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hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqLnfO{ cIfdtfsf] cf/f]kdf ckb:y u/]/ nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] g]t[Tjdf dgf]lgt ;/sf/ u7g u/]kl5 clxn] /fhfsf] ;+ljwfg;Ddt\ e"ldsf / ;/sf/sf] d"Nof°g z'¿ ePsf] 5. c;f]h !* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf k|hftGq :yfkgf ePsf] afx| jif{sf] cGt/fnkl5 klxnf] k6s /fh;+:yfsf] e"ldsf k|hftflGqs Joj:yfk|ltsf] k|lta4tf / /fh;+:yfsf] eljioaf/] hl6n / ljjfbf:kb ax;sf] k|f/De ePsf] 5. o:tf] ljjfbf:kb ax;n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ dfq} hl6n, t/n / cGof]nu|:t agfPsf] 5}g, /fhfsf] k|hftGqk|ltsf] k|lta4tfdfly k|Zglr˜g v8f ePsf] 5, hgtfsf] alnbfgLk"0f{ qmflGtaf6 k'gM:yflkt k|hftGqsf] eljio clglZrt 5.

k|wfgdGqLh:tf] hgtfsf] 5f]/fn] kfpg] ;a}eGbf pRr / ul/dfdo kb bfOhf]df kfPh:t} kfpg ;kmn rGb eg] /fhfsf] /fhgLlts k|lti7f, d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts ;+j]bgzLntf / r'gf}tLk|lt k"0f{tM lg/k]IF b]lvG5g\. tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] ;/sf/nfO{ cIFdtfsf] cf/f]kdf ckb:y u/]sf] k[i7e"lddf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿, gful/s ;dfh / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo;d]tn] clxn] rGb ;/sf/sf] pknlAw, sfo{z}nL / /fhgLlts k|lta4tfsf] d"Nof°g k|F/De u/]sf 5g\. ;/sf/sf] d"Nof°g ug{] ;do t kof{Kt eO;s]sf] 5}g tyflk 5f]6f] ;dodf klg rGb ;/sf/sf] lgot, x}l;ot / pknlAwx¿ eg] ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] 5.

/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] cb"/blz{tf, e|i6frf/L k|j[lQ / /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f /fli6«o /fhgLlt g} lbzfljxLg ePsf] cf/f]k nufO/x]sf] ;dodf /fhfn] u7g u/]sf] ;/sf/ ;DejtM o:tf ljs[lt–lj;+ultaf6 d'Qm xf]nf eGg] ck]IFf cfd¿kdf ul/Psf] lyof]. t/ rGb ;/sf/sf] ;+j}wflgs x}l;ot hlt ljjfbf:kb / lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ 5, Tof]eGbf klg ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg k4lt, /fhgLlts lgot / dGqLx¿sf] sfo{z}nL ljjfbf:kb ePsf] 5. b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;/sf/n] s'g} 7f]; sfo{ unf{ egL hgtfn] ck]IFf ul//x]sf] ;dodf ;/sf/n] cf?gf] If]qflwsf/eGbf aflx/ uP/ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/L gful/s ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ /fhb/af/df a'emfof] / /fhb/af/sf] cfly{s lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/L b/af/nfO{ clwsf/ ;'lDkof].

log} b'O{{ ljjfbf:kb, cj}wflgs / ckf/bzL{ lg0f{on] g} ;/sf/sf] clei6, /fhgLlts k|lta4tf / lgot :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 / of] ;/sf/k|lt 5f]6f] ;dodf g} hgtfsf] df]xe· eO;s]sf] 5. hgtf ef]s} dg'{kg]{ l:yltdf b/af/sf] vr{ j[l4 ubf{ / dfcf]jfbL cft°n] hgtf lbglbg} dl//x]sf] ;dodf sfo{sf/L clwsf/ /fhb/af/df lgoGq0f ug]{ lg0f{on] /fhfsf] /fhgLlts 5ljdf s:tf] c;/ knf{ < /fhf hgtfsf] kL8f / hgclwsf/k|lt lrlGtt ls cf?gf] clwsf/ / vr{k|lt egL hgtfn] k|Zg p7fp“5g\ ls p7fp“b}gg\ < To;}n] of] ;/sf/sf] o:tf] ljjfbf:kb k4lt, lgot / sfo{z}nLn] s]jn ;/sf/nfO{ dfq} cnf]slk|o agfPsf] 5}g, dxf/fhflw/fhsf] 5ljdf ;d]t uDeL/ gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5.

cfdlgjf{rg tyf :yfgLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] ;/sf/ cf?gf] lhDd]jf/Lk|lt pbf;Lg 5. tTsfnLg b]pjf ;/sf/nfO{ cfdlgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ g;s]sf] cleof]udf ckb:y u/L ljz]if kl/l:yltdf s]jn lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf nflu u7g ul/Psf] ;/sf/n] tLg dlxgf;Dd s] u¥of] < s] ;/sf/n] cfdlgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{sf nflu /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs / k|Fljlws kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf u¥of] < oL k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ of] ;/sf/n] lbg'k5{ ls kb}{g < of] ;/sf/sf] b]z, hgtf / ;+ljwfgk|lt s'g} pQ/bfloTj / hjfkmb]xL x'G5 ls x'“b}g < ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] dfcf]jfbL cft° / zflGt;'/IFfsf] hl6ntfsf] sf/0fn] sflQs @& ut] lgjf{rg ug{ ;Dej gePsfn] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt k/ ;fg{ cg'/f]w u/]cg'¿k b]pjfn] l;kmfl/z ubf{ cIFdtfsf] cf/f]kdf ckb:y ul/Psf] k[i7e"lddf s]jn lgjf{rg ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu ag]sf] ;/sf/n] tLg dlxgf;Dd lgjf{rgsf] ldlt;Dd 3f]if0ff ug{;d]t ;s]sf] 5}g, lsg <

;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo /fhtGqnfO{ ;z:q ;+3if{af6} lj:yflkt u/L ;fDojfbL Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ pb\3f]ifsf ;fy ljut ;ft jif{b]lv ;~rflnt dfcf]jfbLsf] lx+;fTds hgo'4 clxn] lg0ff{os laGb'df cfOk'u]sf] 5. To;}n] /fHosf]] pkl:ylt lhNnf ;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgLdf ;Lldt eO;s]sf] 5. oyfy{df ;/sf/sf] cl:tTjsf] cg'e"lt b/af/ / zf;sx¿nfO{ afx]s cfd¿kdf s;}nfO{ 5}g. dGqL s'j]/k|;fb zdf{n] c;'/lIFt ePsf] ;fj{hlgs¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\. dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L zflGt;'/IFf sfod ug]{ k/dfb]zsf ;fy u7g ul/Psf] ;/sf/sf dGqLx¿;d]t c;'/lIFt 5g\ eg] /f]Nkf, ?s'd, hfh/sf]6 / d'u'h:tf dfcf]jfbL k|efljt lhNnfsf] l:ylt slt bf?0f / sf?l0fs xf]nf <

t/ of] ;/sf/ clxn] xlgd'g dgfpg Jo:t 5. of] ;/sf/sf dGqLx¿ clxn] /fhwfgLsf tf/] xf]6nx¿df cfof]hgf ul/g] uf]i7L / ;]ldgf/x¿df /]8n]jn / lrs]g /f]:6 vf“b} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿, k|hftflGqs Joj:yf / /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ ufnL ub}{ /fhfsf] k|z+;f / :t'lt ufpg Jo:t 5.

