Madhuparka (View (Nepal) )

sljj/ Jolytsf lxGbL–sfJo ;fwgf

– k|f= 8f= piff 7fs'/

æd]/} dxTjfsf+B|ffsf Psdfq p2]Zo x},
cfsfz s] ¿k d]+
v'bsf] k|:t't s/g] sf .Æ

– k[= #*

æt]j/ sljtfsf ;Gbe{ cfh sfÆ

dxfslj nB|dLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] eg] h:t}–

æp2]Zo s] lng' <
p8L 5'g' rGb| Ps .Æ

Jolyt klg cToGt dxTjfsf+B|fL JolQmTj x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFdf JofKt pbfQ efjgf, ck"j{ b[9 ;+sNk / pxfFsf hLjgsf dxfg\ nB|ox¿ cToGtg} :t'To 5g\ . g]kfnL ;flxTosf qmflGtsf/L sljsf ¿kdf b]vf k/]sf slj Jolyt lxGbLefiffdf /lrt sljtfx¿df klg To:t} k|v/ o'u–r]tgfsf ;Dafxs–sljsf ¿kdf lqmofzLn x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] ;fxl;nf] ;flxlTos JolQmTj / pxfFsf] k|v/ qmflGtsf/L r]tgfn] g]kfnL ;flxTosf ;fy} lxGbL ;flxTonfO{ klg Pp6f cd/ ;flxlTos lje"lt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 / lxGbL ;flxTo klg pxfF h:tf] dxfg\ slj kfP/ uf}/jflGjt ePsf] 5 . slt b[9tf / cfF6sf ;fy pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] –

æPp6} dfq sfdgf 5 d]/f]
chftzq's} ¿kdf
cfˆgf] klxrfg k|:t't ug{ ;s"F d .Æ

– Jolyt, dw'ks{, c;f/– @)%!

;flxTo / ;flxTosf/x¿nfO{ c;Ld k|]/0ff / k|f]T;fxg lbg] o'uslj Jolytsf sljtfx¿df hlt k|v/ pb\af]wgfTdstfsf :j/ lyP, pxfFsf sljtf–jfrgsf :j/ klg plts} cf]h:jL, ;zQm / pT;fxL x'g] ub{lyof] .

pxfFsf] d[To'eGbf !) lbg k"j{ pxfFsf] lgjf; :yfgdf pxfFnfO{ cfˆgf] …lxGbL cf}/ g]kfnL ;flxTo s] k|ltlglw x:tfB|f/ zLif{s k':ts e]+6 :j¿k ck{0fsf nflu d uPsf] lyPF . k':ts x]/]/ c;Ld k|;Ggtf / ;Gtf]if JoQm ub}{ pxfFn] cfˆgf] OR5f o;/L cleJoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof]–ælxGbL / g]kfnL ;flxTosf aLr ;'b[9 ;DaGwsf nflu xfdLn] k|of; ug'{k5{ . ;fy} cGo l5d]sL /fi6«x¿sf;Fu g]kfnL ;flxTosf k/:k/ ;'b[9 ;DaGw xf];\, o;sf nflu xfdL k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ . d Pp6f …;fs{ n]vs ;+u7gÚsf cfjZostf dx;'; ul//x]sf] 5' / To;sf nflu d}n] k|of; klg u/]sf] lyPF .Æ s'/}–s'/fdf pxfFn] cToGt cf]h:jL :j/df …zflGtb"tÚsf nflu tof/ kfg'{ePsf Pp6f lxGbL sljtf ;'gfpg'eof] . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf c:j:y ePklg pxfFsf] cfjfh k"j{jt g} hf]lznf] / x'Fsf/k"0f{ lyof] . pxfFsf sljtfdf cleJoQm cf]hl:jtf / sljtf jfrg–z}nL cgfof;g} lxGbL slj lbgs/sf :d/0f u/fpF5 .

j:t'tM Pp6f c;To ;flxTosf/nfO{ b]z / sfnsf ;Ldf x'Fb}g . o:tf o'uslj ef}uf]lns ;Ldf kf/ u/]/ ljZjfTdfdf JofKt eP/ ;Dk"0f{ dfgjfTdfsf lxt–lrGtgdf ;dlk{t eO{ cfˆgf] ;Gb]z o; k|sf/ ljtl/t u5{–

æxdf/f Xbo
jfo' d]+ ;'uGw sL t/x
cjuflxt
s/fgf kfxtf x}
;Dk"0f{ dfgjtf sf]
ljZj s] lnP .Æ

…qoLÚ %)–&^

slj Jolytn] efiffsf ;Lldt ;Ldf gf3]/ /fi6«efiff g]kfnL ;dfg g} lxGbL efiffdf klg ;dfg bB|ftfn] el/Psf] cfˆgf] efj–wf/fnfO{ k|jflxt u/]/ j}lZjs /Ëd~rdfg} lxGbL sljtf–B|f]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf ;flxTo ;fwgfdf g]kfnL, g]jf/L / lxGbLsf] kljq lqj]0fL au]sf] 5 . d[To' ko{Gt pxfF ;flxTo–;fwgfdf k"0f{tM ;dlk{t eP/ g]kfnL, g]jf/L / lxGbL ;flxTofsfzdf cfˆgf] Pp6f df}lns / ljlzi6:yfg cf]u6]/ Pp6f ;kmn sljsf ax'd"No pbfx/0f k|:t't ug'{eof] . pxfFsf lxGbL sljtfx¿ klg pxfFsf g]kfnL sljtf h:t} JolQm, kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«sf ;Lldt ;Ldf kf/ u/]/ ljZj–sNof0f sfdgfdf clk{t 5g\ . k|v/ o'u–r]tgfsfwgL slj Jolytsf lxGbL sfJo /rgfx¿df klg pbfQ dfgjLo efjgf, dfgj lxtsf nflu ck"j{ b[9 ;+sNk / ljZjaGw'Tjsf efjgfsf k|rf/–k|;f/sf nflu dxfg\ nB|o b]lvG5 –

æe"d08n e/ s] cfbdL p;s] ckg] xL aGw' x}+
ljZj e/ km}n] x'P ;d:t b]z p;sf ckgf xL b]z x} .Æ

