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afa'/fd e§/fO{ nufotsf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿ aGb's la;fP/ jftf{sf nflu ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] d"Nof+sg u/L jftf{df cfPsf xf}+ eGg] dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿sf ts{ ;'Gbf / jftf{nfO{ ;fy{s laGb'df k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tfnfO{ lgofNbf pgLx¿ oyfy{k/s ePsf x'g\ ls eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . p;f] t cS6f]a/ !(#* df dfcf]T;]t'ªn] …b /f]n ckm rfOlgh sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ Og b g];gn jf/Ú zLif{sdf lgDg ts{ k|s6 u/]sf lyP– …h'g kf6L{df /fhgLlts qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, Oltxf;sf] hfgsf/L / oyfy{jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{ Ifdtf x'"b}g, Tof] kf6L{n] 7"nf] k|ultzLn qmflGtsf] ljho k|flKtsf nflu g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g .Ú ;fob dfcf]sf] o'4snf / ;+u7g;DaGwLsf] lrGtgsf cg'ofoL t/ jt{dfgdf pTkfbsTj / ;|f]t kl/rfngsf b[li6n] pTs[i6 7flgPsf] k'"hLjfbL cy{tGqk|lt cgfof;} ;sf/fTds b]lvPsf] dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ljZjsf] oyfy{nfO{ a'em]sf] xf] ls <

cflv/ afa'/fd / lag nfb]gaLrsf] leGgtf k|l:6"b} uPsf] 5 . tyfslyt qmflGtsf gfddf x[boljbf/s / dfgjtfxLg 36gf ul/+bf / ltg} cfk/flws ultljlwnfO{ qmflGts} Pp6f lx:;fsf] n]an nufO"bf nfUbYof]– afa'/fd / lag nfb]gaLr leGgtf 5}g . ;fdflhs zf]if0f / cGofosf] cGTo ug]{ jfrfsf ;fy qmflGtdf xf]ldPsfx¿n] lrtjgdf aflnsf sfhf]nnfO{ Ho""b} hnfp"bf / afa'/fdn] Tof] sfo/tfnfO{ lgGbf ug'{sf] ;f6f] qmflGtsfl/tfs} Ps kf6f] eg]/ k'li6 ul/"bf xf];\ jf ndh'ªsf u'? d'lQmgfysf] sfo/tfk"0f{ xTof ubf{ nfUbYof]– k|r08 / afa'/fdleqsf] dfgjTj plxNo} dl/;s]sf] 5 . zf]if0f/lxt / ;d[4 ;dfhsf] l;h{gf ug]{ dxfg\ nIosf nflu cl3 a9]sf] Pp6f kf6L{ la:tf/} cft+sjfbL hTyfdf kl/0ft x'g] xf] ls eGg] eoaf6 kl/jt{g rfxg] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pp6f lx:;f lrlGtt b]lvGYof] . jf:tjd} eGg] xf] eg] aflnsf sfhf]nsf] xTof ePsf] ;dfrf/ k9]sf] lbg dnfO{ ;f"Rr} g} afa'/fd / ef/tsf k|Voft 8fs" jL/Kkgsf] dgnfO{ t'ngf u/]/ Ps n]v n]Vg dg nfu]sf] lyof] .

lsgeg] …cft+sjfbÚ b'lgof"d} 3[l0ft zAb xf] . ljs[t lrGtg, cdfgjLo ;f]r / kfzljs t[i0ffn] cft+sjfbsf] hGd lbG5g\ . cft+sjfbnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf Pp6f l;h{gzLn / ;Eo ;dfhsf] lx:;f xf] eg]/ dfGg ;ls"b}g . p;f] t Pp6f qmflGtsf/L / cft+sjfbLaLrsf] leGgtfnfO{ k|:6\ofpg] cf0fljs xltof/lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf Ps s§/ k'?if h]/L ?lagsf] syg lyof]– …;a}n] cGTodf Pp6f g Pp6f gfdn] lrlgg}k5{– pu|kGyL, cft+sjfbL, s§/kGyL, jfdkGyL, blIf0fkGyL, qmflGtsf/L cflb cflb . t/ ltdL;"u ePsf ;a} lrGtg ;dfKt eP / s]jn aGb'sdfq af"sL /x\of] eg] ltdL qmflGtsf/L /x]g5f}, cft+sjfbL /x]5f} eg]/ lrlgg]5f} .Ú t/, clxn] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg vf]Hg cyjf aGb's xf]Og, /fhgLlts lrGtgsf] ax;åf/f bL3{sfnLg lgsf; vf]Hg dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ e/f];f geP klg gful/s ;dfhsf e/df ;fj{hlgs ePsf] eGg] dfcf]jfbL g]tf dx/fsf ts{n] ;d]t dfcf]jfbLleqsf] /fhgLlts lrGtg aGb'saf6 k/f:t eO;s]sf] eGg] ts{nfO{ cdfGo ;fljt u/]sf] 5 . p;f] t dgf]j}1flgs n]vs Ol/s k|mf]ds} cg';f/ …;kmn qmflGtsf/L Pp6f /fhg]tf xf] eg] c;kmn qmflGtsf/L Pp6f ck/fwL xf] .Ú

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ljsf;qmdnfO{ ulxl/P/ ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] xfdLdf h8tf sfod} /x]sf] / Ps kfOnf cu|udg / Ps kfOnf] k|ltudgsf] 5nfª dfg]{ b'j} sfd Ps}k6s x'g]u/]sf] b]vfk/]sf] 5 . sl/a & jif{hlt e"ldut hLjg latfPsf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿ jftf{sf nflu ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf 5g\ / lx+;f / cft+sn] cfqmfGt g]kfndf zflGt / ljsf;sf] gof" laxfgL pbfpg] cfzf knfPsf] 5 . csf{lt/ g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs k|lqmof ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf cj?4 5, b]zdf ;+j}wflgs z"Gotfsf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5, k|hftflGqs ;+:yf / ;+/rgfnfO{ lgliqmo agfOPsf] 5 eg] hgfwf/ljxLg ;/sf/sf] u7g u/L km]l/ Psk6s ;fdGtjfbnfO{ ;lqmo kfg{ vf]lhPsf] 5 . oxL kl/l:yltaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf dfcf]jfbLn] cu|udgsf] k|;+u p7fPsf 5g\ . ca k|Zg p7\5– ;+j}wflgs z"Gotfn] k|ltudg jf cu|udgnfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofp"5 < ;fdGtjfbn] km]l/ h/f uf8\g vf]h]sf] kl/l:yltdf s] cu|udgsf] k|lqmof ;/n / ;xh ¿kdf cl3 a9\nf < k|fKt k|hftflGqs pknlAwnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ g;lsPdf s;/L cu|ufdL pknlAwx¿ ;+:yfut x'g ;Snfg\ t < ljrf/0fLo 5 .

lj=;+= @)$^ s} pknlAwdf ;Lldt x'g] jf of]eGbf pGgt / k|ltufdL pknlAw leœofpg] eGg]af/]sf] ax; Tolt dxŒjk"0f{ xf]Og . dxŒjk"0f{ k|;+u t s;/L b]zsf k|hftflGqs ;+/rgfnfO{ alnof] agfp"b} hfg] / hgtfsf k|fKt pknlAwx¿sf] ;+/If0f ub}{ hfg] eGg] xf] . clxn] ufp"b]lv ;x/;Ddsf k|hftflGqs ;+:yfx¿ hgk|ltlglwljxLg 5g\ eg] b]z cWofb]zn] rln/x]sf] 5 . ;+;b\åf/f lgolGqt / lgb]{lzt x'g'kg]{ ;/sf/ b/af/k|lt eQm dflgg]x¿sf] u}/;+j}wflgs d08nLsf k|lt hjfkmb]xL b]lvPsf] 5 . of] ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePsf] s'/f xf], dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ jftf{df a:b}df hfb' u/]em}+ tTsfn} ;a} ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}gg\ . Wj:t ljsf;sf ;+/rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f, lj:yflkt ;d'bfo dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLsf] k'g:yf{kgf cflbsf nflu cem} jftf{ ! jif{ jf b'O{ jif{;Dd klg nlDag ;S5 . clxn]sf] ljBdfg ;+j}wflgs l/Qmtfsf] cj:yf !–@ jif{;Dd /xL g} /x\of] eg] /fhfnfO{ kf/Dkl/s zlQmsf ¿kn] cl3 a9fpg]x¿n] k|hftflGqs pknlAwnfO{ ;fdGtjfbn] lj:yflkt ub}{ nfg]5g\ . o;sf s]xL nIf0fx¿ clxn] klg b]vf kl/;s]sf 5g\ .

