:jf:Yo;DaGwL r]tgf hufpg sflGtk'/ / kLP;cfO{aLr ;Demf}tf

sflGtk'/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+, !@ r}t– k|hgg :jf:Yo;DaGwL r]tgf hufpg sflGtk'/ klAns];G; / k|hgg :jf:Yo If]qdf sfo{/t kk'n];g ;le{;]h OG6/g];gn -kLP;cfO{_ aLr a'waf/ ;xof]u cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ ;dembf/Lkqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 .

;dembf/Lkqdf klAns];G;sf tkm{af6 k|aGw lgb]{zs s}nf; l;/f]lxof / kLP;cfO{sf tkm{af6 g]kfnl:yt k|ltlglw :6]e]g xlgDofgn] x:tfIf/ ug{'eof] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ k|hgg :jf:Yosf If]qdf sfo{/t kk'n];g ;le{;]h OG6/g];gn -kLP;cfO{_ nfO{ …;+:yfut ;fdflhs bfloTj cleofgÚ sf ¿kdf klAns];G;n] ;xof]u ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

…xfdL kLP;cfO{nfO{ xfd|f] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs bfloTj cleofgsf ¿kdf ;xof]u ug{ k|lta4 5f}+Ú, klAns];G;sf k|aGw lgb]{zs l;/f]lxofn] eGg'eof]– …o:tf] cleofgdf nfu]sf ;a} ;+3;+:yfnfO{ xfdLn] ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+, b]zsf] :jf:Yo :t/ psf:g] o:tf kxndf xfdL ;fy lbg rfxG5f}+ .Ú

kLP;cfO{n] ljZjJofkL ?kdf k|hgg :jf:Yodfkm{t ;fdflhs ahf/ ;+oGq ljsf; ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . kLP;cfO{n] cfufdL j}zfv Ps ut]b]lv kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] c:yfoL ;fwg s08dsf] gof" a|fG8 …gDa/–jgÚ nfO{ ahf/df k|j4{g;d]t ub}{5 . k|hgg :jf:Yodf pNn]vgLo ;'wf/ gcfPsf sf/0f d[To' / hGdb/ a9\b} uPsf] pNn]v ub}{ l;/f]lxofn] eGg'eof]– …o:tf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf ;~rf/ If]qsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5, k|hgg :jf:Yosf If]qdf hgr]tgf hufpg' g} xfd|f] k|d'v bfloTj xf] .Ú

kLP;cfO{n] cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]usf] ;xof]udf Ps jif{b]lv ;/sf/;"u ldn]/ ;'/lIft dft[Tj, k|hgg / PrcfO{eL P8\;sf If]qdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf kLP;cfO{n] ue{lg/f]ws k|ljlw tyf pks/0f leœofpg] tof/L u/]sf] 5 .

xlgDofgn] k|hgg :jf:Yosf If]qdf ;dfhdf /x]sf] vt/fk"0f{ Jojxf/df ;'wf/ Nofpg cfkm\gf] ;+:yf sfo{/t /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . ;fdflhs ahf/ k|j4{gsf lglDt lqmofzLn ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;+:yf ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ pxf"n] kl/jf/ lgof]hg, P8\; /f]syfd / dft[ :jf:Yonufotsf If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L ug'{eof] .

;fdflhs ahf/ k|j4{gsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ cfºgf ;fem]bf/x¿dWo] dxŒjk"0f{ If]q lghL If]q ePsf] / pgLx¿;"u ldn]/ ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yosf] nIo k|flKtsf lglDt lqmofzLn /x]sf] pNn]v ug'{eof] .

klAns];G;sf skf]{/]6 PhLPd /fh]Gb|axfb'/ l;+xn] c:yfoL ;fwgsf] k|of]u;DaGwL r]tgf dflyNnf] :t/df /x] klg To;sf] k|of]u Go"g /x]sf] x'"bf Tof] cGt/ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;~rf/dfWodn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg] atfpg'eof] .

lzIf0f c:ktfndf ljBfyL{nfO{ pkrf/df 5'6

u0f]z /fO{

sf7df8f}+, !@ r}t– lqe'jg ljZjljBfnon] cfufdL zlgaf/b]lv dxf/fhu~hl:yt lzIf0f c:ktfndf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ krf; k|ltzt 5'6;lxtsf] :jf:Yof]krf/ ;'ljwf lbg] ePsf] 5 .

g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 -g]lj;+3_, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ nufotn] /fv]sf z}lIfs ;'wf/ / ljBfyL{ ;x'lnotsf dfucg';f/ lqljcGtu{tsf ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ ;x'lnot lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] xf] .

o;}u/L lghL If]qdf ;~rflnt gl;{ªxf]d tyf c:ktfnx¿df ;d]t :jf:Yof]krf/sf lglDt ;x'lnot pknAw u/fpg lqljn] P;f]l;P;g ckm k|fOe]6 x]Ny OlG:6Ro'6sf cWoIf 8f=ef]nf l/hfnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf Ps ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 .

lzIffWoIfsf] sfof{non] g]lj;+3nfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/Lkqdf …lqlj lzIf0f c:ktfnn] k|bfg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;]jfdf ;d]t @)%( r}t !% af6 lqljsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] :jf:Yof]krf/ vr{df krf; k|ltzt /sd 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] pNn]v 5 .

;fdfGo pkrf/sf lglDt kGw| ?k}of" k|j]z z'Nsafx]s c:ktfndf pknAw cf}iflw d"Nodf krf; k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] ePsf] 5 . ;fdfGo PS;/] z'Ns $) ?k}of"b]lv l;l6:Sofgh:tf hl6n PS;/]sf lglDt * xhf/ ?k}of" hlt nfUg] c:ktfnn] hgfPsf] 5 .

bLgb'MvLsf lglDt lgMz'Ns zøof / vfgfafx]s @% ?k}of"b]lv ;'ljwf;DkGg kf"r xhf/ ?k}of";Ddsf zøof /x]sf 5g\ . lzIf0f c:ktfnn] lqljcGtu{tsf sd{rf/L / lzIfsx¿nfO{ () k|ltzt 5'6 ;'ljwf lb+b} cfPsf] 5 .

lqe'jg ljZjljBfnon] cfGtl/s ;|f]t j[l4 ug{ tyf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;|f]t h'6fpg s]Gb|Lo ljefusf k|d'v 8f=;Gtf]if/fh kf}8]nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

o;}u/L z}lIfs k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{nfO{ ;'ky b/df ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L :t/af6 ;~rflnt a+}s tyf cGo ;+:yfaf6 …z}lIfs C0fÚ pknAw u/fpg u[xsfo{ ;'? ePsf] 5 . o;sf lglDt k|f=8f=tLy{k|;fb ld>sf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:oLo …z}lIfs C0f pknAw u/fpg]af/] cWoog ;ldltÚ u7g ePsf] 5 .

o;}u/L xfn;Dd k7gkf7g ePs} SofDk;df k/LIff ;~rfng ul/+b} cfPsf] / To;f] ul/+bf ljBfyL{sf] k9fOdf afwf k'Ug] ePsfn] 5'§} k/LIff s]Gb| Joj:yf ug{ dfu /fVb} cfPsf x'g\ . o;sf lglDt tLg s/f]8 nfutdf Ps jif{leq 5'§} k/LIff s]Gb|sf] Joj:yf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . /fhwfgLleq o;} j}zfvdf lznfGof; u/L @ xhf/ k/LIffyL{ Ifdtfsf] ejg lgdf{0f ul/g] lzIffWoIf k|f=8f=dx]Gb| l;+xn] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 .

clwsf+z ljZjljBfno ;x/LIf]qdf s]lGb|t /x]sfn] pRrlzIff xfl;n ug{ rfxg] ljBfyL{nfO{ 3/ef8f ;x'lnot dfu ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ gLlt lgdf{0f tof/L u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

o;}u/L cGwf tyf ckfË ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns egf{ tyf lzIffzf:q ;+sfocGtu{t ljz]if lzIf0fsf] Joj:yfsf ;fy} ;f+s]lts efiff ljsf; kl/of]hgf ;~rfng tof/L /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;fy} ckfË, blnt, hghflt / clt lk5l8Psf b'u{d If]qsf ljBfyL{x¿sf lglDt 5fqj[lQ tyf cGo ;'ljwf sf]if :yfkgfy{ cWoog ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 .

ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] lagf:jLs[lt cGoq sfd ug{ gkfOg] lqlj sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

lqe'jg ljZjljBfnol;t ;fta'"b] dfu;lxt Ps dlxgfb]lv cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf] g]lj;+3n] pQm lg0f{o k"0f{¿kdf sfof{Gjog u/fpg cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .

k|fs[lts pkrf/ljlwsf] k|rf/ ug{ k|wfgdGqLsf] ;'emfj

sf7df8f}+, !@ r}t -sf;_– …tLg jif{ cl3dfq of]uf tyf /]sL pkrf/ ;]jfsf] ljlwjt k|lzIf0f lnPsf] x'"Ú /fhwfgLdf a'waf/ cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmdkl5 k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] ;~rf/sdL{x¿;"u eGg'eof] .

nf]sGynLsf] lbJo]Zj/L dlGb/sf] k|f+u0fdf JolQmTj ljsf; s]Gb|åf/f cfof]lht …PsxKt] j}1flgs of]uf tyf /]sL pkrf/ ;]jfÚ sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly rGbn] of]u / zflGtdf s]lGb|t eP/ k|jrg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . cfof]hs ;+:yfsf] ;+of]hs ;'zLnf /f0ffn] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{Jo:ttfn] of]uf ug{ gEofPsf]df b'Mv];f] JoQm ub}{ k|wfgdGqL rGbn] eGg'eof], …d t cr]n o:tf] ultljlwdf ;fd]n x'g kfPsf] 5}g, t/ o;df k|j]z ubf{sf] dw'/ cfgGbnfO{ la;{g ;lSbg .Ú

k|wfgdGqL rGbn] afx\o jftfj/0f zflGtsf nflu dgsf] zflGt cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .

Pnf]Koflys cf}iflwn] lgsf] kfg{ g;s]sf] /f]unfO{ /]sL pkrf/ k4ltn] yfdy'd kf/]sf y'k|} 36gfx¿ cfkm"n] ;'g]sf] cf}+Nofp"b} k|wfgdGqL rGbn] eGg'eof]– …;do;"u} of] pkrf/ xfd|f] 3/ b}nf]df cfPsf] 5, /]sL l;Sg hfkfg / cGo d'n's hfg] cj:yf 5}g .Ú …o;df ;xefuL eP/ gof" cfgGb lng';\,Ú pxf"n] eGg'eof] .

kGw| jif{b]lv :jb]zdf /]sL -:kz{ lrlsT;f_ pkrf/ ;]jfdf nflu kg'{ePsf of]uL 8f= ljsfzfgGbn] ljZjsf] rf/ ca{ JolQm of]u 1fgsf] cefjdf czfGt /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .

of]u, /]sL tyf k|fs[lts :jf:Yo k|lti7fgsf 8f= r]tgfy clwsf/Lsf cg';f/ /]sLnfO{ :kz{ lrlsT;f ljlw / PghL{ d]l86];g klg elgG5 . o; pkrf/ k4ltdf ^ xhf/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;xeflutf ePsf] pxf"n] atfpg'eof] .

cfof]hs ;+:yfåf/f k|ydk6s cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf kf"r ;o a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

kqsf/nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/

sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;qsf] ;dflKtkl5 cfof]lht lrofkfg ;df/f]xdf k|wfgdGqL rGbsf lghL ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] pkl:Yft kqsf/nfO{ w]/}k6s b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf lyP . cf}krfl/s lrofkfg ;df/f]xdf ;xefuL k|wfgdGqL;"u af]Ng vf]Hbf k|wfgdGqLsf lghL ;'/Iffuf8{x¿n] 3r]6]sf lyP .

z'Ns / e]6L ljjfbn] ko{6s s'df/Lsf] bz{g ug{ jl~rt

lht]Gb| ;fx÷ czf]s l;njfn

sf7df8f}+, !@ r}t– z'Ns ljjfbn] xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/ If]q cjnf]sg ug{ cfpg] ljb]zL ko{6sn] b'O{ ;ftf cl3b]lv hLljt b]jL s'df/Lsf] bz{g ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ .

dxfgu/kflnsfn] p7fpg] u/]sf] ko{6s z'Nsdf s'df/L3/sf ;+/Ifsn] lx:;]bf/L vf]Hb} ko{6snfO{ bz{g ;]jfaf6 jl~rt u/]sf] xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/ If]q ;+/If0f sfo{qmd Joj:yfks /lZdnf k|hfkltn] atfpg'eof] . dxfgu/kflnsf cGtu{t /x]sf] sfo{qmdn] @)%* ebf} ! ut]b]lv k|j]z z'Ns lnO/x]sf] 5 . pQm If]qdf ;fs{ If]qsf ko{6snfO{ kRrL; ?k}of" / cGo d'n'ssfnfO{ b'O{ ;o ?k}of" k|Jf]z z'Ns lng] ul/Psf] 5 . :jb]zLn] eg] lgMz'Ns k|j]z kfp"5g\ . pQm If]qaf6 jflif{s ;jf s/f]8 ?k}of"eGbf a9L ko{6s z'Ns p7\g] u/]sf] 5 .

Ps jif{ cl3b]lv ;'? ePsf] ko{6s z'Ns ljjfb clxn] b'j} kIfsf nflu 6fpsf] b'vfO{ ag]sf] :jb]zL bz{gfyL{x¿ atfp"5g\ . :yfgLo pQd v8\sfn] sflGtk'/;"u eg]– …z'Nssf] k|fjwfg gx'"bf ko{6sx¿n] s'df/L3/sf ;+/IfsnfO{ gub e]6L r9fp"y], z'Ns ltg{ yfn]kl5 ko{6sx¿n] e]6L lsg r9fpg] k|Zg u/]kl5 ;d:of rs]{sf] xf] .Ú

z'Ns ljjfbcufl8 To; If]qsf] cjnf]sg ug{ cfpg] ko{6sx¿nfO{ s'df/L3/sf] rf]sleq k:bf bf];|f] tnfsf] em\ofnaf6 s'df/Lsf] bz{g lbg] ul/GYof] . bz{g u/]kl5 pgLx¿n] b]jL s'df/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] >4fn] gube]6L r9fp"y], t/ Tof] gub ;a} s'df/Lsf] ;]jf6xn ug{ s'df/L3/df g} a:g] lrtfObf/n] lng] uYof]{ . dxfgu/kflnsfn] To; If]qsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu l6s6 sf6L z'Ns p7fpg] u/]b]lv ko{6sx¿n] s'df/LnfO{ e]6L r9fpg 5f]8]sf 5g\ . …k|j]z z'Ns a'emfPkl5 ko{6sx¿ s'df/LnfO{ lsg e]6L r9fp"5g\ < k|Zg ub}{ ko{6sx¿nfO{ kyk|bz{g ug]{ ufO8x¿ eG5g\– …ko{6sx¿ s'df/L x]g{ lh2L u5{g\ t/ lrtfObf/n] s'df/Lsf] bz{g u/fp"b}gg\ .

e]6L gr9fpg] ePsfn] s'df/Lsf] bz{g u/fp"lbg eg]/ lrtfObf/sL klt h'h'efO zfSon] ;Lw} eGb}gg\ t/ pgL k|Zg u5{g\ …lbgsf] afx|b]lv ;f9] tLg ah];Dd s'df/Lsf] k9\g] ;do xf], of] ;dodf ko{6sx¿ s'df/L x]g{ kfpg'kg]{ lh2L u5{g\ d}n] s;/L bz{g u/fpg] <Ú lrtfObf/ 1fgb]jL zfSosf klt h'h'efOn] yk]– …of] t s'df/Lsf] ckdfg xf] .Ú lrtfObf/ eGgfn] ;+/Ifs jf ;~rfns eGg] a'lemG5 . 5 k':tfb]lv zfSo lrtfObf/ l5g\ / pgsf ;a} kl/jf/ s'df/L3/df a:5g\ . sflGtk'/sf clGtd dNn /fhf hok|sfzn] s'df/LnfO{ a:g] 3/sf] Joj:yf;lxt 6xn;]jfsf nflu lrtfObf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf lyP .

:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf cg';f/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] z'Ns p7fpg'cl3 lbgsf] s}of}+kN6 em\ofndf pleP/ b]jL s'df/Ln] s'df/Lrf]sdf cfpg] ko{6sx¿nfO{ bz{g lbg'kYof]{, ko{6sx¿n] e]6L r9fpg] uy]{ / Tof] ;a} lrtfObf/n] lng] uYof]{, t/ o:tf] k|Zg slxNo} cfPsf] lyPg . sfo{qmd Joj:yfks k|hfkltn] elgg– …o; If]qdf clwsf+z ko{6sx¿ s'df/Lsf] bz{g ug{ cfp"5g\, z'Ns / e]6L ljjfbn] ljb]zdf ;d]t g/fd|f] ;Gb]z hfg ;S5 .Ú s'df/L3/sf] d'Vo cfo;|f]t ko{6saf6 k|fKt blIf0ff / e]6Ldfq ePsf] cf}+Nofp"b} h'h'efOn] atfpg'eof]– …k|j]z z'Ns lng yfn]b]lv e]6L xgg ePsf]df dxfgu/kflnsfn] o; ;DaGwdf vf; Joj:yf gu/];DdnfO{ s'df/Lsf] bz{g aGb ul/Psf] 5,Ú pxf"n] atfpg'eof] . ut c;f/df klg o:t} ljjfb p7]sf] / To;a]nf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ zt{df bz{g ug{ lbOPsf] pxf"n] atfpg'eof] .

u'7Laf6 lbOg] ;fdfGo b'O{ rf/ ;o ?k}of"n] s'df/Lsf] /]vb]v ug{ g;lsg] lrtfObf/x¿sf] u'gf;f] /lxcfPsf] pxf"n] atfpg'eof] . tLg lbg lalt;Sbf klg s'df/L3/sf ;~rfnsaf6 lnlvt k|:tfj gcfPsf] k|:6 kfb}{ k|hfkltn] eGg'eof]– …sfo{qmdsf] a'waf/ a:g] ljz]if a}7sdf o:f;DaGwL lg0f{o x'g]5 .Ú

;'g;/L–df]/ª l;+rfOdf clgoldttf
gSsnL sd{rf/L b'O{ ltxfO{, tna lxgfldgf

ljsf; yfkf÷;'/]z lg/f}nf

lj/f6gu/, !@ r}t– ;'g;/L–df]/ª l;"rfO cfof]hgfdf Hofnfbf/Ldf sfd nufPsf] elgPdWo] b'O{ ltxfOeGbf a9L gSsnL e]l6Psf 5g\ .

s}of}+ dlxgfsf] xflh/L Pp6} sndsf] d;Ln] ug{] u/]sf] / c¿nfO{ x:tfIf/ ug{ nufP/ tna lems]sf] kfOPkl5 Hofnfbf/Ldf lgo'Qm ePsf elgPsf JolQm gSsnL ePsf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

cfof]hgf ;dfrf/ ;|f]t / Hofnfbf/Ldf sfd ul/;s]sf JolQmx¿sf cg';f/ of] ;+Vof 7"nf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] t];|f] r/0f ;'? ePotf Hofnfbf/L sd{rf/Lsf gfddf xfn;Dd !) s/f]8 ?k}of" vr{ ePsf] ;|f]tn] atfof] . of] /sd cfof]hgfsf s'n sd{rf/Ln] Ps jif{df lng] tnaeGbf !) u'gf a9L xf] . cfof]hgfsf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s tna ! s/f]8 ?k}of" 5 .

ljZj a}+sn] b'O{ ltxfO C0f nufgL u/]sf] cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ;'?df ! ca{ *$ s/f]8 ?k}of" lyof] . l;"rfO ljefun] To;sf] nfut ;+zf]wg u/]/ @ ca{ !* s/f]8 ?k}of" k'¥ofPsf] 5 . t/, l;l~rt x'g] IF]qkmn eg] !% xhf/ ! af6 36fP/ !! xhf/ % ;o sfod ul/Psf] 5 .

cfof]hgfdf sfdsf] af]emcg';f/ k|fljlws ljZn]if0f;lxt s'g ;do / 7fp"df slt sd{rf/L rflxG5 egL of]hgf:t/df …;}4flGts lg0f{oÚ u/]/ lgo'lQm ug{'kg{] lgod 5 . t/, cfof]hgfdf k|fljlws ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df ;+Vof lgwf{/0f;DaGwL lg0f{o gePsf] ;|f]tn] atfof] .

lj/f6gu/l:yt cfof]hgf ;|f]tsf cg';f/ s'n ;+Vofdf b'O{ ltxfOeGbf a9L gSsnL sd{rf/L 5g\ . cfof]hgfsf] /]s8{df Hofnfbf/Ldf lgo'Qm ePsf elgPsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof xhf/eGbf a9L 5 . …k|To]s dlxgf ;of}+sf] gfddf 8f]/ xflh/L kmf/fd eg{] ul/Psf] 5,Ú ;|f]tn] eGof]– …e"m6d'7sf] gfd n]vL cfk\mgf nflu /sd hDdf ug{] lgotn] ljut rf/ jif{b]lv k|To]s dlxgf xhf/f}+ 8f]/ xflh/ kmf/fd eg{] sfd ePsf] 5,Ú ;|f]tsf] bfaL 5 .

;|f]tsf cg';f/ /fhgLlts bafadf lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Ln] dlxgfdf Ps k6s tna a'e\mg sfof{no k'Ug] u5{g\ . cfof]hgfsf cf]e/l;o/x¿n] gfd dfq ;f]wL tf]lsPsf] tna lbg] u5{g\ . g]tfsf] :t/cg';f/ tL JolQmn] # xhf/b]lv $ xhf/ ?k}of";Dd tna kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

8f]/ xflh/L kmf/fddf tLgk':t] gfd n]Vg'k5{ / tna a'e\mbf ;xL5fk ug{'k5{ . …t/, 8f]/ xflh/L kmf/fddf gfd ePsf JolQm dflg; klxrfg u/L cufl8 dfq pEofpg nufpg] xf] eg] &% k|ltzteGbf a9L gSsnL k|dfl0ft x'g]5g\,Ú ;|f]tsf] bfaL 5– …8f]/
xflh/L kmf/fdsf] dfWodaf6 dfq k|ltdlxgf @$ nfveGbf a9L clgoldttf x'g] u5{ .Ú

;|f]tsf] bfaL k'li6 ub{} lj/f6gu/ 3/ ePsf Ps o'jfn] cfof]hgfsf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] s[lqd JolQm v8f u/]/ p;sf] gfddf c¿nfO{ g} x:tfIf/ u/fpg] u/]sf] atfP . cfk"mnfO{ b'xaL l8lehgsf cf]e/l;o/n] tna lng af]nfPsf] :d/0f ub{} pgn] eg]– …kmnfgf] ag]/ cfOh, t]/f] gfddf @% k|ltzt, af"sL d]/f] x'G5 eg]/ saf]n u/fp"y] .Ú

lj/f6gu/– !^ sf PdaLP; k9\b} u/]sf csf{ ljBfyL{n] cfk"mn] lj/f6gu/s} ljBfyL{ g]tfsf] l;kmfl/;df tna vfPsf] sflGtk'/nfO{ atfP . pgn] dlxgfsf] Ps k6s cfof]hgf sfof{nodf uP/ tna dfq lng] t/ sfd s'g} ug{' gkg{] atfP . …t]/f] gfd klg k7fPsf] 5', a'em\ eGof],Ú tL ljBfyL{ g]tfnfO{ p4[t ub{} pgn] eg]– …uP/ a'e\mbf cfof]hgfsf Ps sd{rf/Ln] gfd ;f]w], @ xhf/ $ ;o ?k}of" lbP .Ú

…cfof]hgfsf k|fljlwsn] g} xflh/L ldnfP/ /flvlbPsf] x'GYof], /sd 5f]k]sf] x'GYof], ;xL ubf{ /sd b]lv"b}gYof] . b}lgs Hofnfbf/L eP klg zlgaf/sf] ;d]t k};f cfp"Yof],Ú lj/f6gu/sf] :yfgLo g]tfn] lr6df n]v]sf] e/df cfof]hgfdf …lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/Ú kb kfPsf j8f– !% sf Ps o'jfn] eg]– …d}n] t lkmN8 klg b]v]sf] 5}g .Ú sfof{nodf tna lng] a]nf dfq} 7"nf] hdft b]lvg] u5{ .

…of] t ;/f;/ n'6 xf], n'6,Ú sfd} gu¥of e/df olt w]/} dfG5]nfO{ tna v'jfPsf] d}n] sxL" b]v]sf] 5}g,Ú cfof]hgfsf] n]vf zfvfsf Ps sd{rf/L eG5g\ .

ljZj a}+sn] #& s/f]8 ?k}of" ;Demf}tfeGbf a9L vr{ ePsf] b]vfP/ To;sf] zf]wegf{ u/]sf] 5}g . ;|f]tx¿sf cg';f/ o;/L zf]wegf{ gx'g'df slyt Hofnfbf/L tna, xft] sf]6];gnufotsf hyfefjL vr{ k|d'v 5g\ . of] cfof]hgf @)%$÷%% b]lv ;'? ePsf] xf] . cl3Nnf] jif{ g} cfof]hgfsf] cjlw ;lsP klg To;nfO{ Ps jif{ yk ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfof]hgfsf OlGhlgo/n] dGqfnon] To:tf JolQm g/fv eg]df cfk"mx¿ g/fVg] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ cfk"mx¿n] k|To]s dlxgf cfof]hgf;DaGwL l/kf]6{ l;"rfO ljefu / dGqfnodf a'emfpg] u/]sf] t/ o;cl3 o;af/] s'g} s'/f x'"b}gYof] .

sf+u|];n] :j]R5frf/L /fhtGq gdfGg]

;'v]{t, !@ r}t -sf;_– g]kfnL sf+u|];sf dxfdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] ;lqmo tfgfzfx / :j]R5frf/L /fhtGq g]kfnL sf+u|];n] gdfGg] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;'v]{tåf/f a'waf/ jL/]Gb|gu/df cfof]lht kf6L{ sfo{stf{ e]63f6 sfo{qmddf dxfdGqL sf]O/fnfn] k|ltudgsf] eo / cfz+sfn] d'n's eoeLt cj:yfdf /x]sf] pNn]v ub]{ k|hftGq arfO/fVg ;+;b\sf] k'g:yf{kgf jf ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ u7gsf] dfu;lxt b]zsf k|d'v rf/ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ;'? u/]sf] hgfpg'eof] .

dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ ¿kdf ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; tof/ /x]sf] atfp"b} sf+u|]; dxfdGqL sf]O/fnfn] eGg'eof]– …j}wflgs ;/sf/n] dfq jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ dfGotf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] xf]  .Ú

g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;'v]{tsf ;efklt x[bo/fd yfgLsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k"j{ ;f+;b s[i0fk|;fb uf}td, t?0f bnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo x'd{t Gof}kfg] / dfgaxfb'/ g]kfnLnufotsf jQmfx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

Pdfn]åf/f cd]l/sL cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]wdf k|bz{g

sflGtk'/ ;+jfbbftf

sf7df8f}+, !@ r}t– cd]l/sfsf] g]t[Tjdf O/fsdfly u/]sf] ;}lgs cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]w ub}{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] a'waf/ /fhwfgLdf lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} Pdfn]n] tTsfn o'4 /f]Sg dfu;d]t u/]sf] 5 .

