb{i6 u/]sf] nIonfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ th'{df ul/g'kg{]df klg ;xefuL lj1x?n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L uf]kfnhL >]i7n] oltGh]n lhNnfsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ePsf sfo{qmd ;dGjos} cefjdf nfebfoL x'g g;s]sf]nfO{ Wofg lbP/ ca ;a} sfo{qmd PsLs[t?kdf ;+rfng ul/g] k|lta4tf JoQm ug'{eof] . o;}u/L cfufdL gof" jif{sf] klxnf] lbgb]lv tLg lbg;Dd dgfOg nfu]sf] Onfd dxf]T;j pknlAwk"0f{ tl/sfn] ;DkGg ug{]af/] klg sfo{qmddf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .