Madhuparka (Mullekh (Nepal) )

s[i0f zfx æofqLÆlrgf/L / kl/efiff
xjfO{ klqsfsf] ljz]iftf / p2]Zo
xjfO{ klqsfsf] If]q M
xjfO{ klqsfsf] k|sfzg / ljifoa:t'
g]kfndf xjfO{ klqsfsf] ljsf; / l:ylt
;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

g]kfnL ;flxTodf xjfO{ klqsf / o;sf ljljw kIfx¿

g]kfnL ;flxlTos klqsfsf] :ki6 Oltxf;, wf/0ff / dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . ;flxlTos klqsfs} Pp6f k|sf/ xf] ;flxlTos xjfO{ klqsf t/ o;sf] kl/ro / d"Nof°g eg] g]kfnL ;flxTodf c´} x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

kqklqsf ;lhn} pknAw x'g g;Sg] b'u{d / kxf8L e]udf ;d]t ;lhn} k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . s'l07t tyf cj;/ gkfPsf ;flxlTos k|ltefx¿n] k|f]T;fxg kfpg] z;St dfWod klg ePsf]n] lxhf] cfh xjfO{ klqsfx¿ lbg k|ltlbg nf]slk|o x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . cfhsf] Jo:t ;dfhsf kf7sx¿ 5f]6f], ld7f] /rgfx¿k|ltsf] a9\bf] dfudf xjfO{ klqsfaf6 s]xL xb;Dd eP klg k"lt{ ePs} 5 .

xjfO{ klqsf, ;flxlTos klqsfs} Pp6f k|sf/ ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ c´ /fd|/L k|i6\ofpg ;lsG5 .

cfsf/sf] lx;fan] xjfO{ klqsf ;a}eGbf yf]/} ;fdu|L c6fpg] klqsf xf] .

xjfO{ klqsfsf] kl/efiff oxL g} xf] eg]/ pNn]v ePsf] kfOFb}g / o;k|lt s'g} lglZrt kfl/eflifs dfGotf klg /x]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ slxn]sfxL+ o;sf] kl/ro / cy{df g} c:ki6 / e|d v8f eO{ k|sfzgdf klg q'l6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . xfn;Ddsf k|sflzt clwsf+z xjfO{ klqsfx¿sf] cWoog / xjfO{ ;flxTo k|wfg klqsf …xjfO{ ;+udÚ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ xjfO{ klqsfsf] kl/efiff lgDg /x]sf] kfOG5 .

o clwsf+z kf7sx¿n] x'nfs dfkm{t k|fKt ug]{ xjfO{ kq ;Dk|]lift klqsf g} xjfO{ klqsf xf] .

o ;flxlTos Pj+ ljljw n3' /rgfx¿ -/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o_ ;ª\u|lxt klqsf g} xjfO{ klqsf xf] .

o xjfO{ dfu{åf/f b'u{d e]udf ;d]t oyfzL3| k'Ug] x'nfs kqdf 5flkPsf] klqsf g} xjfO{ klqsf xf] .

kl/efiff lbg] qmddf rf}tf/f] xjfO{ klqsfsf ;Dkfbs Pj+ n3'syfsf/ ljgos'df/ s;h' eGg'x'G5 –æ:yfgfefj x'g] ePsf]n] ;Dk|]if0fLo z}nLdf yf]/} :yfgdf w]/} s'/fnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ xjfO{ kqdf 5flkPsf] klqsf g} xjfO{ klqsf xf] .Æ

xjfO{kqdf g} 5flkPsf] klqsfnfO{ dfq xjfO{ klqsfsf] kl/efiffleq c6fpg ldNg] s'/fdf …k|jfxsf] ;Dkfbs sfzL/fd la/;, …pkxf/Ú sf ;Dkfbs 5q lIflth, …sfFr'nLÚsf ;Dkfbs /fdrGb| g]kfn, OGb|]0fLsf ;Dkfbs l6sf/fd pbf;L, …nfjf laxfgÚ ;Dkfbs s[i0f/fh ;j{xf/L / …k|f]T;fxgÚsf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs gjLg ;°Nk klg ;xdt x'g'x'G5 .

xjfO{ klqsfsf] ljz]iftf / p2]Zo

xjfO{ klqsfsf] d'Vo ljz]iftf eGg' g} of] ;lhn} xftn] tyf x'nfs dfkm{t k7fpg ;Sg' xf] . 5f]6f] ;dodf g} of] k9\g ;lsG5 ;fy} ;fgf] cfsf/df klg ;flxTosf ljljw ljwf -n3'syf, sljtf, d'Sts, uhn, uLt, kq ;flxTo, k|ltdf kl/ro, ;DkfbsLo cflb_ ;d]l6Psf] x'gfn] o;af6 ;Gt'li6 lng ;lsG5 . b'u{d e]sdf ;d]t ;lhn} k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] jflif{s z'Ns klg yf]/} x'g], k|sfzg ug{ w]/} ufx|f] gx'g] h:tf s'/fx¿ klg o;sf pNn]Vo ljz]iftf x'g\ .

xjfO{ klqsfx¿sf] -clwsf+z_ k|j]zf° x]bf{ o;sf] k|sfzgsf] p2]Zodf d'Vo gjk|ltefnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{, :yfgLo:t/df ;flxlTos kl/j]z / jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{, ;flxlTos ;d"x u7g ug'{, ;flxlTos lqmofsnfkdf ;lqmotf a9fpg', b'u{d e]udf ;flxlTos cefj k"lt{ ug'{, ;flxlTos JolStTj;Fu ;Dks{ ug'{ g} /x]sf] kfOG5 .

o;afx]s gjk|ltef / cu|h ;flxTosf/aLrsf] b"/L sd u/fO{ ;'–;DaGw agfpg] dfWod aGg] tyf ;flxTodf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] klg p2]Zo /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

xjfO{ klqsfsf] If]q M

xjfO{ klqsfsf] If]q a[xt\ eP klg cfkm\g} b]zdf dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] kfOG5 cyf{t\ o;sf kf7sx¿ ToxL b]zdf dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] x'G5 . t/ o;sf jf:tljs If]q ljZjsf h'g;'s} /fi6« klg x'g ;S5 . xjfO{ klqsfsf] If]qsf] cfwf/df o;nfO{ b'O{ efudf laefhg ug{ ;lsG5 .

-s_ /fli6«o xjfO{ klqsf
-v_ cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ klqsf

cfkm\g} b]zleq k7fOg] cfGtl/s xjfO{ kqdf 5flkPsf] tyf b]zleqsf lhNnfx¿df dfq k7fOg] xjfO{ klqsfx¿ /fli6«o xjfO{ klqsfsf] ¿kdf dfGo 5g\ / o;sf] If]q a9Ldf b'O{j6f /fi6« x'g;S5 . o;} u/L b]zaflx/ k7fOg] afXo xjfO{ kqdf 5flkPsf] xjfO{ klqsf g} cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ klqsf xf] . o:tf xjfO{ klqsfx¿ xjfO{ dfu{åf/f ljleGg d'n'sx¿df k7fOG5g\ . o:tf klqsfx¿ ef/tsf] agf/; tyf hfkfgaf6 cª\u|]hL efiff k|sflzt ePsf] st} pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ g]kfndf eg] o:tf] vfnsf] xjfO{ klqsf k|rngdf cfPsf] 5}g . o;sf ljljw sf/0fx¿dWo] nfut d"No a9L x'g' xf] . of] Psk|ltsf] d"No nueu aL; ?lkofF;Dd kg{hfg] ePsf]n] cToGt} sd k|sflzt x'g] u/]sf] xf] .

a9L nfut nfUg] ePsf]n] tyf ljb]zdf :yfoL kf7s, u|fxs agfpg g;Sgfn] klg cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ klqsfx¿ lj/n} lg:sg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf] If]q tLg jf tLgeGbfa9L hlt;'s} /fi6« klg x'g ;Sb5 . xjfO{ klqsfsf] cl:tTj vf]hL ubf{ o; lsl;dsf xjfO{ klqsfx¿sf] klg vf]hL ul/g'k5{ .

xjfO{ klqsfsf] k|sfzg / ljifoa:t'

xjfO{ klqsf k|sfzgdf cGo klqsf k|sfzgdf hlt nfut gnfUg] ePsf]n] of] c¿eGbf ;/n 5 . ;flxlTos ahf/df xjfO{ klqsfx¿sf] eL8 a9\g'sf] sf/0f of] klg Ps xf] . t/ ;du| xjfO{ klqsfx¿ x]bf{ tLg, rf/ c° k|sflzt ePkZrft\ aGb x'g] xjfO{ klqsfsf] ;ª\Vof cToflws 5 . aGb x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0fdf klqsfsf] u'0f:t/ sdhf]/ x'g' ¥xf;f]Gd'v l:ylt g} xf] . h;nfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf o;/L x]g{ ;S5f}+ .

