ænf]safhfdf PdP u/]sf] hgzlQm cfjZos 5Æ

–;'lj zfx

/fhwfgLsf] ksgfhf]n -sfnwf/f_ l:yt Ps 3/df &$ jifL{o Ps hgf j[4 a:5g\ . y}nLsf] d'hfh:tf] rfpl/Psf] ufnf / ;]tfDo km'n]sf] af]s] bfx|Ln] pgsf] j[4fcj:yfnfO{ k|i6} emNsfpF5 . pgsf] tg cjZo g} a"9f] xf] t/ dgrflx+ tGg]/L g} 5 . pgsf] tGg]/L dg nf]s;+uLt / nf]s;+:s[ltl;t ;w}+el/ aonL v]Ng ?rfpF5 .

tGg]/L dg lnP/ nf]s;+uLt / nf]s;+:s[ltsf] ;fwgfdf cfhko{Gt h'l6/x]sf tL j[4 x'g\ ;'/]Gb|ljqmd zfx cyf{t\ ;'lj zfx .

lj=;+= !(*% ;fndf wflbª lhNnfsf] hu/Hofd?ª -Aof/yf]s_ df klxnf]kN6 cfFvf vf]n]sf zfxn] cfd g]kfnLn] h:tf] Ps;/f] /fd|f] n'uf / Ps 5fs dL7f] vfg] nfn;fdf afNosfn latfpg' k/]g . pgL vfgbfgL kl/jf/df hGd]sf JolQm x'g\ . t/ pgL ;'vef]ult/ nfu]gg\, nf]s;+uLtsf] ;fwgfdf h'6] .

pgsf afa' rGb|ljqmd zfx /f0ffsfnLg a8fxflsd lyP . pgsf afa' lj=;+= !((# lt/ uf]/vfsf] a8fxflsd ag]/ hfFbf pgL *–( jif{sf] r'na'n] l76f lyP . pgL cfk\mgf] afa'sf] kl5 nfu]/ uf]/vf uP . uf]/vfdf /xÒbf a:bf pgnfO{ u08sL c~rnsf] nf]s;+uLt / ;+:s[ltn] df]xgL nufpg yfNof] .

;'lj zfxn] uf]/vfdf a;]/ nf]suLt / nf]s ;+:s[ltsf ;du| cGt/s'Gt/x?nfO{ glhsaf6 ;'Id cjnf]sg ug{] cj;/ kfP . pgn] uf]/vfdf :yfgLo:t/df k|rlnt s[i0frl/q, 3fF6' -;tL 3fF6'_ afx|df;] 3fF6'_, r'8\sf cflb x]g{] df}sf kfP .

Tolt dfq xf]Og, pgn] uf]/vfsf] l5d]sL lhNnf ndh'ªdf clt g} k|rlnt æ7f8f] efsfÆ uLtdf tTsfnLg ;dosf k|l;4 nf]sufos b]paxfb'/ b'/f / pgsf bf}+t/Lx? sk{'6f/df 5d5d gfr]sf] klg b]v] .

To; e]usf] /f}:ofOnf] hLjgz}nLn] c+uLsf/ u/]sf log} nf]s;f+:s[lts ultljlwx?n] pgsf] afn dl:tisdf nf]s;+:s[ltsf cld6 5fk kf¥of] . o;kl5 pgsf unfaf6  cgfof;} nf]suLt u'~hg yfNof] . pgsf cf}+nfx? dfbndf ;Nanfpg yfn] . clg hfgL ghfgL sDd/ dsf{pg yfn] .

o:t}df !) jif{sf] pd]/b]lv df?gL ag]/ gfRg yfn] ;'lj zfx . ;dosf] k|jfx;Fu} pgn] dfbn] / k';{'ª\u]sf] e"ldsf klg lgjf{x u/] . @)!) ;fndf t u'?afp ag]/ pgn] gfr grfpg yfn] .

pgL @)!! ;fndf g]kfnsf] kN6gdf hflu/] eP . kN6gdf etL{ ePkl5 klg pgnfO{ nf]suLt / nf]s;+:s[ltsf] wª\wªLn] 5f]8]g . To;}n] pgn] kN6gsf] gfrufgdf ;xefuL x'g] / ljleGg ;}lgs u0fx?df g[To k|lzIf0fdf cfkm"nfO{ ;dlk{t u/] .

zfxL g]kfnL ;}lgs sfo{qmdÆ gfdaf6 /]l8of] g]kfnaf6 k|;f/0f x'Òb} cfPsf] ;}lgs;DaGwL sfo{qmd @)!! ;fnlt/ ækmf}hL k|f]u|fdÆ gfdaf6 lrlgGYof] . To; ;dodf pgL pQm sfo{qmddf klg cfa4 lyP .

;f]/7L, s[i0frl/q, VofnL, ‰ofp/]h:tf u08sL c~rnsf] cf;kf;df k|rlnt nf]sg[Tox?nfO{ /fli6Ço:t/df lrgfpg] sfddf ;'lj zfxn] v]n]sf] e"ldsf k|z+;gLo /x]sf] 5 .

zfxn] @)@^ ;fnb]lv @)#$ ;fn;Dd g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg / /fli6Ço gfr3/sf snfsf/x?nfO{ log} nf]sg[Tox? l;sfP . ;f]xL cjlwdf pgn] k§sGof SofDk;sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ klg nf]sg[Tox? l;sfP . clxn] klg oL ;+:yfx?df uP/ ;do ;dodf nf]sg[Tox? l;sfpg] u5{g\ .

cfkm"nfO{ nf]s ;+uLt / nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] ;fwgfdf tNnLg /fVg ?rfpg] zfx /fhwfgLdf x'g] nf]s;+:s[lt;DaGwL uf]i7L÷;Dd]ngx?df b]lvg] u5{g\ . ToxfF af]Ng] df}sf kfPdf nf]s;+uLt / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf nflu hf]8bf/ cfjfh p7fpF5g\ .

jt{dfg ;dodf g]kfnL nf]s;+uLt / nf]sg[Todf b]vf k/]sf ljs[ltx?k|lt pgL Hofb} lrlGtt b]lvG5g\ . nf]snonfO{ cgfjZos?kdf tf]8df]8 ug{], nf]sg[TonfO{ ljs[t?kdf k|:t't ug{], nf]suLtdf cgfjZos / c;fGble{s w'gx? ld;fpg], cZnLn zAb ld;fP/ nf]suLtnfO{ e2f agfpg]h:tf ljs[ltx? b]vf k/]sf] pgL atfpF5g .

æsfdgfÆ l;tsf] e]6df ;'lj zfxn] nf]s;+uLt / nf]sg[Todf b]vf k/]sf o:tf lj;+ultaf/] cfk\mgf wf/0ff v'n:t?kdf /fv]sf lyP . k|:t't 5, zfxl;t ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k M

xfd|f] nf]s;+uLtdf ljs[lt b]vf k/]s} xf] t <

lsg b]vf k/]sf] 5}g t Ú sltko æDo'lhs P/]Gh/Æx?n] nf]suLtdf ljb]zL w'g ld;fOlbPsf 5g\ . Tolt dfq sxfF xf] / Ú vf; ;do / kj{df dfq ahfOg] ædfn>L, d+unw'g -ehdg_, ;f]/7L cflbsf w'gx? cgfjZos / c;fGble{s nf]suLtsf PNadx?df ld;fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . nf]snox?nfO{ tf]8df]8 u/]/ ufOPsf 5g\ . nf]suLtdf k|of]u ePsf sltko zAb ;dfhsf] oyfy{eGbf aflx/ 5g\ / sltko t ;'Gb} nfh nfUg] vfnsf 5g\ .

oxfFn] t g]kfnL ;dfhdf clt g} nf]slk|o ag]sf] æcfd}n] ;f]lWng lg, v} 5f]/f] elGng\ lg===Æ af]nsf] nf]suLtsf] cfnf]rgf ug{'x'G5 lg . lsg <

d}n] uLtsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf] xf]Og To; uLtdf ePsf s]xL zAbn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf kf/]sf] gsf/fTds k|efjaf/] l6Kk0fL u/]sf] x'Ò .

s:tf] gsf/fTds k|efj <

To; uLtdf -efph"n] ;f]lWng lg, v} b]j/ elGng\, v;L sf6 elGbP===Æ eGg] zAb g]kfnL ;dfhdf ckfRo 5 . s] g]kfnL ;dfh Tolt ;fx|f] :jfyL{ 5, hxfF b]j/ dbf{ efph"n] v;L sf6]/ vflG5g\ < o; uLtn] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ unt 9+un] lrq0f u/]sf] 5 . uLtdf xflnPsf o:tf zAbn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ul/df 36fPsf] 5 . o; uLtdf c? klg ckfRo zAbx? 5g\ .

k|;+u abnf}+, nf]suLt ;+sngdf s] s:tf ljs[lt b]vf k/]sf 5g\<

nf]suLt ;+sngdf b]vf k/]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljs[lt g} kl/>d gug{' xf] . nf]suLt ufpFsf] s'gf sGb/fdf x'G5 . t/ clxn]sf dflg;x? ufpF–ufpFdf hfg] / ToxfFsf] jf:tljs uLt vf]h]/ Nofpg] rng} 5}g eg] klg x'G5 .

ufpF3/df nf]suLt vf]Hg ghfGg] clg sf]7}df a;]/ no / zAb agfpg] rng a9\bf] 5 . o;n] nf]suLtsf] df}lnstfnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 .

nf]sg[Tosf] If]qdf s] s:tf 5g\ <

nf]sg[Todf klg e't'Ss} ljs[lt 5g\ . clxn] /fhwfgLdf x'g] nf]sg[To k|ltof]lutfdf df}lns gfrx? cfpg} 5f8\of] . kmnfgf] lhNnfsf] kmnfgf] ufpFdf k|rlnt gfr eg]/ d~rdf pb\3f]if0f ul/G5 t/ gfRg cfpg] snfsf/ rflxÒ zx/s} x'G5g\ . Tolt dfq eP t x'GYof], gfRg] rfn / 9+u klg aflx/af6} lelqPsf x'G5g\ . nf]sg[Tosf] gfpFdf cTofw'lgstf b]vfpg] sfdsf] yfngL eO;s]sf] 5 . ljs[lt slt;Dd km}lnPof] eg] klZrd g]kfndf k|rlnt æx'8\sfÆ gfr klg k|b"lift eO;s]5 . d}n] /fhwfgLsf] Pp6f sfo{qmddf 8d? ahfP/ x'8\sf grfPsf] b]v]+ . of] t clt ef] . x'8\sfsf] nflu t a]Un} lsl;dsf] jfBoGq rflxG5 .

sltko dflg;x? t bz{ssf] dfucg';f/ gfr klg cfw'lgs aGb} hfG5 eG5g\ lg t <

oxL t 5, b'MvnfUbf] s'/f . xfd|f] kl/kf6L s:tf] eof] eg] bz{snfO{ bf]if lbP/ cfkm" pDsg], bz{snfO{ bf]if lbP/ cfk\mgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{] . bz{snfO{ /fd|f] s'/f lb+b} glbg] / cfk\mgf] :jfy{cg';f/ kl:sPsf s'/fnfO{ bz{ssf] dfu eGg] xf] eg] d~rdf gfª\uf] gfr b]vfP klg eof] lg . lsg k/Dk/f / ;+:s[lt eGg'k¥of] .

eGg vf]h]sf] s] eg] klxnf xfdL lhDd]jf/ aGg'k5{ . bz{ssf cufl8 /fd|f s'/fx? k|:t't ug{'k5{, clg dfq Totflt/ bz{ssf] Wofg lvlrG5 . ;a} s'/fnfO{ bz{ssf] yfKnf]dfly vGofP/ lhDd]jf/Laf6 kG5g' ePg .

df}lns nf]sg[Tox?nfO{ arfpg s] ug{'knf{ <

g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg, /fli6Ço gfr3/h:tf ;+:yfx?n] otflt/ Wofg lbg' vfFrf] 5 . ;f]/7L, s[i0f rl/q, ‰ofp/], afng, VofnL, r'8\sf, 3fF6'h:tf gfrsf 1ftfx? ufpF3/df cem} klg 5g\ . oL ;+:yfx?n] o:tf gfrsf 1ftfx?nfO{ lemsfP/ gofF k':tf o'jfo'jtLx?nfO{ l;sfpg'k5{ . km]l/ of] sfd ug{ Tolt ufx|f] klg 5}g, oL ;+:yfx?n] rfx]df ;lhn} ug{ ;S5g\ .

o; ;DaGwdf tkfO{+ cfkm}+n] s'g} k|of; ug{'ePsf] 5 ls <

g[To l;sfpg] ;+:yfx?df uP/ d}n] hfg] a'em];Ddsf gfrx? l;sfO/x]s} 5' .

nf]safhfx?sf] ;+/If0fdf oxfF s:tf] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 <

nlntsnf SofDk;n] dfbnnfO{ kf7\oqmddf /fv]sf] 5}g . o:tf] b'MvnfUbf] cj:yfdf b]v]/ dfbnnfO{ kf7\oqmddf /fVg}k5{ . eg]/ s/fpF . To;kl5 Pp6f k|:tfj klg /fv]+ dfbn;DaGwL . t/ clxn];Dd klg Tof] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePsf] 5}g .

g]kfndf nf]safhf l;Sg] l;sfpg] jftfj/0f s:tf] 5 <

;fFRr} egf}+ eg] g]kfnsf ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df nf]safhf;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] hgzlQm g} 5}g . o:tf ;+:yfx?df zf:qLo ;+uLt l;s]sfx?sf] af]njfnf 5 . pgLx? tanfjfbgdf PdP u/]sf 5g\ pgLx?df nf]safhf;DaGwL 1fgsf] sdL 5 .

d t eG5' o:tf ;+:yfx?df dfbnjfbg / cGo nf]safhfdf PdP u/]sf] hgzlQm cfjZos 5 . clgdfq nf]safhf l;Sg] l;sfpg] jftfj/0f aGg ;S5 .

–odaxfb'/ b'/f

ljdnfsf] k'gh{Gd

kRrL; jif{sf] ufog ofqf k'¥ofO;s]sf ufos k|sfz >]i7;Fu klxnf] kN6 rnlrq sfG5Ldf sfG5L x] sfG5L ufpg] uflosf ljdnf /fO{sf] ufog ofqf klg lgs} nfdf] e};s]sf] 5 . cfpFbf] ebf} !@ ut] pgsf] ufog ofqf aL; jif{ k'Ub} 5 .

sfG5L x] sfG5L ufpg'cl3 uflosf /fO{n] c? uLt ufPsf] eP klg ltgnfO{ pgL cflwsfl/s dfGg] kIfdf 5}gg\ . sfG5L x] sfG5Ln] lrgfof] ToxL uLt g} d]/f] æ/]s8{]6Æ klxnf] uLt xf] pgn] elgg\ . snsQfsf] zflGt lgs]tg dxfljBfnodf dl0fk'/] g[To tyf /jLGb| ;+uLtdf aLDo'h;Ddsf] k9fO k"/f u/]/ kms{]kl5 g[Tod} hDg] sf]l;; u/]sf] eP tfklg :juL{o ;+uLtsf/ uf]kfn of]~hg;Fu lrgfhfg ePkl5 pxfFs} k|f]T;fxgn] cfkm" uflosf aGg k'u]sf] ljdnf elG5g\ .

uf]kfn of]~hgsf k"j{jt\ r]nLx? zzL /fO{ tyf ldlynf zdf{dfkm{t of]~hgnfO{ lrg]sL uflosf /fO{n] of]~hgs} ;+uLtdf sfG5L x] sfG5L ufPsL lyOg\ . To;}af6 ufog ofqf z'? u/]sf] eP tfklg g[To pgsf] nIo lyof] . /fd|f] 8fG;/ ag]/ gfd sdfpg] rfxgf lyof] . dl0fk'/] g[Todf ;d]t laDo'h u/]/ ha pgL snsQfaf6 g]kfn cfOg\ pgsf] rfxgf kfgLsf] kmf]sfh:t} km'6\of] . g]kfndf dl0fk'/] g[Tosf] s'g} dxTj lyPg .

