g]kfnL sf+u|];, ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng, ;+ljwfg / cEof;

gLnfDa/ cfrfo{

g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] gof" cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L ug]{ lg0f{o lnPsf] 5 . k|ltlglw;ef Ao'"emfP/ ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn kfg{], hgk|e';Qf k'g:yf{lkt ug{ ;]gfnfO{ ;+;b\sf] cwLgdf Nofpg], >L % pkflwnfO{ tLghgfdf ;Lldt ug]{, pQ/flwsf/;DaGwL sfg'g ;+;b\n] agfpg], /fhb/af/ ultljlwnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg] nIo cfGbf]ngsf] /xg] atfOG5 . ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn kfg]{ afx]s cGo nIox? hlt qmflGtsf/L ;'lgP klg hgtf g} p7\g'kg]{ / cfGbf]ng ug'{kg]{ rl/qsf 5}gg\ . s]xL s'/f k|wfgdGqLn] g} ug{ ;Sg] / s]xL ;+;b\af6 ug{ ;lsg] rl/qsf 5g\ . t/ nfdf] ;do;Dd zf;gdf /x]sf] kf6L{sf g]tf Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] c;f]htGq ;'? ePotf oL dfux? af/Daf/ p7fPsf]n] lognfO{ ulxl/P/ x]g'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

o;/L x]bf{ ljutdf xfd|f] lnlvt ;+ljwfg / ;+j}wflgs cEof;aLr km/s /x]sf], k|wfgdGqL, dlGqkl/Èb\, ;'/Ôfkl/Èb\, ;+j}wflgs kl/Èb\ / ;+;b\n] sltko cj:yfdf cfÎgf] clwsf/ cfkm}+n] k|of]u gu/L b/af/nfO{ ;'Dkg] u/]sf] jf clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ rfxgf g/fv]sf] jf cf"6 ug{ g;s]sf] cfz+sfn] k'li6 kfPsf] b]lvG5 . lgjf{lrt lgsfox?sf clwsf/x? b/af/ ;b}{ hfglbg] jf b/af/nfO{ ?lrs/ x'"b}g eGg] cfz+sfn] k|of]u g} gul/g] k|j[lQ ljBdfg /x]sf] k[i7e"ldn] c;f]htGqsf nflu ef]s a9fOlbPsf]] b]vfkb{5 . c;f]hsf] ;Qf kl/jt{gcl3 sf+u|];leq oL dfux? p7fpg] :j/x?nfO{ lul/hfafa'n] xtf]T:FFlxt ug]{ u/]sf] t/ c;f]h 36gfkZrft\ cfkm}+ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf p7fp"b} cfPsf] tYon] o:tf] lgisÈ{nfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . o;n]] xfd|f lgjf{lrt lgsfox? ;+ljwfgn] clwsf/ lb"b}df clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Ôd gx'g] /x]5g\ eGg] tYonfO{ b]vfp"b5 . oxf" ljjfb lnlvt ;+ljwfgeGbf clnlvt cEof;df b]vfkb{5 . o;sf] cf}Èlw s] < k|i6 5, k|wfgdGqL x'"bf n8\g'kg]{ n8fO" e"tk"j{ k|wfgdGqLn] n8]/ nl8"b}g . ;fy} of] hl6n l:yltdf hgcfGbf]ng ;'? eof] eg] Tof] k"j{lgwf{l/t ;Ldfleq} /lx/xg] 5}g .

k|wfgdGqLn] n8\g] n8fO" k|wfgdGqLn] g} / ;+;b\n] n8\g] n8fO" ;+;b\n] g} n8\g'kb{5 . kf6L{n] n8\g] n8fO" kf6L{n] n8\g] xf] . To;f] xf] eg]dfq hgtfn] cfÏgf] n8fO" ;kmntfk"j{s n8\g] l:ylt lgdf{0f x'g ;Sb5 . c?x?sf] n8fO" hgtfn] n8]/ nl8"b}g, hgtfn] t To:tf hfoh n8fO"nfO{ ;fy lbg] / an k|bfg ug]{dfq xf] . oxf" t hgtfeGbf klg xfd|f lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL / ;+;b\nfO{ cfÎgf] clwsf/ / st{Jok|lt ;hu u/fpg'kg]{ tyf cfkm"df lglxt clwsf/sf] cEof; ug{ l;sfpg'kg]{ l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . of] s;/L ug]{ <

;]gf ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf g/x]sf] dfGg ;lsg] ;+j}wflgs l:ylt 5}g . Psl5gnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] klg c;f]h !* ut] lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;QfRo't u/L /fhsLo ;Qf Pj+ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /fhfaf6 cfÏgf] xftdf ln"bf ;}Goan k|of]u u/]/ xf]Og klxn] g} /]s8{ ul/Psf] / k|;f/0f ul/g] k"j{;"rgf lbOPsf] zfxL 3f]È0ffsf] Sof;]6 ahfP/ lnOPsf] lyof] . g]kfn 6]lnlehg klg b/af/sf] dftxt lyPg / /]l8of] g]kfn klg . lrnLdf /fi6«klt ;Nef8f]/ cfoG8]n] ;]gfsf] uf]nLsf] ;fdgf u/]/ Hofg ck{0f u/]sf lyP t/ hgtfsf] w/f]x/ ;dk{0f ug{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . xfdL eg] df}s}df s'g} k|lt/f]w ub}{gf}+, kl5 s/fpg yfN5f}+ . Sof;]6 ;fd'dfq xf]Og, dgsf] af3af6} t;]{/ To;}–To;} kfOnf–kfOnfdf hgtfsf] w/f]x/ ;'Dk"b} hfG5f}+ . o;sf] cf}Èlw s] <

k|ltlglw;ef lj36g x'"bf cbfnt bu'g{] lj3l6t ;f+;bx? k|hftGq g} lj36g x'"bf Pp6f ;fwf/0f jStJo lgsfNg a}7ssf] cfof]hgf ub}{gg\ . k|ltlglw;ef Ao'"emg'kb{5 eg]/ ltgn] dfu ug'{kg]{ xf]Og / † k|ltlglw;ef lj36g x'"bf g} r'gfj x'g g;Sg] cfz+sf ul/Psf] lyof] . r'gfj ePg eg] k|ltlglw;ef Ao'"emg'kb{5 eGg] s'/f d}n] klxnf]k6s To;} a]nf k|ltlglw;ef lj36g ePsf] s]xL lbgkl5 h]7 @) ut] cfof]lht Ps uf]i7Ldf p7fPsf] lyP" . c;f]h kZrft\ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] of] dfu u/]sf] 5 . t/ lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf ;f+;bx?sf] ;fd"lxs cfjfh cBflk ;'lgPsf] 5}g . ltgsf] clwsf/sf] s'/f xf] eg] ltgLx?n] klg ;fd"lxs cfjfh p7fpg'kg]{ xf]Og / † s] lxhf]sf lgjf{lrt ;/sf/x? / k|ltlglw;efh:t} ef]lnsf] k|ltlglw;efnfO{ / To;af6 aGg] ;/sf/nfO{ klg ;+3if{ ug}{ g;Sg] rl/qsf] agfP/ k|hftGq alnof] xf]nf † ;+ljwfgn] k|ltlglw;ef / k|wfgdGqLnfO{ bf"t;Dd k|bfg ug]{ xf] . ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] bf"tsf] pkof]u klg ;+ljwfgn] g} ul/b]cf];\ eGg] cfzf ug{ ;'xfp"b}g, cf–cfÏgf bf"tsf] pkof]u k|wfgdGqL / k|ltlglw;ef cfkm"–cfkm"n] g} ug'{kb{5 . ltgnfO{ o;f] ug{ ;Sg] s;/L agfpg] <

s'/f ;+ljwfgsf] dfq xf]Og, s'/f xfd|f] cfr/0fsf] xf], xfdLn] ug]{ cEof; / Jojxf/sf] xf] . ;+ljwfgdf t xfdLn] kl/jt{g Nofp"nf t/ TolQn] xfd|f] cfr/0f gkm]l/g] /x]5 . b/af/sf] cfr/0f, ;/sf/sf] cfr/0f, ;+;b\sf] cfr/0f, ;+ljwfgdf :yfg kfPsf /fhgLlts kf6L{ nufot cGo lgsfox?sf] cfr/0fdf k|hftGqsf] :yfloTjsf nflu rflxg]hlt kl/jt{g s;/L Nofpg] eGg]lt/ Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 . k~rfotL jf ;fdGtL ;+:sf/ af]s]/ k|hftflGqs cfr/0fsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;ls"b}g, cfÏgf k|hftflGqs clwsf/sf] cEof; ug{ ;ls"b}g .

xfdL ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq eGb5f}+ . o;nfO{ xfdLn] /fhb/af/n] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;du| ?kdf / To;sf] k|To]s wf/fnfO{ k[ys\ ?kdf klg kfng ug'kg]{ cy{df lng] u/]sf 5f}+ . Tof] ;xL klg xf] t/ Toltdfq kof{Kt 5}g . xfdL ;+j}wflgs ;jf]{Rrtfsf] k4lt eGb5f}+ / o;nfO{ /fhfb]lv lnP/ /fHosf ;a} lgsfox? ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xg'kg]{ cy{df xfdLn] lng] u/]sf 5f}+ . of] 7Ls klg xf] t/ kof{Kt xf]Og . of] kof{Kt x'"bf] xf] t ;+ljwfgd} l5b| vf]h]/ jf cfljisf/ u/]/ xfd|f] /fhgLlts cfr/0fsf] kyk|bz{ssf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfsf] efjgf egL kl/eflÈt ePsf] k|hftflGqs d"Nodfly k|xf/ ul/g] sfo{x? ljleGg lgsfox?af6 ljleGg ;dodf x'g] lyPgg\ . ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf cfpg' kof{Kt 5}g, k|hftGqsf] cwLgdf cfpg'kb{5 . k|hftflGqs d"No / dfGotfaf6 lgb]{lzt cfr/0f ug'{kb{5 . k|hftGqnfO{ d"No;/x x]g{ ;Sg'kb{5, ;xh :jfefljs cfr/0f;/x Jojxf/ ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . /fi6«k|d'v Pj+ /fh;+:yf k|d'vnfO{ nfUof] ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] cEof;nfO{ an k'¥ofpg] sfd pxf"sf] / /fhb/af/sf] x'"b} xf]Og . g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ nfUof] /fhfnfO{ dfq xf]Og d'n'snfO{ g} k|hftflGqs dfGotfdf Nofpg] sfd l;l4Psf] 5 . ljleGg Ô]qaf6 k|hftGqnfO{ pkof]u ug{dfq vf]lhof] . pkof]usf] xf]8afhLdf d'n'ssf] a9\bf] ;+s6 / lx+;fsf] ulxl/"bf] kL8fsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;d]t pkof]u ul/of] . clxn] /fhf / sf+u|];aLr d'7e]8 a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kmf"6df zlStzfnL /fhgLlts kf6L{x?dWo] g]kfnL sf+u|];dfq o:tf] kf6L{ xf], h;n] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ cfÏgf] d"No / ljZjf; atfp"b} cfPsf] lyof] . /Stkftk"0f{ hgo'4 ;~rfng u/]sf dfcf]jfbLx?n] u0ftGqnfO{ tfTsflns sfo{;"rL agfPsf 5g\ . cGo sDo'lg:6x?n] u0ftGqnfO{ tfTsflns sfo{;"rLdf g/fv] tfklg o;nfO{ ;}4flGts b"/Lsf] nIo dfg]sf 5g\ . zfxL ;Qfu|x0f kZrft\ g]kfnL sf+u|];leq klg u0ftGqjfbL ljrf/ 3'dlkm/ ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf kf6L{x?sf] zlStsf] cjd"Nof+sg ug]{ Jojxf/n] ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] cl:tTjsf] n8fO"sf] lglDt klg cfGbf]ngdf hfg}kg]{ agfOlbPsf] 5 .

g]kfnL sf+u]|;l;t cfÏgf] zlSt hf]ufpg], a9fpg] / b]vfpg] csf]{ plrt ljsNk 5}g . cfkm"nfO{ hgtfn] k|ltlglw;efdf :ki6 ax'dt lbPsf] cj:yfdf cj?4 ePsf] k|hftflGqs ;+j}wflgs kl/kf6LnfO{ p;sf] :jfefljs af6f]df k'g:yf{lkt u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L klg p;dfly 5 . k6s–k6s g]kfnL hgtfn] p;nfO{ kTofPsf 5g\ / x/]sk6s p;s} xftaf6 k|hftGq vf]l;Psf] 5 . lsg p;n] k|hftGqsf] /Iff ug{ ;s]g eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg Psflt/ p;n] cfkm\gf] j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts, ;+u7gfTds / sfo{stf{sf] gLlt / ljut cfwf ztfAbLsf] cfÏgf cEof;sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . csf]{lt/ ax'bnLo k|hftGqnfO{ alnof] hudf k'gM pEofpg] pkfo klg p;n] cjnDag ug}{kg]{ ePsf] 5 .