clxn] of] ;/sf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ s'g} ;+j}wflgs / j}wflgs lgsfo 5}g. ;/sf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;+;b\ cl:tTjdf 5}g. ;+ljwfgsf] wf/fcg'¿k ;/sf/ u7g ug]{, ;/sf/sf] IF]qflwsf/ lgoGq0f ug]{, ;/sf/nfO{ sfg'gsf] kl/lwleq lgoGq0f ug]{ ;+ljwfg klg clxn] lqmofzLn 5}g. ;/sf/ hgtf, k|hftflGqs Joj:yf / ;+;b\k|lt pQ/bfoL 5}g. dGqLx¿;d]t k|wfgdGqLk|lt pQ/bfoL 5}gg\. cl;d lgufxf / cg'sDkfn] hLjgdf klxnf] / clGtd k6s dGqL x'g] ;f}eFUo kfPsf Ps ;xfosdGqLn] k|wfgdGqL rGbs} pkl:yltdf ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xdf k|wfgdGqLk|lt xf]Og ls /fhfn] dgf]lgt u/]sf] x'gfn] s]jn /fhfk|lt dfq} pQ/bfoL ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP. To;}n] of] ;/sf/sf dGqLx¿ c;gsf ;f“9]x¿eGbf klg 5f8f / :j]R5frf/L 5g\. of] ;/sf/sf dGqLx¿ b]z, hgtf s;}sf k|lt klg pQ/bfoL 5}gg\. ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] cf˜jfg u/]sf] z}lIFs x8\tfnsf] ;d:of t ;dfwfg ug{ g;Sg] :j]R5frf/L / hgtfk|lt cg'Q/bfoL ;/sf/;“u g]kfnL hgtfn] s] ck]IFf /fVg] <

l5d]sL ldq/fi6«;“u s"6gLlts ;DaGw ;'dw'/ agfO{ g]kfnsf] 5lj cGt/f{li6«o hutdf k|efjsf/L agfpg] lgb]{zg kfPsf] ;/sf/n] s"6gLlts If]qdf emg k"0f{ c;kmn b]lvof]. b]pjf ;/sf/nfO{ u}/;+j}wflgs tl/sfn] ckb:y u/L rGb ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 ldq/fi6«x¿af6 cf}krfl/s ;dy{g xfl;n ug{;d]t ;s]g. /fhfsf] /fhgLlts k|lti7fnfO{ bfpdf /fv]/ Ps dlxgfkl5 cf}krfl/s t/ lr;f] ;dy{g t kfof], Tof] klg ;zt{. ;/sf/sf nflu of]eGbf 7"nf] s"6gLlts c;kmntf c¿ s] x'g;S5 < dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds hgo'4 lgoGq0f ug{ k"j{jtL{ b]pjf ;/sf/n] cGt/f{li6«o hut;“u xfl;n u/]sf] ;dy{gnfO{ klg ;/sf/n] lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ug{ ;s]g.

of] ;/sf/sf] ;+j}wflgs x}l;ot, pQ/bfloTj / hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cefjdf cd]l/sfnufot klZrdL d'n'sx¿n] ;Demf}tf eO;s]sf ef}lts ljsf; / ;fdl/s ;xof]usf cfof]hgfx¿;d]t k'glj{rf/ ul//x]sf 5g\. a]nfotsf] g]t[Tjdf dfcf]jfbL cft°af6 kLl8t hgtfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u h'6fpg] p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] g]kfn ;xfotf ;d"xsf] a}7s klg ;/sf/s} pbf;Lgtf / b[li6sf]0fljxLgtfsf] sf/0fn] ;kmn x'g ;s]g. cd]l/sf g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] eljio / ;+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0fk|lt slt ;+j]bgzLn /x]5 eGg] jf:tljstfsf] cg'e"lt ev{/} ;DkGg e|d0fsf] cj;/df ;xfos ljb]zdGqL lqml:6gf /f]sfn] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx¿;“u ePsf] e]6jftf{sf] cj;/df JoQm ljrf/ / kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf jt{dfg ;/sf/fnfO{ s"6gLlts efiffdf lbPsf] r]tfjgLn] :ki6 ePsf] 5. ;fs{ ;Dd]ngsf] af/]df ef/t / kfls:tfgsf] ljjfbdf klg g]kfnn] ;fs{sf] cWoIfsf] x}l;otn] s'g} e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ g;s]sf]df kfls:tfgn] rGb ;/sf/sf] s"6gLlts efiffdf s6'cfnf]rgf u/]sf] 5.

rGb ;/sf/sf] j:t'ut d"Nof°g /fhgLlts kf6L{, gful/s ;dfh, g]kfnL hgtfsf ;fy} ;j{k|yd :jod\ dxf/fhflw/fhn] g} ul/aS;]sf] 5. rGb ;/sf/ s]jn hgtfsf] gh/d dfq} xf]Og /fhfsf] gh/df ;d]t olt lgsDdf, nfrf/ / c;kmn ;fljt eO;s]sf] /x]5 ls /fhf cfkm}+n] b/af/df af]nfP/ k|wfgdGqLb]lv dGqLx¿ ;a}nfO{ uDeL/ r]tfjgL lbg'k¥of] / cfufdL lbgdf kbLo kof{bf sfod /fvL b]z / hgtfsf kIfdf sfo{ ug{ lgb]{zg lb“b} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf lj?4 ljifjdg gug{ s8f x's'd hf/L u/]sf] oyfy{ ;~rf/dfWodx¿af6 ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] 5. o;/L ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] b'O{ dlxgf klg glaTb} dGqLx¿nfO{ b/af/df e]nf u/L lgb]{zg lbg'kg]{ kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g' :jod\ dxf/fhflw/fhsf nflu klg sbflk z'e / ;'vb\ ;+s]t xf]Og. oBlk o:tf] s6'lgisif{ /fhfb]lv /+s;Dd s;}nfO{ klg ;'vb\ ;Gb]z xf]Og. tyflk d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts jf:tljstf oxL g} xf].

d"nf dlxdf

o'un a;]n

nf o:tf] ax'kof]uL jg:klt xf] h;sf] kft, h/f, 8's', aLph:tf ;a} c· u'0f}u'0fn] ;DkGg 5g\. d"nfsf k|To]s c·nfO{ rkfP/ ‘:jfb lng ;lsG5. t}klg s;}nfO{ xf]Rofpg'kbf{ pm d"nf, t“ d"nf, Tof] d"nf lsg elgG5 of] cfZro{s} ljifo xf]. h'g cg';Gw]o g} x'g;S5.

d"nf kxf8b]lv t/fO{;Dd hxf“ klg plAhg] jg:klt xf], o;sf d'Vo b'O{ hflt 5g\– ;]tf] d"nf / /ftf] d"nf. hflt b'O{ dfq eP klg pkhflt / k|hflt eg] cg]sf}+ 5g\. /ftf] d"nfsf klg b'O{ d'Vo pkhflt 5g\– ;fbf /ftf] d"nf / lk/f] /ftf] d"nf. c¿ d"nf 3/af/Ldf emf“luPsf 5g\ eg] lk/f] /ftf] d"nf jgaf/Ldf ;UnfO/x]sf] 5. ;a}y/L d"nfsf] pTklQ o'/f]kdf ePsf] xf]. lk/f] /ftf] d"nfsf] j+z ;'wf/ eg] xfd|} l5d]slt/ ePsf] xf]. o; lk/f] d"nfn] c¿ ;a} d"nfsf] gfs 6§fpg] kfl//x]sf] 5.

;]tf], /ftf], ;fbf, lk/f] ;a}y/L d"nfsf hflt, pkhflt, k|hflt k|To]sn] cfkm" g} ;a}eGbf pkof]uL / nf]ssNof0fsf/L 5' egL bfaL ul//x]sf x'G5g\. cfkm"nfO{ >]i7 ;flat ug{ d]/f] uf]?sf] afx|} 6Ssf eGg] pvfgnfO{ pgLx¿n] d"ndGq agfPsf x'G5g\. ltgn] h]–h:tf] bfaL u/] tfklg hlt hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf cfPsf 5g\ / Pp6} 8\ofªsf d"nf ;flat ePsf 5g\ pgLx¿.

d"nf vfgsf nflu dhfsf] eP klg o;sf] 8sf/ gdhfsf] x'G5, h:tf] ls s;d vfP/ r'gfp lhTg t dhf x'G5 t/ s;d k"/f ug'{k¥of] eGg] s'/f ;'Gbf gdhf x'G5. d"nfsf] 8sf/n] dflg;–dflg;aLr b"/L k}bf ul/lbG5. To;}n] ‘cb'jf vfO{ ;ef a;, d"nf vfO{ jg k;’ eGg] pvfg hlGdPsf] xf]. clxn] eg] ‘3"; vfO{ cb'ccf k;, cb'ccfn] k7fPkl5 h]n a;’ eGg] gof“ pvfg hlGdPsf] 5.

