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pkTosf aGbaf6
hghLjg k"/} k|efljt sf7df8f}+. g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_
lgs6:y g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3n] cfx\jfg u/]sf] cfhsf] pkTosfaGb k"0f{ ;kmn ePsf] 5. aGbsf
sf/0f sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/sf] hghLjg k|efljt ag]sf] 5. dxfgu/ ;+jfbbftf cfh laxfg}b]lv ;jf/L;fwg, ahf/, lzIf0f
;+:yf, pBf]uwGbf, snsf/vfgf ;a} aGb /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;/sf/L sfof{no hfg] sd{rf/L tyf cGo
ofq'x? ;8sdf k}bn lx+8]sf b]lvG5g\. aGbsf qmddf tf]8°f]8, cfuhgL / lx+;f
dlRrg;Sg] ePsf]n] To;nfO{ /f]Sg ;]gf / k|x/LnfO{ 7fp“–7fp“df t}gfy ul/Psf]
5. ;f]xL qmddf aGbstf{ ljBfyL{x?n] ;jf/Lx? /f]Sg 9'+ufd'9f tyf tf]8°f]8 ubf{ub}{sf]
cj:yfdf kf6gaf6 g]lj;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf /fds[i0f tfd|fsf/nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 eg] rfalxn
SofDk; kl/;/leq} k;L g]lj;+3sf /fh' e08f/L, ;fg'sfhL vqL, dx]z kf08], lzjhL l;jfsf]6L,
/fhs'df/ a:g]t / hLjg /fO{nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/]/ nu]sf] s'/f g]lj;+3 s]Gb|Lo
sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5. aGbsf qmddf dLgejgdf ;]tf] Kn]6sf] Pp6f
;/sf/L uf8LnfO{ ljBfyL{x?n] tf]8°f]8 u/L l;;f;d]t °'6fOlbPsf 5g\ eg] aGb u/fp“b}
lx+8\g] qmddf e]l6Psf ljleGg ;jf/L ;fwgx? /f]Sg] / 9'+ufd'9f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. eQmk'/df uf8L /f]Sg] qmddf ljBfyL{ /
k|x/LaLr 9'+uf xfgfxfg eO{ ;fdfGo le8Gt;d]t ePsf] lyof]. eQmk'/ ax'd'vL SofDk;cufl8 ePsf]
;f] le8Gtkl5 Toxf“sf] jftfj/0f dWofg;Dd klg tgfju|:t /x]sf] lyof]. cfhsf] aGb k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf]
d"Noj[l4 l°tf{ ul/g'kg]{, :jljo' lgjf{rg tTsfn ;DkGg ug'{kg]{, zfxL 3f]if0ff l°tf{
ug'{kg]{, lzIf0f ;+:yfdf k|x/L x:tIf]k aGb ug'{kg]{ tyf aGbL ljBfyL{x?nfO{ l/xf ul/g'kg]{
dfu /fVb} ul/Psf] xf]. g]lj;+3sf cg';f/, aGbsf qmddf lu/?tf/ ul/Psfx?nfO{ tTsfn l/xf
ul/g'kg]{, geP yk cfGbf]ng ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5. cfhsf] aGb ;kmn kfg{ pkTosfsf d'Vo zx/sf
#@ j6f rf]sdf @^÷@^ hgfsf] 6f]nL agfP/ ljBfyL{x? vl6Psf 5g\. aGbdf sf+u|]; k|hftflGqs /
t?0f bnsf sfo{stf{x? klg ;lqmo eP/ nflu k/]sf] atfOPsf] 5. eQmk'/af6 dxfgu/ ;+jfbbftf cqm"/
Gof}kfg]n] hgfPcg';f/, eQmk'/df eg] @%÷@^ hgf ljBfyL{x?sf] Pp6f ;d"x laxfg}b]lv
l;¶L °'Sb} zx/ kl/qmdf ul//x]sf] 5. aGbsf/Lx?n] d+unaf/ ;f“em
7fp“–7fp“df l;¶L h'n'; / pkTosfel/ !) ldg]6;Dd ‘ANofs cfp6’
u/]sf lyP. To;qmddf k|x/Ln] c;gaf6 sf+u|]; k|hftflGqssf sfo{stf{ eujfg zfSonfO{ kqmfp u/L
cfh;Dd klg 5f]8]sf] 5}g. o;}u/L, ;f]N6Ldf]8glhs} ‘l;¶L
°'Sb}’ gf/f nufp“b} lx+8]sf] aGbsf/Lx?sf] ;d"xdfly Ps c1ft hdftn] k5fl8af6
cfqmd0f u/]sf] klg yfxf ePsf] 5. k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/, cfqmd0faf6 l;Gw'nL 3/ eO{ :joDe"
a:g] -k|hftflGqs_ sf+u|];sf ljjz jfOaf, /Tg/fHonIdL SofDk; g]lj;+3 OsfO{sf ;efklt u0f]z
v8\sf / g'jfsf]6 3/ eO{ e'?ª\v]n a:g] ;'bg kf7s 3fOt] ePsf 5g\. o;}aLr, cfh laxfg eQmk'/df g]lj;+3sf
sfo{stf{x?n] dxfgu/sf] ;xk|sfzg g]kfn ;dfrf/kq ljt/0fsf nflu uPsf] uf8Lsf] ;f“rf] g}
vf];]/ !) ldg]6hlt /f]s]sf lyP. pgLx?n] ‘xfdLnfO{ k|]; dtna 5}g, clxn] uP klg kl5
°s{g kfO“b}g’ eGg] wDsLk"0f{ Jojxf/ k|bz{g u/]sf lyP. sf7df8f}+, -dxfgu/_. cfGbf]ng/t ljBfyL{
;+u7gn] a'6jndf cfof]lht pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] Ps sfo{qmddf # hgf dGqLnfO{ sfnf] emG8f
b]vfP/ lxhf] lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]. ;f] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g'ePsf cy{dGqL
8f= ab|Lk|;fb >]i7, ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og ;xfosdGqL /ljeQm >]i7,
e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf ;xfos dGqL k|sfz lrqsf/ kl/of/lj?4 ljBfyL{n] nfdf] ;do;Dd
gf/fjfhL ub}{ sfnf] emG8f k|bz{g u/]sf] a'6jnaf6 dxfgu/ ;+jfbbftfn] hgfPsf 5g\. cg]d;+3
qmflGtsf/Låf/f hgsf/afxL sf7df8f}+, -dxfgu/_. gjnk/f;L lhNnf
b]p/fnL uflj;–^ ‰ofnjf;sf ## jifL{o Jofkf/L s[i0f kf}8]nnfO{ cf?gL >LdtLnfO{
cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ub}{ r/d oftgf lbPsf] cf/f]kdf clvn qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx¿åf/f :yfgLo ahf/df
b08:j?k 3f“6Ldf bfDnf]n] af“w]/ 3f“; VjfPsf 5g\. kf}8]nn] cf?g} kTgLnfO{ af/Daf/ bdg ub}{ cfPsf / pgsf] of}gf·df v';f{gLsf] w'nf] xflnlbg] h:tf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]sf]n] >LdtLsf] ph'/Lsf cfwf/df cg]d;+3 s]Gb|Lo ;b:o hfg'sf kf}8]nsf] g]t[Tjdf dlxnf sfo{stf{x¿åf/f cfOtaf/ kf}8]nnfO{ pQm sf/afxL ul/Psf] k|ToIfbzL{x¿n] atfPsf 5g\. 5fqfx¿nfO{
lh:SofPsf] cf/f]kdf sfe|], -dxfgu/_. sfe|] / eQmk'/sf]
l;dfgfdf /x]sf] gu/sf]6 k|x/Lrf}sLdf sfo{/t k|;lg ;Gtf]ifdfg >]i7, xjNbf/ lszf]/
>]i7 / l;kfxL ;"o{ kflv|gn] 5fqfx¿nfO{ lh:SofPsf] cf/f]kdf l;kfxL ;"o{
kflv|gnfO{ k|x/L lx/f;tdf lnPsf] s'/f lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no eQmk'/sf k|x/L pk/LIfs bLks
/l~htn] atfpg'ePsf] 5. P;lk /l~htsf cg';f/ ;'/Iff lbg'kg]{
k|x/Ln] g} ceb| Jojxf/ b]vfPsf] ph'/L cfPkl5 cGo k|x/Lx¿nfO{ klg ;r]tgf ldnf]; egL
kflv|gnfO{ hflu/af6 lgnDag u/L lx/f;tdf lnOPsf] xf]. g]kfnaGbsf] lbg P;Pn;Lsf] ;'gfO /
af]nfO ljifosf] k/LIff lbO{ lx+8]/ 3/lt/ cfO/x]sf ;/:jtL dflj sdnljgfossf tLghgf
5fqfx¿nfO{ dfbskbfy{ vfO{ dflQ/x]sf tL k|x/Lx¿n] ;dft]/ rf}sLsf] sf]7fleq nuL y'g]sf
lyP. lbbLx¿nfO{ ;dfO{ rf}sLleq nu]kl5 k/LIff lbP/ 5fqfx¿;“u} cfPsf kLl8t 5fqfsf efO
gfNb'd–& sfe|] a:g] ;Gt] tfdfªn] lbbLx¿sf] arfj6sf] lglDt ;}lgs lzIffnodf kmf]g
u/L ;]gfx¿ af]nfPsf lyP. gu/sf]6 lgjf;L k|ToIfbzL{ k"0f{l;+
jfOjfsf cg';f/ ;]gfx¿ cfP/ tL k|x/Lx¿nfO{ lg3f{t lk6L k|x/L cfr/0fsf] ;js l;sfPsf lyP.
36gfkl5 :yfgLojf;Lx¿n] rf}sL 3]/fp ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no eQmk'/sf k|x/L
lg/LIfs 6]saxfb'/ v8\sfsf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] k|x/L6f]nLn] tL k|x/LnfO{ hflu/af6 lg:sfzg ug]{
/ sf/afxL u/]sf] k|df0f ;f]xL rf}sLdf NofP/ 6f:g] jrg lbPkl5 cfqmf]lzt eL8 ;fDo ePsf]
lyof]. !&÷!* jif{sf tLghgf tL o'jtL 5fqfx¿nfO{ anfTsf/ ug]{ k|of; ePsf] ljifodf P;kL
/l~ht;“u kmf]gdf ;Dks{ ubf{ tLghgf 5fqfx¿ geP/ Pshgf dfq ePsf] / anfTsf/sf] k|of;
geP/ ;fdfGo lh:SofPsf] egL cf?gf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] atfpg'eof]. lgodljk/Lt
;jf/L rnfpg] sf/afxLdf sf7df8f}+, -dxfgu/_. sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq
lgodljk/Lt ;jf/L rnfpg] $ ;o %* hgf ;jf/L rfnsx¿ 6«flkms sf/afxLdf k/]sf 5g\. pkTosf
6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no /fdzfxkysf cg';f/ tL rfnsx¿nfO{ sf/afxL ul/+bf %$ xhf/ # ;o %)
?lkof“ /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] 5. oxL a}zfv * ut] pkTosfleq ljleGg ;8sx¿df ;jf/L
lgodljk/Lt ;jf/L xf“s]sf] cj:yfdf 6«flkms k|x/Ln] tL rfnsx¿nfO{ sf/afxL u/]sf] xf].
pQm cjlwdf ePsf] ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/]/ Ps hgfsf] d[To' / Ps hgf uDeL/ 3fOt] tyf & hgf
;fdfGo 3fOt] ePsf] s'/f pkTosf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no /fdzfxkyn] hgfPsf] 5. o'jfnfO{
;xL dfu{df n}hfg gof“ ;+:yf sf7df8f}+. ;~rf/hutdf lqmofzLn o'jf
;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] ;d"xaf6 ljz]if u/L o'jfju{nfO{ nlIft u/L s'nt / unt af6f]tkm{ pGd'v
o'jf hdftnfO{ ;Tdfu{df Nofpg] tyf o'jfzlQmnfO{ d'n'ssf] ljsf;df P]Soa4 agfpg] p2]Zo lnO{
‘o'jfk':tf g]kfn’ gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5. o'jfzlQm g} /fi6«zlQm xf], o;sf]
;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] nflu :jo+ o'jfk':tf g} lhDd]jf/ ePsf]n] ;~rf/df lqmofzLn o'jfx¿sf]
;d"xn] ljdnafa' vqLsf] cWoIftfdf & ;b:oLo sfo{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5. h;df pkfWoIf ;RrL d}gfnL, dxf;lrj k|sfz
clenfifL, ;lrj k|]ds'df/ n'O{+6]n, sf]iffWoIf ;[li6 ;+u|f}nf, ;b:o sdn cof{n / ;l/sf
>]i7 /xg'ePsf] 5. gof“jif{sf] cj;/ kf/L :yfkgf ul/Psf] o; ;+:yfn] clw/fHosf