Pp6f lhDd]jf/ kf6L{ k|hftGqsf] Ifltdf b'Mvdgfp u/]/, qmf]w k|bz{g u/]/ jf bf]if k/f/f]k0f u/]/ dfq a:g ;Sb}g . pm sd{kydf cu|;/ x'g}kb{5 . sf+u|]; o:tf] kf6L{ xf], hf] /fhgLlts /+ud~rdf hgtfsf] cu|0fL zlStsf] ?kdf /x]sf] lyof], t/ ca p;n] cfkm\gf] zlSt / k|efj lg/Gt/ v:s"b} uPsf] cg'ej ug'{k/]sf] 5 . zlSt k|bz{gsf] /+ud~rdf Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL klg cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . c;f]htGqn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs dfGotfljk/Lt /fhfnfO{ klg zlSt k|bz{gdf pEofPsf] 5 . /fhfn] k|hftflGqs dfGotfnfO{ dgn] ljZjf;, jrgn] k|lta4tf / sd{n] ;Dk'li6 ug'{kb{5 eGg] ck]×Ôf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] /fVg' :jfefljs 5, lsgeg] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] dfGotf sdhf]/ kg{ uof] eg] o;sf] kÔw/ zlStsf] ?kdf p;sf] k|f;+lustf klg sdhf]/ eP/ hfg]5 . o;} klg sf+u|];n] cf]u6]sf] /fhgLlts :yfgnfO{ sDo'lg:6x?n] lg/Gt/ ;f"3'/f] kfb}{ NofPsf 5g\ . o;} klg sf+u|]; k'/fgf] kf6L{sf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5, h;nfO{ ;}4flGts, /fhgLlts, ;+u7gfTds / g}lts ?kn] gjLs[t ug{ l9nf eO;s]sf] 5 . k'gM g ;+3È{ g ;dk{0fsf] gLltsf] cjnDag p;sf nflu pko'St x'g] lyPg .

hgdt ;+u|xsf] kl/0ffd cfpg' cl3;Dd 7f8f] ?kdf / @)#& ;fnb]lv @)$% ;fn;Dd s]xL ;f]ro'St :j/df g]kfnL sf+u|]; PSn} lx"8]/ k|hftGq k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ s'/f ub{Yof] . /fhf afx]s pm s;};"u d]nldnfk ug{ tof/ lyPg . pm s;};"u /fhgLlts d~r af"8r'"8 ug{ tof/ lyPg . sDo'lg:6x?l;t ldn]/ cfGbf]ng ug]{ s'/f p;sf nflu :jLsfo{ lyPg . of] s'/f aLkL sf]O/fnf, u0f]zdfg l;+x, s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{l;t To; a]nfsf e]6jftf{af6 d}n] klg k|ToÔ cg'ej u/]sf] lyP" . csf]{lt/ a9\bf] sDo'lg:6 zlStsf] ;fd' /fhfn] pml;t d]nldnfksf kfOnf rflnxfN5g\ ls eGg] cfzf lyof] . oxL cfzfdf pm /fhfsf sbdx?sf] hlt lj/f]w u/] tfklg sDo'lg:6x?;"u d]nldnfk ug{ tof/ lyPg . oxL cfzfn] ubf{ pm sdhf]/ kb}{ hfgyfn]sf] lyof] / cGo zlStx?n] /fhgLlts /+ud~rdf 7fp" agfp"b} / km}nfp"b} cfPsf lyP . cflv/ …gem:s / gt;{Ú, …g ;+3È{ / g ;dk{0fsf]Ú l:yltaf6 lg:s]/ g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;+o'St jfddf]rf{l;t ;fem]bf/L ug{ tof/ eof] / k|hftGq k'gM:yfkgfsf] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng / @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ;Dej eof] . k|hftflGqs k|lqmof cj?4 ePsf] clxn]sf] ;dodf k'gM g]kfnL sf+u|]; / lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efdf /x]sf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x? ;+o'St cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L ug{ ;xdt ePsf] ;dfrf/ k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . sf+u|]; /fhfaf6 cfzf ub{5, t/ p;nfO{ sDo'lg:6l;t ;xsfo{ ug{ afWo x'g]u/L lg/fz kfl/G5 / pm ;+o'St cfGbf]ngdf ws]lnG5 . lxhf] klg oxL ePsf] lyof], cfh klg oxL x'"b}5 .

efO–efO km'6]sf 5g\ . ;ft jÈ{cl3 lx+;fTds cleofg ;'? ub{} h+un k;]sf] Ps efOn] ev{/} o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]È0ff t u/]sf] 5, t/ zflGt k|lqmofsf] sl7g / nfdf] k|lqmof af"sL g} 5 . c? efOx?n] c+z d'2f NofP/ x/]sn] Pp6} / pxL 3/dfly cfÏgf] clwsf/sf] bfaL ul//x]sf 5g\ . em}emu8fdf gnfu]/, d'2f gu/]/, ldn]/ a;]sf] eP /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . t/ d'2faf6 kmfObf p7fpg vf]Hb}, x]/ logLx? ;xdt x'g g;s]sf] eGb}, d'2f l5Gg'kg]{ JolStn] ;f] 3/ sAHFf ug{ eg] ldNb}g . h;sf] clwsf/ k'Ub5, p;sf] kÔdf km};nf ul/lbg'kb{5 . cfÏgf] :jfy{df d'2f nDAofpg' plrt x'"b}g . 3/ aG8fdf d'v gldn]sf efOx? 3/ /Ôfdf Psh'6 x'g ;Sb5g\ . o:tf] Psh'6tfsf] kxn ug'{ / d'n'ssf /fhgLlts ;d:ofx?sf] k|hftflGqs ;dfwfg vf]Hg' h]7f] ;b:osf] x}l;otn] sf+u|];sf] lhDd]jf/L klg xf] .

czflGtsf 3fpx?, ;+j}wflgs z"Gotf, /fhgLlts clglZrttf, cfly{s b'/fj:yf, vnalnPsf] ;'/Ôf, dfgjLo qf;bLsf] cj:yf x'"bfx'"b} klg o:tf] nfUb5 d'n's Oltxf;sf] gjn]vgsf] df]8df k'u]sf] 5 . lgdf{0ffwLg Oltxf; /fli6«o ;xdltaf6 n]lvg]5 jf /fli6«o d'7e]8af6 eGg] s'/fn] To;sf] :j?k lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] k|fyldstf /fli6«o ;xdlt xf] eGg] k|i6} 5 . t/ /fli6«o d'7e]8sf nflu zlSt kl/rfngsf] tof/Ldf klg pm nfu]sf] 5 . b'j} cj:yfdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cfGtl/s k'glg{df{0f / Pstf cfjZos 5 . cGoyf ca lgdf{0f x'g] Oltxf;sf] n]vgdf p;sf] x:tfÔ/ sdhf]/ kg{ hfg]5 .

dxflwj]zg, Pdfn] / /0faxfb'/sf] ;f+9]

;'wf lqkf7L

ef]ln df3 !* ut]b]lv @@ ut];Dd hgsk'/df Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zg ;DkGg x'"b}5 . b]zel/sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{sf k|ltlglwx¿ e]nf eP/ kf6L{sf] eljiosf] uf]/]6f] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ Toxf" x'g]5 . o; dxflwj]zg;"u PSsfdf gfl/Psf 3f]8fh:tf sfo{stf{sf] dfq xf]Og, Pdfn] kf6L{k|lt jkmfbf/ t/ g]t[Tj z}nL;"u c;Gt'i6 ;fdfGo g]kfnL hgtf / sfo{stf{ k+lQmsf] klg ck]Iff uf"l;Psf] 5 . c¿ af"sL g]kfnLn] klg o; dxflwj]zgnfO{ cfzfk"j{s x]/]sf 5g\ lsgeg] Pdfn] a]jf:tf ug{ vf]h]/ klg a]jf:tf ug{ ;lsg] kf6L{ xf]Og . t/ Tof] …jf:tfÚ sf] k|sl6s/0fsf] :j¿k eg] k[ys\ x'g] u5{, h;nfO{ Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tj k+lQmn] …ufnLÚ sf ¿kdf cYof{pg] u/]sf] 5 .

Pdfn] kf6L{df Psflt/ …dflyÚ af6 h] nflbP/ cfP klg cfkm\gf] ljj]ssf] k|of]u gu/L h:tfsf] t:t} :jLsfg]{x¿sf] afx'No 5 eg] csf{lt/ …dflyÚ af6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ cfkm\gf] a'l4 / ljj]ssf] t/fh'df tf}lnP/ :jLsf/ of c:jLsf/ ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof klg sd 5}g . bf];|f] lsl;dsf dflg;x¿ Pdfn]df k|foM …sfnf] ;"rLÚ leq k/]sf x'G5g\ tfklg pgLx¿nfO{ pQm ;"rLsf] eGbf kf6L{sf] lxtsf] Vofn a9L x'G5 .

