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clxn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ o'4 rflxPsf] 5 ls zflGt < ljsf; rflxPsf] 5 ls ljgfz < uf]nL rflxPsf] 5 ls /f]6L < zq'tf rflxPsf] 5 ls ldqtf < cg]stf / km'6 rflxPsf] 5 ls Pstf / ;xdlt < oL o:tf oIfk|Zgx¿ x'g\, h;sf] ;xL hjfkmdf dfq /fi6«n] lbzfaf]w ug{ ;Sb5 . clxn] bf];|f]k6s ePsf] ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL o'4lj/fdkl5 g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf sf"wdf gof" / cu|ufdL cleef/f cfPsf] 5 . t/ clxn] klg d'n'ssf lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{ / zlQmx¿ /fli6«o lhDd]jf/LnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ bnut :jfy{eGbf Ps OGrdfly p7\g klg lxlRsrfO/x]sf 5g\ . bnut :jfy{ ;bfsf lglDt 5f]8\g'kb{5 eg]/ s;}n] eG5 eg] Tof] xf:of:kb g} x'g]5 / bnut :jfy{ TofUg'kg]{ cj:yf ;w}+ b]lvO/xg klg ;Sb}g . t/ vf;–vf; P]ltxfl;s sfnv08df /fi6«sf ;fd' pkl:yt r'gf}tLnfO{ ;fdgf ug]{ qmddf JolQmn] JolQmut :jfy{, ;+:yfn] ;+:yfut lxtnfO{ /fi6« / hgtfsf] lxt dftxt /fVg'kbf]{ /x]5 . 7Ls olt a]nf b]zdf zflGt / cdgr}g sfod u/L b]z ljsf;sf] d"nk|jfxdf ;a} g]kfnL hgtf xf]ldg ;Sg] jftfj/0f agfpg ;a} kIfx¿n] /fli6«o :jfy{nfO{ k|wfgtf lbg' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . clxn]sf] b]zsf] ljBdfg ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg lbg vf;u/L b]zsf lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]Hg'kb{5 . o:tf] lgsf; lbg ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿s} d'v tfs]/ a;]sf klg 5g\ . hgtfsf] efjgfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5f}+ eGg] oL /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] pgLx¿sf] of] efjgfdf s'7f/f3ft x'g] sbd p7fpg' x'"b}g . olb hgtfsf] of] efjgfdf rf]6 k'uL kl/0ffd unt lgl:sP To;sf] lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{ :jo+n] lng' kg]{5 . ;d:of ;dfwfgsf lglDt hgtf olt a]nf log} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ul//x]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf] oxL efjgfnfO{ pRr ;Ddfg ub}{ olt a]nf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] ljBdfg b]zsf] ;d:ofsf] /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]Hg'kb{5 . hgtfsf] efjgf ljk/Lt cGoyf ePdf hgtf ;w}+ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] d'v tfs]/ a:b5g\ eGg] lgisif{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] lgsfnL cg]sf}+ av]8f l;h{gfdfq ul//xg] xf] eg] lglZrt 5, hgtfn] /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ ;fy lbO/xG5g\ eGg ;ls"b}g . cfkm\gf] efjgf d'vl/t gx'"bf hgtfn] cGyof ;f]r]df oL /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] ljrNnL x'g' :jfefljs t b]lvG5 g}, ;"u;"u} b]z / hgtfn] klg 7"nf] clgi6 ;xg'kg]{ l:ylt gcfpnf eGg ;lsGg . t/ ;a}n] x]Ssf /fVg'kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] kl/l:ylt / Oltxf;n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] cleef/f s;}sf sf"wdf cfPsf] / ltgn] k"/f gubf{ ;d:of oyfjt\ g} /xG5 / lgsf; aGb x'G5 eGg] klg xf]Og . Tolt a]nf s;}dfly cfPsf] Tof] cleef/f cGo s'g}df ;g'{ :jfefljs x'G5 . Oltxf;df k6s–k6s o:t} klg x'"b} cfPsf] 5 . ;a}n] a'em\g'kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] ;d:ofn] lgsf; kfpg' clgjfo{ 5 . o:tf] a]nfdf gof" e"ldsf;lxt hgtfn] cfkm\gf] lg0f{o cfkm}+ ug]{5g\ . To; a]nf cfkm\gf] e"ldsf k"/f gug]{ zlQmx¿ ;dfKt eP/ hfg]5g\ . To;}n] hgtfsf] cfu|x / dgf]efjgfsf gfos kf6L{x¿n] pRr ;Ddfg ub{5g\ . t/ xfd|f d'n'sdf olt a]nf /fi6« / hgtfn] lbPsf] P]ltxfl;s cljef/f k"/f ug{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] h'g :t/af6 ;f]Rg'kg]{ lyof], Tof] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ;d:ofsf] tfls{s lgisif{ lgsfNg h;/L k|oTg ug'{kb{Yof], ;f] klg x'g;s]sf] 5}g . /fi6«nfO{ h;/L g]t[Tj k|bfg ug'{kb{Yof], pgLx¿n] To;/L cfkm\gf] e"ldsfnfO{ k"/f ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] kf6L{x¿sf] sf"wdf cfPsf] of] P]ltxfl;s cleef/f k"/f ug{ cf–cfkm\gf 7fp"df kxn / k|oTg ug{ l9nf x'g nflu/x]sf] dx;'; ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .

qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf, cfqmd0f / k|Tofqmd0fsf, lx+;f / k|ltlx+;fsf gfddf dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] ljut ;ft jif{df dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ kIfaf6 sl/a b; xhf/ g]kfnL 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] /ut g]kfnL w/tLdf alu;s]sf] 5 . of] cj:yfaf6 ;bfsf lglDt /fi6« / hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ xf] eg] cfwf/e"t txdf uP/ ;fdflhs–cfly{s I]fqsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g ug{ h?/L 5 . ;fdflhs–cfly{s I]fqsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf lglDt tof/ x'g] xf] eg] s] sf/0fn] cfh;Dd o:tf] x'g ;s]g eGg] af/]df :ki6 x'g klg Tolts} h?/L 5 . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts If]q ;dfhnfO{ cfd"n kl/jt{g ug]{tkm{ pGd'v x'g ;s]g . x/]s /fhgLlts If]q lglZrt vfn] ;fdflhs–cfly{s cfwf/df v8f ePsf] x'G5 . t/ ;fdflhs–cfly{s cfwf/df kl/jt{g ug{ /fhgLlts I]fqaf6 yfngL ug'{kb{5 . ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL o'4lj/fdkl5 zflGtjftf{sf ;Gd'v l;+uf] /fi6« v8f 5 . b'j} kIfn] ljutsf] o'4lj/fd / jftf{af6 uDeL/ lzIff klg lnPsf x'g'kb{5 . glnPsf eP lng'kb{5 . jftf{df cg]s ;fgfdl;gf s'/fx¿sf ;fy} ljz]iftM uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf ljifox¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] Ph]G8fsf ¿kdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] af/af/ cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] x/If]q ;+s6k"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] / dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngn] l;h{gf u/]sf] ;d:ofn] ;xL /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf] of] a]nf s]jn dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ cjt/0f u/fpg]dfq xf]Og, /fi6«n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;+s6k"0f{ cj:yfsf] klg ;xL lgsf; lgsfNg' cfjZosdfq xf]Og clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . o; cy{df eGg] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ cjt/0f u/fpgdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / ;/sf/sf] dfq lhDd]jf/L xf]Og, g]kfndf lqmofzLn /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ g]skf -Pdfn]_, g]kfnL sf+u|];, /fk|kf, ;b\efjgf / b/af/sf] klg Tolts} dxŒjk"0f{ cleef/f ag]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] zflGtk"0f{ cjt/0f /fli6«odfq geO{ cGt/f{li6«o cfjZostf ag]sf] cfhsf] P]ltxfl;s 38L af/af/ cfO{ g/xg klg ;Sg]5 . ctM cfkm"nfO{ lhDd]jf/ 7fGg] /fhgLlts kf6L{ / zlQmn] of] ;do / P]ltxfl;s cleef/fnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ ;f]xLcg';f/ cfkm\gf lqmofsnfk cufl8 a9fpg' cfhsf] j:t'ut cfjZostf xf] .

ut c;f]h !* sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff / To;kl5sf ;/sf/sf sfdsf/afxL ;+ljwfg;Ddt /x]sf 5}gg\ . c;+j}wflgs ¿kdf ag]sf] eP klg nf]s]Gb| ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfnsf] hgtfsf / /fi6«sf lglDt Pp6f /fd|f] sfd dfcf]jfbL;"u ;xdlt u/]/ o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ zflGtjftf{sf nflu c;n k|oTg klg dfGg'kb{5 . clxn] k|ltlbg bh{gf}+ g]kfnL 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿sf] d[To"sf] bb{gfs ;dfrf/ / ;of}+ g]kfnLsf] cf";' / kL8fsf j]bgfx¿ ;'lg/xg'kg]{ cj:yfnfO{ s]xL ;dosf nflu eP klg 6/]sf] 5 . o'4lj/fdsf] sf/0f clxn] Jofks g]kfnL hgtfn] /fhf, rGb ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;x|fPsf 5g\ . dgdf w]/} z+sf lnPsf] eP klg knkndf zflGtjftf{ ;kmn xf];\ eg]/ k|To]s g]kfnLn] sfdgf klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL o'4lj/fdkl5 d'n'sdf b]lvPsf ;Dk"0f{ sfdx¿ / cGo cGt/lj/f]wx¿ bf];|f] dxŒjsf / uf}0f :yfgdf ¿kfGtl/t ePsf 5g\ . t;y{ clxn] k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgfsf] sf+u|];L dfu, ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@* cGtu{t ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] Pdfn]sf] dfu, cfkm\g} ;/sf/sf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] k|hftflGqs sf+u|];sf] dfu oL ;a} uf}0f :yfgdf ;/]sf 5g\ . clxn] ;a} kf6L{sf lglDt o'4lj/fdnfO{ :yfoL zflGtdf kl/0ft ug]{, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ cjt/0f u/fpg] / log} sfdsf bf}/fg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g ug]{ sfdsf] yfngL ug]{ sfd k|d'v dfu ag]sf 5g\ .

clxn] /fi6«n] vf]lh/x]sf] lgsf;tkm{ Wofg lbg'sf] ;6\6f cltt alg;s]sf /fhgLlts dfudf ln;f] 6f"l;Pem}+ 6f"l;P/ g]kfnsf ;+;b\jfbL /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] ar]v'r]sf] e"ldsf klg oltv]/ u'dfpg ;Sg] vt/f ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . sltko qmflGtsf/L eGg ?rfpg] kf6L{n] t cfkm\gf kf6L{leqsf ;xL ljrf/sf jfxsx¿nfO{ cg'zf;gsf] 8G8fn] tx nufP/ cfkm\gf uNtL–sdhf]/LnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug]{ w[i6tf ub}{ cfTd/lt ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ ;xL lsl;dn] cufl8 a9\g tof/ x'g] xf] eg] clxn] klg /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf cufl8 cfkm\gf e"ldsfx¿ phfu/ ug]{ ;Defjgfx¿ ;dfKt ePsf 5}gg\ . clxn] To:tf ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ vf]h]/ nfh gdfgL cfkm"nfO{ ;dlk{t ug'{ g} clt pQd pkfo x'g] b]lvG5 . Oltxf;sf] Jofh vfP/ ;w}+ u'hf/f ;Dej 5}g . qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] lxDdt / ;fx;sf ;fy gof"–gof" Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug]{ af6f]df nfUg'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ h:tf];'s} Tofu / ;dk{0f ug{ klg cfkm" / cfkm\gf] k+lQmnfO{ tof/ kfg'{ a'l4dfgL xf] .

d'n'sn] clxn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lul/hfafa'nfO{, Pdfn]sf dfwj g]kfnnfO{, /fk|kfsf kz'klt zdz]/nfO{ bnut :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ /fli6«o cleef/f k"/f u/]sf] x]g{ rfxG5 . dfcf]jfbLsf k|r08nfO{ /fli6«o :jfy{df ;dlk{t ePsf] b]Vg rfx]sf] 5 / /fhfnfO{ hgtfsf lglDt /fhkf7 klg ;dlk{t u/]sf] x]g{ vf]h]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtf zflGtk"0f{ ¿kdf af"Rg rfxG5g\, d'lQm / ;d[l4lt/ cl3 a9\g rfxG5g\ . /fi6«n] ;d[l4 / cv08tfsf] /Iff vf]h]sf] 5 / lz/ 7f8f] kf/]/ o'uf}+o'u;Dd cd/ x'g vf]h]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ zflGtsfdL g]kfnL hg;d'bfon] ca kz'klt, :joDe", n'lDagL nufot cf–cfkm\gf dlGb/, dl:hb / luhf{3/df uO{ k'vf{ b]ptfx¿sf cufl8 pleP/ kl/l:yltsf] jf:tljstfaf6 gr]t]sf xfd|f /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf bnut, u'6ut / ;d"xut :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ /fi6«sf cufl8 cfPsf] P]ltxfl;s cleef/f k"/f ug{ ;b\a'l4 lbg'xf];\ eg]/ j/bfg dfUg'kg]{ kf] xf] ls < uDeL/ aGg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

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