t;y{ k|Zg k'/fgf] k|hftGq jf dfcf]jfbLn] eg]h:t} gof" u'0f:t/o'Qm k|hftGq eGg] xf]Og . k|Zg xfdLn] k|hftflGqs ;+/rgf alnof] agfp"b} uPsf 5f}+ jf sdhf]/ agfp"b} uPsf 5f}+ t eGg] xf] . k|Zg s] xfdL ljlwsf] zf;gnfO{ a9fjf lb+b} uPsf 5f}+ jf ;fdGtL ;+:sf/nfO{ g} 6fpsf] p7fpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ub}{ uPsf 5f}+ t eGg] xf] . jf:tjd} eGg] xf] eg] g]kfndf Oltxf; bf]xf]l/+b} uPsf] 5 . xfdL k|ultsf gfddf e"tsfnlt/ ws]lnO/x]sf 5f}+ . c;f]h !* sf] /fhfsf sbdn] g]kfn @)!& sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]sf] ;Demgf lbnfof] eg] ;+j}wflgs l/Qmtfsf] cj:yfn] st} g]kfn @))& ;fn / @)!% aLrsf] sfnv08df ws]lng] xf] ls eGg] k|Zg pAhfPsf] 5 . lsgeg] dfcf]jfbLx¿n] tTsfn xltof/ a'emfpg] jftfj/0f 5}g / xltof/ ga'emfP;Dd ;+;bLo jf :yfgLo lgjf{rg x'g] kl/l:ylt b]lv+b}g . ;+j}wflgs l/Qmtfsf sf/0f g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs eljio cem k5fl8 ws]lng] b]lvG5 . k|hftGqdf ;+:yfut ljsf; dxŒjk"0f{ x'g hfG5 . k|hftGqsf lxdfotL dflgg] cd]l/sf jf a]nfotdf ;d]t hfb'em}+ k|hftflGqs ;+:sf/ / k4ltsf] ljsf; ePsf] kSs} xf]Og . k|hftflGqs ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g' cfjZos 5 . ;+ljwfg hlt;'s} pGgt / kl/is[t lsg gxf];\, ;fdGtL ;+:sf/nfO{ k|hftGqn] k/f:t ug{ g;Sg] xf] / ;fdGtjfb;"u ;w}+ ;Demf}tfd} qmflGtx¿ 6'+lug] x'g\ eg] ;+ljwfgnfO{ b'?kof]u ug]{ ;Defjgf Ho""b} /xG5 . lj=;+= @))& b]lv lj=;+= @)!& sf] cGt/fn of lj=;+= @)!& b]lv @)$^ ;Ddsf] cGt/fn jf c;f]h !* kl5sf] cj:yfn] o;} s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 .

t;y{, Psk6s a]nfotL /fhg]tf ljG:6g rlr{nn] …slxn]sfxL+ dfG5]n] ;f"rf] s'lNrG5 / w]/}h;f] ;do p;n] o;nfO{ wf/0ff ub{5Ú eg]em}+ clxn] xfdLn] ;TonfO{ wf/0f ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . Tof] ;To s] xf] eg] gof" ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ub}{df jf ;Qfdf dfG5] km]l/+b}df k|hftflGqs k4lt alnof] eP/ hf"b}g . k|hftGqnfO{ clxn]sf] ;+j}wflgs w/fk jf ;+j}wflgs l/Qmtfdf NofOk'¥ofpgdf lj=;+= @)$& sf] ;+ljwfg bf]ifL lyof] jf ;+ljwfgnfO{ b'?kof]u ug{ /lQe/ glxlRsrfpg] ;fdGtL ;+:sf/ bf]ifL lyof] < ;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