Pdfn]nfO{ …jf:tfÚ cyf{t\ …ufnLÚ ug]{x¿sf] ;"rL nfdf] x'g cfp"5, h;leq Pdfn] leqsf / aflx/sf b'j}y/L JolQmx¿ kb{5g\ . Pdfn] g]tfx¿ 7fGb5g\– kf6L{nfO{ dfof ug]{ pgLx¿ dfq} x'g\, ufnL ug]{ hlt ;a} kf6L{sf j}/L x'g\ . …5f]/L–ufnLÚ / …a'xf/L ufnLÚ sf aLrsf] cGt/ 5'6\ofpg] x}l;ot pgLx¿df b]lv"b}g . Pdfn]nfO{ ufnL ug]{df Psy/L of] kf6L{ lj:yflkt agf];\ eGg] rfxgf kfNg]x¿ 5g\ eg] csf{y/L of] kf6L{ sdeGbf sd sdhf]/L kfNg] kf6L{df ¿kfGtl/t xf];\ eGg]x¿ 5g\ . cl3Nnf] lsl;dsf] ufnL ug]{;"u o; kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj k+lQm eoeLt /xG5 eg] kl5Nnf] lsl;dsf] ufnL ug]{nfO{ eoeLt t'Nofpg rfxG5 .

o; ;Gbe{df hg>'ltsf] Pp6f syfsf] :d/0f x'G5 . Psfb]zdf b'O{hgf afa'5f]/f lyP /] . 5f]/fsf cIf/ g/fd|f lyP /] . afa'rflx" 5f]/fsf g/fd|f cIf/sf nflu ;w}+ ufnL uYof]{ /] / 5f]/fn] klg cIf/ /fd|f kfg]{ k|oTg ul//x\of] /] . 5f]/f] k9\g] :s'ns} lzIfs;d]t /x]sf] pQm afa'n] c¿sf g/fd|f cIf/ ePsf]df ufnL gug]{ u/]sf]df 5f]/fsf] lrQ a'em]sf] lyPg /] . Psrf]6L p;n] ca t afa'åf/f cfkm\gf cIf/sf] k|z+;f u/fO5f8\5' eg]/ lgs} d]xgt;fy n]vL afa' :s'naf6 3/ kms{g] af6fdf v;flnlbP5 . afa'n] klg Tof] sfuh l6k]/ 3/ NofO{ cg]s k|z+;f ub}{ 5f]/fnfO{ b]vfP5 . 5f]/fn] …a'af, of] t d}n] g} n]v]sf] xf]Ú eg]kl5 p;sf] kfnf] …clg kf] t of] cIf/ afËf] eP5, of] cIf/ g]lK6P5, of] cIf/ y]lKrP5Ú eGb} vf]6 b]vfpg yfn]5 . afa'sf] o:tf] ufnLsf] cy{ Tof] cNnf/] 5f]/fn] s] a'em\g' / † a;\ .

kf6L{leq Psflt/ clxn] ePsf] k|hftGq g} kof{Kt 5 eGg]x¿ -cem a9L eof] eGg] ;d]t_ 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ k|hftGqsf] cefj b]Vg]x¿sf] k+lQm klg ;fgf] 5}g . cl3Nnf] vfn] ;d"xdf g]t[Tj txsf / ltgsf s[kfsf+IfLx¿sf] afx'No 5 eg] csf{lt/ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf–sfo{stf{ 5g\, hf] Go"gtd dfgj clwsf/af6 ;d]t jl~rt 5g\ . g]tfx¿ lsg b'O{ w'|jdf af"l8Psf 5g\ pgLx¿ g} hfg'g\ t/ hgtf cfz–qf; / g]tfx¿sf] af]nL / Jojxf/sf] lj/f]wfef;n] b'O{ k+lQmdf ljeflht 5g\ . g]tfx¿ s] rfxG5g\ pgLx¿ g} hfg'g\ t/ hgtf @)%$ ;fnsf] kf6L{ ljefhgsf] 3fp aNemfpg OR5's 5}gg\ . a;\, pgLx¿ rfxG5g\– cfkm"n] cf:yf la;fPsf] kf6L{ uf}/j ug{ nfos agf];\ . z'e]R5's hgtf / sfo{stf{ k+lQm o;sf] g]t[Tjdf ;xL lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 xf];\, cfkm\gf] lg0f{odf cl8u /xg] ;fx; knfcf];\, g]t[Tj tx Pj+ hgtfsf] pT;fxdf ;o jif]{ xh'/af / @) jif]{ gfltsf aLrdf x'g] cGt/ b]vf gk/f];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ .

b]z agfpg / laufg{df ;QfkIfsf] dfq xf]Og, k|ltkIfsf] klg cx+ e"ldsf x'G5 . Pdfn]n] k|hftGq axfnLsf] of] !# jif{df cGbfhL !) jif{ k|d'v k|ltkIfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 / To;sf] g]t[Tjsf lg0f{ox¿df obfsbf k|f}9tf b]lvP klg w]/h;f] eg] cNnf/]kg g} emlNsPsf] 5, h;sf] kl/0ffd b]z / hgtfsf sf"wdf nflbPsf] 5 . sDo'lgi6x¿ cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ hgtfsf] kf6L{ eG5g\ . ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf s'g kf6L{nfO{ slxn] ;Qfdf k'¥ofpg], slxn] k|ltkIfdf /fVg] / slxn] To;eGbf klg tn cf]/fNg] eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o g]tfx¿sf] cf}sft x]/]/ hgtfn] g} u5{g\ . cfkm"nfO{ hgtfn] hxf" k'¥ofp"5g\, ToxL+sf] lhDd]jf/L ;kmntfk"j{s axg ug'{ g]tfsf] k|yd st{Jo x'g cfp"5 . cGoyf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / c¿ kf6L{df s] cGt/ /x\of] / < b]z, hgtf / kf6L{sf] lxteGbf k/ k'u]/ JolQmut cx+ t[lKtsf lglDt s';L{ / ;Qfsf] v]ndf ;xefuL x'g' sDo'lg:6 g]tfsf cfbz{eGbf aflx/sf s'/f x'g\ eg]/ Pdfn]sf g]tfn] ga'em]sf kSs} xf]cf]Ogg\ .

jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf Pdfn] g]t[Tjsf] sdhf]/L b]vfpg' /0faxfb'/ zfxsf] ;f"9]sf] d[To'sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ hlQs} sl7g 5 . Pdfn]leqsf] k|hftGqsf] x'lnof /0faxfb'/ zfxs} z}nLsf] 5 . /0faxfb'/ zfxnfO{ ;f"9] kfNg] ;f]v lyof] /] . Pp6f ;f"9] pgnfO{ c;fWo} dgk/]sf] /x]5, h;nfO{ /fhkl/jf/nfO{ em}+ ;Ddfg lbg'kYof]{ /] . h;n] Tof] ;f"9] d/]sf] va/ Nofp"5, To;nfO{ dfl/lbg] pbL{ klg hf/L u/]sf /x]5g\ . d[To'~hoL sf] x'G5 / † Pslbg Tof] ;f"9] d¥of] . va/ /0faxfb'/sf sfgdf k'¥ofpg'kg]{ eof] . Pp6f sfdbf/ hLjgsf] afhL /fv]/ va/ ;'gfpg cu|;/ eP5 . /0faxfb'/n] ;f"9]sf] va/ ;f]w]kl5 To;n] eGg yfn]5– …sfg klg xNnfOaS;Gg, k'R5/ klg xNnfOaS;Gg . Ho"gf/ klg ul/aS;Gg . pl7aS;Gg, xNnLaS;Gg / ;f; klg km]l/aS;Gg ;/sf/ .Ú /0faxfb'/nfO{ ;f"9]sf] Ho'"bf]kgdfly z+sf eP5 / ;f]w]5g\– …xf]Og, ;f"9] d¥of] ls Sof xf] <Ú sfdbf/n] eg]5– …vf]O, To;} xf] ls ;/sf/ †Ú Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgn] kf6L{nfO{ …/0faxfb'/sf] ;f"9]Ú x'gaf6 hf]ufpg'k5{ .

Pdfn]sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zg ;+3f/d} cfOk'u]sf] 5 . of] dxflwj]zgnfO{ g]tfx¿n] hlt ;xh 7fg]sf 5g\, Tof] Tolt ;xh 5}g . o;;"u w]/} lhDd]jf/Lx¿ uf"l;Psf 5g\ . o; dxflwj]zgn] …lg0ff{os lg0f{ox¿Ú ug'{ cfjZos 5, cGoyf o; kf6L{sf] eljio cGof]nu|:t aGg]5 . Pdfn]sf] eljio cGof]nu|:t aGg' b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf 5}g . Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tj z}nL oxL ¿kdf /xg' kf6L{nfO{ 9fqm] k;f/f] kg]{ kf6Ldf ¿kfGtl/t ug'{ xf] . o; kf6L{sf g]tfx¿s} dfq k"0f{ e/f];fdf dxflwj]zgnfO{ 5f8\g] xf] eg] @)%$ ;fn bf]xf]l/Gg eGg ;lsGg . dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw rogs} qmddf g]t[Tj txdflysf] e/f];f vl08t ePsf] w]/}n] dx;'; u/]sf 5g\ . kf6L{ zlQm / d"No–dfGotfsf aLrsf] n8fO"df ljhosf] pGdfb jf k/fhosf] xLgtfn] kf6L{nfO{ ljefhgtkm{ ws]Ng ;Sg] ;Defjgfsf] lg/fs/0ftkm{ sfo{stf{ k+lQm ;r]t x'g g;s] o;sf] Iflt¿kL wfkdf b]z ufl8g k'Ug]5 . lsgeg] ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf Tof] klg g]kfnsf] cfhsf] cj:yfdf bnx¿ alnof x'g g;Sbf /fi6«sf] hu Ifltu|:t x'g k'Ub5 . cv08tf g} kf6L{sf] ;kmntfsf] k|yd ;"q xf] eGg] s'/f Pdfn], sf+u|]; / /fk|kfsf] ljefhgsf b'3{6gfaf6 ;a}n] a'em]s} s'/f xf] . o;}n] o; k6ssf] dxflwj]zgdf sfo{stf{ k+lQmn] cfkm\gf] 1fg, ljj]s / b"/b[li6 Ifdtfn] g]t[Tj k+lQmnfO{ k]Ng ;Sg'k5{ . cGoyf of] dxflwj]zg cf}krfl/stfsf] lgjf{xeGbf k/ hfg ;Sg] 5}g .

dnfO{ lrGg'ePg sd/]8 <

ljdn lgef

;fd'Gg]sf] dflg;nfO{ b]v]/ sd/]8 PSsf;L eml:sP . s]xL gaf]n]/} cufl8 a9\g vf]h]sf lyP, t/ af]Ng}k¥of] . lsgeg] Tof] dflg;n] cl3 a9]/ sd/]8;"u xft ldnfof] / eGof], …nfn;nfd †Ú

…nfn;nfd †Ú sd/]8n] klg eGg}k¥of] .

…s] 5 sd/]8, xfnva/ a];} 5 <Ú To;n] eGof], …sd/]8nfO{ ge]6]sf] jiff}{+ eof] xf]nf . xf]Og / <Ú

sd/]8 c;d~h:osf] d'b|fdf pleO/x]– s] eg'" / s] geg'" † s]xL a]/kl5 Tof] dflg;n] g} eGof], …dnfO{ lrGg'ePg sd/]8 <Ú

To;nfO{ sd/]8n] lrlg;s]sf lyP . pgn] ;Dem], of] t lgs} k'/fgf] kl/lrt xf], h'g avt sd/]8 e"ldut cj:yfdf lyP / o;}sf] 3/df …;]N6/Ú lnP/ a;]sf lyP . To; a]nf kf6L{n] sd/]8nfO{ oxL If]qdf ultljlw ug{ v6fPsf] lyof] . pgL WofgdUg eP . sd/]8lt/ x]/]/ Tof] dflg;n] km]l/ eGof], …;f"Rr}, lrGg ;Sg'ePg sd/]8 <Ú

…xf]Og, lsg glrGg' a]vfdfg bfOnfO{ <Ú sd/]8n] df}gtf tf]8] .

…d]/f] gfdsf] klg ;Demgf /x]5 sd/]8nfO{ t, cf] xf] †Ú a]vfdfgbfO v';L b]lvP .

…lsg gx'g', a]vfdfg bfOsf] 3/df d k6s–k6s u/]/ 8]9 jif{;Dd e"ldut a]nfdf a;]sf] xf]Og <Ú sd/]8n] eg], …To; a]nf a]vfdfg bfOsf] ;xof]u gePsf] eP xfdLnfO{ hf]lug ufx|f] x'GYof] . of] Hofgsf] /Ifs g} tkfO{+ . kf6L{nfO{ hf]ufPsf] klg tkfO{+x¿ h:tfn] xf] . xfd|f] kf6L{ tkfO{+sf] pRr d"Nof+sg u5{ .Ú

a]vfdfg dxh{g To;avt kf6L{sf] Ps z'elrGts lyP . Tolt ;DkGg geP tfklg ldlxg]tL ls;fg ePsfn] vfg–nfpg k'UYof] . cfkm\g} Pp6f k'Vof}{nL 3/ lyof] . k/Dk/fut 9f"rfsf] lem+u6Ln] 5fPsf] b'O{tn] 3/, hxf" e"ldut g]tfx¿nfO{ pgL n'sfP/ /fVy] . k~rfotsf] ;fx}|} s7f]/ ;do lyof] . g]tfx¿sf kl5–kl5 u'Ktr/x¿ nfu]sf lyP . t/ a]vfdfgnfO{ o;sf] slxn] 8/ nfu]g . clxn] sd/]8nfO{ b]v]/ a]vfdfg dxh{gnfO{ klg k'/fgf] ;Demgf cfof] . cyf{t\ sd/]8 / a]vfdfg, b'j} ctLtdf lyP . o;af6 lg:s]/ a]vfdfgn] sd/]8nfO{ eg], …tkfO{+x¿ Psk6s ;/sf/df uO;Sg'eof], km]l/ hfg] xNnf 5 . xf]
/ sd/]8 <Ú

…tkfO{+x¿n] ;fy lbP ghfg] s'/} 5}g . xfdL hfG5f}+, hfG5f}+ .Ú sd/]8n] km"lt{;fy hjfkm lbP .

…t/ clnslt cK7\of/f] klg 5 eG5g\, s'lGg s] xf] †Ú

…h:tf];'s} cK7\of/f] eP klg s]xL 5}g, xfdL ;lhnf] kf5f}{+ . xfd|f] kf6L{ w]/} cufl8 al9;s]sf] 5 .Ú

a]vfdfgnfO{ r'krfk b]v]/ sd/]8nfO{ km]l/ k'/fgf] s'/fsf] ;Demgf eof] . pgn] dfofn' :j/df eg], …lji0f's'df/L efph"sf] s] va/ 5 <Ú a'af–cfdfx¿ ;~r} x'g'x'G5 < clg 5f]/fx¿ s] ub}{5g\ lg <Ú

…a'af–cfdf laTg'ePsf] clxn] xf] / < b; jif{ eO;Sof] . hxfg klg …SofG;/Ú eP/ cf]5\ofgdf n8]sf] n8\o} 5 . tkfO{+x¿ v'nf eO;s]kl5 o;f] kms]{/ cfpg'ePg . s;/L yfxf x'G5 < ca uNnLsf] k'/fgf] 3/sf] tkfO{+x¿nfO{ s] jf:tf † 3/ klg yf]qf] eP/ 9Ng} nfu]sf] 5 . dd{t ug{nfO{ k};f 5}g . s] ug'{ <Ú a]vfdfgn] ux'|"uf] :j/df sd/]8nfO{ eg], …b'O6} 5f]/fx¿ sfd gkfP/ xlNn/x]sf 5g\ .Ú

…clg kf6L{df t x'g'x'G5 xf]nf lg <Ú sd/]8n] k|Zg u/] .

…Tof] t tkfO{+x¿nfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf . d s] eg'" < cr]n …n]AxLÚ lng klg sf]xL cfp"b}gg\ . ca xfdL h:tfsf] b;–aL; ?k}of"sf] s] dxŒj eof] < kf6L{ wgL eO;s]sf] 5 .Ú a]vfdfgn] Psl5g /f]lsP/ eg], …x'g t xfdLnfO{ olt ltg{ klg ufx|f] 5 . xftd'v hf]g{ g} g;lsg] h:tf] eO;Sof] . 7Ls} eof] .Ú

…xf]Og a]vfdfg bfO, tkfO{+x¿sf ;xof]un] g} clxn] klg kf6L{ rln/x]5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ ul/ax¿sf] kf6L{ xf] . ls;fg–dhb'/x¿sf] kf6L{ . tkfO{+x¿af6 6f9f eP/ s;/L af"Rg] < xfd|f] Hofg g} tkfO{+x¿ x'g'x'G5 .Ú sd/]8n] efif0f lbg] z}nLdf eg], …cem tkfO{+n] dnfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df 8]9–8]9 jif{;Dd …;]N6/Ú lbg'eof] .Ú

…clg cr]n cfkm\g} 3/df a:g'x'G5, xf]Og sd/]8 <Ú a]vfdfgn] ;f]w] .

…ljzfngu/df 3/ agfPsf] 5' .Ú

…t/ sd/]8sf] 3/ t hfjnfv]ndf 5 eG5g\ . s] xf] <Ú

…Toxf" klg Pp6f 3/ agfPsf] 5' . 7Ls} xf] .Ú

…b'O{–b'O{cf]6f 3/, c¿ klg agfpg'ePsf] 5 ls sd/]8 <Ú a]vfdfgn] pT;'stfk"j{s ;f]w] .

…of] 3/–;/sf] s'/f 5f8\gf];\ a]vfdfg bfO, ca xfdLx¿n] k|hftGq alnof] agfpg'k/]sf] 5 . b]z clxn] gfh's cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] s]xL ug}{k5{ . xfd|f] kf6L{ Ps qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ xf] . xfdLn] s]xL gu/L ;'v} 5}g . xfdL s]xL u5f}{+, u5f}{+ . o;df xfdLnfO{ tkfO{+x¿sf] klg ;xof]u rflxG5 .Ú sd/]8n] hf];sf ;fy eg] . sd/]8sf] s'/f] ;'g]/ a]vfdfg dxh{g 6f]nfpg yfn] .

km"6kLl8t g]kfnL /fhgLlt / Pdfn] dxflwj]zgsf] åGå

df]bgfy k|l>t

g]kfnL /fhgLlt @))% b]lv g} km"6 /f]un] kLl8t 5 . km"6 /f]udf cfGtl/s dte]b / afx\o tŒjsf] e"ldsf b'j} /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . l;4fGttM s'g} klg s'/fsf] km"6df cfGtl/s cGtlj{/f]w g} k|d'v sf/0f /x]sf] x'G5 . t/ åGåo'Qm j:t'eGbf aflx/L zlQm anjfg\, rt'/ of ;fwg;DkGg ePdf To;n] klg ljefhgdf lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . ul/a / clzlIFt hgtfleqsf emLgfdl;gf ljjfb / cGtå{GånfO{ a];/L dRrfOlbP/ hfnL–km6fxf / ;fx"–dxfhgx¿n] b'j} kIFnfO{ n'6\g] / sHofpg] u/]sf] nfdf] Oltxf; g} dWosfnsf] d"n ljz]iftf xf] . clxn] zlQmzfnL /fi6«x¿n] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ dfq xf]Og, ;fgf / demf}nf /fi6«x¿nfO{ ;d]t km'6fP/ nfdf] ;do;Dd h'wfO{ cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{] u/]sf 36gf xfdL oqtq b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . sf]l/of, leotgfd, >Ln+sf, Oh/fon / lkmlnlkG; xfn}sf pbfx/0f x'g\ . cfkm\gf] pklgj]zsf af]/f–la:t/f p7fpg] a]nf c+u|]hL s"6gLltn] lxGb':tfg / kfls:tfg agfOPsf b'O{ b]z clxn];Dd klg ldNg g;s]/ alS;ª v]ndf Jo:t 5g\ . rLgh:tf] 7"nf] b]z;d]t tfOjfgsf] ljefhg / bnfO{ nfdfsf] srsrsf] ;d:of ef]lu/x]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL /fhgLltleqsf] bnLo dte]b, emu8f / km"6af6 xfdL ;a} ljut kf"r bzsb]lv /fd|}l;t kl/lrt 5f}+ . oxf"sf s'g} klg 7"nf /fhgLlts x:tLx¿ ljjfb / d'Ssfd'SsLsf] d's'w{'daf6 d'Qm 5}gg\ . l8NnL/d0f–aLkL, aLkL–dft[sf, aLkL–;'j0f{, u0f]zdfg–lul/hf, lul/hf–s[i0fk|;fb, b]pjf–lul/hf cflb g]kfnL sf+u|];leqsf kxndfgx¿sf] Pp6f z[+vnf /x]sf] 5 . o:tf dNno'4x¿df sDo'lg:6x¿ klg sxf" sd 5g\ / < pgLx¿n] klg Ps;] Ps vlnkmfx¿ hGdfPsf 5g\ . k'iknfn–dgdf]xg, dgdf]xg–s]z/h+u, k'iknfn–t'n;Lnfn, df]xgljqmd–lgd{n nfdf–k|r08 cflbsf] bf];|F] z[+vnf 5 eg] csf{lt/ ;LkL–emngfy, dbg–;LkL, dfwj–jfdb]j cflbsf] t];|f] z[+vnf aGb} cfPsf] 5 .

ljsl;t d'n'sx¿n] g]t[Tj k+lQmsf 3D;f3D;Lsf] of] k|fylds r/0f cfd ¿kdf kf/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] åGå Joj:yfkgsf] k|0ffnLnfO{ a'"bfut ax; / dtbfgsf] k4ltdf ¿kfGtl/t ul/;s]sf 5g\ . t/ klg slxn]sfxL" Toxf" klg 3D;f3D;L gkg{] xf]Og .

g]kfnh:tf ;fdGtL o'uaf6 cfw'lgs o'ult/ ;+qmd0f ul//x]sf d'n'sx¿df /fhgLlts bnx¿leq x'g] dte]bx¿nfO{ k|hftflGqs k4ltn] ;dfwfg ug{] k|0ffnL ljsl;t x'g g;s]sfn] ljjfbx¿ Hofb} dxf¿kdf rf/}lt/ 5l/P/ k|fozM d'8\sLe]b / bne]bdf cg"lbt x'g] ub{5g\ . g]kfnsf] o'u ;+qmd0f ljGb' @))& ;fn ePsfn] k'/fgf /fhf/hf}6f, d'lvof, lhd'jfn, y/L, hldgbf/, ;fx"–dxfhg cflbsf ;+:sf/x¿n] g]tfx¿sf lbdfunfO{ k5\ofpg 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] g]t[Tj k+lQmdf ;+Vofdf k'u]sf afx'g, IF]qL / g]jf/x¿ k|ToIF jf k/f]IF ¿kn] dWosfnLg clehft k+lQmsf xf8 jf /utsf] gftf kg{] ;d'bfoaf6} p7]sf 5g\ . Tof] geP klg tLg xhf/ jif{sf] j0f{Joj:yfsf] cfg'j+lzs ;+:sf/nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] 5'g] ;d:of ltgLx¿df hLljt} 5 . cem sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] ;}4flGts ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ ;j{xf/f -dhb'/_ ju{sf] k|ltlglw kf6L{sf ¿kdf pEofpg vf]h]sf] t/ 7]6 cfw'lgs ;j{xf/f ju{af6 g]t[Tjsf] dflyNnf] k+lQmdf sf]xL klg gk'uL lgDg k'"hLjfbL k+lQmsf g]tf el/Psfn] Toxf" ;j{xf/fjfbsf] gfddf ljleGg /+uLr+uL k|j[lQ b]lvg] u/]sf 5g\ .