sltn] t of] g[TonfO{ a'em]sf klg lyPgg\ . a'emfpg] k|of;df nflhDkf6df g[To s]Gb| vf]n]/ k|lzIf0f ug{] ;f]rfO ubf{ klg ljBfyL{ gkfPkl5 aGb ug{'k/]sf] kL8f pgn] ef]u]sL lyOg\ . h;af6 kl/jlt{t ePsf] pgsf] dg sTys g[Tod} /dfpg yfNof] . t]x| jif{ t pgn] dx]Gb| k'ln; Snadf ldlynf zdf{;Fu g[To u/]sL lyOg\ / ljut c7f/ jif{b]lv cfh;Dd klg cleg]qL ldlynf zdf{sf ;fyd} lqk'/]Zj/l:yt sflGt O{Zj/L :s"ndf ;+uLt tyf g[To ljifosL lzlIfsf eP/ k9fpFb} cfPsL 5g\ .

k7g–kf7gsf] Tof] nfdf] Oltxf;df kf]xf]/ ;fn h]7 !( ut]sf] /fhb/af/ xTofsf08n] pgsf] dg ;fx|} ?jfPsf] 5 . :ju{jf;L >L % clw/fhs'df/L >'tL tyf >L clw/fhs'df/ lg/fhg ;/sf/nfO{ l;sfpFbfsf] ofbn] pgnfO{ ;w}+ ;tfO/x]sf] 5 .

lgZrn cg'xf/ nHhfn' k|s[ltsf ;/sf/x?nfO{ xft ;dfO–;dfO g[To l;sfPsf] / ufpg nufPsf] Tof] If0f hLjgdf d e'Ng ;lQmg eGb} pgL elG5g\– h;/L :s"ndf lzlIfsf / ljBfyL{sf] ;DaGw lyof] . To;}u/L ;/sf/x?sf] Joxf]/f b/afl/of z}nLsf] lyPg . cfd ljBfyL{x?h:t} nfUYof] . xfdLn] klg To:t} Jojxf/ uYof{}+ / >L % a8fdxf/fgL P]Zjo{ ;/sf/x?sf] k9fOdf rf;f] /fv]/ ;jf/L ePsf] a]nfdf ;f]lwaS;GYof] . cleefjs lbj;df >L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| ;/sf/ ;jf/L x'Òbf d}n] z'?b]lv cGt;Dd g[To u/]sf] b]v]kl5 e]6df g[To t z'?b]lv cGt;Dd} ug{'k5{ xlu < eg]/ ;f]wgL ePsf] d la;{Gg eg]/ uDeL/ x'Òb} pgn] elgg\– ædnfO{ t cem} ljZjf; x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g ;/sf/x? :ju{af; e};Sof] eg]/ .Æ

lax]kl5 g[Todf eGbf ufogd} lg/Gt/ nfu]sL /fO{n] xfn;Dd tLg ;o hlt uLt ufO;s]sL l5g\ . æe/t ;/ud ;fu/Æ gfds PNad Ps bzscufl8 lgsfn]sL lyOg\ . k/f/ ;fn bf];|f] PNad df]xgL lgsfn]kl5 cfkm" lgs} rrf{df cfPsf] / k'gh{Gd ePsf] dx;'; pgn] u/]sL 5g\ . lg/Gt/ ufogd} nflu/x] tfklg PkmPd /]l8of]x?n] ufos–uflosfx?sf olt w]/} uLt ahfP/ h'g ?kdf ;3fO/x]sf 5g\ . To;af6 ufpgdf cem k|]/0ff ldn]sf] / gofF k':tf;Fu sfFwdf sfFw ldnfP/ cufl8 a9\g] hf]z rn]sf] 5 elG5g\ .

ToxL hf]zsf] kl/0ffd :j?k d}n] gofF PNad ædfofÆ xfn} dfq ;fj{hlgs u/]/ cufl8 a9]sL 5' . df]xgLnfO{ hlts} dfofnfO{ klg ;a}n] dfof ug{]5g\ eGg] d}n] ck]Iff lnPsL 5' –pgn] elgg\ .

nf]suLtsf] nf]slk|otf

æl;4fy{ jg:ynL OlG:6Ro'6Æ df cWoog/t !$ jifL{o /]Zdf du/ g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] bf]xf]/L uLtsf] k|:t'lt g5'6fO{ x]g{] ul5{g\ .

Ps æk|fOe]6 Po/nfOG;Æ df ;'/IffsdL{sf] ?kdf sfo{/t $) jifL{o u0f]zaxfb'/ PkmPd /]l8of]x?af6 aHg] nf]suLt ;'Ggsf nflu cr]n ;fgf] vfnsf] /]l8of] af]s]/ lx+8\5g\ .

7d]nsf] Ps xf]6ndf sfo{/t ^) jifL{of lbndfof yfkf g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] nf]s bf]xf]/L uLtsf] æPl8S6Æ g} ag]sL l5g\ . oxL sfo{qmd x]g{sf nflu pgL cfk\mgf] sfd l56f]–l56f] l;WofP/ 6]lnlehgsf] kbf{df cfFvf uf8\l5g\ .

clxn] /]Zdf, u0f]zaxfb'/ / lbndfof dfq xf]Og, 7"nf] hg;d"x nf]suLtk|lt cfslif{t ePsf] b]lvG5 . zx/leq u'8\g] 6\ofS;L, dfOqmf]a; Pj+ ldgLa;df u'~hg] nf]sefsf, /fhwfgLsf bf]xf]/L /]i6'/fFx?df u'~hg] nf]sno, PkmPdsf nf]suLt k|:tf]tfx?nfO{ k|fKt x'g] cgluGtL lr7Lkq Pj+ ækmf]gsnÆ cflbn] oxL tYonfO{ k'li6 ub{5 .

s'g} ;dodf æufpFn]x?sf] uLtÆ eg]/ ckx]lnt aGg k'u]sf] bf]xf]/L uLtnfO{ g]kfn 6]lnlehgn] æj]a;fO6Ædf ;d]t /fv]sf] 5 . csf{] s'/f OG6/g]6dfkm{t ljZje/ k|;f/0f x'g] PraL;L PkmPdn] nf]suLt;DaGwL sfo{qmd ænf]ssf];]nLÆ df ;|f]tfl;t k|ToIf kmf]gjftf{ u/]/ ;|f]tfn] g} cg'/f]w u/]sf] nf]suLt ahfpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

æ;+rf/dfWodx?df nf]suLtn] o;/L 7fpF kfpg'n] nf]suLt hg;fwf/0faLr nf]slk|o x'Òb} uPsf] s'/fnfO{ k|dfl0ft u5{, nf]sufos s[i0f;'wf 9'+ufgf xif{ldl>t :j/df eG5g\– æo;af6 nf]suLtsf] k|j4{gdf pNn]vgLo ;xof]u dfq k'u]sf] 5}g, ældl8of l;gfl/of]Æ klg ablnPsf] 5 .Æ

ca xfdLx?aLr g} k|Zg p7\5, nf]suLt PsfPs lsg nf]slk|o x'g k'Uof] t <

ænf]suLt klxNo}b]lv nf]slk|o lyof], of] PSsfl; nf]slk|o ePsf] xf]OgÆ PraL;L PkmPdsf æ:6]zg Dofg]h/Æ Pj+ ænf]ssf];]nLÆ sf k|:tf]tf k|sfz yfkfsf] 7x/ 5, æa? nf]suLtn] ljutdf ældl8of PSkf]h/Æ gkfPsf]n] Tolta]nf nf]suLt cf]em]ndf k/]sf] dfq xf] .Æ

nf]sufos adaxfb'/ sfsL{ klg yfkfsf] 7x/l;t ;xdt 5g\ . xfd|f] k/Dk/f / ;+:s[ltsf] Ps lx:;f dflgPsf] nf]suLtn] ;+rf/dfWoddf :yfg kfpg' / of] qmlds ?kdf nf]slk|o x'Òb} hfg'nfO{ pgL ;'vb kIf dfG5g\ .

csf{ nf]sufos kf08j ;'g'jf/ ældl8ofÆ / ;+:s[ltk|]dL ;+rf/sdL{x?sf] ;Tk|of;af6 nf]suLt nf]slk|otfsf] lzv/tkm{ nDs]sf] ljrf/ kf]V5g\ .

o; ;DaGwdf ;'g'jf/ c?eGbf leGg wf/0ff klg /fV5g\ . pgL nf]suLt nf]slk|o x'g'df kk\ ufos–uflosfnfO{ klg h; lbG5g\ .

pgsf] ts{ 5– ækk\ ufos–uflosfn] nf]sz}nLdf uLt ufPsfn] klg nf]suLtn] km}lng] df}sf kfof] .Æ

nf]s ufos o'Qm u'?ªrflx+ uLt /]sl8{ªdf b]vf k/]sf] gofF–gofF k|ljlw, ;+rf/hutdf cfPsf] k|ljlwut ;'wf/ Pjd\ ;|f]tfx?df cfPsf] cfk\mgf] ;+:s[ltk|ltsf] ;r]ttfn] nf]suLt nf]slk|o aGb} uPsf] dfGotf /fV5g\ .

nf]suLtdf Jofj;flostf M

lat]sf lbgx?df ;fFrf] cy{df nf]suLtsf] ;fwgfdf nfu]sf k|ltefsf] JolQmut / kfl/jfl/s hLjg Hofb} si6k"0f{ /x]sf] s'/f 3fd hlts} 5n{ª 5 . t/ ca ;don] sfFr'nL km]l/;s]sf] 5 . d]xgt ug{] snfsf/sf nflu nf]suLt ufP/ afFRg ;Sg] cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] s'/fdf nf]sufos–uflosfx? ljZj:t 5g\ .

aLdfs'df/ b'/f, nIdL Gof}kfg], l;Gw' dNn, ;Ltf yfkfh:tf uflosfx? nf]suLt ufP/ gfd / bfd b'j} sdfpg]df k5{g\ . pgLx? Ps}:j/df eG5g\– æca, nf]suLt ufP/ afFRg ;Sg] lbg cfof] .Æ

/fhwfgLsf ljleGg /]sl8{ª :6'l8of]df nf]suLtdf ;gfxLsf] w'g eb{} cfPsf nf]sk|ltef anaxfb'/ h}?sf] b[9f]lQm 5– æ9'Ss eP x'G5, nf]suLtsf] If]qdf nfUg] snfsf/ k};fsf] cefjdf ca db{}gg\ .Æ

g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf bf]xf]/L uLt;DaGwL sfo{qmd pTkfbg Pj+ k|:t't ub{} cfPsf /fdk|;fb vgfn nf]sk|ltefx? cfly{s?kdf klg ;an aGb} uPsf] wf/0ff /fV5g\ .

pgL eG5g\– ælxhf] lg/Lx cj:yfdf /x]sf ufos–uflosfx? clxn] cfk\mgf] kfl/>ldssf ;DaGwdf æafu{]gÆ ug{] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ .Æ

nf]suLtdf :t/Lotfsf] k|Zg M

Jofks dfqfdf nf]suLtsf PNadx? pTkfbg / laqmL ljt/0f eP klg sltko JolQmTjx? o;k|lt ;Gt'i6 5}gg\ . pgLx? :t/Lotfk|lt k|Zg p7fpF5g\ .

nf]suLtsf] cf/f]x–cj/f]xnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofln/x]sf cWo]tf ;'lj zfx nf]suLtsf] :t/Lotfdf k|Zg p7fpg] JolQmx?dWo] Ps x'g\ .

zfx eG5g\– ænf]suLtsf] If]qdf hlt x'g'kg{] xf], Tolt ePg . nf]suLtsf] ;+VofTds j[l4 t eof], u'0ffTds j[l4 ePg .Æ

zfxsf] egfOl;t nf]sufos s[i0f ;'wf 9'+ufgf ;xdt 5g\ . 9'+ufgfsf] lrGtf 5– æn's]sf jf x/fPsf nf]sefsfx? vf]Hglt/eGbf klg ePs} efsfnfO{ a+UofP/ ufpg] k|j[lQ a9\of] .Æ

t/, nf]sufos adaxfb'/ sfsL{ rflx+ Ps}rf]l6 o:tf] lg/fzfhgs wf/0ff /fVg gx'g] ljrf/df cl8u 5g\ . æ:t/Lotf ÅjfQ} cfOxfNg] s'/f xf]Og, of] t ;doqmd;Fu} cfpg] s'/f xf] .Æ sfsL{ eG5g\– æPs}rf]l6 gsf/fTds l6Kk0fL ubf{ uLt ufpg]x?df lg/fzf a9\g ;Qm5 .Æ

csf{ nf]sufos gf/fo0f /fodfemL xfd|f] nf]suLt ufogdf eg] hlt :t/Lotf gcfP klg lg/fz} x'g'kg{] l:ylt g/x]sf] atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\– ænf]suLtsf] eljiok|lt cfzfjfbL agf}+ .Æ

odaxfb'/ b'/f

Rofgs'6' Rofgs'6' ‰ofO ug{] afhf

g]kfnL hghLjg / nf]safhfsf] cGt/;DaGw gª / df;'sf] h:t} 3lgi6 5 . g]kfnLl;t ldt]/L ufF:b} cfPsf nf]safhfx?dWo] Ps xf]– æk~r}afhf .Æ

ljjfx, k"hf, pT;jh:tf z'esfo{x?df k~r}afhf ahfpg] k/Dk/f g]kfnL ;dfhdf 5 . 6\ofDsf], bdfxf, ;xgfO, ‰ofnL / g/l;+xsf] ;lDd>0fnfO{ æk~r}afhfÆ elgG5 . k~r}afhfsf] /funfO{ k'li6 ug{ 9f]nsL sgf{nh:tf k/Dk/fut afhfnfO{ klg o;}df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

sgf{n k~r}afhfsf] dfp ePsf] ts{ ^& jifL{o lbnaxfb'/ kl/of/sf] 5 . k~r}afhfdf x'g] /fu–/flugLsf] af/]df k|sfz kfb{} sf:sL, cd{nfsf wgaxfb'/ kl/of/ eG5g\– æo;df aQL; /fu / ## /flugL x'G5g\ .Æ

k~r}afhfsf] dw'/ w'gk|lt ;dfhsf ;a} tx / ju{sf dflg;sf] plQs} cfsif{0f /lxcfPsf] 5 . t/ of] afhf ahfP/ hLjg u'hfg{] sfo{ rflx+ bdfO{ hflt -hf] cfkm"nfO{ kl/of/ eGg ?rfpF5g\_ n] dfq u/]sf] kfOG5 .

k~h}afhfsf] k|of]u cGo z'esfo{df eGbf ljjfxdf a9L k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . ;dfhdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g;Fu} ljjfxdf k~r}afhfsf] ;¤f ljb]zL afhf 3lGsg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;af6 k~r}afhf ahfP/ hLjg wfGg] jfBjfbssf] Joj;fo ;+s6df kg{ yfn]sf] 5 .

t/ o:tf] hl6n kl/l:yltdf klg k~r}afhfsf sltko jfBjfbsx?n] lxDdt xf/]sf 5}gg\ . sf:sLl:yt æa:yf/L kf]v/]nL afhf ;d"xÆ sf gfOs] ltnsaxfb'/ kl/of/n] lat]sf] #% jif{b]lv k~r}afhf ahfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . kl/of/ xfd|f] ;dfhaf6 k~r}afhf x/fpg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{}gg\ . pgL k~r}afhf ahfP/ k|fKt x'g] kfl/>lds g} cfk\mgf] 3/vr{sf] bl/nf] cfwf/ ePsf] atfpF5g\ .

lxhf]cfh ljjfxdf Aof08afhf ahfpg] rng a9\b} uP klg cfk\mgf 5f]/f gfltsf] ljjfxdf k~r}afhf 3Gsfpg] wf]sf] /fVg] dflg;sf] ;+Vof ufpF3/df sd 5}g . o:t} wf]sf] sf:sL enfdsf s[i0faxfb'/ vqLsf] klg 5 . k~r}afhfsf] tfndf gfRb} b'nxL lng uPsf] ljutnfO{ ;DemÒb} pgL eG5g\– æd]/f] gfltsf] ljjfxdf k~r}afhf 3Gsfpg] wf]sf] 5 . Æ

k~r}afhfsf] tfndf ljleGg no / z}nLsf uLt Pj+ gfr k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . To;f] t k~r}afhf;DaGwL y'k|} nf]suLt klg ;'Gg kfOG5 . nfnaxfb'/ vfFtLn] ufPsf] æRofgs'6' Rofgs'6' ‰ofO{ ug{] afhf, dg k/]sf] dfof kfpF cfh===Æ xfdLaLr Hofb} nf]slk|o 5 . o;}u/L ut jif{ lg:s]sf] Ps PNaddf /x]sf] æk~r}afhfsf], dfofn' e]l6of] ;fx|} dhfsf]Æ af]nsf] nf]suLt klg o'jfx?aLr nf]slk|o /x]sf] 5 .

o;/L g]kfnL hghLjgl;t ldt]/L ufF:b} cfPsf] k~r}afhf cfofltt afhfx?sf sf/0f lj:yflkt x'Òb}5g\ . xfd|f] lrgf/L ag]sf] o:tf afhfx? nf]k gx'g\ eg]/ gful/s ;dfhaf6 s]xL k|of; ePsf 5g\ . o;} qmddf ut @)%* ;fn r}t dlxgfsf] cGTolt/ ælxdfnL ;fF:s[lts kl/jf/Æ n] kf]v/fdf k~r}afhfsf] k|ltof]lutf u¥of] . gful/s ;dfhsf] tkm{af6 ePsf] of] k|of; k|z+;gLo 5 t/ kof{Kt 5}g .

gful/s ;dfhb]lv ;/sf/;Ddn] k/Dk/fut / ;+:s[lt arfpg'k5{ eg]sf] y'k|} eof] . t/ s;/L arfpg], o;nfO{ < k|Zg cg'Ql/Q 5 . gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/n] o;sf] pQ/ gvf]h];Dd k/Dk/f / ;+:s[lt arfpg'k5{ eg]/ lrRofPsf] cfjfh kmut /f]bgafx]s s]xL x'g ;Qm}g .

–lbg]z a:g]t

Pp6f o:tf] ;f+uLlts hf]8L

g]kfnL nf]s;+uLtnfO{ If]qut?kdf lr/kmf/ u/]/ x]g{] xf] eg] /fKtL c~rn / o;sf] cGt/s'Gt/df u'~hg] nf]sefsfsf] a]Un} dxTj 5 . ToxfFsf] :yfgLo njhdf ;'l;lng] nf]snosf] dfw'o{ / nflnTon] ;a}sf] dg nf]EofpF5 .

/fKtL c~rnsf Pshf]8L k|ltlglw ufos–uflosf ToxfFsf] nf]sefsfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gdf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . tL nf]sk|ltef x'g\– rGb|snf zfx / dw'afa' yfkf .

;w}+h;f] o'un nf]suLt ufpg dg k/fpg] oL ufos–uflosfn] /]l8of] g]kfndf % bh{geGbf a9L nf]suLt ufO;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] uLtdf :yfgLo njh e]l6G5 .

eg dfof uf}+ynL xOlgp / -xf]Ogf}+ /_

;fOn] dnfO{ lrg]sL 5]Olgp / -5}gf}+ /_

o;/L :yfgLo:t/df k|rlnt nf]sno / nf]snjhnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} ptf/]/ rGb|snf zfx / dw'afa' yfkfn] nf]suLtsf] df}lnstf / dd{nfO{ arfpg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ .

oL b'j} k|ltef bfª -/fKtL c~rn_ sf x'g\ . pgLx?n] nf]suLtsf # bh{ghlt PNad lgsfln;s]sf 5g\ . ut jif{ dfq nf]suLtsf oL hf]8Ln] /fhb/af/ xTofsf08;DaGwL PNad lgsfn]– ælr/zflGtsf] sfdgf .Æ

pgLx?n] cem} klg o'un nf]suLt ufO/x]sf 5g\ . Ps} 7fpFsf] ePsf]n] af]nLsf] pRrf/0f, uLtsf] no / :j/sf] cf/f]x cj/f]x ldNg] ePsf]n] cfkm"x?n] ;Fu;Fu} uLt ufPsf] s'/f pgLx? atfpF5g\ .

dw'afa' yfkf g]qljxLg JolQm x'g\ . pgL /]l8of] g]kfndf sfo{/t 5g\ . rGb|snf zfx klg /]l8of] g]kfnd} sfo{/t sd{rf/L ePsf]n] pgn] dw'afa'nfO{ sfof{no Nofpg] / n}hfg] sfddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpFl5g\ .

:6'l8of]df g]qljxLg JolQml;t uLt /]s8{ ubf{ slxn]sfxL+ cK7]/f] kg{] u/]sf] ;+:d/0f rGb|snf zfx ;'gfpFl5g\ .

æ:6'l8of]df uLt /]s8{ ubf{ /]sl8{i6sf] O;f/f a'‰g'kg{] x'G5 . dw'afa' cfFvf b]Vb}gg\ . To;}n] pgn] /]sl8{i6sf] O;f/f a'‰g] s'/} ePg .Æ dw'afa'l;t uLt /]s8{ ubf{ kg{] ufx|f];fx|f]af/] rGb|snf zfx elG5g\– æuLt ufpFbf slxn]sfxL+ uLt lalu|of] eg] ls t af]Ng}kg{] x'G5, ls t lrdf]6\g} kg{] x'G5 .Æ

y'k|} ufx|f] ;fx|f] ;x]/ nf]s;+uLtsf] ofqfdf lg:s]sf y'k|} la;f}gL / rf}tf/Ldf kl;gf k'5\b} lgsfn]sf ;':s]sf dL7f] nf]s;+uLt ag]sf] 5 . o;n] nf]suLtsf cg'/fuLx?nfO{ df]xgL nufPsf] 5 .

hfkfgL uLtdf g]kfnL :j/

hfkfgL k|l;4 slj of;'lx/f] lsl;df]tf] oltv]/ lgSs} b+u 5g\ . lsl;df]tf]Œf/f /lrt hfkfgL uLt g]kfnL uflosf ;'lSdt u'?ªn] h:tfsf] t:t} ufOlb+bf pgL ;fFRr} xif{n] /f]OlbP . /fhwfgLsf] sflGtkyl:yt :6'l8of] 6'–yfph]G8df s]xL lbgsf] l/ofhkl5 ;'lSdtn] olt dhfn] lsl;df]tf]sf] pQm uLt ufOlbOg ls– ;'Gg]x? klg of] :j/ t hfkfgL uflosfsf] xf] eGg afWo eP .

:jod\ uLtsf/ lsl;df]tf]n] ;'lSdtsf] hfkfgL :j/af6 k|efljt ag]/ eg]– æof] cgf}7f] 36gf eof] . hfkfgL uflosfn] eGbf dL7f] :j/df h:tfsf] t:t} g]kfnL uflosfn] ufOlbOg\ . pQm uLt s'g} hfkfgL uflosfn] klg olt /fd|/L ufpg ;Sb}gg\ xf]nf .

hfkfgL efiffsf] ;d]t 1fg /fVg] uflosf ;'lSdt u'?ª cfk\mgf] of] ufognfO{ s'g} gf}nf] /]s8{eGbf k|of]u eGg ?rfpl5g\ . l/ofh ul/of] eg], sltko ga'em]sf efiffdf klg uLt ufpg ;lsG5– hfkfgL dfq x}g, c? efiffsf klg d}n] uLt ufO;s]sL 5' ;'lSdt elG5g\ . &$ jifL{o ckfª\u slj lsl;df]tf]sf] rfxgf hfkfgL efiffdf g]kfnL ufos–uflosfsf] :j/df uLt /]s8{ u/fpg] / g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jflbt pgsf uLtx? hfkfgL ufos–uflosfnfO{ ufpg nufpg] xf] . lsl;df]tf]sf] of] rfxgfnfO{ d't{?k lbg] sfo{ c;xfo tyf ckfª\u ;]jf ;dfhsf cWoIf ch'{g clwsf/Laf6 eO/x]sf] 5 .

;dfhsf cWoIf clwsf/Lsf cg';f/ slj lsl;df]tf]n] hfkfgL efiffdf n]v]sf bh{gf} uLtsf] g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb ug]{ sfo{ kf]v/fsf l;h{g efG;fsfo{af6 ePs]f 5 . To;df uLlt no tyf 5Gb ldnfpg] sfo{ cWoIf ch'{g clwsf/L tyf g]kfnL rnlrqsf uLtsf/ afa'/fdaf6 ePsf] c;xfo tyf ckfª\u ;]jf ;dfhn] atfPsf] 5 . To;/L cg'jflbt slj lsl;df]tf]sf hfkfgL uLt g]kfnL efiffdf ufos od a/fnn] ufO;s]sf 5g\ . pQm uLtsf] af]n lxdfnL 5f]/L dfofdf k/L eGg] af]nsf] 5 eg], csf]{ Pp6f uLt klg uflosf /Ldf u'?ªsf] :j/df /]s8{ eO;s]sf] 5 .

hfkfgL ufos–uflosfnfO{ t'?Gt} g]kfn lemsfpg xfnnfO{ k|fljlws sl7gfO kl//x]sf]n] g]kfnLdf cg'jfb eO;s]sf s]xL   uLtnfO{ g]kfnL ufos–uflosfnfO{ g} ufpg nufpg cfkm" afWo ePsf] slj lsl;df]tf] atfpF5g\ . oxL >fj0f dlxgfdf hfkfg kms]{kl5 g]kfnL uLt ufpg nufpg hfkfgaf6 hfkfgL ufos–uflosf g]kfn Nofpg] cfk\mgf] k|oTg /xg] klg lsl;df]tf]n] atfPsf 5g\ .

g]kfndf eg] hfkfgL uLt ;'lSdt u'?ªkl5 /fds[i0f 9sfn, s'GtL df]Qmfgnufotsf ufos–uflosfŒf/f ufpg nufpg] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnLdf cf7 j6f tyf hfkfgL efiffdf cf7 j6f uLt /]s8{ ePkl5 b'j} efiffdf uLlt PNad lgsfNg] ;f]rfO slj lsl;df]tf]n] u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !((@ b]lv cfkm"Œf/f /lrt sljtf, syf Pjd\ pkGof;sf lstfa hfkfgdf a]r]/ To;af6 ;+slnt /sdaf6 ut jif{ kf]v/fsf] lj/f}6fl:yt lzz' lgs]tg dfu{df c;xfo ckfª\ux?nfO{ lgMz'Ns k9fpg pgn] g]kfn lsl;df]tf] :s'n :yfkgf u/]sf lyP .

k9fOsf] cnfjf c;xfox?nfO{ skL–snd tyf 8Ç];;d]t lgMz'Ns lbg] pQm :s'ndf xfn sIff b'O{;Dd lj:tf/ eO;s]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{ ;+Vof dfq 8]9;o k'lu;s]s]f 5 . cfo;|f]t lsl;df]tf]afx]s c? gePsf sf/0f :s'nsf] ah]6 h'6fpg sl7gfO kl//x]sf]n] o;kfnf pQm ah]6 h'6fpg eP klg lsl;df]tf]n] cfk\mgf uLtx? g]kfnL tyf hfkfgL efiffdf /]s8{ u/fP/ hfkfg tyf g]kfndf ;f+uLlts Joj;fo ug]{ ;f]rfO u/]sf 5g\ .

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