–æt]a/ sljtfsf …Æ k[= $@

slj Jolytsf /rgfx¿df ;flxTo / /fhgLlt cleGg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . pxfFsf hLjg–ofqfdf slj Jolyt / /fhgLlts Jolyt Ps csf{df JofKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . pxfFsf sfJo–JolQmTjsf lgdf{0f g} ;flxTo / /fhgLltsf cleGg ldngaf6 ePsf] xf] . w]/} h;f] pxfFsf k|f/lDes sljtfx¿ O{=;+= !(%) sf] cf;kf; h]nsf oftgf ef]Ub} n]v]sf x'g\ . sf/fjf;sf s7f]/ oftgfdo hLjgdf sljn] k|s[ltaf6 k|]/0ffu|x0f u5{ . gesf tf/fn] pxfFnfO{ xfF:g l;sfpF5 / h'gsL/Ln] sljsf cGwsf/k"0f{ dfu{df cfzfsf k|sfz lbP/ k|ult–kydf cu|;/ x'gsf nflu pb\af]lwt u5{–

ætddo ky d]+ a'´–a'´ hn–hn
a9\g]sf b]s/ ;Gb]z
d]/} ;Dd'v cfs/ ufof
h'ug"g] Hof]ltt ufgf

k|ltlbg
Hof]ltd{o lrGtg sL Hjfnf d]+
k'nlst k/jfg] ;f hn s/,
tdsf] cfnf]lst s/g] d]+
kfjg ;fwg ag s/,
hnt]–hnt] td d]+ x;gf
d}+g] tf/f]+ ;] ;Lvf x} .æ

–…qoLÚ k[=–!^@

pTkL8g / cTofrf/af6 b'MvL sljsf s?0ffdo hLjgdf sljtf g} pxfFsf PsfsL hLjgsf ;fyLsf] ¿kdf b]vf kl5{g . sljtf–ofqfsf k|f/lDessfnb]lvg} b]zsf b'Jo{j:yf / /f0ffzf;gsf cTofrf/ k|ltsf ddf{xt Xbo ulx/f] ljiffbdf 8'a]sf xfdL kfpF5f}+ . …ljZjf;Ú zLif{s k|f/lDes sljtfdf sf}/j–kf08jsf P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld lnP/ sljn] lgeL{stfk"j{s o; k|sf/ cleJoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 –

æeLd;f gxL+ ;Gtlt sf]xL
xf]uL s};] k"0f{ k|lt1f <
b]vf], kf~rfnL h};f xL
dfFsf]eL s/g] sf] gUg
b'Mzf;g ;f lgi7'/ zf;s
vL+r /xf x} s]z k|;Gg .Æ

g]kfnL hg–hLjgnfO{ cToGt glhsaf6 x]/]sf] x'gfn] pxfFsf sljtfdf g]kfnL hg–hLjgsf dfld{s Joyf, ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿ ljjztfx¿ cToGt ;hLj 9Ën] k|:t't ePsf] 5 .

nueu bzs;Dd ;flxTo ;fwgfdf k"0f{tM ;dlk{t eP/ pxfFn] k|z:t dfqfdf ;flxTo–l;h{gf ug'{eof] . g]kfnL ;flxTodf …JolytÚ pkgfdn] ;'kl/lrt s]bf/dfg Jolytsf] hGd lj=;+= !(&! df ePsf] lyof] . h]nleqsf] /fhgLlts if8\oGqn] lbSs eO{ pxfFn] cfˆgf] pkgfd …JolytÚ /fv]sf] xf] . sljsf sljtf–ofqfsf] ;'?cft klg h]n–hLjgdf g} ePsf] xf] . slj Jolytsf g]kfnLefiff nueu – !^, g]jf/L efiffdf–$ / lxGbL efiffdf – $ sfJo k':tsx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . d]/f] hfgsf/L cg';f/ lxGbL efiffdf /lrt pxfFsf w]/} sljtfx¿ clxn] klg k|sfzgsf k|tLB|ffdf 5g\ .

lxGbL–efiffdf /lrt slj Jolytsf rf/ sljtf–;ª\u|x k|sflzt 5g\–

-!_ xdf/f b]zM xdf/f :jKg
-@_ clUg >[Ëf/
-#_ qoL /
-$_ t]j/ sljtfsf M ;Gbe{ cfhsf .

slj Jolytåf/f /lrt oL sfJox¿ lxGbL ;flxTosf cd"No lglw x'g\ / sljsf o; dxgLo of]ubfgnfO{ lxGbL–;flxTo hut\n] cfb/ / ;Ddfgk"j{s cFufn]sf] 5 . lxGbL–efiffdf /lrt sljsf pko'{Qm /rgfx¿df ;j{q xfdL o'u–af]w / sfnfg';/0fsf B|fdtf :j:y / ;d'Ggt ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf kfpF5f}+ .

sfJo–hLjgsf k|f/lDes sfndf slj lxGbLsf kGt, k|;fb, lg/fnf, dxfb]jL jdf{, aRrg / lbgs/ h:tf] ;flxTosf/x¿af6 k|efljt ePsf] b]lvG5 / pxfFsf k|f/lDes lxGbL sljtfx¿sf efj, efiff / z}nLdf lxGbL 5fofjfbL k|efj oqtq kfOG5 t/ slj JolQmTjsf lghTj / df}lnstf ;j{q ;'/lB|ft 5 .

sljsf ;Dk"0f{ lxGbL sfJo–/rgfx¿nfO{ s]nfpFbf k|s[lt, gf/L, b]z–k|]d / dfgj–k|]d cflb ljleGg ljifo cGtu{t ljeflht ug{ ;lsG5 t/ ;du| sljtfx¿sf s]Gb|Lo efj cWoog ubf{ d"n¿kdf dfgj / dfgjtf;Fu g} slj Xbo tbfsf/ ag]sf] b]lvG5 . Ps ;Rrf dfgjjfbL sljsf] ¿kdf xfd|f] ;fd' Pstf / ;dfgtfsf cfbz{ lnP/ pxfF pkl:yt x'g' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf k|s[lt–k|]d, gf/Lk|]d, /fi6«–k|]d ult ;zQm / kl/is[t 5, dfgj–k|]ddf klg TolQs} pbfQtf, Jofkstf / ulx/fO{ 5 . dfgj Pstf / dfgj–;dfgtf ljGb' 5 / dfgj Pstf / dfgj–;dfgtf pxfFsf sljtfsf k|d'v ;Gb]z .

sljsf …xdf/f b]zM xdf/f :jKgÚ zLif{s sljtf–;ª\u|x hLjgk|lt cfzf / cf:yf bzf{pF5 / xfdLnfO{ sd{sf k|]/0ffk|b ;Gb]z lbG5 . ;dfh, /fi6« / ljZj–sNof0fk|lt b[9 ;+sNk lnP/ pkof]uL /rgfx¿sf] dfWodaf6 sljn] u'g k|]/0ff, pd+u / pT;fx xfdLnfO{ lbPsf] 5, Tof] cToGt g} k|z+;gLo / kmnbfoL 5 . o; k':ts af/]df ljåfg\ 9'l08/fh e08f/LHo"sf] lgDg syg cToGt g} ;f/ule{t / dxTjk"0f{ l;4 x'G5 –ækf}?if s] slj Jolyt hLs] sfJo d]+ cjl:yt /fli6«o r]tgfs] efj–:km'ln+u cfsfzsL pmFrfOof]+ d]+ p8fg e/tf x'cf cGt d]+ dfgjtf s] ljzfn afx'kf; d]+ cfa4 xf]g]sf] cfdlGqt xf]tf x} .Æ

sfJofTdstfn] kl/k"0f{, kl/is[t efiffdf l;+ufl/Psf] oL sljtfx¿ /fli6«o efjgfnfO{ dfq xf]Og cGt/f{li6«o efjgfnfO{ ;d]t cFufNg k'u]sf 5g\ . ;zQm n]vgLåf/f /lrt oL sljtfx¿n] ;du| dfgj hfltsf kL8f, Joyf / cefju|:ttfsf dfld{s lrq b]vfP/ pbf/jfbL ;fdflhs r]tgfnfO{ ;zQmjf0fL lbPsf] 5 . ljåfg\ k|f]= cle ;'j]bLsf syg b|i6Jo 5 –æslj g] ckgL sljtfd]+ ;dsflns :yfgLo ljrf/ cf}/ efjsf] dfq JoQm xL gxL lsof x} clkt' p;d]+ ;Dk"0f{ dfgj ;] ;Da4 cyjf ;fj{ef}lds d"Nohlgt efjf]+sL cleJo+hgf eL sL x} .Æ

/fhgLlts cfGbf]ngaf6 ;f]´} ;Dks{ efPsf x'gfn] sljsf sltko sljtfx¿ ljb|f]xsf cfun] kl/k"0f{ klg 5g\ . O{=;+ !(*$ df k|sflzt …clUg >[Ëf/Ú sf ;"lQmx¿df sljsf cfqmf]zk"0f{ cleJolQmx¿ o'u wd{ / slj–wd{sf lgjf{xdf k"0f{tof ;kmn ePsf b]lvG5 . o; ;ª\u|xdf o'u hLjgdf dd{e]bL cleJo~hgf 5 h'g hLjgsf s6' ;TotfnfO{ lgle{stfk"j{s 9Ën] :ki6¿kdf elgPsf] 5 . cfqmf]z / qmflGtsf :j/sf ;fy} o; k|sf/sf /rgfx¿df xfdL h'g s7f]/ JoË kfpF5f}+ Tof] klg clåtLo xf] .

O{=;+= !(*( df /lrt sljsf c3'gftg lxGbL sfJo s[lt …t]j/ sljtfsfM ;Gbe{ cfhsfÚ zLif{s sljtf ;ª\u|xdf o'usf ljleGg ;d:ofx¿dfly uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ub}{ pgL o'uLg ;d:ofx¿ ;fdflhs–ljb|"ktf–ljs[ltx¿nfO{ cgfj[t u/]/ Pp6f :j:y ;dfh agfpgsf nflu lbzf lgb]{zg lbg'ePsf] 5 . oq–tq Joª\Uosf ;xf/f lnP/ o'u hLjgdf JofKt ljb|"ktfx¿af6 pTkGg sl7g ;afnx¿sf :ki6 / bf]–b"s hafa lbPsf] 5 . t;y{ sljdf Joª\Uo r]tgf klg kof{Kt ¿kdf pj{/ /x]sf] s'/f o; ;ª\u|xsf cg]sfg]s Joª\Uok/s sljtfx¿af6 k|i6 x'G5 . :juL{o k|f]km];/ 8f= s[i0frGb| ld>sf dGtJo o; ;ª\u|x af/]df cToGt pNn]vgLo 5 –

æJolyt hL s] O; go] sfJo–;°ng …t]j/ sljtf sfM ;Gbe{ cfhsfÚ d]+ sljsL O{dfgbf/ ;[hgzLntf cf}/ ;fdflhs bfloTjsf af]w Ps ;fy kl/nlB|ft xf]t] x}+ . oxfF o'u ;Gbe{ d]+ hLjg cf}/ hut s] gP pe/t] ;jfnf]+ k/ zfnLgtf ;] ljrf/ lsof uof x} . … oxfF cfw'lgs goL sljtf sL ;jf{lws Jofks k|j[lQ Joª\Uo eL df}h"b x} . du/ Joª\uf]lqmsfb+z …clUg >[+uf/Ú sL efFlt bfxs gxL+ x} .Æ

slj Jolyt Ps ;zQm /fli6«o sljsf] ¿kdf b]vf kg'{ x'G5 t/ pxfFsf /fli6«otfdf st} klg ;+sL{0ftf 5}g a? Jofks /fli6«o efjgf b]lvG5 h;df ;Dk"0f{tf / Jofks b[li6sf]0f b]lvG5 . jf:tjdf /fli6«otf eg]sf] /fi6«sf Pp6f B|f]q ju{ Pp6f hflt jf Pp6f wd{ ljz]if g eP/ l;+u} g]kfn xf] – d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd, t/fO{b]lv kxf8;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ e"–efu . /fli6«otfsf ;xL kxrfg k|:t't ub}{ sljn] eg]sf x'g\–

æ/fi6«Lotfsf hLjGt b[i6fGt s] ¿k d]+
k|:t't s/ ;st] x}+ xd dfgjLo z/L/ sf] xL .
t'd ckgL xL b]x s] ls;L efu k/ ;"O{ r'df] s/ tf] b]vf],
tTsfn z/L/ s] ;+k"0f{ efusf] ;dfg ¿k d]+ xf]uL
j]bgf sL cg'e"lt .Æ

otL dfq xf]Og /fi6« k|]dsf Jofks B|F]qdf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjtfnfO{ / ljZj aGw'Tjsf efjgfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ pbf/dgf sljsf pbfQ efjgf o; k|sf/ km'6]sf] 5 –

s?0ff, B|fdf Pj+ ;dtf cflb sL
;3gtd zfvfcf]+ cf}/
/fi6«–k|]d s]
d"njfn] ljzfn hLjg j[B|fsf]
wf/0ff s/g] d]+ ;B|fd xf]+
xd ;a Û
;fy–;fy
p;L d]+ lvnt] eL /x]
k"/L dfgjtf
…;j]{ ejGt' ;'lvgM sL xL
k+lQmofF b'x/ftL x'O{ .Æ

–…qoLÚ k[= –#@

sljsf] cg';f/ xfd|f] b]zsf] k|frLg ul/dfdo Oltxf; /x]sf] 5 / To; uf}/jdo Oltxf;sf pRrtfnfO{ sfod /fVg] / c´ pFrfO{;Dd k'Ug] / k'¥ofpg] xfd|f] k"0f{ k|of; x'g'k5{–

æxd]+ uj{ x}
ls pmFrfOof]+ d]+
hGd n]s/ cf}/
pFrfOof]+ d]+xL kns/
lkm/ pmFrfOof] d]+ xL
;dfKt xf]g]jfnL
xdf/L lgolt
cToGt k|zl:tk"0f{ x} .Æ

–…qoLÚ, k[= –!^

slj Jolytsf k|f/lDesb]lv cw'gftg lxGbL sfJo /rgfx¿nfO{ t'ngfTds b[li6n] x]bf{ sljsf gjLgtd /rgfx¿df j}rfl/s k|f}9tf / snfTds kl/isf/ a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . sljsf oL /rgfx¿df ljifo B|f]q lj:t[t / Jofks 5 ;fy} hLjgsf k|To]s kB|fnfO{ lrlqt u/]/ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf dfgj–hLjgnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|s[ltsf ;fy} gf/L, k|0fo, k|]d, >[Ëf/ b]zk|]dsf ;fy} dfgj–hLjg / dfgjtfjfb g} oL cfw'lgs sljtfx¿sf d'Vo ljifo x'g\ . t/ cfˆgf] pQ/atL{ /rgfx¿df pxfFsf dfgjjfbL r]tgf qmdzM kl/kSj / kl/is[t eP/ cTolws k|an, ulx/f] / Jofks ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf] b]vfk5{ . …;j]{ ejGt' ;'lvgMÚ sf kljq efjgf lnP/ cfhsf o'usf dfu / cfjZostfg'¿k vl08t dfgjtfnfO{ Ps–;"qdf afFWg] k|of;df slj ;tt\ k|oTgzLn ePsf] b]vf kg'{ x'G5 . o; j}rfl/s kl/kSjtf / qmdzM a9\b} uPsf] pbfQ efjgfnfO{ bzf{pg Pp6f pbfx/0f kof{Kt xf]nf .

o;/L sljsf of] efjgf qmdzM Jofkstfsf r/d pTsif{;Dd k'Ub} uPsf] b]lvG5 . ædg'ioM p;sf k|hfklt ¿kÆ zLif{s cfˆgf] gjLgtd sljtfdf sljsf b[9 cf:yfjfbL Xbo dg'ionfO{ b]jtf / w/tLnfO{ g} :ju{ agfpg] lbzfdf b[9 ;+sNk lnP/ ;dlk{t ePsf] b]lvG5 . sljsf] cg';f/ dfgjg} cfkm"df ;b\u'0fx¿df ljsf; u/]/ b]jtf aGg ;S5 / o;} w/tLnfO{ ;a} k|sf/n] :j:y / ;d'Ggt agfP/ :ju{ agfpg ;Sb5f}+ .

xfd|f] ;dfhdf w]/} ljs[ltx¿, lj;Ëltx¿ 5g\ t/ oL lj;Ëltx¿af6 xfdL 8/fpg x'Fb}g, knfogjfbL x'g' x'Fb}g . sd{jfbL eP/ ;dfhsf uGbuLnfO{ x6fpg' k5{, cfˆgf] ;Tk|of;af6, cfkm"df ;b\u'0fx¿df ljsf; u/]/ o;} w/tLnfO{ :ju{ agfpg]tkm{ k|of; ug'{ k5{ .

;f/f+ztM /rgf–kl/df0fsf b[li6n] / efj, efiff, z}nLsf b[li6af6 klg sljsf nfdf] sfJo–;fwgf pxfFsf cB|f'00f / ;B|fd slj–k|ltefsf kl/rfos xf] . slj Jolytsf sljtfx¿sf cleJolQmkB|f hlt ;'Gb/, kl/is[t / kl/dflh{t 5, snf–kB|f klg TolQs} ;B|fd 5 . sfNklgstf, nfB|fl0fstf, k|tLsfTdstf, ;f+s]ltstf, lrqfTdstf cflb k|j[lQ xfdL pxfFsf sfJo–snfdf kfpF5f}+ . efiff k|foM ;+:s[t – lgi7 b]lvG5 .