@))% b]lvs} dte]b / ljefhgx¿n] s] b]vfPsf 5g\ eg] ljjfb / km"6sf] sf/0fdf d"ntM kbk|FlKts} åGå /xg] u/]sf] 5 . ;do;dodf gLltut / ;}4flGts ljifodf uDeL/ dte]b klg b]lvg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/ ltgnfO{ :j:y 5nkmn / k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLaf6 ;dfwfg ug{] ;+:sf/ / Ifdtfsf] kof{Kt ljsf; gePsfn] tL s'/f klg g]tfd'vL u'6aGbLdf kl/0ft x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf pRr:t/sf g]tf l8NnL/d0f /]UdL / aLkL sf]O/fnfdf ;aeGbf klxn] b]vf k/]sf] g]t[Tjsf] åGå l;4fGtd'vL geO{ kbd'vL lyof] . aLkL / dft[sfsf] åGå klg d"ntM kbLo åGå g} lyof] . @)!& kl5 aLkLsf] JolQmTjl;t 6Ss/ k/]sf /fhf dx]Gb|n] …b/af/L 9a hfg]sf ;'j0f{zdz]/nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] eP ;/sf/ rNg lbg] gq csf{] sbd rfNg]Ú va/ k7fPsf lyP . ;'j0f{n] Tof] s'/f aLkL;fd' /fv] t/ aLkL Tof] dfGg tof/ ePgg\ . clg ;'j0f{nfO{ ljb]zlt/ k7fP/ dx]Gb|n] ;/sf/ dfq xf]Og, ;+;b\;d]t lj36g u/] . o;/L b/af/n] cfkm\gf] cg's"n g]tf / k|wfgdGqL agfpg rfxg] / To;lglDt kbLo k|:tfjn] kf6L{leq u8a8L dRrfOlbg] u/]sf] k/Dk/f xfdL ;a}n] b]v]ef]u]sf 5f}+ . To;} u/L g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq b/afl/ofx¿n] slt 7"nf] 3';k}7 u/fPsf lyP eGg] s'/fsf] l;nl;n]jf/ hLljt k|df0f 8f= s]z/h+u /fodfemL / pgsf sltko ;fyLx¿n] clxn];Dd klg lbO/x]sf 5g\ .

k'iknfn / t'n;Lnfnsf aLrdf …gof" hgjfbL sfo{qmd dfGg] ls /fli6«o k|hftGqsf] sfo{qmd dfGg]Ú eGg] ;jfndf nfdf] ljjfb rNof] . k'iknfn lrlgof" sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] kIfw/ / t'n;Lnfn ;f]leot kf6L{sf] kIFw/ eP/ b'O{j6f kf6L{ rnfp"b} /x] . Tof] cGt/f{li6«o :t/d} rn]sf] ;}4flGts ljjfb klg lyof] . t/, w]/} jif{kl5, ha t'n;Lnfn g]skf Pdfn]df cfpg'eof], pxf"n] eGg'eof]– …gof" hgjfb / /fli6«o k|hftGq ;f/ ¿kdf Pp6} s'/f /x]5g\ . xfdLn] To;} ljifodf w]/} jif{ ljjfb u/]/ Joy{}df dxŒjk"0f{ ;do u'dfP5f}+ .Ú ljrf/ u/f}+ t, b'O{ g]tfsf] ljjfbn] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ slt 7"nf] gf]S;fgL eof] †

@)#* lt/ tTsfnLg g]skf -dfn]_ leq …k|hftflGqs :jtGqtfÚ sf lglDt ;+3if{ ug{'k5{ eGg] ;LkL d}gfnL kIf / /fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf lglDt ;+3if{ x'g'k5{ eGg] emngfy kIFsf] ax;n] klg s]xL jif{sf] ;do vfof] . xfdLn] h]naf6 eGof}+– …;f/ ¿kdf oL b'j} s'/f Pp6} x'g\ . log} dte]bnfO{ l;4fGtsf] vf]n cf]9fP/ ljjfb ug{' /fhgLltzf:qsf ljBfyL{x¿n] lv;L ug{]5g\ x} †Ú t/ klg g]tfx¿n] To;nfO{ k|lti7fsf] ljifo agfP/ ljjfb a9fp"b} /x] .

km]l/ csf{] r/0fdf ljjfb rNof]– …hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbÚ dbg e08f/L;lxt ax'dt kIF / …kl/dflh{t -ax'bnLo_ gf}nf] hgjfbÚ ;LkL d}gfnL kIF ag]/ . Tof] ax; JofVofdf km/s x'g ;S5 t/ ;f/df Pp6} xf] eg]/ d}n] s]xL n]v n]v]+ . km/s dt b]vfpg}kg{] km];gh:t} rn]sf] lyof] Tof] dte]b . ts{sf hlt;'s} 3f]8f bf}8fP klg ;LkL d}gfnL clxn] klg PsbnLo gf}nf] hgjfbsf] kIfdf x'g'x'Gg . cflv/ Toqf] ax; s]sf lglDt /x]5 t < ;LkL clxn] Pp6f kf6L{sf] dxf;lrj x'g'x'G5, ;fgf;fgf s]xL jfd kf6L{sf] df]rf{sf g]tf x'g'x'G5, s'/f l;l4of] .

g]skf Pdfn]leq @)%@ ;fndf …pkdxf;lrjÚ kbnfO{ lnP/ rsf{] ljjfb rNof] . Pdfn] ;/sf/df hf"bf kf6L{ ljwfgdf Tof] kb geP klg ;dembf/Laf6 kb lgdf{0f u/L jfdb]jnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] . kl5 To;} ljifosf] k|ltlqmofn] slt 7"nf] /8fsf] dlRrof] † ha pkdxf;lrj kbn] oqf] ljjfb pAhfof] eg] ca cfkm" dxf;lrj g} lsg gaGg] eg]/ jfdb]jsf] ;d"x aGof] . sDo'lg:6x¿ s'g} s'/fdf ljjfb 5]8\g'k¥of] eg] Pp6f s'g} ljifonfO{ l;4fGtsf] ku/L u'yfP/ cl3 ;fg{ vlKk; ePsf 5g\ . leqL p2]Zo cs{} x'G5, b]vfpg] s'/f cs{} † dxfsfnL ;lGw jfdb]j;lxt l;+u} s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] k"0f{ ax'dtn] kf; u/]sf] s'/f lyof], t/ ljjfbsf lglDt ha Pp6f xltof/ rflxof], clg ToxL dxfsfnL ;lGwnfO{ l;"uf/]/ l;4fGtsf] emG8f p7fOof] . 5}6f}+ dxflwj]zgdf jfdb]j kIFn] Tof] ljjfb p7fP/ kf6L{ ljefhg ubf{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; / b/afl/ofx¿sf] v';Lsf] s'g} ;Ldf lyPg . dfn] kf6L{ btf{ ul/lbg ;efd'v /fdrGb| kf}8]n bf}8fbf}8 u/]/ g]kfnuGhaf6 cfPsf lyP . …b'O{ s/f]8 lbP/ Pdfn] km'6fP"Ú eg]/ v'daxfb'/n] v'a axfb'/L b]vfPsf lyP . lj/f]wLx¿sf] d'Vo p2]Zo @)%^ sf] cfd r'gfjdf Pdfn]nfO{ s'g} xfntdf ax'dtdf hfg glbg' lyof] . pgLx¿n] jfdb]j / ;LkLsf] cfsF+IFFnfO{ ;s];Dd pTk|]l/t u/]/ cfkm\gf] p2]Zodf ;kmntf kfP . Toltv]/ Pdfn]sf] r'gfj laufg{'sf] kl/0ffdaf6 sf+u|];sf s]xL g]tfn] Ifl0fs kmfObf lnP . To;af6 dfcf]jfbLx¿ pT;flxt eP / dfn]sf] sfo{stf{ k+lQm eTsfpg yfn] . 7"nf] P]ltxfl;s gf]S;fgLkl5 jfdb]jnfO{ nfUof]– Joy}{sf] pGdfbn] 7"nf] vf8ndf kl/P5 . s]xL lbg dfn]sf] eJo dxf;lrj ag]/ cGttM :jo+ jfdb]j kZrfQfksf] ;fu/df 8'Ab} d"n wf/df kms{g'k¥of] .

;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgsf ;Gbe{df clxn] km]l/ ;fgf] ljjfb p7]sf] 5 . ljjfbsf] k|:yfgljGb' xf]– jof]j[4 g]tf dgdf]xgsf nflu l;h{]sf] / pxf"sf] d[To'kl5 :ylut /fv]sf] cWoIF kbnfO{ ca s] ug{] < /fVg] ls km]l/ rnfpg] < lgtfGt k|fljlws s'/f xf] of] . t/ olt dfd'nL s'/fnfO{ klg clxn] km]l/ ;}4flGts hnk nufP/ rDsfpg] k|of; ;'? eof] . …cWoIffTds k|0ffnL k|hftflGqs x'G5, dxf;lrjLo k|0ffnL lg/+s'z x'G5Ú, klxn]klxn]sf km];gsf ax;h:t} of] e'O"km'§f ax; klg xfjfdf axlsP/ rf/}lt/ ;g;gL km}nfpg ;kmn eof] . d]/f] ljrf/df To;df ;}4flGts hnk gnufO{ ;f]em} 9+un] s'/f o;/L p7fPsf] eP /fd|f] x'GYof]– …cWoIFsf] kb vfnL 5 . Tof] sfod /fvf}+ . To;df pkFWoIF, pkdxf;lrj kb klg ykf}+ . s]xL ljlzi6 Ifdtfsf k|efjzfnL g]tfx¿n] tL kb ;Dxfn]kl5 sfd ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . dxf;lrjnfO{ PSn} a9L bf}8w"k ug{] emGem6 klg /x"b}g . bzbz jif{kl5 af"sL g]tfx¿ klg 7"N7"nf kbsf xsbf/ x'g ;S5g\ . 7"nf kbdf k'u]/ g]t[Tj ug{] ;a}sf] /x/ k'U5 .Ú To;f] u/]sf] eP ;fob w]/}sf] lrQ a'em\Yof] xf]nf / dxflwj]zgdf dtbfg k|0ffnLaf6 s'/f 6'+luGYof] xf]nf . t/, s]xL ;fyLx¿n] cfk"m cf;Lg x'g] nIon] ;'? ul/Psf] kb:yfkgfnfO{ l;4fGtn] pGg yfn]kl5 ljutdf af¥x e'Qmdfg ;x"b} cfPsf] kf6L{ k+lQm PsfPs t:of{] . …cu'N6fn] xfg]sf] s's'/ lah'nLb]lv tl;{G5Ú eg]em}+ ca km]l/ ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgdf klg o;} axfgfn] kf6L{ km'6\g] xf] ls eGg] qf;n] To;sf lj?4 cfjfh ;+ul7t x'g yfNof] .

sfo{stf{ k+lQm To; a]nf emg\ cft+lst eof] ha k|x/Lx¿sf] dfWodaf6 Pp6f lr7L km]nf k¥of] . To; lr7Ldf n]lvPsf] lyof]– …k|To]s lhNnfdf dfwj g]kfn kIfdf sf]sf] / s]kL cf]nL kIfdf sf]sf] sfo{stf{ dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw 5flgP < oyfy{ ljj/0f t'?Gt k7fpg' eGg] dflysf] cfb]z 5 .Ú Tof] …dflyÚ eg]sf] slt dfly xf] < s'g …dflyÚ xf] eGbf k|x/L ;"qn] eGof]– …;aeGbf dfly .Ú

s]xL lbgklxn] uf]Ko ;"qaf6 ;'lgPsf] lyof]– …;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgdf Pdfn]nfO{ h;/L klg km'6fpg'k5{Ú eg]/ s]xL b/afl/ofx¿ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . kl5sf] lr7Ln] To;nfO{ k'li6 u¥of] . s]xL 7"nf klqsfx¿n] klg …Pdfn]leq 5}6f}+ dxflwj]zgdf h:t} 3df;fg x'g] / kf6L{ klg km'6\g ;Sg] ;DefjgfÚ sf dgu9Gt] xNnf rnfpg lgs} hf"u/ b]vfpg yfn] . To;dfly ev{/ kms{]sf jfdb]j uf}tdn] …cWoIFfTds k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLnfO{ cfk"mn] ;dy{g ug{]Ú eGg yfn]kl5 …nf}, km]l/ s]s] pGdfb x'g] xf] <Ú eGg] cfz+sf rf/}lt/ d8fl/g yfNof] . vf; u/L jfdb]jl;t …dfn]Ú df uO{ kms{]sf ;fyLx¿n] ljutsf tLtf lbg ;Dem]/ …Tof] pGdfb km]l/ gpDnf];\Ú eGg] sfdgf JoQm ug{ yfn] .