Pdfn] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sld6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf /Tgkfs{af6 ;'? ePsf] h'n'; ef]6flx6L, c;g, OGb|rf]sdf k'u]/ 6+luPsf] lyof] .

To; cj;/df sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf k|rf/ ljefu k|d'v j;Gt dfgGw/n] cd]l/sfåf/f O/fsdfly u/]sf] ;}lgs cfqmd0f tTsfn aGb ug{ dfu ug'{eof] . ;fy} o'4sf] axfgfdf k]6«f]lnd kbfy{sf] d"Noj[l4 u/]sf]df rGb ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ pxf"n] d"Noj[l4sf] lg0f{o tTsfn lkmtf{ lng dfu ug'{eof] .

lj/f]w h'n';df cd]l/sL g]t[Tjdf eO/x]sf] ;}lgs cfqmd0f aGb u/, cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb d'bf{jfb, t]nsf nflu eO/x]sf] o'4 aGb u/, cd]l/sL ;]gf O/fs 5f]8, k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df ul/Psf] d"Noj[l4 lkmtf{ u/nufotsf gf/fx¿ nufOPsf] lyof] .

o;}aLr g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] ;~rfng u/]sf] zflGt / k|hftGqsf nflu hgkl/rfng sfo{qmd Pdfn] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf:t/Lo e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf Pdfn] :ofoL ;ldlt ;b:o cd[ts'df/ af]xf]/fn] b'O{ aGb'swf/L zlQmx¿aLr ePsf] o'4lj/fd kf/bzL{ / /fli6«o lxtdf x'g'kg]{ ljifodf hf]8 lbg'eof] .

w'lnv]n c:ktfndf ;g]{ / g;g]{ /f]usf nflu a]Unfa]Un} sIf

vu]Gb| e08f/L

sfe]|, !@ r}t— w'lnv]n ;fd'bflos c:ktfnn] ;g]{ / g;g]{ /f]u nfu]sf la/fdLnfO{ /fVg 5'§} sf]7fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;g]{ / g;g]{ /f]u nfu]sf la/fdL /fVg 5'§} 7fp"sf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/]sf] pQm c:ktfndf yk *) zøofsf] ejg lgdf{0f ePkl5 a'waf/b]lv of] ;'ljwf yk ePsf] xf] . c:ktfnn] tLg jif{cl3 of] of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] .

b'O{ sf]7f / b'O{ hgf lrlsT;sn] ;fdfGo :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'? u/L ^ jif{cl3 :yfkgf ePsf] o; ;fd'bflos c:ktfn 5f]6f] ;dod} ! ;o ^) zøofsf] ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jfdf vl6Psf 8]9 ;oeGbf a9L sd{rf/L dfq xf]Og, ljleGg /f]usf gf} hgf ljz]if1tf k|fKt lrlsT;sx¿ pQm c:ktfndf ;]jf/t 5g\ .

c:ktfndf :jf:Yo lgb]{zs 8f= /fds07 dsfh"sf cg';f/ ;g]{ / g;g]{ /f]u nfu]sf la/fdLnfO{ 5'§} sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg 7"nf] d]xgt ug'{k/]sf] 5 . *) zøofsf] cGt/ª\u sIfsf] pb\3f6gsf cj;/df dsfh"n] eGg'eof]— …xfd|f cfjZostfx¿ ca nueu k"/f eP . c:ktfndf kfgL, lah'nL / ;~rf/sf] ;d:of klxn] g} k"/f ePsf lyP . *) j6f zøof ylkPkl5 xfdLn] ;g]{ / g;g]{ /f]u nfu]sf la/fdLnfO{ Pp6} sf]7fdf /fv]/ pkrf/ ug'{ gkg]{ ePsf] 5 .Ú

;fd'bflos c:ktfnsf ¿kdf d'n'ss} gd'gf ag]sf] of] c:ktfn s]xL jif{otf lzIf0f c:ktfnsf ¿kdf klg ljsl;t x'"b} uPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnon] …d]l8sn ;fOG;Ú sf] k9fO ;'? u/]kl5 c:ktfn / ljZjljBfnosf] kxndf w'lnv]n d]l8sn OlG:6Ro'6 klg oxf" :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjljBfnosf] gl;{ª, x]Ny cl;:6]G6h:tf ljifo k9\g] @ ;o $) ljBfyL{ xfn o;} c:ktfndf tflnd lnO/x]sf 5g\ .

kf"r jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsf / ue{jtL dlxnfsf nflu lgMz'Ns pkrf/ Joj:yf ldnfO;s]sf] pQm c:ktfnn] la/fdLsf nflu cem} a9L ;]jf / ;'ljwf lbg k|lta4tf b]vfPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo lgb]{zs >]i7sf cg';f/ ck]|;g lyP6/nfO{ cem Jojl:yt / pks/0f ;DkGg agfOPsf] 5 . c:ktfndf cfpg] s'g} klg la/fdLn] eL8Lcf] PS;–/], Nofa 6]:6 h:tf sfdsf nflu /fhwfgL hfg'kb}{g . ck]|;g lyP6/df aflx/L xfjfnfO{ lkmN6/ ug{ ;Sg] k|ljlw klg lelq;s]sf] 5 . d'n'sd} klxnf]kN6 leq\ofOPsf] o:tf] k|ljlw hl8t lyP6/df ck]|;g u/]sf la/fdLsf] 3fp kfSb}g .

cl:6«of, hd{gL, xNofG8, :jL6\h/NofG8 / nSh]Dau{;Dd ;~hfn lj:tf/ ePsf] g]kfnLd]8n] o; c:ktfndf ;xof]u k'¥ofp"b} cfPsf] 5 . w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf / :yfgLo:t/df ul7t w'lnv]n :jf:Yo ;]jf ;+3 klg o;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf x'g\ .

