a|'gfO{df uf]vf{ kmf}hsf] ;]jf cjlw s;sf] cg'dltdf yk eof] <

lx/0onfn >]]i7

ut zlgaf/ a]n'sL /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgdf k|;fl/t tyf lxhf] cfOtaf/ Pp6f c+u|]hL b}lgsdf k|sflzt b'O{ nfOgsf] Pp6f ;dfrf/n] d]/f] Wofg cfslif{t u¥of]– ‘a]nfotL ;/sf/ / a'|gfO{ ;/sf/n] la|l6z–uf]vf{sf Ps c+usf] a'|gfO{df pkl:yltsf] cjlwnfO{ csf]{ kf“r jif{ lj:tf/ ug{ d~h'/ u¥of]. ;g\ !(^% b]lv la|l6z–uf]vf{n] a'|gfO{df cf?gf] ;'/Iff ;]jf pknAw u/fp“b} cfO/x]sf] 5. g]kfnl;t ;xdlt lnP/ uf]vf{nL ;}Go ;]jfsf] cjlw yk u/]sf] xf] ls xf]Og eGg] s'/f pQm ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5}g. la|l6z–uf]vf{sf] ;fy} a'|gfO{df e"tk"j{ uf]vf{nL hjfgx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t u/]/ ;g\ !(&$ b]lv uf]vf{ l/he{ o'lg6 -hLcf/o"_ nfO{ a]Un} ;'/Iff ;]jfdf nufp“b} cfO/x]sf 5g\. o;/L a'|gfO{df uf]vf{ ;}lgsj[lQsf] cf?g} l;nl;nf hf/L 5.

;g\ !(^@ df la|l6z zf;gcGtu{t g} a'|gfO{df klxnf] cfdlgjf{rg eof]. To;a]nf a'|gfO{ lkkN; kf6L{n] ax'dt k|fKt u¥of]. t/ a'|gfO{sf ;'Ntfgn] ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug{ dfg]g. a|'gfO{ lkkN; kf6L{sf ;dy{sx¿n] ljb|f]x u¥of]. jt{dfg ;'Ntfgsf lktf ;'Ntfg cf]df/ cln ;Okm'l2gn] a]nfotl;t kmf}hL ;xfotf dfu]. l;+ufk'/af6 la|l6z–uf]vf{sf] b|f];|f] hLcf/ a6flnognfO{ a|'gfO{ k7fof] / pQm ljb|f]xnfO{ bdg u¥of]. la|l6z k|d'v / ;'Ntfgsf] zf;g sfod /fVg tyf t]n e08f/sf] /Iffsf] nflu a'|gfO{sf ;'Ntfgl;t /f]oN6L lnP/ / Toxf“ t}gfy ul/g] la|l6z uf]vf{sf] vr{ a'|gfO{n] a]xf]g]{ u/L a]nfotn] ;g\ !(^% b]lv a'|gfO{l;t ;Demf}tf u/]/ la|l6z–uf]vf{sf] Ps a6flnognfO{ a'|gfO{sf] ;'/Iff ;]jfdf nufp“b} cfO/x]sf] 5. o; k6s u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb ykcg';f/ ;g\ @))* ;Dd la|l6z–uf]vf{ a6flnog a'|gfO{df /xg]5g\. gfkmf x'g] eP a]nfotn] To;kl5 klg la|l6z–uf]vf{sf] ;]jf a'|gfO{nfO{ pknAw u/fO/xg] ;Defjgf 5.

;g\ !(^@ sf] ljb|f]x ;kmntfk"j{s bafPsf]n] / kl5 aGbL ljb|f]xL g]tfx¿ s}baf6 eufpg dnfofnL ;]gfn] sdhf]/L b]vfPsf] t/ uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] lbPsf] sfdk|lt Odfgbf/ / akmfbf/ eO{ st{Jo k"/f u/]sf] x'gfn] a'|gfO{sf ;'Ntfg k|efljt eO{ cjsfz k|fKt la|l6z–uf]vf{x¿nfO{ l;w} egf{ u/]/ uf]vf{ ;'/Iff uf8{sf] :yfkgf !(&$ b]lv ug{ yflnof]. z'?df la|l6z clkm;/x¿nfO{ To;sf] sdf08/ agfOPsf] lyof]. kl5 a'|gfO{sf d]h/ hg/n bftf] k]lxg ;f/L g} hLcf/o"sf k|d'v eP/ ;~rfng u/]. df]xgl;+x u'?ª cflbn] hLcf/o" ;+u7g ug{ ;3fPsf lyP. la|l6z–uf]vf{x¿sf nflu hLcf/o"df ;]jf bf];|f] Sofl/o/sf] ¿kdf a9L cfDbfgL x'g] ePsfn] cfsif{s ePsf] b]lvG5.

a'|gfO{sf sfG5f clw/fhs'df/ lk|G; h]km/Ln] cf?gf k|fOe]6 ;'/Iff, 8«fOe/, s'snufotsf ljljw sfddf ;of}+ uf]vf{nLx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg u/]sf lyP. a'|gfO{sf ;'Ntfgsf] lghL lrlsT;ssf] ¿kdf g]kfnsf 8f= Pg8L hf]zLn] nfdf] ;]jf ub}{ dGqL;/x ;Ddfg kfPsf lyP. xfn pgs} ;'k'qn] klg lghL lrlsT;ssf ¿kdf a'|gfO{ b/af/sf] ;]jf ub}{5g\. To;/L a'|gfO{df d"ntM ;}lgsj[lQdf / s]xLn] u}/;}lgs ;]jfdf klg g]kfnaf6 Totf uP/ sfd ub}{5g\. @)$*÷)$( ;fnb]lv >d ljefusf] :jLs[lt lnP/ a'|gfO{df j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿ klg hfg yfn]sf 5g\. @)%*÷)%( j}zfv;Dddf a'|gfO{df To;/L uPsf (& hgf >d ljefusf] tYof+sdf b]vfOPsf] 5.

blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;ofdf cjl:yt a'|gfO{ @ xhf/ @ ;o @* ju{ lsdL If]qkmn ePsf] aGb/;]/L j]ufjfgdf /fhwfgL ePsf] sl/a ;f9] tLg nfv hg;+Vof ePsf] O:nfd wd{sf] afx'No ePsf] ;'Ntfgn] /fHo ug]{ b]z xf]. jt{dfg /fi6« k|d'v ;'Ntfg ;/ d'bf x:;gn] af]Nvfx d'Hhflbg af2f}nx x'g'x'G5. !^ cf}+ ztfAbLsf] k|f/Dedf a'|gfO{ clxn]sf] cfsf/eGbf 7"nf] / k|efjzfnL ;'Ntfg]6 /fHo lyof]. !*** df u|]6 la|6]gsf] ;+/lIft /fHosf] ¿kdf /Iff / ljb]z dfldnf lgoGq0f ug]{ u/L a'|gfO{ ;lGwåf/f cfj4 eof]. !(*$ sf] hgj/L ! df (^ jif{kl5 a'|gfO{ k"0f{¿kdf :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg /fHo eof]. t]n / Uof“;sf] 7"nf] e08f/ ePsf] a'|gfO{sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu a]nfotn] la|l6z–uf]vf{ ;}lgs ;]jf k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} t]n sDkgL rnfP/ 7"nf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5.

a'|gfO{sf] :jtGqtfsf] 3f]if0ff ;df/f]xdf efu lng g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 >L % clw/fhs'df/ wL/]Gb| !(*$ df a'|gfO{ ;jf/L ePsf] lyof]. k//fi6« dGqL d]h/ hg/n kbdaxfb'/ vqL klg ;fy} hfg'ePsf] lyof]. a'|gfO{l:yt hLcf/ / hLo"cf/sf] k/]8 klg lg/LIf0f ug'{ePsf] lyof]. !(*$ km/j/L # df g]kfn / a'|gfO{aLr /fhb"t:t/df bf}+To ;DaGw :yflkt eof]. !(*$ dO{df k|yd zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t lvn]Gb|k|;fb kf08]n] a'|gfO{sf ;'Ntfg;dIf cf?gf] cf]xbfsf] k|df0fkq r9fpg'ePsf] lyof]. @@ dfr{ !(*$ df a'|gfO{n] g]kfnsf] zflGt If]q k|:tfjsf] ;dy{g hgfP/ kq k7fPsf] lyof]. !(*% cui6df >L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxaf6 a'|gfO{sf] e|d0f ul/aS;]sf] lyof]. a'|gfO{sf sfg'g / ;~rf/dGqL xfhL cAaf;n] !(*^ df g]kfnsf] e|d0f ug'{ePsf] lyof]. a'|gfO{af6 k|yd /fhb"t bftf] kfbsf hfkm/fn] >L % ;dIf !* l8;]Da/ !(*& df cf?gf] cf]xbfsf] k|df0fkq r9fPsf lyP.

o;/L g]kfnl;t bf}+To ;DaGw sfod x'g' / /fhsLo ;DaGw ljsf; x'g'k"j{ ;g\ !(^& df a'|gfO{sf ;'Ntfg ;/ cf]d/ cnL ;xLkm'l/ogn] g]kfnsf] e|d0f ug'{ePsf] tYo klg pNn]vgLo 5. >L % af6 ;'NtfgnfO{ bz{ge]6 aS;“bf g]kfnl:yt la|l6z /fhb"t Pcf/Pr s]nfz klg ;fy} pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof]. @)@^ ;fndf a'|gfO{ ;'Ntfgsf] ;+/IfsTjdf a'|gfO{df uf]vf{ sNof0fsf]if :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof]. cjsfz k|fKt e"k" uf]vf{sf ;xfotfy{ ;f] sf]if v8f ul/Psf] lyof].

Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/sf nflu g]kfnn] a'|gfO{l;t !(*) sf] bzsb]lv k|of; hf/L /fVb} cfO/x]sf] 5. !(*^ df k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cfoft ug{ cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf ;lrjsf] g]t[Tjdf 6f]nL a'|gfO{ uPsf] lyof]. ko{6g dGqfnosf ;lrjsf] g]t[Tjdf csf]{ 6f]nL xjfO{;]jf ;DaGw sfod ug{ a'|gfO{ uPsf] lyof]. !(*^ h'nfO{df b'O{ b]zaLr xjfO{;]jf ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ klg ePsf] lyof]. hg:t/df ldqtf clej[l4 ug{ !(*( df tTsfnLg lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;xfosdGqL If]qk|tfk clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf g]kfn–a'|gfO{ d}qL tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+3 :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof]. xfn vf8L If]q tgfjk"0f{ /x]sf]n] a'|gfO{af6} k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ dufpg kxn ug{' pko'Qm x'g]5.

g]kfnl;t ;Demf}tf gu/L u7g ul/Psf] hLcf/o"sf] :6f6\; / ;'/IffsdL{x¿sf] xslxtaf/] k|Zg p7fPkl5 !((& df /fhs'df/ sGbªjf, k'/ghg /fO{nufotsf s]xL hjfgx¿nfO{ ;]jfd'Qm u/L kmsf{Psf] lyof].

!((& km]a|c/L @% df :yflkt hLcf/o"sf] /ht hoGtL !((( km/j/L @% df a'|gfO{df eJo¿kdf ;df/f]x u/L dgfPsf] lyof]. g]kfn, a]nfot / l;+ufk'/af6;d]t pQm ;df/f]xdf cltlyx¿ e]nf ePsf lyP. hLcf/o"df cf}zt @% ;o hjfg e"k" uf]vf{ hjfgx¿n] ;]jf ub}{5g\. n]l?6g]G6 s0f]{n nfnaxfb'/ k'gnufotsf clkm;/x¿n] hLcf/o"df pRr ;Ddfg kfPsf / s]xL uf]vf{ clkm;/x¿n] eg] uf]vf{ hjfgx¿s} zf]if0f u/]sf] u'gf;f] u]O;f]sf k|sfzgx¿df pNn]v 5g\.

a'|gfO{df ;}lgsj[lQdf /x]sf uf]vf{nLx¿af/] s]xL g]kfnL kqklqsfx¿n] a]nfavt ;DkfbsLo / l6Kk0fLx¿ k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\. gof“ ;dfh b}lgsn] @^ a}zfv @)$) ;DkfbsLodf o;/L n]v]sf] 5– a'|gfO{ :jtGq ePkl5 Toxf“ a]nfotn] /fVg nfu]sf] a|l6z–uf]vf{sf] e"ldsf s:tf] x'g] eGg] af/] a'|gfO{ / a]nfotsf] ;f]rfOdf km/s ePsf] va/k|lt >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] Wofg hfg' cfjZos 5. h;/L ef/t :jtGq ePkl5 ef/t / a]nfotn] uf]vf{nL kmf}h /fVg tL b'O{ b]zx¿aLr dfq xf]Og g]kfnnfO{ klg ;fd]n u/fP/ lqkIfLo ;Demf}tf ug'{k/]sf] lyof], To;/L g} a]nfot Pjd\ a'|gfO{sf] aLr uf]vf{ ;]gfaf/] x'g] ;xdltdf g]kfnnfO{ ;l/s u/fOg} k5{. g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ljb]zsf] ;]gfdf /xg lbg] jf glbg] eGg] lg0f{o g]kfnn] ug'{k5{. To;;DaGwL gLltut lg0f{o lnO;s]kl5 g]kfnn] a'\gfO{df uf]vf{ ;]gf /fVg]af/] a]nfot / a'|gfO{aLrsf] s'/fsfgLdf lg0ff{os e"ldsf clgjfo{¿kdf v]Ng'k5{. a'|gfO{df uf]vf{ l/he{ o'lg6 gfds ;]gfsf] Joj:yf s;/L eof] < To;;DaGwdf g]kfnn] :jLs[lt lbPsf] 5 ls 5}g / To;f] ug'{ lqkIfLo ;Demf}tfsf] cg'¿k 5 ls 5}g eGg] s'/f klg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] hfgsf/L lbg'k5{, g]kfnLx¿n] ljb]zL ;~rf/dfWodaf6 To;af/] va/ k9L hfgsf/L lng'kg]{ k/Dk/f 6'6fpg'k5{.

o:t} csf]{ b}lgs ‘;dfh’n] !(() cS6f]a/ @$ df n]v]sf] 5– la|l6z uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] a'|gfO{sf] ;'Ntfgsf] t]n ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff ub}{5g\. t/ a'|gfO{df uf]vf{nL l;kfxLx¿sf] ;]jf pknAw u/fPjfkt c+u|]hx¿n] a'|gfO{sf] ;'Ntfgaf6 jif{sf] *) nfv kfpG8 sldzg vf“b}5g\. g]kfnLx¿nfO{ a'|gfO{sf] ;'Ntfgl;t ;f]em} s'/f gu/]/ c+u|]hdfkm{t\ s'/f ubf{ o:tf] gf]S;fg ePsf] xf]. To;a]nfsf k|Zgx¿sf] clxn];Dd hjfkm kfPsf] b]lv+b}g.

xfdL >L % sf] ;/sf/l;t k|Zg ug{ rfxG5f}+– a'|gfO{df hLcf/ / hLo"cf/ /fVg g]kfnn] :jLs[lt lbPsf] 5 ls 5}g < s] a]nfotn] uf]vf{nLx¿nfO{ k'gj]{rlavg -l/;]n]jn_ sf] j:t' ;Dem]/ t];|f] d'n'ssf] ;]jfdf nufpg kfp“5 ls kfp“b}g < cnu e"k" u]vf{nLx¿sf] ;'/Iff o'lg6 u7g ug{ kfp“5 ls kfp“b}g < s] uf]vf{ etL{af/]sf ;lGw;Demf}tfx¿ k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ a]nf ePg / < o;af/] hgtfnfO{ ;'';'lrt u/fOof];\.

ljsf;] ef“8f]

dfwj ‘lg/f;L’

ljsf;sf] jf:tljs kl/efiff ;fRr} eGg] xf] eg] xfn;Dd ljZjsf s'g} klg /fi6«sf ljåfg\ /fhgLlt1x¿n] lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ t/ g]kfnsf cw{lzlIft ljsf;] /fhgLlt1x¿n] eg] o;sf] kl/efiff w]/} klxn] g} lbO;s]sf 5g\.

sldnfn] u/]sf] >db]lv kbdf k'u]sfn] u/]sf] e|i6frf/nfO{ klg ljsf;s} ¿kdf lng] xf] eg] g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efu ljsf;n] kl/k"0f{ dfq xf]Og el/k"0f{ eO;s]sf] 5. 3/df ;f“em–laxfg 5fs 6fg{ Psu]8f] gkfpg]]n] jif}{lkR5] ;Gtfg hGdfP klg ljsf;} xf] eg] jiff{df uf]j/sf] yf;df Rofp pld|Pem+} u/L /fhgLlts bn / g]tf hlGdP klg ljsf;} xf] t/ o:tf] ljsf; c6\g] ef“8f]sf] eg] g]kfndf ljsf; s;/L eof], crDd nfUbf] 5.

g]kfnL df6f]df kfgLsf] lgsf; ;'s]/ /utsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf] ;dodf e"lddf xf]Og sfuhdf ljsf;sf Kofs]hx¿ oqtq 5l/Psf] 5. ;d]6\g g;s]/ g]kfnL e"ldnfO{ ef/ eO/x]sf] ;dodf bft[/fi6x¿n] lbPsf] cg'bfgnfO{ ca sf/fuf/df, k|x/L sfof{nox?df y'kfl/lbPsf] v08df / d';fsf b'nfx¿ k'g]{ sfddf k|of]u u/] ljsf;] ef“8f]df gc6]sf] ljsf; tx nfUbYof] xf]nf. t/ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] a'l4 g} kl5 k/]kl5 O{Zj/ bflxg] eP/ cfof]usf] b}nf]df t]l;{P klg s]xL gnfUg] /x]5 eGg] oyfy{ ca t sfuem}+ s/fpg]x¿n] klg a'lem;s]h:tf] 5.

ljsf;sf] /fhwfgL dflgPsf] g]kfnsf] u|fdL0f If]qs} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] uf8f u'8\g] ;8s ;f“u'l/P/ ;fOsn rNg g;Sg] ePsf] cj:yfdf hgtfn] ljsf; rflxof] eg]/ s/fpg'sf] s'g} cy{ g} 5}g. ljsf;jfbL hgtfn] s'/} ga'emL s/fPs} sf/0fn] klg b'Mv kfPsf x'g\ eg] g]tfx¿n] oxL df}sf 5f]k]/ sfuhdf ljsf; e/]/ cflnzfg dxn agfpg ;Ifd ePsf] clVtof/n] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5.

sfnf] j:t' ;]tf] / ;]tf] j:t' sfnf]df kl/0ft ug]{;Ddsf] ljsf; ePsf] g]kfndf ca ljsf; ug{ lgif]wf1f hf/L u/] s'g} km/s gkg]{ ePsf] 5. lsgeg] /ftel/ ljsf; ug]{ h+unsf z]/ 5g\ eg] lbgel/ ljsf; ug]{ kf“r jif]{ 9f8]x¿ ePkl5 c? HofdL lsg rflxof] / / t/ oL b'O{ ljsf;]x¿dWo] kf“r jif]{ 9f8]x¿ eg] h+unsf z]/nfO{ b]Vof] ls wf]tL g 6f]kL eP/ s'n]nd 7f]Sg] u5{g\ / kf] dfTof] t /

hlt ljsf; vf“b] klg gkm'6\g], gel/g] of] ef“8f] ;fob c;nL ljsf;]sf] km]nf gk/]s} sf/0f htf klg l7Ss ePsf] x'g;S5. t/ ca ljsf;]sdL{x¿n] gcflQO{sg xftdf e]§fP xftdf, kftdf e]§fP kftdf cyf{t\ egf}+ h]df e]§fof] To;}df uds{¥ofpg yfn] x'G5. sfuhafx]ssf cGo j:t'df udSof{Psf] ljsf;sf] k|df0f g} gx'g] ePkl5 s] sf] 8/ / cflv/ sfuhdf ljsf; ug]{x¿ clVtof/s} ;lwof/ eP/ a;]kl5 To:tf ljsf;] ef“8fx¿ ljsf; 5l/P/ cfkm}+ l/Qf x'G5g\.

ef“8f]nfO{ 7f8f] / ljsf;nfO{ 8f“8f] ;lDemg]x¿sf lglDt ca sfuhL ljsf; klg cfsfzsf] kmnem}+ x'g;Sg] k|foM lglZrt ePsf] ;dodf vNtLleqsf] ljsf;nfO{ uNtL eof] eg]/ ljgfzlt/ unxTofP ;a}eGbf /fd|f] x]fnf / lsgeg] g]kfnL ljsf; ug]{ ef“8f] g} l/lQg k'u]sf] 5. l/Qf] ef8f]sf] s] ljsf; ug'{ eGg]x¿sf nflu of] ;'j0f{ cj;/ x'g klg ;S5. To;y{ cj k"j{hGddf ljsf; rfVg] cfzfn] klZrdL hGdsf] af6f] nfu] cfhsf ljsf;jfbLx¿sf] enf] xf]nf /

ca ljsf;] enf] / s'enf]s} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf d"v{ Hof]ltifLx¿n] u/]sf] eljiojf0fLdf g]tfx¿n] ;+zf]wg u/]sf s'/f 7\ofSs} d]n vfPsf] clVtof/sf] cg';Gwfgn] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPs} 5. k|df0fdflysf] ;k|df0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] ljsf;] ef“8f]df hflsPsf] ljsf;n] b]z} uGxfpg yfn]sf] 5. of] ljsf;] b'u{Gw x6fpgsf lglDt ;j{k|yd ef“8f] kl/jt{g ug'{kb{5 eg] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] of]hgf to ubf{ hgtfsf lgldQ xf]Og kf“r jif]{ 9f8]sf lglDt rf]/af6f] agfOlbg'kb{5, of]hgf cfof]hgfsf k|d'vx¿sf lglDt;d]t sfuhL ljsf;sf] kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ :jLs[lt lbg' plrt x'g]5. o;af6 ljsf; uGxfP klg ;DalGwt JolQmdf b'u{Gw gk'Ug] x'“bf ef“8f] klg ;'/lIft x'g] b]lvG5. cflv/L k/Dk/f / k|j[lQs} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] cfh;Dd ljsf;sf gfddf To;sf] kfngf eOcfPs} 5. jt{dfg u'?s'n ;/sf/sf] klg cfzo ToxL g} xf] eGg] /x:o ;fj{hlgs ePsf]n] ljsf;] ef“8f]sf] kl/efiff lbO/xg'kb}{g.

k/Dk/fd} hsl8Psf] afn Gofo k|0ffnL

6+s kGt

xfd|f] ;dfhsf] hlt;'s} /fd|f kIfx¿ eP klg of] jf:tjdf zf]if0fd"ns, lje]bk"0f{ zlQm ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t 5. ;dfh Psflt/ pHofnf] eljiosf] vf]hLdf lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 eg] tfklg Toxf“leq k|z:t k'/ftgkGy, k|ltlqmofTds k|j[lQ / ;fdflhs, n}l·s lje]bx¿ /x]sf] 5. To;}n] o;sf] zflGtk"0f{ / ljjs]k"0f{ kl/jt{g cfjZos 5. cGofo / cTofrf/sf] e'd/LnfO{ kG5fpg'kg]{ h?/L o; cy{df klg 5 ls ljsf;sf] afws klg ToxL alg/x]sf] 5. vf; u/L afn cGofosf] If]q hlt km/flsnf] aGb} uPsf] 5 To;n] x/ If]qdf k|efj kfl/x]sf] 5. eljiosf s0f{wf/ eg] klg eljiosf ;+jfxs eg] klg ;a} pgLx¿ g} ef]lnsf eGg] ¿kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 t/ Jojxf/df To:tf] ePsf] kfO“b}g. /fHo ;~rfnsx¿sf] d'vdf Pp6f s'/f Jojxf/df csf]{ x'g] u/]sf] 5. @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] s'/f xfdL ul//xsf 5f}+ t/ of] cfw'lgs ;+;f/df klg afnaflnsfx¿ of}gb'/frf/Lsf] lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g\. o:tf] l:ylt g]kfndf dfq xf]Og cGo b]zdf klg ljBdfg ePsf] s'/f k|sfzdf cfpg] u/]sf] 5. afnb'/frf/ a9\bf] 5 t/ b08 sd 5. ef]lnsf eljiodfly v]njf8 ug]{pk/ hlt;'s} s8f b08 lbP klg k'Ub}g t/ To:tf] s8f b08sf] Joj:yf cem} klg 5}g.

ut xKtf dfq} sf7df8f}+df afn Gofo / dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof]. Tof] ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL /fi6«x¿n] afnb'/frf/ g/f]lsPsf] t/ b08sf] Joj:yf ;Gtf]ifk|b gePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]. jf:tjdf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ / pgLx¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu sfo{/t ;+:yfx¿n] To; s'/fnfO{ uxg¿kdf lng'kg]{ cfjZostf emg\ a9]sf] 5. 8]lg; dfgjclwsf/ ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf sf7df8f}+ :s'n ckm nn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;Dd]ngsf] lgisif{n] /fHokIf dfq xf]Og cGo kIf klg afnaflnsfsf] lglDt ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kg]{ s'/f cf}NofPsf] 5. jf:tjd} afnaflnsfsf lglDt cem} w]/} ug'{kg]{ sfd /x]5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ k'gM :d/0f u/fPsf] 5. ;f] ;Dd]ngdf rLgsf k|f= jfª xªljª / ofª;fª sfOn] rLgdf afnb'/frf/df j[l4 ePsf] eGb} clzIff, kl/jf/ lgof]hg k|0ffnL, ljBfno hfg g;Sg] pRr afnb/, ljzfn ;+Vofdf afn dhb'/ ePsf]n] klg afnb"/frf/df sdL cfpg g;s]sf] tYo k|:t't u/]sf lyP. k|fWofks åosf] egfO lyof]– To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu sfg'gx¿ ag]sf 5g\ / ltgsf dfWodåf/f afnaflnsfsf] b'/frf/ /f]syfd;DaGwL lzIff, g}lts lzIff, afn;'wf/ dfkb08, k|zf;lgs / Goflos lgoGq0f, kmf}hbf/L bfloTjsf] pd]/ lgwf{/0fnufotsf sfdx¿ eO/x]sf 5g\.

rLgdf !* jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf JolQmx¿sf] d[To'b08;DaGwL Joj:yf pGd"ng ul/Psf], sf/fuf/df afnaflnsfnfO{ jflnu ck/fwLx¿eGbf leGg} /fVg] ul/Psf], ;jf]{Rr hgcbfntåf/f hf/L ul/Psf sfg'gx¿sf] cfwf/df afnaflnsfx¿;“u Jojxf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] / ;fy;fy} Toxf“ tLg xhf/eGbf a9L afncbfnt /x]sf] tYo xfd|f;fd' 5 / klg Toxf“ ljzfn ;+Vofdf afnaflnsfx¿ dhb'/ 5g\, of}gb"/frf/df 5g\. o;sf] cy{ g]kfn cyf{t\ blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'n'sdf t afnaflnsfsf nflu w]/} ug{ af“sL 5 eGg] b]vfp“5. afn;'wf/ u[x, afnsNof0f ;ldlth:tf s]xL ;sf/fTds kIf xfdLsxf“ klg b]lvG5 t/ tL sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf 5}gg\. sfof{Gjogdf b]vfj6L¿kdf 5 eg] klg Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog gePsf] oyfy{ n'sfP/  n'Sb}g. afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] cWoIf k|To]s lhNnf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L x'g] Joj:yf sfg'gn] u/]sf] 5 t/ sltko l;l8cf] ;fkx¿nfO{ cfkm" cWoIf ePsf] klg hfgsf/L gkfO{ ;?jf ePsf x'G5g\. clg a}7s a:g], sfd ug]{ eGg] s'/f t w]/} k5fl8sf] s'/f x'g] g} eof].

cGt/f{li6o ;Dd]ngdf sf7df8f}+ :s'n ckm nsf lgb]{zs o'j/fh ;+u|f}nfn] hfgsf/L u/fPcg';f/ ;fdflhs / dgf]j}1flgs ¿kdf klg ;+j]bgzLn ePsf] kfO“b}g. lsgls g]kfndf ul7t afn Ohnf;x¿dWo] s]xL lhNnfdf dfq d'l:snn] sfd x'g] u/]sf] 5. %& lhNnfdf cWoog ubf{ @ xhf/ ^ ;o &#  j6f 36gfsf] k|fylds tYof+sn] s] b]vfp“5 eg] s'n d'2fsf] ^% k|ltzt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no @$ k|ltzt lhNnf cbfnt / Ps k|ltzt ljz]if cbfntdf hfg] u/]sf] kfOG5. o;}n] klg s] k'li6 ub{5 eg] ;+j]bgzLntfsf] sdL 5. ;g\ @))! df sf]k]gx]ugdf o:t} ;Dd]ng ePsf] lyof]. To;n] b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg afn Gofosf] If]qdf Gofokflnsf, cleof]hg kIf, cg';Gwfg kIf, sfg'g Joj;foL tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] kxndf s]xL cWoog klg ePsf] 5 t/ tL cg';Gwfgx¿ cyf{t\ cWoogsf lgisif{x¿ sfof{Gjog x'g] jftfj/0f g]kfnsf] xsdf emg\kl5 em\g lau|b} uPsf] 5. Psflt/ ;+3;+:yfx¿n] u/]sf sfdn] 3R3rfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ czflGt, ul/aL / cfly{s ljkGgtfn] ;sf/fTds jftfj/0fnfO{ klg laufb}{ uPsf] 5. x'g t ljleGg ;+:yfx¿af6 ePsf sfdn] 3R3RofO/x]sf] kIf eg] ;sf/fTds g} 5. Tof] klg gx'g] xf] eg] t emg\ 8fdf8f]n x'g] lyof]. ut xKtf sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng klg To;}sf] Pp6f kf6f] xf] eGg'k5{. x'g t tfl~hlgofdf afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf cem kL8fbfoL dx;'; ;Dd]ngsf ;xefuLx¿n] u/] lsgls tfl~hlgofsf k|ltlglw PPg afDa'/fn] tfl~hlgofn] afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw cg'df]bg u/]sf] t/ sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfg'g lgdf{0f gu/]sf], ;/sf/ afnclwsf/ ;+/If0fdf ;+j]bgzLn gePsf], cbfntL k|lqmof / afnaflnsfsf] ;'g'jfO{, ;fho / y'gfdf x'g] Jojxf/ ;Gtf]ifk|b gePsf] h:tf sdLsdhf]/L cf}+NofPsf]af6 k|:6 x'G5 Toxf“ klg ug{ w]/} af“sL 5. olt;Dd ls tfl~hlgofdf ;/sf/L clwsf/Ln] afn Gofosf nflu ckgfpg'kg]{ sfo{ljlwsf] plrt kfngf gu/]sf], afnaflnsfnfO{ jo:s ck/fwL;“u sf/fuf/df / cbfntdf Jojxf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] tyf afn cbfnt / afn y'g'jf 3/x¿sf] vf“rf] k"/f ePsf] 5}g.

;fy} afnaflnsfnfO{ ;se/ sf/fuf/df n}hfg] l:yltaf6} /f]lsg'k5{ lsgls afnaflnsfx¿ Ps k6s sf/fuf/ uO;s]kl5 ;'lw|P/ kmls{g] ;Defjgf cToGt sd x'G5. ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo afnsf]if -o'lg;]km_ sf cfof]hgf clws[t l/sf8f]{ d's'08fsf] cg'ejdf afnaflnsfnfO{ sf/fuf/;Dd k'Ug} glbg], Gofo k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5. ;a} aRrfx¿ sfg'g;“usf] åGådf cfpg ;S5g\, t;y{ To:tf] cj:yfnfO{ s;/L Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]tkm{ ;f]Rg'k5{. o; lglDt ;d:ofnfO{ afn Gofosf] cjwf/0ffaf6 x]l/g'k5{. afn Gofosf nflu cf}krfl/s Gofo k|0ffnLdf hf]8 lbOPdf afnaflnsfx¿ jf:tjd} ;'wfl/G5g\. o'lg;]kmsf of]hgf clws[t d's'08fsf cg';f/ cf}krfl/s kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlweGbf cnUu} k|lqmofåf/f sfg'g;“usf] åGådf cfPsf afnaflnsfnfO{ Jojxf/ ug'{ g} cgf}krfl/s afn Gofo k|0ffnL xf]. afn b'/frf/ / k'gM kLl8t x'gaf6 afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]ufpg cgf}krfl/s Gofo k|0ffnLnfO{ ;dfhn] :jLsf/ ug]{ u/L nfu" ug'{kg]{ x'G5. afn ck/fwL;“u Jojxf/ ubf{ k|x/L clws[t, ;/sf/L jlsn / GofofwLz;d]tn] cgf}krfl/s Gofo k|0ffnL cjnDag ul/Pdf k|x/LnfO{ ck/fw cg';Gwfg ug{ ;lhnf] / l56f]–5l/tf] x'g], cbfntdf d'2fsf] ef/ sd x'g], a'jfcfdf cf?gf afnaRrfk|lt ;r]t /xg] / kLl8tnfO{ klg ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5. of] k|0ffnL Tolta]nf dfq ;kmn x'G5 hlta]nf aRrfn] uNtL u/]af6 k5'tfp“5. afnaflnsfsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngx¿ cfkm}+df ;sf/fTds s'/f xf]. To;df klg g]kfndf cfof]hgf x'g' t yk pknlAws} s'/f xf]. To:tf ;Dd]ng sd;]sd g]kfnd} x'“bf g]kfndf afnaflnsf;DaGwL lg/Gt/¿kdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xefuL agfpg'k5{. Tof] cj;/ oxf“sf ;+:yfx¿n] u'dfpg' x'“b}g / u'dfpg glbg' klg cfof]hs ;+:yfsf] bfloTj xf].

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s'/f ubf{ afnaflnsfx¿ a“w'jf dhb'/b]lv 3/]n' afn>lds, afnel/of, a]rlavgsf] lzsf/, vft] afnaflnsf cflbaf6 kLl8t 5g\. afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ el/ofsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ lgw{g u|fdL0f kl/jf/x¿sf nflu k':tf}+b]lv g} k/Dk/fut hLljsf]kfh{gsf] /0fgLlt /xLcfPsf] 5. cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] afn>d pGd"ngsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sfo{qmdn] b]zsf pa8vfa8 sRrL af6fx¿df j:t' tyf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿sf] 9'jfgLsf nflu sl/a $@ xhf/ afnaflnsfnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] tyf ljleGg zx/ahf/ s]Gb| tyf a; la;f}gLx¿df tLg xhf/ gf} ;o afnaflnsfn] ;fdfgx¿ cf];f/k;f/ ul//x]sf] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5. x'g t g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] gfafnsx¿nfO{ @% lsnf]u|fdeGbf a9L ef/L af]sfpg k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 t/ of] k|ltaGwnfO{ a]jf:tf g} ul/Psf] 5. o:tf tYox¿ cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngx¿df 5nkmnsf ljifo ag]sf 5g\. To;}n] klg g]kfnsf] OHht, k|lti7f / ljsf;sf nflu klg ePsf sfg'gx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf nfu" ug]{ / cfjZos sfg'gx¿ lgdf{0f ub}{ Jofjxfl/s agfp“b} hfg'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ ;Da4 lgsfon] ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ x'G5.

lj8Dajgfs} s'/f xf] clxn] klg k|To]s jif{ !* jif{d'lgsf !@ xhf/ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ an k|of]u u/]/, hf]/h'n'd u/]/ jf em'SofP/ pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/, 3/ tyf sfo{ynf]af6 cnu kfl/G5 / pgLx¿nfO{ yfx} glbO{ zx/L If]q tyf ;Ldfkf/ ef/tLo If]qdf nluG5. Toxf“ pgLx¿nfO{ hah{:tL sfddf nufOG5 nfUg klg afWo kfl/G5. of}ghGo Joj;fodf. oL s'/fx¿ utxKtf sf7df8f}+df ePsf] ;Dd]ngdf p7]sf lyP. lgZro g} oL sxfnL nfUbf tYox¿nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ 7f]; kxn cfjZos 5 eGg] lgisif{ lgsflnG5 t/ Jojxf/df eO;s]sf] 5}g.

afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg / of}gbf;tfsf] ;Gbe{df pNn]v ug'{kbf{ sxfnL nfUbf] g} l:ylt 5. x/]s lbg pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf o'jtL / dlxnfx¿ kl/lrt af6f] eP/ blIf0f Pl;ofleq / cGo 7fp“df k7fOG5g\. h;df b'O{j6f af6f] g]kfnaf6 ef/t / a+unfb]zaf6 kfls:tfg eP/ a;]{lg ( xhf/ a]lrG5g\ eGg] tYo PDg]:6L OG6/g]zgnsf] s]xL jif{cufl8sf] l/kf]6{df ;dfj]z 5. Tof] tYof+sdf clxn] klg sdL cfPsf] 5}g a? a9]s} 5 eGg] bfaL ;Da4 lj1x¿sf] 5. ;+ul7t ;d"xx¿n] aRrfx¿ vf; u/L gfafnsnfO{ ckx/0f u5{g\ / j]Zofj[lQ, 3/]n' gf]s/, af“wf dhb'/ jf ljjfx ug{ a]Rg] u5{g\. t:s/x¿n] lk5l8Psf / tNnf] hfltsf o'jtLx¿nfO{ sfddf nufOlbg] jf ul/a kl/jf/sf cfjZostf k'/f ul/lbg] axfgfdf pgLx¿af6 cfly{s nfe lnO/x]sf 5g\.

kLl8tx¿nfO{ efUg jf cf?gf kl/jf/sxf“ k'Ug c;Dej agfOPsf] x'G5. km]a|'c/L !((& df dlxnflj?4 /fHoaf6 x'g] pNn+3g / a]rlavg;DaGwL /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ cfof]hs ljz]if k|ltj]bsn] cf?gf] l/kf]6{ a'emfpg] qmddf a+unfb]zaf6 kfls:tfgdf a]lrPsL o'jtLsf af/]df eg]sL lyOg\– ;Ldf clwsf/Lx¿n] /fd|f s]6Lx¿ 5fg]/ Tolt~h]n of}g b'/frf/ u5{g\ ha;Dd csf]{ ;d"x cfOk'Ub}g. To;kl5 csf]{ ;d"x 5fl8G5. ;]K6]Da/ !((& df # b]lv !) jif{ pd]/sf !^ hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ ef/t x'“b} ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\; n}hfg] qmddf pgLx¿;“u j}wflgs sfuhft gePsf sf/0f ljb]z;DaGwL P]g nufP/ lu/?tf/ ul/Psf] lyof]. o:tf 36gf clxn] klg bf]xf]l/g] u/]sf 5g\. ut jif{ g]kfnsf] hgsk'/af6 afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ kmsfO{–km'nfO{ / ckx/0f;d]t u/]/ ef/t k7fpg nfluPsf] a]nf lu/?tf/ ul/Psf] lyof]. n'lsl5kL aflx/ k7fpg], laqmL ug]{, >dzf]if0f, of}gzf]if0f ug]{ qmd hf/L g} 5. o;sf] /f]syfdsf] nflu ;+3;+:yf sfo{/t 5g\ ,;/sf/ klg ;lqmo 5 eG5 t/ sfg'g gLltx¿ lkmtnf ePsf sf/0f w]/} 36gf k|x/Lsf] gh/d} cfOk'Ub}g eg] cfPsf klg ;fdfGo¿kdf ldnfOG5, bf]ifLnfO{ s8f b08 lbg] ul/Psf] 5}g.