g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngleqsf cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ leqsf / aflx/sfn] ;d]t rsf{Olbgfn] x'"b} cfPsf] km"6sf] k/Dk/fd} dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng klg cl3 a9]sf] xf] . o;/L sDo'lg:6x¿ ljeflht ePsf]df / dfcf]jfbLn] ef}lts ;+/rgf Wj+; ub{} cFPsf] s'/fdf b]zeQmx¿ lrlGtt 5g\ . t/, k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿ lgs} v';L 5g\ . pgLx¿ km]l/ Pdfn]df aGr/f] rnfP/ emg\ a9L v';L x'g gkfpmg\ . ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgn] xfn cfPsf gof" dfu / k|:tfjx¿nfO{ ;xh 9+un] lnP/ 5nkmn / dtbfgaf6 6'+uf] nufpg] k|0ffnL c"ufn]df ;a} ;dfwfg zflGtk"0f{ x'G5 . s'g} kIFn] klg an / x7 k|of]u u/] lht b'j} kIFsf] geO{ k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf] x'g]5 .

dfwjsf] df}gtf, cf]nLsf] c8fg / jfdb]jsf] af]nL

uf]kfn vgfn

kf6L{sf] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zg;"u} Pdfn]leqsf åGå ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . dfwj g]kfn csf]{ kf"r jif{sf nflu dxf;lrj aGg …ea{n Osf]gdLÚ sf] s'l6n rfn rNg Jo:t x'g'x'G5 eg] cf]nL–jfdb]jx¿ …Dofg ckm b s+u|];Ú x'g k|RFF/ ;+oGqdf Jo:t b]lvg'x'G5 . ldgL clwj]zgsf ¿kdf /x]sf] k|ltlglw 5gf}6sf] kl/0ffdn] eg] k|:6 b]vfPsf] 5– ;+:yfkg kIfsf nflu of] clwj]zg ;xh 5}g .

jfdb]j uf}tdn] kf6L{df cWoIffTds k|0ffnL kfl/t x'g] / cWoIf s]kL cf]nL aGg] 3f]if0ff ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 eg] cf]nLn] kf6L{ k|hftfGqLs/0fsf] k|:tfj xnaf6 kf; x'g] / ;+:yfkgf kIf k/flht x'g] P]ltxfl;s clwj]zgsf ¿kdf ;ftf}+ clwj]zg lrlqt x'g] bfaL ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . c¿ a]nf ldl8ofsf nflu …OhL PS;];Ú g]tfsf ¿kdf /x]sf / k|ltlqmof lbg cft'/ dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfn eg] sd af]Ng] -c Dofg ckm lkmp j8{;\_ g]tfsf ¿kdf b]lvg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf tkm{af6 af]Ng] lhDdf :yfoL ;ldltsf k|jQmf O{Zj/ kf]v/]nn] kfpg'ePsf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo sld6Ln] kfl/t u/]sf] k|:tfj ePsfn] To;df ;xdlt x'g] ;+:yfkgf kIfn] af]Ng h?/L ePg, To; cy{df dxf;lrjsf] df}gtf kl/kSj /fhgLltsf] ;+s]t klg xf] . cfkm\gf] …gf]6 ckm l8;]G6Ú nfO{ sfo{stf{dfem ax;df n}hfg gkfPkl5 ldl8ofsf] dfWodaf6 sfo{stf{dfem hfg' cf]nL–jfdb]jsf] afWotf xf] . t/ jfdb]jsf] 3f]if0ff, s]kLsf] uh{g / dfwjsf] df}gtfn] k|:6\ofPsf] 5– Pdfn]sf] uPsf] sfo{sfn kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf lx;fan] …lnv'/]Ú lyof] .

d'n'ssf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ eP/ klg ;f+u7lgs b[li6sf]0fdf ck]lIft kl/0ffd xfl;n x'g g;s]sf] g]tf :jo+n] dxflwj]zgsf nflu k|:t't ug]{ /fhgLlts / ;f+u7lgs k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . gq eP g]t[Tjsf nflu ;xkf7LaLr s;}nfO{ af]Ng / km/s dt /fVg k|ltaGw nufOg] lyPg xf]nf / s;}n] k|hftfGqLs/0fsf] gfddf ;f+u7lgs 9f"rfdf kl/jt{g ug]{ s'/f ub}{gYof] xf]nf . tNnf :t/sf sfo{stf{ kf6L{ nfOg 5f]8]/ dfcf]jfbLlt/ hfg yfn]kl5, dxf;lrjsf nflu ;w}+ ljjfb / k|lt:kwf{ x'g yfn]kl5 / kf6L{leq u0f]zx¿ hGdg yfn]kl5 :jfefljs 5– To;sf] k/LIffsf] ;do ;xh x'"b}g . Pdfn]sf] of] ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zg To:t} k/LIffsf]
;do xf] .

g]tfx¿af6 q'l6–sdhf]/L dx;'; x'g' / To;nfO{ ;'wfg{ k|oTg ug'{nfO{ g/fd|f] dflg"b}g . t/ xfn;Dd Pdfn]sf] cfGtl/s o'4df ;'wf/f]Gd'v /fhgLlt lrlqt x'"b}g . k/f]If / k|ToIf ¿kdf tLg g]tfx¿– g]kfn, cf]nL / uf}td;"u} Pdfn]df d'Vo tLg k|j[lQx¿ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7sdf kf6L{sf] gfd / emG8f km]g{ k|:tfj ug]{ Ps k|j[lQ . o;sf gfossf ¿kdf cd[t af]xf]/f b]lvP klg kf6L{ ;+:yfkg kIf o;sf] glhs b]lvG5 . of] k|:tfj c;kmn eof], Tof] a]Un} s'/f xf] t/ o;n] k|:6\ofPsf] 5– cd]l/sL /fhb"t cfp"bf lemlsPsf dfS;{ / n]lggsf kmf]6fx¿sf] pTsif{ lyof]– kf6L{sf] gfd …g]skfÚ /fVg] k|:tfj .

emG8f km]g]{ csf]{ k|:tfj . emG8f km]g{{] k|:tFj ;'/IffsdL{af6 aRg ;lsG5 eGg] p2]Zoaf6 dfq lgb]{lzt b]lvG5 lsgls dfcf]jfbL;lxtsf sDo'lg:6sf] emG8f Pp6} x"l;of / xyf}8f xf] . ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL lrGg cK7\of/f] eof], kl/0ffd:j¿k emG8f km]g]{ k|:tFj cfof] . gfd / emG8f km]g]{ d'2fsf] ;lGgs6tf l;4fGt, ljrf/ / sfo{qmd;"u x'g'kg]{ xf], t/ Pdfn]df Tof] b]lvPg . o;nfO{ …kf]lnl6S; ckm sjfl8{;Ú eg] x'G5 . efif0f ubf{ dfS;{ / n]lggsf p4/0faf6 ;'? ug]{ ufp" sld6Lb]lv s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf, dxf;lrjb]lv jf8{ sld6L ;b:o;Ddsf sfo{stf{ / g]tfx¿n] dfS;{ / n]lgg x6fcf}+ eGg' cwsNrf] /fhgLlt xf]Og <

csf]{ k|j[lQ xf]– cj;/jfbL . rf/ kf6L{;"u ;+3if{sf] rsf{ s'/f ug'{, k|ltj]bgdf /fhfnfO{ d'Vo zq' 7fGg' t/ zlQmljGof; ePg eGb} /fhf;"u} 3f"6L hf]8\g k'Ug' . cyf{t\ /fhfnfO{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] cfu|x u/]/ a:g' . kf6L{sf] egfO eGb} cflwsfl/s nfOglj?4 hfg' . 9'nd'n] k|j[lQrflx" g]t[Tjsf] 5 . /d]zgfy k|s/0fb]lv, b/af/ xTofsf08 ;ldlt;Dd, nfp8fb]lv rfOgf ;fpy–j]:6;Dd, n]lggsf] gfd x6fpg]nufotsf k|j[lQn] Pdfn] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f] rl/q :ki6 kf5{g\ .

c8fgsf gfddf kf6L{nfO{ g6]g{, g]t[TjnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg, ax;df pqg / kf6L{leq cfk\mgf] ;d"x agfpg l;kfn' csf]{ k|j[lQ 5 . To;sf] g]t[Tj k|hftfGqLs/0fsf] bfaL ug]{ cf]nLn] ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . jfdb]j uf}td eg] olt a]nf cf]nLsf ;Rrf lxdfotL aGg'ePsf] 5 . k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL kfl/t ePdf cfkm" dxf;lrj aGg] lglZrt ePkl5 pxf"n] cWoIfdf cf]nLsf] gfd 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] xf] . lsl/of VjfP/ kf6L{df leœofOPsf / kf6L{df km/s dt /fVg gkfpg] k|ltaGw nufOPsf uf}tdn] eg] To;sf] v08g t ug{'ePsf] 5, t/ :jtGq d"Nof+sgdf pxf"n] ;+:yfkg kIfnfO{ Gofo eg] ug'{ePg . cf]nLsf] k|hftfGqLs/0fsf] k|:tfjsf] ;dy{s /x]sf] atfp"b} uf}tdn] …JolQmTj k"hfÚ -k;{gfln6L sN6_ cyf{t\ O{Zj/–k|j[lQdfly k|xf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 .

Ps ;ftfkl5 ;DkGg x'g] dxflwj]zgn] kf6L{df b]lvPsf o:tf k|j[lQsf] cGTo ug]{ cfzfdf sfo{stf{ /x]sf 5g\ . /, To;sf] g]t[Tj kf6L{ k|jQmf k|bLk g]kfnn] ug'{ePsf] 5 . k|jQmfsf ltvf snd klg olt a]nf cf]nL / jfdb]jx¿sf nflu klg ;xh nfU5g\, lsgls pxf" g]t[Tjsf] tfa]bf/ klg x'g'x'Gg / kf6L{ ;+:YFfkgfsf] dfq} jsfnt klg ul//xg'ePsf] 5}g . Pdfn] sfo{stf{sf] j]bgf olt a]nf efj's z}nLdf g]kfnn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] 5, h;/L !(%) sf] bzsdf ;]d'jn a]s6n] cfkmgf] s[lt …j]l6ª km/ uf]8f]Ú df cfOl/; o'jfx¿sf] j]bgf lrlqt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . …Ps lbg eujfg\ -uf]8f]_ kSs} cfp"5Ú eGg] cfzfdf cfOl/; o'jfx¿n] o'uf}+ latfPh:t} Pdfn]sf sfo{stf{, z'e]R5'sx¿ klg Ps lbg ;Ifd g]t[Tj cfpnf eGg] kvf{{Odf 5g\ . st} cfOl/; o'jfsf] h:tf] o'uf}+ glatf];\ †

jfUdtL ;Eotf hf]ufpg] lhDdf o'jf k':tfsf]

x't/fd j}B

ut k'; dlxgfsf] klxn] ;ftf jftfj/0f ;+/IF0fjfbL ;+:yf O{;L;LP -PSsf_ / …sf7df8f}+– @)@)Ú sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df jfUdtL–lji0f'dtL ;+/If0faf/] hgr]tgf hufpg tLglbg] sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] . cfp"bf lbgx¿df oL o'jfx¿nfO{ gbL ;+/If0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg] / lhDd]jf/L yfDg of]Uo agfpg] ljifosf s]xL s'/fx¿ oxf" pNn]v 5g\ .