xfd|f ;dfhnfO{ ;Tod\, lzjd\, ;'Gb/d\sf h'g cd/ ;Gb]z pxfFn] lxGbL sfJo–/rgfx¿sf dfWodaf6 k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] 5, j;'w}j s'6'Dasdsf h'g cf]h:jL z+vgfb pxfFn] ug'{ePsf] 5, xfdL ;a} To;sf] sb/ ug'{k5{ . slj Jolytsf lxGbL sfJos[ltx¿ lgs} nf]slk|o / k|z+l;t ePsf 5g\ / lxGbL ;flxTohutnfO{ clee"t u/]sf 5g\ .

j}rfl/s ;"B|dtf, sNkgfsf lj/f6tf, efjgfsf tLj|tf / ;hLj, ;k|f0f j0f{gfTdstfn] sljsf sfJos[ltx¿nfO{ ljlzi6tf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . s'g} jfb jf ljrf/wf/fsf ;°'lrt 3]/fleq c6fpg g;Sg] sljsf k|ltefjfg JolStTjn] dfgjtfsf ljzfn B|f]q cf]u6]sf] 5 / df}lnstfsf ;fy cfˆgf] ljlzi6 slj JolQmTjsf kl/ro lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;flxTo / g]jf/L ;flxTo h:t} lxGbL ;flxTodf klg pxfFsf] :yfg ;b}j ;'/lB|ft /xg] 5 . lgZro g} e"–dfgj–sNof0fsf nflu sljåf/f k|bQ ;Gb]z clegGbgLo 5, cg's/0fLo 5 .

uLt n]vg

!= uLlt n]vgnfO{ ;flxTosf] pj{/ ljwf dflgg] sljtf ljwfaf6 cnUofP/ s;/L kl/eflift ug{;lsG5 < sljtfaf6 of] n]vgnfO{ 5'6\ofpg] ;xh af6f] s'g x'g;Sb5 <

@= uLt n]vg snfnfO{ ;flxTosf cGo ljwfx¿sf] t'ngfdf s'g ¿kdf x]l/G5 < of] n]vgL s:tf] lsl;dsf] ;flxTo xf] <

#= æPp6f c;n slj lalu|of] eg] uLtsf/ aGb5Æ eGg] Pp6f egfO / æPp6f uLtsf/ lalu|of] eg] slj aGb5Æ eGg] csf]{ sygaLr jfb–k|ltjfbdf s] s:tf] ;Totf 5 <

$= uLt l;h{gfdf nfu]sfx¿ o;}df dfq ;Lldt g/x]/ cGo ;flxlTos ofqflt/ a9L dfqfdf pGd'v ePsf kfOG5 . ;flxlTos B|f]qdf uLlt ;flxTosf] eljiok|lt bl/nf] ljZjf; geP/} xf] t <

%= cfhsf] uLlt n]vgdf k|]d, jf;gf, dfofk|Llt / o:tf] k|sf/sf dfgjLo ;Dj]bgfx¿df dfq uLtsf/x¿ s]lGb|t ePsf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . o;f] x'Fbf uLlt ;flxTosf] bfo/f v'lDrb} hfg] t xf]Og <

^= uLtsf/x¿ :jtGq / df}lns uLt n]vgnfO{ 5f]8]/ lkmNdL syfdf cfwfl/t pQ]hgfk"0f{ uLt n]vglt/ nfUbf Pp6f /fd|f] uLtdf x'g'kg]{ tTjx¿ kf7sn] s;/L kfpg ;Sb5g\ eGg] ck]B|ff /fVg] <

/Tgzdz]/ yfkf

!= uLt n]vg 5'§} ljwf geP/ sljtf ljwfs} Pp6f cleGg cË xf] . o;nfO{ sljtfaf6 k"0f{¿kdf cnUofpg ;ls+b}g . km/s olt xf] ls sljtfdf kª\lQmsf], nfOgsf] aGwg x'Fb}g, uLtdf x'G5 . uLt nfdf] eof] eg] To;df dL7f; x'Fb}g . sljtfdf 5Gbsf] kjf{x x'Fb}g t/ uLtdf 5Gb, no cflb Vofn ug}{k5{ . of] ;a} uLtdf ePdfq ;ËLt ldN5, ufog ldN5 . uLtsf] wd{ ufogdf x'G5 / sljtfsf] jfrgdf x'G5 . :j/, ;ËLtsf ;fy;fy} u]ofTdstf klg x'g'k5{ uLtdf sljtf dl:tis;Fu / uLt Xbo;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . cyf{t\, sljtf af}l4stf 5fF6\g kfOG5 . t/, uLtdf To;f] geO{ ;/ntf / efjgfTds ;f}Gbo{ x'g'k5{ .

@= uLt n]vgnfO{ ;flxTosf cGo ljwfx¿sf] t'ngfdf eGg'kbf{ x]osf] b[li6n] x]l/G5 / Hofb} ;:tf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . of] n]vgdf ;flxTosf/x¿n] cGofoLefj b]vfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . of] /fd|f] xf]Og . sljtf, syf, lgaGweGbf w]/} ufx|f] 5 uLt n]Vg . uLt ulx/fOdf k'u]/dfq l;lh{G5 . of] cy{k"0f{ x'G5 / sljtf;Fu glhs klg /xG5 . uLt n]Vg];Fu tfn, no, ;ËLt, cflb ;a}sf] 1fg x'g cfjZos 5 . oL s'/fsf] ;a}df 1fg x'g' lgZro g} ;Dej 5}g . To;}n], cfkm'n] g;s]/ c¿n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cfnf]rgf ug]{ cx+jfbn] ubf{ uLtsf/x¿ c¿af6 x]lkPsf 5g\ .

#= sf]xL lalu|P/ s]xL aGg] xf]Og . oL egfOdf ;Totf 5}g . g t slj lalu|P/ uLtsf/ aGg ;Sb5, g t uLtsf/ lalu|P/ slj . hf] h] ag] klg d]xgtn] aGg] xf] . Pp6f sljn] uLt n]Vg ;Sb5 t/ uLtsf/n] sljtf n]Vg ;S5 g} eGg] x'Fb}g . sljn] klg xfdLsxfF uLt n]v]sf 5g\ / uLtsf/n] klg sljtf n]v]sf 5g\ . slj uLtsf/ ePsfx¿ w]/} 5g\ t/ uLtsf/ slj ePsf yf]/} 5g\ . xfd|f clwsf+z uLtsf/x¿ slj 5g\ . jf:tjdf eGg'kbf{ Xbodf efjgf geO{ sf]xL s]xL aGg ;Sb}g .

$= ;flxTo Hofb} km/flsnf] 5 . ;flxTosf/x¿ klg km/flsnf] bfo/fdf :jR5Gb¿kdf ljr/0f ug{ rfxG5g\ . o;}sf] k|ltkmn xf] Pp6} JolQmn] w]/} ljwfdf xft xfNg' . uLtsf/x¿ klg uLlt n]vgdf dfq gnfu]/ c¿ ljwfdf klg nfu]sf 5g\ . uLlt B|F]qdf nfu]/ dfq} ;flxlTos pGglt x'Fb}g . To;}n] of] B|f]qdf nfu]sfx¿ cGo ljwflt/ klg pGd'v ePsf x'g\ . xf], uLtsf/df bl/nf] ljZjf;sf] cefj klg 5 . uLtdf dfq ;Lldt x'Fbf uLtsf] Jofkstf klg cGo ljwfsf] h:tf] eO;s]sf] 5}g . uLt k|sfzg eP/ dfq To;sf] cy{ /xFb}g, of] t ufogdf e/ k5{ . o;sf nflu w]/} ´0´6x¿ kf/ ug'{k5{ . ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] cefj, ;dosf] cefjsf sf/0f klg of] ljwfsf] eljio TolQ pHHjn b]lvb}g . cfTdljZjf;sf] sdL klg plQs} 5 xfdL;Fu . oL ;a} s'/f g} uLlt ljwfsf] pGgltsf afws alg/x]sf 5g\ .

%= xfd|f] hLjgdf lg/Gt/ rNg] s'/fx¿ g} k|]d, jf;gf / dfofk|Llt x'g\ . o;sf/0f klg n]vgdf s]xL a9L k|efj o:t} s'/fx¿sf] k5{ . t/ b]zelQm, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ cflbdf klg w]/} uLt n]lvPsf / rn]sf klg 5g\ . bfo/fnfO{ jftfj/0fn] afFw]sf]] v'lDrPsf] h:tf] b]lvPsf] dfq xf] . hlt v'nf jftfj/0f aGb5 TolQ g} B|f]q a9\b5 . clxn] uLlt B|f]qsf] Jofkstf a9\b}5 . uLt eGg' g} :jo+df ;Dj]bgf xf] . dfgjLo ;Dj]bgf geO{ t sf]xL n]vs klg uLtsf/ x'g} ;Sb}g . l;h{gf /fd|f] x'g ;Dj]bgf x'g}k5{ .

^= uLtsf/x¿n] :jtGq / df}lns n]vgnfO{ 5f]8\g' x'Fb}g . lkmNdL uLtdf klg of] s'/f nfu" x'G5 g} . slxn] sxL+ lkmNdsf] syfj:t'n] uLtsf/nfO{ afFWg ;S5 t/ uLtsf/n] Tof];Fu n8\g ;Sg'k5{ . pQ]hgfk"0f{ n]vg / clZnntfaf6 1fg kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ck]B|ff /fVg ;lsFb}g . afWotfdf uLt n]Vg' eg]sf] nf]enfnrdf kg'{ xf] . To;f] ePdf uLtsf/ abgfd x'G5 / p;sf] eljio cGwsf/ aGb5 . l;4fGt, p2]Zo / :t/ cfkm}+n] sfod ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . Pp6f /fd|f] uLtsf/n] sbflk cfˆgf] v'§fdf cfkm}+n] a~r/f] xfGb}g . ;:tf] nf]slk|otf l6sfp x'Fb}g . dflg;sf kL8f–j]bgf, k|]d, dfofk|Llt, /fli6«otf, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ cflbsf s'/fx¿ g} uLtsf :yfoL tTjx¿ x'g\ .

sfnLk|;fb l/hfn

!= sljtf / uLtdf s]xL xb;Dd ;dfgtf 5 / s]xL xb;Dd c;dfgtf klg 5 . xfd|f kf}/fl0fs u|Gyx¿nfO{ x]bf{ cGt/ kfO{Fb}g . dxfef/t, >Ldb\efujt uLtf j]bh:tf u|Gyx¿df uLt / sljtf 5'l§b}g . /fdfo0fnfO{ uLlt Sof;]6df ptfl/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ s] eGg] < t/ hab]lv sljtfn] 5Gb, no / nflnTo 5f]8\of]= ToxLaf6 uLt / sljtfdf km/s cfof] . clxn] sljtfdf ljrf/, efjgf / cleJolQmnfO{ hf]8 lbg yflnPsf] 5 . sljtfdfeGbf uLtdf a9L nflnTo, nofTdstf / cg'k|f; x'G5, ;/ntf x'G5 . sljtfdf o:tf s'/fx¿ ;a} x/fP / t/ uLtdf sfod 5g\ . sljtf lSni6 / ul/i7 x'G5, uLtdf o:tf] x'g'x'Fb}g .

@= uLtsf] ;DaGw nf]s;Fu x'G5 . nf]sn] cfˆgf] efjgf uLtsf dfWodaf6 cleJoQm ub{5g\ . ;flxTosf cGo ljwfeGbf uLt hgd'vL x'G5 . tNnf]:t/df k'Ug ;s]sf] x'Fb}g, of] clehfTodf dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] x'G5 . ul/ax¿n] gk9]sf x'g;S5g\ . t/, u/Lasf] ljifodf n]lvPsf] Pp6f uLt pgLx¿;Dd k'u]sf] x'G5 . To;sf/0f uLt cfd hgtf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .

#= ;flxlTos B|f]qsf] ;Ddflgt klqsf …dw'ks{Ú n] o:tf] k|Zg ug'{ plrt xf]Og . ;flxTosf] s'g} B|f]qdf nfu]/ s'g} JolQm lalu|G5 eg] Tof] p;sf] :t/xLgtfsf sf/0f lalu|G5 . To:tf] JolQm c;n ;flxTosf/ x'g ;Sb}g . b]jsf]6f d'gfdbg n]v]/ lalu|P ls ;lk|P < dfwj l3ld/], uLt n]v]/ lalu|P ls ;lk|P < xl/j+z /fo aRrg uLt n]v]/ lalu|P ls ;lk|P < To;sf/0f h'g JolQmdf leqL u'bL 5}g, Tof] JolQmdf dfq o:tf] x'G5 . cfkm"leq ;flxlTos k|ltef / k|j[lQ 5 eg] To;n] h] n]v] klg lalu|b}g . b]jsf]6fn] lgaGw klg n]v], pgsf lgaGwn] sqf] Voflt sdfP . ;flxlTos ;zQmtf, ljrf/ / k|j[lQ x'g]n] h'g ljwfdf snd rnfpg klg ;S5 . ljwf eGg' t ;flxlTos tTj dfq xf] . k|ltef cleJolQmsf] dfWod xf] . h;sf] p8fg hlt 5 pm Tolt p8\g ;S5 . xfF;sf] p8fg / lrnsf] p8fg Ps} x'Fb}g . hf] JolQm slgs'yL n]vgdf cfPsf] x'G5, pm lalu|G5 . k|ltef ePsf] slxNo} lalu|b}g . ljwf eGg] ;'ljwf cg';f/ 5fGg] xf] . ljwf 5fGg' dxTjk"0f{ xf]Og, k|ltef dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] .

$= ;flxlTos ljwfx¿ ;a} p:t} x'g\ . s;n] s'g ljwf ;dfpg] eGg] p;sf] OR5f / :j]R5fdf lge{/ x'G5 . pmleqsf] snfsf] cleJoQm ug]{ dfWod ;h{sn] cfˆgf] ;'ljwfn] /f]Hg] xf] . sljtf n]Vg g;s]/ uLt n]Vg] jf uLt n]Vg g;s]/ sljtf n]Vg] eGg] xf]Og . k|ltef gePsfn] h] ljwf ;dft] klg pm dfly p7\g ;Sb}g . h'g ljwfdf nfu] klg p;n] sdfn ul/lbof] eg] Tof] ;flxTonfO{ bl/nf] 6]jf x'G5 .

%= of] e|fdstfdf cfwfl/t 5 . h] klg ufOlbPkl5 uLt eOxfN5 eGg] wf/0ff 5 . jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] oxL wf/0ffn] ubf{ xfd|f] ;flxTodf uLltB|f]q kl5k/]sf] xf] . xfd|} l5d]sL d'n'sdf x]/f}+ g uLlt ljwf slt cufl8 5 . t/ xfdLsxfF eg] ufpFb}df uLt eOxfN5 . k|0fo, >[Ëf/, /lt/fu, ;f}Gbo{af]w h:tf s'/fx¿ uLtsf dxTjk"0f{ kB|f x'g\ . t/ oltdfq} uLt xf]Og . cGo d'n'sdf ;flxlTos uLt / cGo uLtdf km/s x]l/G5 . n]vs klg leGg} x'G5g\ . uLlt ;flxlTos ljwf / cGo uLlt n]vgdf w]/} km/s 5 . B|f]q g} leGg} eGbf klg x'G5 t/ xfdLsxfF ;a} Ps} 5 . Pp6f c;flxlTos dfG5]n] lkmNdL uLt n]Vg ;S5 t/ ;flxlTos uLt n]Vg ;Sb}g . dfofk|Lltafx]s cGo uLtx¿ klg /fd|f x'G5g\ . d uLlt ljwfnfO{ ;flxlTos ljwfsf ¿kdf x]/]/ n]V5' . lkmNdL uLt / ;flxlTos uLtsf] a]Un} d"Nof°g x'g'k5{ .

^= uLtsf/ ePkl5 uLt n]lvlbg';\ eGb} lkmNdsf dfG5]x¿ cfpF5g\ . ;fyLx¿ klg x'G5g\ of] nfOgdf . afWo eP/ klg n]Vg' k5{ . /]l8of], Pkm= Pd=, 6]lnlehg cflbn] uLtsf/nfO{ Psk};f lb+b}gg\, l;Q}+df uLt ahfpF5g\ . kmfObf pgLx¿n] vfG5g\ . lkmNdsf] dfG5] cfP/ olt lbG5' n]lvb]p eGbf s] ug]{ < uLtsf/sf] gfd} gegL uLt ahfpg] cj:yf xfd|f ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] 5 eg] lkmNddf cfu|x u/]/ n]vfOG5 . To;/L n]Vg' / k};f lng' kfk xf]Og . t/ cfˆgf] d"nwf/af6 knfog eP/ To:tf uLt n]V5 eg] Tof] uDeL/ s'/f xf] . Tof] /fd|f] xf]Og . sltko uLtsf/x¿ cd/ uLt n]v]/ klg cfkm" lhpFb} d/]sf 5g\ . t/ ufpg]x¿ d/]/ klg afFr]sf 5g\ . dg]{x¿ of] b]zdf afFr]sf 5g\ / afFRg]x¿ dl//x]sf 5g\ . ;flxTosf/x¿ eg]sf sf/vfgfsf oGq xf]Ogg\ . Pp6f d]lzg h:tf] p;af6 ck]B|ff /fVg' / p;nfO{ bfo/fdf /fv]/ o:tf] dfq n]v eG5 eg] Tof] lgd{d ljrf/ xf] . ;|i6fx¿ klg ;dfhk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'k5{ . ;flxTosf/x¿sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ jftfj/0f aGg'k5{, :yflkt ljGb' x'g'k5{ .

>Lk'?if 9sfn

!= sljtf / uLt b'j} ljwf zAbsf v]n x'g\ . sljtfdf efiffsf] ljlzi6 k|of]u x'G5 . cyf{t\ sljtfdf ;/n / lSni6 b'j} zAbsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5, t/ uLtdf ;/n zAbsf] k|of]u cfjZos x'G5 . ;/n zAbsf] k|of]u ul/Psf uLt dfq ;kmn ePsf 5g\ hjls sljtfdf hlt lSni6 zAbx¿ k|of]u ug{ ;Sof] TolQ g} ;kmn dflgG5 . uLtdf u]otf, nofTdstf lgtfGt cfjZos tTj x'G5g\ eg] sljtfdf oL tTjx¿ geP klg x'G5 . uLtsf] :yfoL efudf ;Dk"0f{ uLtsf] ;f/ k|ikm'6 x'G5 / cGt/f efudf To;} s'/fnfO{ k'li6 ul/G5 . :yfoL / cGt/f efusf aLr sfo{ / sf/0fsf] ;DaGw x'G5 . t/, sljtfdf o:tf] x'Fb}g . s'g} tnfpdf 9'Ëf xfGbf lgl:sPsf] t/Ë uLt xf] h'g k/ lsgf/f;Dd k'U5 / k'gM kmls{P/ s]Gb|d} cfpF5 . ha ls sljtf eg]sf] rflxF vf]nfdf 9'Ëf xfGbf lgl:sPsf] t/Ë xf], h'g k/k/ vf]nfsf] w]/} k/;Dd k'u]sf] x'G5 .

@= uLt n]vgsnfnfO{ ;flxTosf cGo ljwfx¿sf] t'ngfdf x]g]{ ;DaGwdf o;} eGg ;ls+b}g . c? ljwfsf ;|i6fx¿nfO{ klg ;f]Wg' kg]{ x'G5 . t/ uLt ;flxTosf] ;aeGbf pTs[i6 ljwf xf] . cfh hgtfdf ;flxTosf cGo ljwfsf] t'ngfdf uLlt ljwfn] l56f] / ulx/f] k|efj kfb{5 . of] ljwfdf dfgjLo ;Dj]bgfx¿ af]lnPsf n]lvPsf x'G5g\ hf] ;dfhdf b}lgs hLjg;Fu k|ToB|f ¿kdf hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . o;sf/0f klg uLlt ljwfn] ;a} k|sf/sf kf7sx¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ;s]sf] xf] .

#= ;flxTosf/ eg]sf ;fFrf] cy{df Clifd'lg x'g\ . pgLx¿ s'g} klg l;4fGt, jfb / ljrf/af6 d'Qm, :jR5Gb / k|s[t x'G5g\ . t/ b'ef{Uojz cfhsn ;flxTosf/x¿df s[ltdtf / kfv08Lkg df}nfpFb} uPsf] kfOg yflnPsf] 5 . Ps csf{aLr ;f}xfb|{ / ;lxi0f' x'g'kg]{df cfqmfdstf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . d dfq /fd|f] / d]/f] ljwf dfq :t/Lo 5 eGg] cx+kgf a9\g' lgZro klg /fd|f] xf]Og . ;+;f/sf ;a} ;[li6 cfˆg} lsl;dsf ;'Gb/ x'G5g\ . ;f}Gbo{nfO{ bfFHg' sl7g sfo{ xf] . ;flxTo cfkm}F ;'Gb/ 5, o;nfO{ klg bfFHg sl7g x'G5 . sf]xL lalu|of] eg] t To;sf] cl:tTj g} d]l6G5 lg ;|i6f lalu|P/ ljwf kl/jt{g x'g] ljwf ;lk|g] eGg] xf]Og .

$= uLlt l;h{gfdf nfu]sfx¿ dfq xf]Ogg\ cGo ljwfdf nfu]sfx¿n] klg km/s–km/s ljwfdf xft xfn]sf] kfOG5 . uLlt ;flxTosf] eljiok|lt s'g} z°f 5}g . a? cGo ljwfx¿sf kf7sx¿ 36\g ;S5g\ uLlt ljwfdf t lbgfg'lbg al9/x]sf 5g\ . dflg;sf] lha|f]–lha|f]df / w8\sg–w8\sgdf uLtn] cf;g hdfPsf] x'G5 . uLlt ;flxTosf] eljio cGo ;flxlTos ljwfx¿sf] eGbf sd pHHjn 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf eljiok|lt ljZjf; geP/ s;/L eGg] < of] t s]jn ;flxTosf/sf] ?lr / ;lqmotfsf] cfwf/df lge{/ x'G5 .

%= ;+;f/df k|]dafx]s t s]xL klg 5}g . k|]d s]Gb|ljGb' xf] eg] jf;gf, dfofk|Llt, /fu, å]if, O{iof{ cflb–OToflb k|]dsf] jl/kl/ 3'ld/xg] rqm x'g\ . uLtdf dfq xf]Og, cGo ljwfdf klg k|]dafx]s c?yf]s s] e]l§G5 / Û cflv/ of] ;+;f/ klg t k|]ds} jl/kl/ 3'ld/x]sf] t 5 lg . ;+;f/af6 k|]d l´lslbg] xf] eg] ;+;f/, ;+;f/ g} /xFb}g . of] ljZjJofkL 5 . ljZjJofkL ljifoj:t'df cfl>t n]vgsf] bfo/f v'lDrg] k|Zg} p7\b}g .

^= lkmNdL syfdf cfwfl/t uLt n]Vb}df uLtdf x'g'kg]{ tTjx¿ gePsf] sf/0fn] kf7sn] cyjf >f]tfx¿n] ;Gt'li6 lng g;Sg] s'/f 5}g . lkmNddf uLt n]Vg] uLtsf/x¿n] df}lns uLt n]vgnfO{ 5f]8]sf x'Fb}gg\ . lkmNdL uLtx¿df klg ;a}df g} pQ]hgf / pR5[ª\vntf dfq x'G5 eGg] x'Fb}g . lkmNdL uLtx¿ klg :t/xLg g} x'g'k5{ jf x'G5g\ eGg] xf]Og . sltko lkmNdL uLtx¿ df}lns ultx¿eGbf :t/Lo kfOPsf 5g\ . s] syf n]Vg]n] jf pkGof; n]Vg]n] klg ;w}+ Ps} k|sf/sf dfq n]V5 / < /fd|f uLtsf sf/0f sltko lkmNdx¿ pTs[i6 ePsf pbfx/0fx¿ xfdLsxfF dfq geP/ cGo d'n'sx¿df klg kfOG5 .