o'jfx¿nfO{ s'g} g s'g} lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg u/fO{ ;fdflhs hghfu/0f /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o
If]qdf km}nfpg] Wo]o af]s]sf] 5. gof“jif{n] ;Dk"0f{ o'jfju{df gf}nf] hf]z–hf“u/, pT;fx yKg]5 / /fi6«nfO{ s]xL u/f}+ eGg] efjgf ;a}df hufpg]5. /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df /x]sf o'jfju{;“u ;DalGwt ljleGg kIfx¿nfO{ s]nfP/ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ljZj xf“Sg o'jfzlQmdf gof“–gof“ hf]z / pmhf{x¿ lbg o; ;+:yfn] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o IF]qdf kxn ug]{ sfd z'? ul/;s]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOG5. – k|ldnf zdf{ -k|lzIffyL{_ ;z:q k|x/L
hjfg cfwf/e"t tflnd sf7df8f}+, -dxfgu/_. ;z:q k|x/L jl/i7
pk/LIfs cDa/ g]Djfª ;'Aafn] l;=;+= !# ;z:q k|x/L hjfg cfwf/e"t tflndsf] ;f]daf/ Ps
;df/f]xaLr bLIffGt ug'{eof]. bLIffGt ;df/f]xsf zk|jp g]Djfªn] To; cj;/df pQm tflndsf
pTs[i6 k|lzIffyL{x¿nfO{ k'/:sf/ tyf k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof]. k|lzIffyL{x¿nfO{
;DaF]wgsf] qmddf jl/i7 pk/LIfs g]Djfªn] k|lzIffyL{x¿df lglxt ;'if'Kt k|ltefnfO{ phfu/
ub}{ k|lzIffyL{x¿sf] cfr/0f, Jojxf/, dgf]lj1fg, ;f]rfO / u/fOdf kl/jt{g u/L clw/fHodf
zflGt;'/Iff sfod ug]{ dfq geO{ cem} cu|ufdL lbzfdf ljj]sk"0f{ zlQm kl/rfng u/L
:jtGqtf, ljsf; tyf dfgjclwsf/h:tf] d"t{ tyf cd"t{ s'/fsf] ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ o:tf
tflndn] ;3fp k'¥ofpg] atfpg'eof]. pRr g]t[Tjtxsf] ;'of]Uo tyf ;kmntd
g]t[Tjn] ubf{ :yfkgfsf] 5f]6f] cjlwd} ;+u7gsf] ul/df tyf dgf]an pRr x'g uPsf] pNn]v ub}{
jl/i7 pk/LIfs g]Djfªn] eGg'eof]– ‘d'n's, d's'6 / d'n'sLsf] zflGt;'/Iff tyf
cdgrog sfod /fVg' xfd|f] k|d'v nIo xf].’ sfo{qmddf ;z:q k|x/L pk/LIfs k|sfz cf]emfn]
wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ePsf] lyof]. ut ebf} @& ut]af6 ;z:q k|x/L an l5Ggd:tf u0f alb{jf;df
;+rfng ePsf] pQm tflnddf s"n ! ;o $) hgf k|lzIffyL{x¿n] ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf 5g\. – k|efs/ e§/fO{, -k|lzIffyL{_ ;femf
sfo{qmd lnP/ jfdx¿ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ sf7df8f}+, -dxfgu/_. k|d'v jfd g]tfx¿n]
;a} sDo'lgi6x¿n] ;femf sfo{qmd lnP/ Pp6} df]rf{leq cfj4 x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}NofPsf 5g\.