cfheGbf af¥x jif{klxn] lj=;+= @)$& df jfUdtL arfp cleofg ;+:yfn] klg o:t} sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . of] ;+:yfn] df]6fdf]6L jfUdtL gbL kl/jf/sf lgDg s'/fx¿ p7fPsf] lyof]–

l;dfgf lgwf{l/t x'g'kg{], afn'jf pTvgg / 7]Ssf k|yf lgolGqt x'g'kg{], gbLlsgf/fsf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f P]g @)!# cg';f/ ;+/lIFt /fVg'kg{] / gbLx¿nfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] k|b"if0f ug{ lbg gx'g] .

b'ef{Uosf] s'/f xf], l;dfgf lgwf{/0f k|lqmofsf s'/f p7fPs} a]nf ;/sf/L sfof{no g} kl/jt{g eof] . ;+:yfut cfGtl/s dte]bn] ubf{ cleofgn] lg/Gt/tf kfPg . tfklg ;/sf/L :t/sf] clwsf/;DkGg jfUdtL IF]q 9n ;'wf/ tyf cg'udg cfof]hgfn] cfkm\g" :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} w]/}k6s w]/} ;ef;Dd]ng / /]l8of], 6]lnlehg sfo{qmdx¿df gbL l;dfgfsf] c:ki6 kl/efiffaf6 pTkGg ;d:ofsf] s'/f p7fPsf] lyof] . t/ o;df sfuhL sf/afxL / cvaf/L 5kfOafx]s ;/sf/L lgliqmotf cfh;Dd oyfjt\ g} 5 .

jfUdtLsf] ;'Joj:yfcGtu{t gbL afn'jfsf] Joj:yfaf/] lj=;+= @)$* h]7 @! ut] -ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; !((!_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] l;+xb/af/l:yt ;efsIFdf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)$& cg';f/ klxnf]k6s hglgjf{lrt ePsf dGqL, dfggLo ;f+;b, ;/sf/sf pRrkb:y sd{rf/L, ljb]zL lgof]usf k|d'v / ljlzi6 gful/sx¿sf] ;Dd]ng ul/Psf] lyof] . oxL ;Dd]ngsf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df ;/sf/sf kbflwsf/L / jfUdtL arfp;d]t /x]sf] ;+o'Qm cWoog 6f]nLn] afn'jf Joj:yf;DaGwL Pp6f b:tfa]h tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . of] b:tfa]hsf] d"n k|lt vfgL ljefudf x'g'k5{ . o;kl5 s'g} ;sf/fTds sfd st}af6 x'g g;s]sfn] cfh pkTosfsf gbLx¿ afn'jfx/0fsf] kL8f k|To]s lbg af]s]/ /f]O/x]sf 5g\ . s;n] ;'Gg] < yfxf 5}g .

jfUdtL ;Eotfsf] Oltxf;df lji0f'dtLsf] afn'jf ;'g ag]sfn] z+vw/ ;fvn] b]znfO{ C0fd'Qm u/]/ cfheGbf !! ;o @# jif{klxn] g]kfn ;+jt\ rnfpg :jLs[lt kfPsf lyP . o;n] jfUdtL ;Eotfsf] ul/df a9fof] . t/ cfhsf z+vw/x¿n] gbL afn'jfsf] a]rlavgaf6 of] b]zsf] jfUdtL ;Eotf ljgfz x'g] s'sd{ ckgfP . oL z+vw/x¿sf ;xof]uL afn'jfs'NnL ;d"xx¿ klg sdsf 5}gg\ . logLx¿ pkTosfdf gbLx¿ 5l/Ph:t} 5l/Psf 5g\ / rf/ j0f{ 5QL; hftsf 5g\ . logLx¿sf] k];fdf ln¨e]b 5}g . s] lbg, s] /ft, logLx¿ rf}aL;} 3G6f, af¥x} dlxgf wld/fh:t} sfo{/t 5g\ . logLx¿sf] hfnf] gbLafn'jfaf6 ;'? x'G5 . ;/sf/L gfsf / uf}+8fx¿ kf/ u/]/ of] hfnf] lgdf{0f of]hgf:yn;Dd Jofks x'G5 /] . logLx¿sf] k];fdf afn>d eg] lgif]w b]lvG5 . cfw'lgs z+vw/x¿ afn'jf lsg]/ :j0f{dxn agfp"5g\ eg] afn'jfs'NnLx¿ afn'jf a]r]/ 5f]/f5f]/L k9fp"5g\ . kl/jf/ kfN5g\ . oL gbL kl/jf/sf] :ofxf/, ;'wf/, ;+/IF0f / lgoGq0f ug{] lhDd]jf/L lng] / afn'jfs'NnL kl/jf/x¿sf] /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yfsf] k|jQmf ca jfUdtL ;Eotfsf] dfof ug{] o'jf k':tf x'g'kg{] x'G5 .

k|frLg :df/sx¿nfO{ ;+/IF0f ug{ ag]sf] P]gnfO{ gLnf] Kn]6df n]v]/ cfo{3f6df ;"rgf 6f"l;Psf] lyof] . ca 5}g . sf7df8f}+ j;Gtk'/l:yt s'df/L3/sf] k"j{ df]x8fdf oyfjt\ g} 5 . hfgfhfgL of] Kn]6sf] lnlvt oxf" p4[t ul/Psf] 5}g, o'jfx¿sf] rf;f] / pT;'stf hufpg . lj=;+= @)!# b]lv nfu" ePsf] of] P]g rf/k6shlt ;+zf]wg eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ lj=;+= @)!# b]lv $% jif{otf xfd|f k|wfgdGqLx¿nufot w]/} hgf ;+:s[ltdGqL, ;lrj, dxflgb]{zsx¿ eO;s] . logLx¿ cfP–uP, jfUdtLdf lgd{n hn gau]/ s]xL cgf}7f] t/n kbfy{ lg/Gt/ au]h:t} . gof" hgfb]z rflxof] eg] . rf/k6s lgjf{rg u/fO{ hgfb]z klg hgtfn] lbP . t/ Tof] gLnf] ;"rgf Kn]6df Ps cIf/ klg km]l/Pg . jfUdtL kl/jf/sf xftfx¿df ag]sf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;'/Iff bftf / hgrfxgfg';f/ x'g ;s]g . gbLlsgf/fsf b]j:yn, lji0f'kfb'sf :yn, a|x\dgfn, d;fg3f6, lsl/ofk'qL a:g] kf6Lkf}jfsf] s;/L ;+/IF0f jf ljgfz eO/x]5 eGg] yfxf 5}g . :gfg3f6 / b]j:yndf Ps yf]kf kfgL gePsf] gbL ePsf] s;}nfO{ rf;f] 5}g . hg:t/af6 ag]sf gbL kfs{ / ;/sf/L :t/af6 aGg] elgPsf] !$ ;o /f]kgLsf] o'Pg kfs{df xfd|F] ;Eotf k|ltlalDat 5÷5}g jf x'G5÷x'"b}g, yfxf 5}g . gbL au/ o'Pg kfs{df csf{] /Tgkfs{ jf e[s'6Ld08ksf] h:tf] afn dgf]/~hg :yn gaGnf eGg ;lsGg . lji0f'dtLdf kf"rtf/] rkL{ aGg x'G5 eGg] !$ ;o /f]kgL jfUdtLdf klg kfs{ aGg ;S5 .

s'g} P]gdf st} pNn]v gePsfn] xf]nf, JolQmut nufgLdf cfo{3f6df z'4 kfgLsf] ;]jf k'¥ofpg] Ps hgf 6\ofS;Lrfns bftfsf] of]hgfnfO{ ;/sf/L kIFn] ckx/0f;d]t u/]sf] 5 . )!# ;fnsf] P]gn] h]h] gug{' eg]sf] 5 ToxL s'/f gu/kflnsfx¿n] / ;/sf/x¿n] ug{ x'G5 t < lrGtf wfld{s IF]qsf] k|s[lt ljgfzsf/L ljnf;L pkof]usf] xf] h;n] cGttf]uTjf jfUdtL ;EotfnfO{ Wj:t ug{ ;S5 .

b'ef{Uosf] s'/f xf], lj1fgsf cfwf/df oxf" gbL ;+/If0f x'g kfPsf] 5}g . vf; gbLsf] l;dfgf lgwf{l/t x'g g;s]h:t} gbL ;+/If0f, gbL lgoGq0f / gbL k'gM:yfkgfsf] kl/efiff x'g kfPsf] 5}g . oL zAbx¿sf] :ki6 j}1flgs kl/efiff ePg eg] …gx/sf] k};f ;x/dfÚ aUg ;Sg] ;Defjgf dxfn]vfljb\x¿n] a'em\g'k5{ . clxn] jfUdtL gbL kl/jf/df sfd ug{] OlGhlgo/x¿nfO{ pko'Qm k|ljlw k|of]u ug{df / k|zf;sx¿nfO{ k|zf;lgs sf/afxL rnfpg afwf ePsf] ;'g]sf] 5' / b]v]sf] 5' .

!@ h"g !*^* df yfkf k|wfgdGqLn] Gjf/fg ul/lbPsf] yfkfynLsf] k'n lj=;+= @)%) sf] ebf} d;fGtsf lbg sf]N6] k¥of] . ;8s ljefu eml:sof] . pkTosfsf b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L k'n ;+/IF0fsf] of]hgf Ps;fy ;'? eof] . jfUdtL gbL kl/jf/ / gbL5]psf jfUdtL ;Eotf / ;+:s[lt ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f eg] u/]gg\ . cfh o; pkTosfsf gbLx¿ hg;+Vofsf] rfkn] ubf{ pRr :t/sf 9ndtL t ePeP, clg sltko gbLx¿df xtf/df tf/hfnLaf6 ag]sf af"wx¿ vf]nfn] aufP jf elTsP . k'n ;+/IF0fs} df}sf kf/]/ gbLnfO{ ;f"3'/f] kfg{], ;x/L kmf]xf]/d}nf la5fpg] / gbL xl/tdfu{ agfpg] ;kgf b]Vg]x¿n] df}sf 5f]k] . ;x/L kmf]xf]/d}nfn] ;bfsf lglDt gbL k|b"lift x'G5 eGg] jftfj/0fljb\x¿sf] egfOnfO{ / xjfO{hxfhsf] b'3{6gfsf] ;Defjgf a9] klg s;}n] ;'Gg rfx]g . gbL ;f"3'/f] agfPkl5 gbLx¿ l/;fxf, ljWj+;sf/L / ax'nfxf aGg] s'/f klg s;}n] jf:tf u/]gg\ . xfsfxfsL eGg] xf] eg] xfdLn] jfUdtL gbL kl/jf/nfO{ b'u{lGwt, b'Jo{jl:yt, c5"t, s'¿k, dxf/f]uL / s+sfn agfof}+ . o;sf] k|ToIF gsf/fTds k|efj jfUdtL ;Eotfdf k/]sf] 5 . ;Eotfsf k|j4{s jfUdtL kl/jf/sf] ljnfk / lahf]u ;'Gg / a'em\g xfdLn] rfx]gf}+ .

gbLx¿sf] ;Dks{df cfp"bf d}n] a'em];Ddsf] pgLx¿sf] kL8fsf] ;Gb]z kf7sx¿df k'¥ofpg d}n] af¥xv/L l;Sbfsf] 7"nf] j0f{dfnf cfh km]l/ kN6fP/ x]/]+ . t/ tL kL8fx¿sf] :ki6 / k|ToIF j0f{g ug{ rflxg] cIF/x¿ km]nf kfg{ ;lsg" . g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf] a[xt\ g]kfnL zAbsf]zdf pko'Qm zAb klg e]l6Pg .