clxn] dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts nufd stflt/ xf] k|:6 kfg'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . b]zdf nfdf] ;do;Dd ;+j}wflgs l/Qmtf sfod /x"bf cyf{t\ ;fdGtjfbnfO{ ;lqmo x'g] df}sf lb+bf k|ltudg jf cu|udg s]nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpnf, ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ c;f]h !* kl5 lsgf/f nfu]sf] cj:yfdf ;}GozlQm / /fhgLlts zlQm /fhfd} lglxt ePsf sf/0f jftf{sf nflu pko'Qm /fli6«o jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] eGg] dfcf]jfbLsf] /0fgLlts ljZn]if0fnfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] st} dfcf]jfbLsf] qmflGtsfl/tf ;fdGtjfb;"usf] ;Demf}tfdf uP/ 6'+lug] t xf]Og eGg] z+sf p7fpg]x¿ klg Psflt/ 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ lj=;+= @)$^ sf] pknlAwsf] /Iff ub}{ cu|ufdL lbzflt/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ eGg] dfcf]jfbL g]tfsf] lrGtgn] dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;fdGtjfbsf lvnfkmdf 5g\ / k|hftflGqs pknlAwnfO{ ;+:yfut ug'{kg]{ dfGotf ;d]t /fVb5g\ eGg] b]vfp"5 . t/ clxn]sf] dxŒjk"0f{ ljifo eg]sf] cu|ufdL lgsf;nfO{ ;fy{s ljGb';Dd k'¥ofpg] xf] eg] ;+j}wflgs l/QmtfnfO{ cGTo ug]{ lbzfdf dfcf]jfbLn] ;d]t e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{ b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;f"Rr} g} jf:tljs / k"0f{ k|hftGqsf kIfdf 5g\ eg] k|ltudglj?4sf] ;+;b\jfbLx¿sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ k"0f{¿kdf ;3fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 lsgeg] ;+j}wflgs l/Qmtfsf] cGTo ePdf o;n] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf ;a} 9f]sfx¿ v'nf kfg{ ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . t/, dfcf]jfbLn] ;d]t /fhf / k|d'v ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{aLr …ljefhg u/ / kmfObf p7fpmÚ eGg] gLlt c"ufn]sf x'g\ eg] o;n] pgLx¿sf] cu|ufdL nIonfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg'sf] ;f6f] Ifo k'¥ofpg ;S5 . /fhgLltdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] Iflt eg]sf] hfgfhfgL ;dosf] dfunfO{ nTofpg' / qmflGtsf nflu cjnDag ul/Psf] /0fgLlt k"0f{¿kdf unt eP klg Psfw Ifl0fs kmfObf / clt/~hgfs} nflu pQm gLltnfO{ hah{:tL ;To ePsf] ts{ k|:t't ug'{ xf] .

cu|udgsf kIfdf a[xQ/ /fli6«o Pstf jf hgdt tof/ ug}{sf nflu ;d]t dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;fdGtjfb / k|ltudgsf lj?4 bx|f] / :ki6 eP/ pleg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug{sf nflu jt{dfg ;+j}wflgs z"Gotfsf] cGTo x'g'kg]{ h?/L 5 . cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf gfddf k|ltudg jf ;fdGtjfbnfO{ rnv]n ug]{ df}sf lbOg] xf] eg] xfdL gof" ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ lgx'"df k'/ftgjfbL ;+:sf/nfO{ k|>o lbO/x]sf x'g]5f}+ . kl/jt{gsf] cy{ k'/fgf ;+/rgf k"0f{¿kdf gi6 ub}{ hfg' / gof" ;+/rgf k"0f{¿kdf lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg' kSs} xf]Og . dfcf]jfbLn] lj=;+= @)$^ ;fneGbf k/ 5nfª dfg]{ lrGtg af]s]sf x'g\ eg] ;a}eGbf klxn] lj=;+= @)$^ sf] k|hftflGqs pknlAwx¿ ;+:yfut x'g' h?/L 5 . kl/jt{gsf] cy{ ljgf; / qmflGtsf] cy{ Wj+z eGg] ts{ oyfy{k/s x'g ;Sb}gg\ .

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