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] %$ cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] pknIodf k'iknfn :d[lt k|lti7fgåf/f
cfof]lht ‘g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf / jt{dfg ;+s6sf] /fhgLlts lgsf;’ ljifos
ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf ;xefuL jfd g]tfx¿n] pQm ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf x'g\. g]skf Pdfn]sL :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o >LdtL
;fxgf k|wfgn] g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf cu|0fL g]tf k'iknfn >]i7sf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{
ub{} jt{dfg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;a} jfd kf6L{x¿ Psh'6 eO{ sfo{ut Pstf ug'{kg]{
atfpg'eof]. ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{sf cWoIf ;LkL d}gfnLn] clxn]sf] jfd cfGbf]ng ckof{Kt ePsf]n]
;a} jfdx¿ Psh'6 x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof]. pxf“n] eGg'eof]– ;Dk"0f{
jfdkGyLx¿sf] ;femf / ;zQm sfo{qmdn] dfq b/af/n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] k|ltufdL zlQmnfO{ /f]Sg
;S5. g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf
dfcf]jfbL jftf{6f]nLsf ;b:o b]j u'?ªn] jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;/sf/ uDeL/ gePsfn] c;xdlt JoQm
ub}{ r]tfjgL:j?k jftf{ :ylut u/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5. cf}krfl/stf lgjf{x ug{ / lrof vfg dfq
jftf{df a:g] xf]Og eGb} ;b:o u'?ªn] hl6n ;d:of xn ug{ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] jftf{df ;/sf/
uDeL/ gePsf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof]. ljutdf uNtL ul/Psf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dLIff
u/L ;a} jfdx¿ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ atfp“b} u'?ªn] eGg'eof]– vf;vf; df]8x¿df
zflGtk"0f{?kdf klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 / Tof] ;Defjgf vf]Hb} xfdL jftf{df cfPsf
xf}+. Pstfs]Gb|sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o ;f]gfd
nfdfn] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf lbj;sf] pknIodf ;a} jfdx¿n] ;+o'Qm?kdf sfo{ut Pstf
u/L cl3 a9\g] k|lta4tf hgfpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof]. g]skf ;+o'Qmsf dxf;lrj lji0f'axfb'/
dfgGw/n] sDo'lgi6x¿ km'6\g] k|j[lQk|lt lrGtf JoQm ub}{ ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL;“usf]
jftf{df uDeL/tf gb]vfPsf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof]. ;efkltsf] cf;gaf6 k|lti7fgsf cWoIf tyf g]skf
Pdfn]sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o emngfy vgfnn] /fhfn] ax'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] s'/f
ug{] t/ Jojxf/df k~rfotL z}nL leœofPsf] cf/f]k nufp“b} clxn] e}/x]sf] ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ng / c? ;a} ljb|f]xsf] ckh; /fhfn] lng'kg]{ atfpg'eof]. cfhsf] pkTosf aGbdf l56k'6?kdf uf8L
rn]sf b]lvP eg] st} st} k;n klg v'n]. aGbsf] cfx\jfg ug]{ lalQs} 9\ofd9'Dd 9f]sf y'g]/
a:g] k/Dk/f sfod ePsf] xfd|f] d'n'sdf l56k'6?kdf aGbsf] lj/f]w ePsf] of] klxnf] cj;/ xf]nf
eg]/ kLknaf]6]x¿n] s'/f sf6]. oxL emf]+sdf aGbsf cfof]hsx¿n] klg v'n]sf k;n aGb ug{
s8fOsf ;fy bafj lbPsf] b]lvof]. c¿ t c¿ ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf nflu lx+8]sf k|];sf uf8L;d]t
hnfpg] b'ik|of; eof]. 6fo/ afn]/ cf?gf] aGbsf] k'lgt sfo{df w"k afNg tlD;Psf tL
cfof]hsx¿sf nflu h'g;'s} klg uf8L hnfpg] k|of; ug'{ 7"nf] s'/f lyPg. plxn]–plxn] ;b\efjgf kf6L{ / cGo
;fdflhs Pj+ Jofkfl/s ;+:yfn] r'6\sL ahfPs} e/df aGbnfO{ k"0f{?kn] kfgf ug]{x¿ cfhsf]
aGbdf ;sf/fTds gb]lvPkl5 cfof]hs kIfsf] lbdfu gv'l:sg] t s'/} lyPg. cfhsf] aGb eg]sf]
rfgr'g kf6L{ jf ;+:yfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf]Og. g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftflGqs h:tf] /fi6«jfbL
kf6L{ o;sf] cfof]hs ePkl5 To;sf] cGwfw'Gb ;dy{g ul/g'kg]{ lyof]. ^ dlxgcl3;Dd k|wfgdGqL
eP/ b]zsf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug'{sf ;fy} aGb sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'x'g] dxfg JolQmTj >L
z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g} clxn] aGbsf] cfof]hs ePkl5 pxf“nfO{ ;dy{g gug]{ sNn] < of]
;/f;/ cGofo eof] lg / To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfkm" ;Qfdf 5“bf c¿sf] cfGbf]ng bafP/
aGb c;kmn u¥of] eGg] cf/f]k nufO{ a]OHht ug{ gx'g] ts{ kLknaf]6sf] 5. r'6\lsnf lzIfs M vuf]n zf:q;DaGwL lj:t[t cWoog
e};Sof], n ca eg t ;"o{, rGb| / tf/fsf af/]df. ljBfyL{ M xfd|f] afh] ;"o{, afa'
rGb| / alxgL tf/f ;a} cf/fd} 5g\ ;/. |
