sLlt{dfg sfod ub}{ d]xa'an] g]kfnnfO{ ef/L cGt/n] lhtfP

cho xdfn

sf7df8f}+, @# kmfu'g– Odlh{ª g];G; lqsf]0ffTds lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t z'qmaf/ d]xa'a cfndsf] sLlt{dfg alnª cfqmd0f;fd' lg/Lx ePsf] dflNbE;nfO{ g]kfnn] Ps ;o !^ /gn] x/fPsf] 5 .

sLlt{k'/l:yt cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6 d}bfgdf 6; hLlt klxn] Aofl6ª /f]h]sf] g]kfnn] k/]z nf]xgLsf] zfgbf/ Aofl6ª dbtn] $) cf]e/ b'O{ andf ;a} ljs]6 u'dfP/ Ps ;o &# /g hf]8]sf] lyof] . k|ltpQ/df Ps ;o &$ /gsf] ljho nIo lnP/ d}bfgdf pq]sf] kfx'gf l6d @) cf]e/ Ps andf %& /g dfq hf]8L ;d]l6of] .

k|f/lDes Aof6\;Dofg k/]z nf]xgLn] Ps ;o tLg andf gf} rf}sf;lxt pQm /g hf]8]kl5 g]kfnn] ultnf] of]ukmn h'6fPsf] xf] . klxnf] ansf] ;fdgf ubf{ /gcfp6af6 hf]luPsf nf]xgL gjf+} ljs]6sf] ¿kdf l6dsf] Ps ;o ^# /g l:yltdf ckm\hn km}hsf] andf af]N8 eP .

g]kfnL l6dsf >Ln+sfnL k|lzIfs /f]o 8fo;n] v]nf8Lsf] Aofl6ª k|bz{g ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf] atfP . …cf7 dlxgfkl5 7"nf] k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL ePsfn] o:tf] ePsf] x'g ;S5 .Ú e'6fglj?4 zlgaf/ pTs[i6 v]nf8L d}bfgdf ptfg]{ ;+s]t ub}{ 8fo;n] eg] .

laxLaf/ e'6fglj?4 gf} ljs]6sf] ljho xfl;n u/]sf] dflNbE;sf] cf7 ljs]6 lnPkl5 afof“xft] tLj| ultsf an/ d]xa'a cfndn] bf];|F] P;L;L 6«kmL lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfdf bLk]Gb| rf}w/Ln] o'POlj?4 agfPsf] ^–$^ sf] sLlt{dfg e+u u/] .

…g]kfnL v]nf8LnfO{ ga'em]kl5 v]nf8Ln] pRr /g agfpg ;s]gg\,Ú dflNbE;sf k|lzIfs kmOh ;dfbn] atfP . …pTs[i6 lx6/ eP klg d]xa'asf] alnªnfO{ a'em\g gkfPkl5 l6d sd /gdf ;d]l6of] .Ú cDkfo/n] s]xL unt lg0f{o u/]sf] atfp“b} kmOhn] eg] .

d]xa'asf] :k]n ;dflKt;Dd sdhf]/ l:yltdf k'lu;s]sf] dflNbE;sf] clGtd ljs]6sf ¿kdf df]xdb xfaLanfO{ zlQm uf}rgn] af]N8 u/]kl5 kfx'gf l6d @) cf]e/ b'O{ andf lqmh 5f]8\g afWo eof] . k/flht l6dsf nflu :dfOn glbdn] @^ /gsf] pRr of]ubfg u/] . @* andf Ps 5Ssf / rf/ rf}sf ;xof]un] pQm /g hf]8]sf :dfOn d]xa'as} andf a/bfg rfln;]åf/f se/ 8«fOedf ;dfltP . :dfOnafx]s cGo s'g} Aof6\;Dofgn] b'O{ c+ssf] :sf]/ hf]8g ;s]gg\ . kfx'gf l6dsf kf“r Aof6\;Dofg vftf vf]Ngaf6 jl~rt eP .

dflNbE;n] t];|F] cf]e/sf] clGtd andf Aof6af6 klxnf] /g hf]8]sf] lyof] . Dofg ckm b Dofr d]xa'an] klxnf] cf]e/sf] t];|f] andf cln cflhdnfO{ PnaL8An"sf] w/fkdf kf/] eg] 5}6f+ andf cAb'Nnf l/hfnfO{ af]N8 kf/] . pgn] !) cf]e/df gf} jfO8;lxt @# /g vr]{ .

To:t} kfx'gf l6dsf] Ps ljs]6 ljgf]b bf;n] lnP . ljgf]bsf] andf cxdb gfl;/nfO{ ljs]6 lsk/ dgf]h s6'jfnn] ;dft] .

o;cl3 g]kfnsf k|F/lDes Aof6\;Dofg k/]znfO{ cGo Aof6\;Dofgn] nfdf] ;do;Dd lqmhdf ;fy glbP klg ljs]6 lsk/ dgf]hn] s]xL xb;Dd ;fy lbg ;kmn eP . dgf]h #$ andf b'O{ rf}sf ;xof]un] !& /g hf]8]kl5 eflNbE;sf sKtfg df];fåf/f PnaL8An" w/fkdf k/] .

bLk]Gb| rf}w/L / zlQm uf}rgnfO{ PnaL8An"åf/f k]lelnog k7fpg ;kmn eflNbE;sf v]nf8L cab'Nnf zlxbsf] x\ofl6«s ug]{ ;kgfnfO{ kf/; n'lgofn] ljkmn t'NofP . cab'Nnfn] !# cf}+ cf]e/sf] t];|F] tyf rf}yf] andf b'O{ v]nf8LnfO{ cfp6 u/]sf lyP . g]kfnL l6dsf nflu b'O{ c+ssf] :sf]/ a6'Ng] t];|F] v]nf8Ldf d]xa'a cfnd kgL /x] . pgn] !# andf b'O{ rf}sf dbtn] pQm /g xfl;n u/] .

g]kfn

k/]z nf]xgL af]= kmOh *)

d]xa'a cfnd s= tyf af]= g]xb !)

a/bfg rfln;] af]= cab'Nnf &

bLk]Gb| rf}w/L PnaL8An" af]= cab'Nnf (

zlQm uf}rg PnaL8An" af]= cab'Nnf )

kf/; n'lgof s= kmOh af]= g]xb *

/fh' v8\sf af]= :dfOn #

ljgf]b bf; s= kmOh af]= df];f $

dgf]h s6'jfn PnaL8An" af]= df];f !&

;Ghd /]UdL cljlht !

/fhs'df/ k|wfg s= tyf af]= df];f @

cltl/Qm M #@

s'n M -$)=@ cf]e/df ;a} ljs]6 u'dfP/_ !&#

ljs]6 ktg M !–!%, @–$), #–^), $–^), %–(#, ^–!)), &–!!(, *–!^!, (–!^#, !)–!&#

alnª M g]xb %–!–@*–@, glbd %–)–@^–!, lg;/ &–@–!*–$,
cab'Nnf (–!–$$–#, kmOh ^–)–@@–!, df];f ^=@–@–@%–#

dflNbE;

cln clhd PnaL8An" af]= d]xa'a )

cxdb x';}g af]= d]xa'a @

cAb'Nnf l/hf af]= d]xa'a )

cxdb gfl;/ s= dgf]h af]= ljgf]b )

df];f slnd Pnla8An' af]= d]xa'a @

cab'Nnf ;lkms af]= dx]a'a )

ckmhn kmOh PnaL8An" af]= d]xa'a @

:dfOn glbd s= a/bfg af]= d]xa'a @^

cab'Nnf zlxb af]= dx]a'a !

:dfOn lgxb cljlht *

df]xdb xlaa af]= zlQm )

cltl/Qm M !^

s'n M -@)=! cf]e/df ;a} ljs]6 u'dfP/_ %&

ljs]6 ktg M !–!, @–!, #–%, $–(, %–(, ^–!!, &–!@, *–##, (–$$, !)–%&

alnª M d]xa'a !)–)–@#–*, /fh' @–!–!–), zlQm @=!–!–!–!, ljgf]b ^–@–@^–!

?kGb]xL SofDk;nfO{ a[x:klt sk

dfwj 9'+ufgf

e}/xjf, @# kmfu'g– ?kGb]xL SofDk;sf l/hg k|h'n] cf7 rf}sf / Ps 5Ssf k|xf/ ub}{ $# /g agfPkl5 ?kGb]xL SofDk;n] rf}yf] a[x:kltsk xft kf/]sf] 5 .

a[x:klt pRr dflj e}/xjfåf/f cfof]lht cGt/–SofDk; lhNnf:t/Lo rf}yf] a[x:kltsk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t z'qmaf/ ;DkGg clGtd v]ndf a'4Hof]lt pRr dfljnfO{ rf/ ljs]6n] k/flht u/]/ ?kGb]xL SofDk; ljh]tf ag]sf] xf] .

ljho;“u} ?kGb]xL SofDk; nuftf/ tLg k6s;Dd ljh]tf aGg ;kmn /x\of] .

a'4Hof]ltn] 6; lht]/ klxnf] Aofl6ª ub}{ lgwf{l/t #% cf]e/sf] v]ndf #@=$ cf]e/df ;a} ljs]6 u'dfP/ ! ;o @! /g agfof] . k|To'Q/df ?kGb]xL SofDk;n] !(=# cf]e/leq} ! ;o @@ /gsf] ljho nIonfO{ ;xh} kf/ u/]sf] lyof] .

a'4Hof]lt pRr dfljsf ;f]d/fh u'?ªn] ;jf{lws @&, pT;j kGtn] !%, ;b'{n xfo/n] !@ / ;'zfGt e§/fO{n] !) /g agfPsf lyP .

alnªtk{m ?kGb]xL SofDk;sf a;Gt /]UdLn] ^ cf]e/df @( /g lbP/ tLg, lbk]g nfdufb] b'O{, ;Gtf]if ho;jfnn] Ps ljs]6 / s[i0f s'"j/n] b'O{ ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . a'4Hof]ltsf an/ pT;j kGtn] b'O{, ;f]d/f u'?ªn] Ps, dgf]h u'Ktfn] Ps / lg/h zfSon] klg Ps ljs]6 k|fKt u/]sf lyP .

k|ltof]lutfdf j]:6 an/ e}/xjf pRr dfljsf czf]s If]qL, j]:6 lkmN8/ ?kGb]xL SofDk;sf j;Gt /]UdL, j]:6 ljs]6 lsk/ ?kGb]xL SofDk;sf dgf]h e08f/L 3f]lift eP eg] df:6/ Anf:6/sf] pkflw a[x:klt pRr dfljsf ;'zfGt t'nfw/n] k|fKt u/]sf lyP . a'4Hof]ltsf pT;j kGt Dofg ckm b l;l/haf6 ;Ddflgt eP .

/fli6«o v]nf8L ;xefuL k|ltof]lutf x]g{ kfp+bf b+u 5g\ g]kfnuGhjf;L

?b| v8\sf

g]kfnuGh, @# kmfu'g– ljleGg v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf la/n} x'g] o; lhNnfdf b'O{ jif{kl5 /fli6«o v]nf8L ;xefuL If]qLo:t/sf] k'm6an k|ltof]lutf x]g{ kfp“bf :yfgLojf;L y'k|} sfd yf“tL /fvL /+uzfnf k'Ug yfn]sf 5g\ .

/fhwfgL sf7df8f}+kl5 lj/f6gu/ / kf]v/fdf s}of+} /fd|f–/fd|f v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng x'"b} cfP klg IF]qLo:t/df ;dfg dxŒj /fVg] g]kfnuGhdf eg] 7"nf k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng gx'"bf :yfgLo v]nf8L / bz{sn] ;w}+ dg b'vfpg] u/]sf lyP .

o;kfln ePsf] If]qLo:t/sf] v's'/Lsk km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf bz{s a9L tflgg'df /fli6«o v]nf8L / ;d"x ;xefuL x'g' k|d'v sf/0f xf] . …/fli6«o:t/d} rlr{t v]nf8L ;xefuL ePsfn] v's'/Lsksf ;a} k|ltof]lutf g5f]8L x]/]sf] x'"Ú km'6ank|]dL lji0f' clwsf/Ln] eg] .Ú

/fli6«o / IF]qLo:t/df s'g} klg k|ltof]lutf x'g g;s]kl5 b'O{ jif{b]lv nueu v]ns'b ultljlwlaxLg af“s]df cfp“bf lbgdf eg] lhNnf:t/Lo tyf Sna:t/Lo ljleGg k|ltof]lutfx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] v]nf8Lx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .

…xfdLn] /fli6«o v]nf8Laf6 w]/} l;Sg kfPsf 5f}+ . If]qLo:t/sf] v's'/Lsk k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL af“s]sf df]8]n l6dsf sKtfg h+uaxfb'/ yfkfn] eg]– …/fd|f] k|lzIf0f kfP xfdL klg Jofj;flos v]nf8L x'G5f}+ eGg] /fli6«o v]nf8Lsf] ;+utn] yfxf kfof}+ .Ú

af“s]sf km'6an k|lzIfs ;fg' tfdfªn] klg ljuteGbf o;kfln km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf v]nf8Ln] u'0ffTds km8sf] df/]sf] hgfp“b} ;DalGwt kIFn] rf;f] b]vfP :yfgLo:t/af6 ultnf v]nf8L pTkfbg x'g] ;Defjgf JoQm u/] .

Ps ;ftfb]lv eO/x]sf] IF]qLo:t/sf] km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf /fli6«o:t/sf …PÚ l8lehgdf kg]{ dgfª–d:of{ª\bL, ;+s6f, cf/;L6L / gS;fn o'jf d08n;lxt kGw| l6dn] k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf 5g\ .

;zQm v]n v]Nb} cfPsf dgfª–d:of{ª\bL, ;+s6f / cf/;L6Ln] ljutsf] OHhtnfO{ wfGg o;kfln klg ;kmn /x]sf 5g\ eg] …PÚ l8lehgsf] gS;fn o'jf d08n eg] emfkfaf6 5gf}6 eP/ cfPsf] o'gfO6]8 o'jf :kf]6{; SnanfO{ x/fpg g;sL lns r/0faf6} aflx/g k'Uof] .