:jf:Yo ;]jf lj:tf/sf qmddf pQm c:ktfnn] sfe]|sf] b]je"ld afn'jf, af]Nb]km]lbr] / sf"qm]sf ;fy} l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] afx'g]kf6L / wflbªsf] 5q]b]p/fnLdf lSnlgs ;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . o:tf lSnlgsx¿ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf qmddf gd'gf ag]sf 5g\ .

hd{g /fhb"t ?l8u/ n]Dkn] a'waf/ c:ktfndf yk lgdf{0f ePsf] cGt/+u sIfsf] pb\3f6g ug'{eof] . pQm cj;/df pxf"n] ;d'bfosf] ;]jfsf nflu v'n]sf o:tf c:ktfnsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfkm\gf] d'n'sn] ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug]{ jrg lbg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt 8f= ;'/]z/fh zdf{n] ljZjljBfno rnfpg'eGbf c:ktfn rnfpg' ufx|f] sfd eP klg w'lnv]n c:ktfn cfkm\gf] sfddf bQlrQ /x]sfn] ;kmntf kfp"b} uPsf] atfpg'eof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmd c:ktfnsf la/fdL ;f]daxfb'/ yfkfsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] lyof] .

!) dlxgfcl3 ;'? u/L ! s/f]8 !) nfv ?k}of"sf] nfutdf lgdf{0f k"/f ePsf] xf] . pQm ejgdf *) z×øofsf ;fy} lrlsT;ssf nflu sfo{sIfx¿ klg 5g\ .

dx]Gb| ;+:s[t ljZjljBFnosf] ;'wf/sf nflu 5fglag ;'?

sflGtk'/ ;dfrf/bftf

bfª, !@ r}t– dx]Gb| ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno ;efåf/f ul7t ljz]if 5fglag ;ldltn] ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s, ef}lts k|zf;lgs tyf Joj:yfksLo kIfaf/] 5fglag k|F/De u/]sf] 5 .

k|z:t ;|f]t ;fwg eP/ klg ljZjljBfnon] ck]Iffs[t ¿kdf sfd ug{ g;s]sf] dx;'; ljZjljBfno ;efaf6} ePkl5 ljZjljBfnosf] ljljw kIfaf/] cWoog ug{ /fli6«o ;ef ;b:o df]xg rfkfufO{+sf] ;+of]hsTjdf # ;b:oLo 5fglag ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] lyof] .

;ldltsf] ;b:o–;lrjdf k"j{ lzIff ;lrj 3gfgfy cf]emf / cGo Ps ;b:odf k|fWofks lji0f'/fh cfq]o x'g'x'G5 . pQm # ;b:oLo 6f]nLn] xfn ljZjljBfno s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, ljZjljBfno ljBfkL7 a]nem'G8L / hgtf ljBfkL7 bfªsf] cfly{s, ef}lts, k|zf;lgs tyf Joj:yfksLo kIfsf] cWoog ul//x]sf] 5 .

;ldltsf ;+of]hs df]xg rfkfufO{+n] ljZjljBfnosf] cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ s] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] ljZjljBfno;"u kl/lrt JolQmTj Pj+ cGo lgsfoaf6 klg ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .

rfkfufO{+sf cg';f/ ;ldltn] ;Dej eP;Dd dx]Gb| ;+:s[t ljZjljBfnocGtu{tsf ;a} cf+lus SofDk; / ljBfkL7df k'u]/ j}zfv d;fGtleq ;xs'nklt lzIffdGqL;dIf k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] lhDd]jf/L kfPcg';f/ cfkm\gf] sfddf ;ldlt lqmofzLn ePsf] 5 .

bfDnf]n] af+lwPsL aflnsfnfO{ lgMz'Ns vfglkg / k9fOsf] Joj:yf

sflGtk'/ ;dfrf/bftf

wgs'6f, !@ r}t– b[li6ljxLg ePsf sf/0f bfDnf]df af"lwP/ s7f]/ oftgf ;lx/x]sL uf]/vf lhNnf 5f]k|fs uflj;sL gfaflnsf dgLiff kf]v|]nnfO{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no wgs'6fn] lgMz'Ns vfglkgsf ;fy} k9fOlbg] ePsf] 5 .

uPsf] cfOtaf/ sflGtk'/ /fli6«o b}lgsdf …b[li6ljxLg aflnsf ;w}" bfDnf]dfÚ zLif{ssf] t:jL/;lxtsf] ;dfrf/n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ :tAw agfPsf] hgfp"b} tL aflnsfnfO{ % sIff;Dd ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmdcGtu{t b[li6ljxLg ;|f]t sIffdf k9fOlbg] sfo{qmdsf …kmf]sn k;{gÚ l/oGb|k|;fb u'/fufO{+n] sflGtk'/nfO{ atfpg'eof] .

b[li6ljxLg ePs} sf/0f % jif{sL dgLiffnfO{ 8]9 jif{cl3b]lv bf]Dnf]n] 3f"6Ldf af"wL /flvPsf] 5 . cfly{s cj:yf clt gfh's ePsf sf/0f xft–d'v hf]8\g cfkm"x¿ sfddf hfg'kg]{ ePsfn] To;f] ul/Psf] pgsf lktf /fdk|;fb kf]v|]nn] :jLsf/]sf lyP .

lhNnfdf cf7 jif{cl3b]lv dgLiffh:tf b[li6ljxLgn] % sIff;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff lnO/x]sf 5g\ . xfn ;/:jtL dflj l;w'jfdf * hgf / duf{b]jL k|flj a]nfxf/fdf ^ hgf u/L !$ hgf !% jif{d'lgsf b[li6ljxLg a]|nlnlksf] dfWodaf6 kl9/x]sf 5g\ .

ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmdn] k|ltljBfyL{ dfl;s Ps xhf/sf b/n] k9fO vr{, vfgf tyf a:gsf nflu pknAw u/fp"b} cfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] gLltcg'?k Pp6f ;|f]t s]Gb|df bz hgf /fVg ;lsg]5 . …xfdL dgLiffh:tf c? 5 hgfnfO{ /fVg ;S5f}+Ú– u'/fufO{+n] eGg'eof] .

sf7 rf]/L a9]kl5 dlxnfåf/f u:tL

sflGtk'/ ;dfrf/bftf

s}nfnL, !@ r}t– cfkm\gf] jgsf] /Iffsf nflu kyl/of– ^ / * sf dlxnfn] /flt klg u:tL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ;zQm dlxnf ;fd'bflos jgaf6 sf7 rf]/L lgsf;L x'g yfn]kl5 pgLx¿n] /flt u:tL ug{ yfn]sf x'g\ .

pgLx¿ ;ftsf b'O{÷tLg lbg x"l;of / aGr/f] lnP/ /flt u:tL ug]{ ub{5g\ . o'4lj/fdkl5 dfq} /flt u:tL ug{ yfn]sf dlxnfn] w]/}k6s sf7 rf]/L lgsf;L ub}{ u/]sf] a]nfdf sf7 t:s/nfO{ ;dfTg klg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] t:s/nfO{ u/]sf] bG8 hl/jfgf / a/fdb ul/Psf] jg k}bfjf/nfO{ laqmL u/L jgsf] sf]ifnfO{ a9fp"5g\ . pQm /sdaf6} pgLx¿n] tf/hfnL jgsf] rf/}lt/ ;+/If0fsf nflu nufPsf klg 5g\ .

sl/a rf/ ;o 3/–kl/jf/ pkef]Qmf ;+Vof /x]sf] pQm k|:tfljt jg ;+/If0f ug{df dlxnf cfkm} lhDd]jf/ ePsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos jg agfpgsf nflu pgLx¿ cfkm}n] kxn u/]sf lyP . Ps jif{cl3 :yfkgf ePsf] pQm k|:tfljt ;fd'bflos jgleqaf6 ;+s6sfndf dlxnf /fd|f];"u u:tL ug{ g;Sbf sf7 rf]/L lgsf;Lsf] qmd a9]sf] lyof] . a]n'sf * ah] ;fd'bflos jgsf] clkm;df ufp"sf ;a} dlxnf hDdf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . s]xLa]/ 5nkmn u/]/ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljeflht eO{ u:tLdf lg:sg] u/]sf] ;b:o lznf yfkfn] atfOg\ . pgsf cg';f/ o'4lj/fdkl5 jftfj/0f ;xh x'"bf o;/L /flt u:tL u/]kl5 rf]/L lgsf;L 36]sf] 5 .

3/fo;L xltof/ af]s]/ 7"nf] df;df dlxnfn] u:tL ubf{ 8/ gnfUg] pgL atfp"l5g\ . slxn]sfxL" k'?ifsf] ;xof]u klg ldNg] u5{ t/ ;fd'bflos jgsf] :yfkgf, To;sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu gLlt–lgod tyf cfDbfgLsf] kl/rfng cflbdf dlxnfs} xft /xg] x'"bf k'?ifn] Tolt rf;f] b]vfPsf] kfO"b}g . dlxnf klg k'?ifsf] ;xeflutflagf sfd /f]lsGg eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; u/]/ cufl8 a9\bf ;kmntf kfO/x]sfn] pgLx¿sf] vf"rf] b]Vb}gg\ . k'?ifeGbf dlxnf g} a9L jg ;+/If0fdf lhDd]jf/ ePsf 5g\ . pQm ;fd'bflos jgsf] sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] cWoIfdf klg dlxnf g} 5g\ . s'df/L piff lai6 ;fd'bflos jgsL cWoIf l5g\ eg] cGo sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf klg k'?ifsf] :yfg 5}g .

sf7 t:s/Ldf ;+nUg 5 kqmfp

Onfd, !@ r}t -sf;_– sf7 t:s/Ldf ;+nUg jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L;lxt 5 hgfnfO{ jgsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . t:s/Ldf k|of]u ul/Psf] df]6/;fOsn / 6\ofS6/ klg 6f]nLn] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] 5 .

uh'/d'vL Onfsf jg sfof{nosf] 6f]nLn] blIf0fsf] O/f}+6f/ uflj;af6 emfkftkm{ nf"b} u/]sf] 5 6'gf ;v'jfsf] uf]lnof sf7;lxt @ hgfnfO{ kqm]sf] lyof] . 6f]nLn] af#k #*#% gDa/sf] df]6/;fOsn / Pp6f 6\ofS6/ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .

o;}u/L xf";kf]v/L /]~hkf]:6n] zflGtk'/ uflj;af6 nf"b} u/]sf] !! yfg ;v'jfsf] lr/fg sf7;lxt :yfgLo lzj;'Gb/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf ;lrj k~raxfb'/ /fO{;lxt rf/ hgfnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .