cf]nlDkssf /f]rs Oltxf;

g]kfnsf] cf}krfl/s ;xeflutf

k|frLg cf]nlDks wgLx¿sf] v]n lyof] .

cf]nlDksdf o'gfgsf dfG5]n] dfq efu lng kfpy] .

dlxnfx¿nfO{ cf]nlDksdf efu lng dgfxL lyof] .

/f]dgx¿n] cf]nlDksdf k|ltj+w nufP .

klxnf] cfw'lgs cf]nlDksdf hDdf !# b]z dfq ;fd]n lyP .

l;8\gL cf]nlDks tYofª\sdf

@)) /fi6«n] efu lng]÷v]n – @*

!) xhf/eGbf a9L v]nf8L ;xefuL .

ljZjel/ # ca{ %) s/f]8n] 6LeLdf cf]nlDks x]g]{ .

!& xhf/ kqsf/, &)) l6eL Sofd/f

vr{ M @ ca{ %) s/f]8 8n/

(^ nfv l6s6÷:jod\;]js M $) xhf/÷v]n x'g] lbg !& .

cf]nlDks v]n z'¿b]lv cfh;Dd ;do :yfg b]z

;g\ !*(^ Py]G; u|L;
!()) k]l/; k|mfG;
!()$ ;]+6 n'O; cd]l/sf
!()^ Py]G; u|L;
!()* n08g O+uNof08
!(!@ :6sxf]d l:j8]g
!(@) PG6k{ a]lNhod
!(@$ k]l/; k|mfG;
!(@* cfd:6/8d xNof08
!(#@ n; PGhN; cd]l/sf
!(#^ aln{g hd{gL
!($* n08g OËNof08
!(%@ x]lnl;GsL lkmgNof08
!(%^ d]njf]g{ c:6«]lnof
!(^) /f]d O6fnL
!(^$ 6f]lsof] hfkfg
!(^* d]lS;sf]l;6L d]lS;sf]
!(&@ Do'lgv k= hd{gL
!(&^ dlG6«on Sofgf8f
!(*) d:sf] ;f]leot ;+3
!(*$ n; PGhN; cd]l/sf
!(** ;f]n blIf0f sf]l/of
!((@ afl;{nf]gf :k]g
!((^ P6nfG6f cd]l/sf
@))) l;8\gL c:6«]lnof
!(!^ sf] v]nnfO{ cfO;L;Ln] dfGotf lbPg .
!($) / !($$ sf] cf]nlDks bf];|f] ljZjo'4n] ubf{ x'g;s]g .
!(*) sf] df:sf] cf]nlDks ^@ /fi6«n] alxisf/ u/] .
!(*$ sf] cf]nlDks ;f]leot ;+3 kIfn] alxisf/ u¥of] .

cfw'lgs cf]nlDkssf] !)$ jif{sf] Oltxf;df @& cf}+ cf]nlDks ci6«]lnofsf] l;8\gL zx/df -;]K6]Da/ !% b]lv cS6'j/;Dd_ x'Fb}5 h;sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ tof/L z'¿ e};s]sf] 5 . cfh cf]nlDks v]n cfof]hgf hlt k|lti7fsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . s'g} a]nf of] l:ylt lyPg .

cf]nlDkssf] pTklQ

cfw'lgs cf]nlDks ;g\ !*(^ df u|L;sf] Py]G;af6 z'¿ ePsf] xf] . u|L; k|frLg cf]nlDkssf] pb\ud:yn xf] . nueu #))) jif{ k"j{ u|L;sf] klZrdL zx/ cf]nlDkof dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s s]Gb| lyof] . O{;fk"j{ &&^ cyf{t\ @&&^ jif{k"j{ o;} zx/df k|yd k6s cf]nlDks v]nsf] z'¿jft ePsf] lyof] . cf]nlDkof pT;j, /fli6«o efjgf tyf v]ns'bsf] s]Gb| lyof] . o'gfgLx¿sf nflu of] kljq:yn lyof] / k|To]s rf/jif{df ;aeGbf k|l;4 / rlr{t k|ltof]lutf ToxfF cfof]hgf x'GYof] h'g …lho;Ú sf] ;Ddfgdf cfof]hgf ul/GYof] . cf]nlDk lho;sf] eJo dlGb/ ag]sf]n] o; 7fpFsf] gfd cf]nlDkof /xg uPsf] lyof] . dlGb/df dxfg\ o'gfgL d"lt{sf/ lkml8o;åf/f lgld{t lho;sf] Pp6f ljzfn d"lt{ lyof] . o; dlb/sf] jl/kl/ b]jL, b]ptf, jL/ k'¿if cflbsf xhf/f}+ d"lt{ lyP . of] ljz]if v]n k|To]s rf/ jif{df x'g] k/Dk/f Toltv]/af6} rn]sf] xf] . cf]nlDks ljh]tfnfO{ lbOg] k'/:sf/ lho;sf] d's'6;/x lyof] . yfxf eP cg';f/ k|yd cf]nlDks v]n ljh]tf …sf]/f]ljo;Ú lyP . pgL @)) uh bf}8sf ljh]tf lyP . k|frLg cf]nlDksdf 3f]8f bf}8, /y bf}8, s':tL h:tf v]n klg v]lnGYof] . cf]nlDksdf ;DkGg JolQm g} efulng kfpFYof] . dlxnfnfO{ cf]nlDks v]n dgfxL lyof] . Tolta]nf o'gfgL gful/sx¿ dfq v]ndf efu lng kfpFy] . k|frLg cf]nlDks nueu Ps xhf/ jif{;Dd hf/L /Xof] . t/ /f]dg sfndf o;df dxTj 36\b} uof] . /f]dg ;d|f6 lyof]8f]l;o;n] ;g\ #($ df cf]nlDks v]ns'bdfly k|ltjGw nufP .

t/ k|m]~r lzIffzf:qL lko/] 8] s'j/l6gn] cf]nlDks v]n k'gM k|f/De ug{ k|of;df nfu] . ;g\ !*&% df hd{g k'/ftTjj]Qfx¿sf] Ps cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] k|frLg cf]nlDkssf] cjz]if km]nf kf/] . s'j/l6gsf] nflu cfw'lgs cf]nlDks cfof]hg ug{ of] 7"nf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t aGof] . pgsf] k|of; cGttM ^ clk|n !*(^ df ;kmn eof] . o;} lbgb]lv cfw'lgs cf]nlDks z'¿ eof] . o;df !# b]zsf v]nf8Lx¿ ;fd]n lyP . zLtsfnLg cf]nlDks !(@$ b]lv z'¿ ePsf] xf] . cfw'lgs cf]nlDkssf] k|]/s tTj ljZj zflGt, eft[Tj / d}qL efjsf] ljsf; xf] . ;'vb s'/f s] 5 eg] ;g\ @))$ sf] cf]nlDks cf]nlDkssf] d"n ynf] Py]G;df kmsFb} 5 .

cf]nlDksdf g]kfn

g]kfnn] cf]nlDks v]ndf ;g\ !(^$ af6 efu lng z'¿ u/]sf] xf] . 6f]lsof] cf]nlDksdf s'n ^ hgf g]kfnL v]nf8L ;xefuL ePsf lyP . Pyn]l6S;df b'O{hgf / alS;ªdf rf/ hgfn] efu lnPsf lyP . x'gt o; cl3 !(^) sf] /f]d cf]nlDksdf g]kfnn] ko{j]Ifssf]¿kdf efu lnPsf] lyof] h;sf] k|ltlglwTj s[i0faxfb'/ adf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

!(^$ sf] 6f]lsof] cf]nlDksdf Dof/fyg wfjssf¿kdf e"k]Gb|axfb'/ s]=;L= / u+ufaxfb'/ yfkfn] efu lnPsf lyP . g]kfnL v]nf8L e"k]Gb| s]=;L=ef/tsf k|Voft v]nf8L ldNvf l;+xsf ;dsfnLg lyP . pgsf] k|bz{g /fd|f] lyof] . t/ vfnL v'§f bf}8]sf x'gfn] kl5 pgsf] r'gf}tL l6Sg ;s]g . alS;ªdf -xªsªsf_ lj|l6z nfx'/]x¿ gfd l;+x yfkf, cf]dk|;fb k'g, /fdk|;fb u'¿ª / eLdaxfb'/ yfkfn] efu lnPsf lyP .

;g\ !(^* df d]lS;sf] l;6Ldf ePsf] cf]nlDksdf g]kfnn] efu lnPg !(&@ df Do'lgv
-hd{gL_ df ePsf] cf]nlDksdf g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 hLtaxfb'/ s]=;L= / eQmaxfb'/ ;fksf]6fn] Dof/fygdf efu lnPsf lyP . oL b'a} vf;u/L hLtaxfb'/n] @ dlxgf cufl8 tof/L k|lzIf0fdf ToxfF lgs} /fd|f] k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . t/ cf]nlDksdf bf}8\bf pgsf] df+;k]zL hfd eO{ pgn] lgwf{l/t b"/L k"/f ug{ ;s]gg\ . eQmaxfb'/ ;fksf]6f %) cf}+ :yfgdf /x] .

!(&^ sf] dflG6«on -Sofgf8f_ cf]nlDksdf Psdfq g]kfnL v]nf8Lsf]¿kdf Dof/fygdf a}s'G7 dfgGw/n] efu lnP . @ 306f #) ldg]6df bf}8 k"/f u/]/ pgL %) cf}+ :yfgdf /x] .

;g\ !(*) sf] df:sf] cf]nlDks cd]l/sf v]dfåf/f jlx:sf/sf] rfkdf k¥of] . Ps dlxgf k"j{b]lv vfg, a:g …k|mLÚ kfOPsfn] Pyn]l6S;, alS;ª / ef/Qf]ngdf !# hgf g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] efu lnP . Pyn]l6S;df a}s'07 dfgGw/, g/axfb'/ bfxfn, nId0f a:g]t, /3'/fh jGt, d's'Gbxl/ >]i7n] efu lnP . alS;ªdf pd]z df:s], /lj/fh yfkf, lji0f' dfnfsf/, k'is/ Wjh zfxL, g/]Gb| k"dfn] efu lnPsf lyP . ef/Qf]ngdf czf]ss'df/ sfsL{ / /fh]Gb| k|wfg ;xefuL lyP . lji0f' dfnfsf/ …6fOD; ckm Ol08ofÚ sf Ps ;dfrf/sf sf/0f 7"nf] rrf{df cfP .

a}s'07n] @ 306f @# ldg]6df bf}8 k"/f u/L #^ cf}+ :yfg k|fKt u/] .

!(*$ sf] n; PGhn; cf]nlDks ;f]leot v]dfsf hjfkmL sf]kefhgdf k¥of] . g]kfnn] !! v]nf8L k7fof] . Pyn]l6S;df a}s'07 dfgGw/, cld/L ofbj, ch'{g k+l8t, hf]wL u'¿ª k'ik/fh cf]emf lyP . alS;ªdf pd]z df:s], bnaxfb'/ /fgfdu/, k|jL0f t'nfw/ / dfgaxfb'/ >]i7 -uP klg v]n]gg\_ ;xefuL lyP ef/Qf]ngdf ;'/]Gb| xdfn / hubLz k|wfgn] efu lnP . a}s'07n] -@=@!_ sf] k|bz{g ;aeGbf /fd|f] oxL /Xof] . t/ pgL ## cf}+ :yfgdf /x] .

!(** sf] ;f]n cf]nlDksdf clxn];Dd g]kfnsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] 6f]nL ;dfj]z /x]sf] lyof] . o;df g]kfnn] Pyn]l6S;, alS;ª, h'8f], z'l6ª, ef/Qf]ng / t]Sjf08f]df efu lnof] . Pyn]l6S;df a}s'07 dfgGw/, s[i0faxfb'/ a:g]t, l6sf jf]u6L, 8Da/ bg'jf/, /fhs'df/L kf08], d]g'sf /fjt / xl/ /f]sfofn] efu lnP . alS;ªdf bnaxfb'/ /fgfdu/, emk6l;+x e'h]n, /fdaxfb'/ lu/L, 8Da/bt e§ / lji0f'axfb'/ l;+xn] efu lnP . h'8f]df u+ufaxfb'/ 8+uf]n / Clif/fh k|wfgn] efu lnP eg] z'l6ªdf kfj{tL yfkf / ef/Qf]ngdf e/t ;fjbn] efu lnP . t]SjfGbf]sf] k|bz{g v]ndf ljwfg nfdfn] OËNof08 / klZrd hd{gLsf v]nf8LnfO{ k/flht u/L sfF:o kbs lht] .

;g\ !((@ df :k]gsf] jfl;{nf]gfdf ePsf] @% cf}+ cf]nlDksdf Pyn]l6S;, z'l6ª / t]SjfG8f] k|bz{g v]ndf % g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] efu lnP . xl/ /f]sfof Dof/fygdf ;xefuL eP eg] z'l6ªdf clgtf >]i7n] efu lnOg . t]SjfGbf]df gf/fo0f u'¿ª, k|ldnf yfkf / ;Ltf /fO{n] efu lnP . kbsdf xft nfu] z"Go ePklg ;Ltf /fO{sf] ue{wf/0f k|s/0f eg] rlr{t /Xof] . ;Ltfn] :k]g k'u]/ klg k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng kfOgg\ .

!((^ df P6nfG6f cf]nlDksdf kf}8L, ef/Qf]ng / Pyn]l6S;df g]kfnn] efu lnof] . kf}8Ldf lg:df u'¿ª, ef/Qf]ngdf ;'gLn/fh hf]zL / Pyn]l6S;df 6Lsf jf]u6L ;xefuL /x] .

o; k6s g]kfnn] kf}8L, z'l6ª / Pyn]l6S;df efu ln++b}5 . z'l6ªdf eujtL s]=;L=, kf}8Ldf ¿gf k|wfg / lrqaxfb'/ u'¿ª b'j} %) ld6/ lk|m:6fondf tyf Pyn]l6S;df 1fgaxfb'/ af]x/f -%))) ld6/_ tyf b]jLdfof kg]¿ -!)) ld6/df_ efu lng] ePsf 5g\ .

hxfF;Dd ;kmntfsf] s'/f 5, g]kfnn] ;xeflutfsf nflu dfq efu lnO/x]sf] 5 . clxn];Dd g]kfnn] s'g} Oe]G6df s'g} kbs lhTg;s]sf] 5}g / o;k6s klg lhTg] ;Defjgf klg 5}g . 1fgaxfb'/ af]x/fn] eg] cf]nlDks %))) ld6/ bf}8df cfˆgf k"j{jtL g]kfnL d's'Gbxl/ >]i7 / !)))) ld= df efu lnP eg] g/axfb'/;Ddsf] /]s8{ tf]8\g ;S5g\ . ¿gf / lrqaxfb'/n] kl5Nnf] /]s8{ /fd|f] kfg]{ ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . t/ d"ntM g]kfnsf] cf]nlDksdf ;xeflutf cf}krfl/s cyjf >+[ufl/s xf] . xf], kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] cf]nlDks k'Ug] /x/, hf]8tf]8afx]s s'g} rf;f] jf pknlAw d"ns j'Fbf s]xL 5}g . To;}n] cGt/f{li6«o cf]nlDks sldl6n] ltg]{ /sdafx]s cf]nlDks ;xeflutfsf nflu g]kfnn] kbflwsf/Lsf e|d0fsf nflu ljb]zL /sd ltg'{x'Gg .

cf]nlDkssf] lj;{g} g;lsg] 36gf

pd]z df:s] alS;ªdf

g]kfnnfO{ klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o kbs lbnfpg] v]nf8L x'g'x'G5 . bnaxfb'/ /fgfdu/sf ;dsfnLg xfn g]kfn cf]nlDks sldltsf ;b:o df:s]n] alS;ª g} TofUg] lgZro ug{ePsf] lyof] . Tof] / To;a]nfsf] ax'rlr{t …d'Tg] k|s/0fÚ dfly k|:t't 5, dgf]/d cK;/fsf kf7ssf nflu k|yd k6s k|:t't pxfFsf] /f]rs ;+:d/0f

cd]l/sfn] d:sf] cf]nlDks alx:sf/ u/]sf] x'gfn] xfdLn] !(*) sf] Tof] cf]nlDksdf ;xhtfk"j{s k|j]z kfPsf lyof}+ . xfd|f] pd]/ a9L lyPg, ev{/ alS;ª v]Ng yfn]sf lyof}+ . 7"nf] …6«]lgªÚ, 7"nf] cg'ej lyPg . d, g/]Gb| k'df, /lj/fh yfkf -xfn P;P;kL_, k'is/Wjh zfxL / lji0f' dfnfsf/ d:sf] cf]nlDkssf] nflu -alS;ªtkm{_ 5flgPsf lyof}+ . Tof] eGbf cufl8 !(&( df d:sf]sf] lk|–cf]nlDks lyof] . cg'ejsf] gfddf dfq ToxL k"FhL t/ Tof] 36gf ;DemFbf cem cfª lhl/Ë x'G5 . xfd|f] Dofg]h/ / k|lzIfs lyPg . To;df d:sf]df a; 5'6\of] . s] ug]{, efiffsf] klg ;d:of, a; k5fl8 b'ub}{ uPF . :ofF / ˆofF ˆofF ub}{ ToxfF k'luof] . pgLx¿n] ;f]w], ltd|f] Dofg]h/ sxfF 5 < d}n] 5}g eg] pgLx¿n] Dofg]h/ 5}g egL …cfp6Ú egL lgsfnL lbP . d t ¿g nfu]+ . Tof] 36gf x]l//x]sf] Pp6f hfkfgLnfO{ dfof nfUof] p;n], gcflQ, lrGtf gu/ d ldnfpF5' egL sfuhdf ;xL ul/lbof] . d}n] clg a}s'07 dfgGw/ / ch'{g kl08tnfO{ k|lzIfs agfP/ NofPF . a'6 lyPg, ;xL k|lzIfs lyPgg\ t/ a8f] d'lZsnn] kfPsf] df}sf 5f]8\g] s'/f lyPg . v]n]+, km]l/ d]/f] 6Ssf k¥of] d+uf]lnofsf Pl;ofnL RoflDkog;Fu . cf/P;;L ePF . clg d]/f] cg'xf/ o:tf] eof] ls P]gfdf cfˆg} cg'xf/ glrlgg] . To;kl5 d}n] alS;ª gv]Ng] lg0f{o u/], 6]lg; v]Ng h'Qf–;'Qf ;a} lsg]+ . z/b zfxn] yfxf kfP/ ;Demfpg' eof], ltdL /fd|f] v]nf8L, alS;ª g} v]Ng' k5{ . kl5 d kms]{+, /fd|} eof] .

of] t d]/f] syf eof] t/ !(*) sf] d:sf] cf]nlDks v]Ng hfFbf d e|dsf] lzsf/ ePF . xfd|f] l6ddf lji0f' dfnfsf/ eGg] v]nf8L lyof] . Tof] clxn] d]/f] /fd|f] ldq 5 . t/ p;n] ubf{ dg} jbgfd ePF . vf;df p;sf] klg bf]if lyP . d}n] klxn] g} eg] xfdL cg'ejxLg lyof], ev{/ ev{/ alS;ª v]Ng z'¿ g} u/]sf lyof}+ . lji0f' dfnfsf/sf] jf:tjdf lhp klg /fd|f] lyof], d]xgtL, …l/rÚ -kxF'r_ klg a9L ePsf] . cg'ejsf] sdL t 5Fb} lyof] To;df k|lzIfs -nId0f zdz]/ yfkf_ n] emg xfd|f k|ltåGbLsf af/]df h;/L xfdLnfO{ eGg'eof] To;n] ubf{ xfdL af3sf] d'vdf hfg nfu]sf] l:yltdf eof}+ . lji0f'sf] d'sfljnf pQ/ sf]l/ofnL d'Ss]afh;Fu lyof] . xf};nfsf] cefjdf p lgZro g} eoeLt lyof] . k;Lgf klg cfO/x]sf] lyof} . p;n] cfqmd0f ug'{ jf cfqmd0fsf] hjfkm lbg' stf xf] stf, l/Ëdf d'v 5f]kL /fVof] . /]k|mLn] r]tfjgL lbof] . o;}aLr sf]l/ofnL d'Ss]jfhn] lji0f'dfly …ck/s6Ú k|xf/ u¥of] . To;n] p;sf] xftsf] df;' g} lgsfNof], 8/n] emg p;n] d'v 5f]kL /fVof] . To;df oxfF lgs} xNnL vNnL dlRrof], l/Ëdf d'Tof] eg]/ . p 8/fPsf] rflx+ kSs} lyof] . dnfO{ cfh s] nfU5 eg] u'¿n] klg pm klg dfG5], ltdL klg dfG5], ltd|} ;/x, ltd|} ;d"xdf cflb eg]/ k|f]T;flxt u/]sf] ePsf] l:ylt cs}{ x'GYof] . kl5 dfnfsf/ nfhn] hfkfg nfUof] . oxfF p;sf] d'v} b]vfpg gx'g] eof] . t/ hfkfgdf p;n] /fd|f] u¥of] . ToxfF k|f]km]zgn alS;ªdf nfUof] . p;sf] …kf]lhzgÚ klg /fd|f] 5, ;Dejt cf7f}+ . k};f klg k|z:t sdfof], oxfF kmfOe :6f/ xf]6n vf]Ng] s'/f ul//x]sf] ;'G5' . k|f]T;fxg kfP g/fd|f] elgg] dflg; /fd|f] x'Fbf] /x]5 .

t/ dfnfsf/sf] syfdf d klg ufFl:;g k'u]5' . g]kfndf 7"nf] xNnf eof] . xfdL kms]{kl5 h'Qfsf] dfnf nufpg] xNnf rNof] . d]/f] 6f]n l5d]sdf t d}n] d't]sf] eGg] xNnf rn]5 . afnfO{ Psbd} lrGtf eof], s;}n] pxfFnfO{ eGof] Sof/ . t/ pxfFn] eGg' eP5, pd]zn] o:tf] slxNo} ub}{g . t/ xNnf t lkmlh;s]sf] /x]5, Tolta]nf x]Nd]6 nufpg] rng lyPg aS;/x¿ x]Nd]6 nufP/ lg:sGy] . xfdLdf qf;sf] efjgf lyof] . dt Go'/f]8df lx8\g} gx'g] jftfj/0f lyof] . ub}{ gu/]sf] ck/fw, oBlk d nufot ;a} g]kfnL d'Ss]jfh ToxfF k/flht ePsf lyof}+ . t/ oxfF dfnfsf/sf] ;§f d]/} gfd pQm k|s/0fdf rlr{t ePsf] /x]5 . oxfF;Dd ls kl5
-alS;ª ;+3sf] cWoIf x'Fbf ;d]t_ e]6\g hfFbf u0f]zdfg Ho"n] s;};Fu sfg]v'zL ug'{eP5, ;fof ‘rf] kmfd ls 5'’ cyf{t\ ¿;df d'Tg] oxL xf] ls <

jf:tjdf of] xNnf ef/tLo kqsf/x¿n] rnfPsf /x]5g\ . 6fOD; ckm Ol08ofsf Ps kqsf/n] Pp6f c¿ v]ndf g]kfnL v]nf8Lsf] s'/fnfO{ a9fO{ r9fO{ u/L n]v]kl5 g]kfndf xNnf ePsf] xf] . xfd|f] k|bz{g g/fd|f] eof], xfdLn] klg dx;'; u¥of}+ . cfnf sfFrf / l;sf¿ ePsf]n] klg c¿n] xfF:g kfP . !(*$ df l:ylt To:tf] /x]g . q

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