o;}n] ca jfUdtL ;Eotfsf ljgfzsf/L / ljsf;sf/L ljj/0fx¿ hDdf ug{ / Jojl:yt ug{ o'jf k':tf nfUg'k5{ . o;sf] vf]h, cWoog / cg';Gwfgn] xfd|f o'jfx¿df ;d:of s]nfP/ x]g{] zlQm a9fpg]5 . a'l4j4{s / k|]/0ffbfoL x'g]5 . o'jf k':tfn] kf/blz{tfsf] dxŒj a'em\g]5g\ . hg;xeflutf h'6fpg] ;Lk o'jfx¿df knfP/ cfpg]5 / kl5sf lbgx¿sf nflu /fi6«nfO{ g]t[Tj lbg ;Sg] JolQm x'g]5g\ . o:tf of]hgfx¿df lzIF0f ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xeflutf clt dxŒjsf] x'g]5 . Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf] ;+nUgtfsf] vf"rf] oxf" kg{ cfp"5 . cfkm\g" pd]/nfO{ yftL /fv]/ o'jf k':tf;"u /dfpg' j[4/f]ulgjf/s a'6L klg xf] . ;f/f+zdf dg, jrg / sd{n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ ;bf z'4 /fv]/ o'jsx¿ nfluk/]df jfUdtL ;Eotfsf u'0f / cju'0f yfxf x'G5 / ;EotfnfO{ gjhfu/0f u/fpg ;fy{s x'g]5 .

krf; ?k}of+ dfu]sf] lyof], sd}df eof]

;'bLk >]i7

;fOsndf Ps emf]nf ;'Gtnf em'G8\ofP/ zDe' ;fx t]nL jL/uGhaf6 /S;f}n uO/x]sf lyP . af6f]df Og?jf rf}sLlg/ pgnfO{ b'O{ k|x/L hjfgn] /f]s] . ;fx /S;f}ns} afl;Gbf lyP . jL/uGhdf kmnkm"n ;:tf] 7fg]/ lsg]sf /x]5g\ pgn] . ;'Gtnf n}hfg' s'g} cy{df ck/fw lyPg . g eG;f/ ltg'{kYof]{, g :yfgLo ahf/ lau|]nf eGg] 8/ . To;eGbf sl/a b'O{ lsnf] ;'Gtnf †

t/, xfd|F /fi6«;]js k|x/L bfh'x¿n] pgnfO{ hfg lbPgg\ . xfsfxfsL eg], …%) ?k}of" rflxG5 .Ú s]xLa]/ b'j} kIFaLr df]ndf]nfO eO/x\of] . 3"; slt lng] / slt lbg] eGg] df]ndf]nfO lyof] Tof] . k|x/L k|zf;gsf] st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L e'n]/, ;f]Rbf g} l3gnfUbf] rl/q k|bz{g ul//x]sf lyP tL hjfgn] . ;fx klg a8f] rnfv /x]5g\ . x'g ;S5 of] af6f] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ubf{ubf{ pgL o:tf] 36gf;"u /fd|/L kl/lrt eO;s]sf lyP . o;cl3 klg w]/}kN6 Toxf"sf k|x/LnfO{ 3"; VjfPsf x'g ;S5g\ . tL hjfgsf] cfTdfsf] d"No slt xf] eGg] pgnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf lyof] . pgL ToxL d"No r'sfP/ cfkm\gf] af6f] nfu] . s] tkfO{+ cg'dfg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5, %) ?k}of" dfUg] tL k|x/Laf6 pgn] sltdf 5'6sf/f kfP < b'O{ bfgf ;'Gtnfdf . dfq b'O{ bfgf ;'Gtnf †

cl3Nnf] ;f]daf/ laxfg emG8} !) ah]lt/sf] 36gf xf] of] . s[lif pTkfbg;DaGwL ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug{ d jL/uGh k'u]sf] lyP" . Ps ldqn] Og?jf gfsfaf6 x'g] e|i6frf/af/] atfp"b} eg], …tkfO{+n] s]xL ug}{kb}{g, o;f] Ps÷b'O{ rf]l6 cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ug'{;\, ;a} 36gf To;} b]lvG5 .Ú x'g klg To:t} eof] . jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{no kf/ u/]/ /S;f}nlt/ hf"bf Pp6f u]6 cfp"5 . ToxL u]6lg/ 8]/f hdfP/ k|x/Lx¿n] e|i6frf/sf] v'nf tf08j b]vfO/x]sf lyP . k|x/Lsf] emGem6 kG5fP/ lglZrGt cl3 al9/x]sf zDe'nfO{ /f]s]/ d}n] ;f]w]+, …olt ;lhn} s;/L 5'6\g'ef] <Ú …s]xL uf¥xf] 5}g, pgLx¿ %), ;o dfU5g\, Psl5g lsrlsr ug'{;\, !)÷!% ?k}of"d} sfd algxfN5,Ú pgL eGb} lyP, …of] t xfd|F] lbglbgsf] ;d:of xf] .Ú

jL/uGhdf Og?jf gfsfsf k|x/Lx¿n] lbg] b'Mv :yfgLo afl;Gbfaf6 n's]sf] 5}g . ljutdf w]/}kN6 of] ljifo rrf{df cfPsf] lyof] . s}of}+k6s oxf"sf k"/fsf k"/f k|x/L 6f]nL g} kl/jt{g ePsf pbfx/0f;d]t 5g\ . vf; u/L g]kfn cfpg] ef/tLo ko{6s ltgsf] l;sf/ x'G5g\ . ko{6g IF]qleq o;af/] w]/} u'gf;f] ;'lgg] u/]sf] 5 . Ps ef/tLo ko{6sn] eg], …Og?jfdf k};f Vjfpg] emGem6n] klg g]kfn cfpg dg nfUb}g .Ú lsgd]nsf nflu cfpg] ef/tLonfO{ klg kms{g] a]nf b'Mv lbg] u5{g\ pgLx¿ . clncln vr{kfgL glbP;Dd 5'6sf/f kfpg] s'/} 5}g . To;} lbg klg zDe'n] 5'6sf/f kfPkl5 l/S;fdf cfO/x]sf b'O{ JolQm;"u n]gb]gsf] s'/f ub}{ lyP tL b'O{ hjfg .

3";vf]/L / e|i6frf/n] k|x/L–k|zf;g / ;/sf/L sd{rf/LtGqnfO{ g/fd|/L uf"h]sf] 5 . To;dfly ;LdfjtL{ IF]q, vf; u/L jL/uGhdf of] k|j[lQ a9L g} kfOG5 . k|d'v eG;f/ gfsf ePsfn] oxf" k|x/L–k|zf;gs} 5q5fofdf t:s/L df}nfPsf] 5 . ;Ldfdf ;]gf kl/rfng ePkl5 of] qmd s]xL 36] klg /f]lsPsf] 5}g . t:s/L /f]Sg] qmddf PskN6 nfhdbf]{ 36gf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . 5Ks}ofdf u:tL ul//x]sf a]nf ;]gfsf] gh/ Ps JolQmdfly k¥of], hf] xftn] O;f/f ub}{ t:s/x¿nfO{ ;fdfg Nofpg ;+s]t lbO/x]sf lyP . u:tL 6f]nLn] tL JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/L vfgtnf;L ubf{ vNtLaf6 ;/sf/L kl/ro–kq km]nf k¥of] . pgL k|x/L /x]5g\ .

cfly{s nfesf nflu cfkm\gf] cfTdf a]Rg rfxg]x¿s} sf/0f cfh lgod–sfg'g, Odfgbf/L, g}ltstf eGg] s'/f l;4fGtdf ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . ck/fwLx¿ sfg'gnfO{ xn'sf kf/fn] lnG5g\ . lgodsf] aGb]h eP klg k};f VjfP/ ldnfp"nf eGg] u/]sf] ;j{q ;'lgG5 . 6«flkms lgod ldr]/ kqmfp k/]sf rfns 7"nf] :j/n] vnf;LnfO{ eGg] u5{g\, …kf"r ?k}of" xfNb] g To;sf] uf]hLdf .Ú pgsf] ;+s]t s]/sf/ ul//x]sf k|x/Llt/ x'G5 . olt g/fd|/L lalu|;s]sf] 5 ;dfhsf /Ifsx¿sf] rl/q . oxL e|d0fsf qmddf O6x/Laf6 jL/uGh cfO/x]sf a]nf d r9]sf] a;nfO{ /fhdfu{df 6«flkmsn] /f]Sof] . pgn] ;jf/L cg'dltkq NofPsf /x]g5g\ . 6«flkmsn] ;'?df t 5f]8\g dflg/x]sf lyPgg\ . kl5 %) ?k}of"df ;xdlt eof] . df]6/;fOsn rnfpg ghfGg]nfO{ a;, 6«s;d]tsf] ;jf/L nfO;]G; lbPsf] pbfx/0f klg 5 . s]xLcl3 w/fgdf b'j} cf"vf gb]Vg]n] nfO;]G; kfPsf] k|s/0f rrf{df cfPsf] lyof] . :jf:Yo k|dfl0ft ug]{ lrlsT;sb]lv k"/} k|zf;g ldn]/ cf"vf gb]Vg]nfO{ ;d]t nfO;]G; pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] .

;'zf;g eGg]lalQs} gLlt–lgdf{0f txdf x'g] s/f]8f}+ e|i6frf/sf] dfq rrf{ x'G5 . a9L k|fyldstf klg ltg}n] kfpg] u5{g\ . t/, tNnf] :t/df ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ u/L x'g] o:tf ;;fgf e|i6frf/n] g} jf:tjdf d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf] ult ;':t agfPsf x'g\ . ck/fwL kqmg'kg]{ ;'/IFf lgsfon] g} cfk/flws Jojxf/ u/]kl5 gful/sn] sxf" ;'/IFfsf] ;f; lng] < o;f] eg]/ k"/} k|x/L–k|zf;g e|i6 5 eGg vf]lhPsf] xf]Og . Odfgbf/sf] ;+Vof a]Odfgsf] eGbf w]/} g} xf]nf . t/, tL Odfgbf/n] cfkm" kf}l8/x]sf] kf]v/L ;kmf ug{ vf]h]sf 5}gg\ . kmf]xf]/ kfgLdf 8'a'NsL df/]kl5 To;sf] uGwn] t p;nfO{ klg 5'g] g} ef] .

;/sf/L sd{rf/L tGqleq klg e|i6frf/ g/fd|/L km}lnPsf] 5 . lrof gVjfO{ jf clncln k};f glbO{ s'g} sfd aGb}g . s/ ltg{b]lv pBf]u vf]Ng;Dd sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ug'{kg]{ afWotf 5 hgtfnfO{ . dfnkf]tdf ;fgf]ltgf] sfd 5 eg] sd{rf/LnfO{ %)÷^) ?k}of" Vjfpg'k/]sf] cg'ej xfdL ;a}nfO{ 5 .

3"; vf"bf % ?k}of" / % nfvaLr s'g} cGt/ 5}g . cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ s;}n] cltl/Qm cfly{s nfesf] cfzf u5{ eg] Tof] g} ;aeGbf 7"nf] e|i6frf/ xf] . slt ?k}of" dfUof] eGg] s'/f To;kl5 dfq cfp"5 . …%) ?k}of" dfq lnPsf] t xf] lg † nfvf}+ vfg]nfO{ s]xL ePg, d}n]rflx" s] ck/fw u/]+Ú eGb} s;}n] ;kmfO k]; u5{ eg] Tof] g} unt xf] . b'j} y/Lsf nflu sf/afxL x'g'k5{ . w]/} 3"; lng]nfO{ dfq sf/afxL u/L yf]/} lng]nfO{ 5f]8\g] s'/f x'"b}g . ;'zf;g / c;n zf;gsf] gf/fnfO{ ;fy{s t'Nofpg] xf] eg] tn}b]lv ;kmf ub}{ Nofpg'k5{ . k|x/L / sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ klg cltl/Qm nfesf] cfzf /fv];Dd ;'zf;g sfod ePsf] bfaL ug{ ldNb}g .