d"nfsf] 8sf/h:t} gdhfsf] 8sf/ 7fn" d'n'sn] s·fn d'n'ssf hgtfaLr k}bf ul/lbG5g\. h;n] ubf{ ul/ax¿ cfk;df tfgftfg / xfgfxfg ug{ yfN5g\. ptf 7fn"x¿ eg] n'sL–n'sL lvTs“b} tfnL lk6\g] u5{g\. n8\g]x¿n] ltg} 7fn";“u xltof/ lsg]/ cfkm"nfO{ cem s·fn / r08fn tyf pgLx¿nfO{ dfnfdfn agfp“5g\.

d"nfsf vf; ljz]iftf s] xf] eg] of] d}nfdf ;k|G5. d"nf dfq} lsg < dfG5] klg ;kmf df6f]df cl8“bf ;'s]gf;sf] km]nf k/]sf] / d}nf] df6f]df ul8“bf lbg b'O{ u'gf /ft rf}u'gf df}nfp“b} uPsf] s'/f ;a}n] cf“vfel/ b]v]s} s'/f xf].

d"nfnfO{ sf6]/, ef“r]/, lgdf]7]/ h;/L vfP klg x'G5. ksfP klg x'G5, rkfP klg x'G5. o;nfO{ vf“b] l;GsL alglbG5, ;f“w] crf/ alglbG5. e'6] t/sf/L / s'6] e'h'/L alglbG5. nf]sn bf?sf nflu l;tg aG5 eg] ljb]zL dlb/fsf nflu ;nfb. l9“8f] lgNg] emf]n / emf]n lgNg] l;tgsf] /f]n o;}n] k"/f u5{. o;nfO{ cfkm}+ vfP klg x'G5, cf?gfnfO{ v'jfP klg x'G5. log} s'/fx¿n] ubf{ d"nf / ;'wf g]kfnL hgtfaLr tfbfTDos ;fb[Zotf k}bf ePsf] 5. d"nfnfO{ h:t} ;'wfnfO{ klg h;f] dg nfUof] p;} u/fP/ nfe lng ;lsG5. a]nfla;]s x]/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ slxn] 9f]u] x'G5 t slxn] 7f]]s] klg x'G5. Toltn] gk'u] 6f]s] klg x'G5. OR5f nfu]sf] a]nf pgLx¿nfO{ bf}8fP x'G5 / dhL{ nfu]sf] a]nf /f]s] x'G5. h;f] klg u/fpg ;Sg]sf nflu pgLx¿ ;f“lRrs} ;'gsf km'n lbg] s'v'/Lx¿ x'g\.

d"nf oltlj£g ax'kof]uL eP klg of] ;a}sf kx'“rdf eg] 5}g. oxf“ s'g}–s'g} ;'Ts]/L gf/LnfO{ d"nfsf] emf]n klg pknAw 5}g. en} o;} d'n'ssf 6f7faf7f ;'Ts]/f k'?ifnfO{ kmf]6'{dh:tf] dx“uf] bafO ;lhn} lsg gh'6f];\. Tolt d"Nojfg\ bafO gvfO{ ljr/fx¿ k|f8f] jf kh]/f] r9\g]h:tf] ;fxl;s s/fdt s;/L ug{ ;Sy] / <

o:tf] ljlzi6 u'gufg / d"nfsf] k"/f aofg ug{ s}of}+ lhe|F ePsf ;fIFft k/d :t'lt ufosx¿n] t ;Sb}gg\ eg] d cls~rgn] s] ;s'“nf / < ;s]g eg]/ /ftf / ;]tf d"nfsf kf/vL cg'/fuLx¿n] d]/f nflu x]nf JoQm ug]{ zAbsf] ¿kdf ‘d"nf’ sf] k|of]u ug'{ x'g] 5}g eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, k"/f e/f];f 5.

o'k|m]6;sf] lsgf/df x'ls{Psf] /fli6«otf

u·fk|;fb rf}w/L

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