-!_ lbuf] of]hgf / k"jf{wf/ gagfO xjfO{ klqsf k|sfzg ug'{ .
-@_ kf7sx¿sf] rfxgfcg';f/sf] /rgf ;dfj]z ug{ g;Sg' .
-#_ dgk/L 9+un] :j/xLg /rgf k|sfzg ug'{ .
-$_ lgoldt u|fxs jf kf7s ;b:o agfpg g;Sg' jf cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ x'g' .
-%_ bx|f] cfly{s ;|f]t geO{ k|sfzg ug'{ / /x/k"lt{sf] dfWodsf] ¿kdf lnOg' .
-^_ ;/sf/L :t/af6 tyf cGo 7"nf ;flxlTos ;+3÷;+:yfaf6 s'g} klg ;xof]u gkfpg' .
-&_ cWoogsf] sdL tyf ckl/kSj dfgl;stfdf klqsf k|sfzg ug'{ .
-*_ xjfO{ klqsfsf] cy{, kl/efiff / dxTj ga'‰g' .
-(_ xjfO{ klqsfsf] rrf{, kl/rrf{ / d"Nof°g x'g g;Sg' .

xjfO{ klqsfsf ljifoj:t' eGgfn] o;df k|sflzt x'g] ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ hgfpF5 . xjfO{ klqsfdf n3'syf, n3'sljtf, d'Sts, uLt, uhn, n3' ;dLIff, n3'Psf°L, n3'jftf{, ;DkfbsLo, kq ;flxToh:tf ;flxlTos ljwfnufot k|ltof]lutf, ;flxlTos kqldqtf, k|ltef kl/ro, hfgsf/L cflb ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\ .

o;sf cltl/St xjfO{ klqsfdf ;flxTosf s'g} Pp6f ljwfljz]ifnfO{ lnP/ klg /rgf k|sflzt ug]{ ul/G5 . h;nfO{ xjfO{ ljz]iff° elgG5 . uhn c°, d'Qms c°, n3'syf c° o;sf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . o;afx]s s'g} JolSt ljz]if of ;Gbe{ ljz]ifnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ klg xjfO{ ljz]iff° k|sflzt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd k|sflztdWo] s]xL dxTjk"0f{ xjfO{ ljz]iff°x¿ lgDg 5g\ .

sf]lknf–uhn c° -sf7df8f}+_
sfr'nL – uhn c° -kfNkf_
pkxf/– uhn c° -´fkf_
k|jfx– uhn c° -eStk'/_
k|f]T;fxg– uhn c° -pbok'/_
k|f]T;fxg– d'Qms c° -pbok'/_
;f}uft– d'Qms c° -ndh'ª_
sfFr'nL– d'Qms c° -kfNkf_
pkxf/– d'Sts c° -´fkf_
k|f]T;fxg– n3'syf c°
sfFr'nL–n3'syf c°
uf]w"nL–uLt c°
k|1fkg – uLt c° -af/f_
k|f]T;fxg– uLt c° -pbok'/_
sf];]nL– sljtf c° -bf]nvf_
pAhgL–sljtf c° -sf7df8f}+_
k|1fkg– …;?eSt M n3' zAblrqÚ c° -sf7df8f}+_
k|f]T;fxg– …OGb| kf}8\ofn :d[ltÚ c°
zAb ;+u|fd – …z}n]Gb| ;fsf/Ú c° -sf7df8f}+_
OGb|]0fL – …yf? efiffÚ-bfª_
Hof]T:gf gf/L c° -sf7df8f}+_
k|jfx– xfOs' c°
pkxf/– xfOs' c°

g]kfndf xjfO{ klqsfsf] ljsf; / l:ylt

g]kfndf xjfO{ klqsfsf] Oltxf; x]bf{ b'O{÷;f9] b'O{ bzsdfq k'Ug nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ g]kfndf dWod vfndf klqsf h:t} uf]lhsf krf{ ;flxTosf] k|rng lgs} cl3 g} ePsf] kfOG5 . ;f]xLaf6 xjfO{ klqsfdf k|efj k/]sf] lgisif{ lgsfNg]x¿ klg w]/} e]l6G5g\ .

O{=;+= !(^& lt/ ef/tsf] agf/;df cWoog ug]{ qmddf xjfO{ klqsfsf] gfd ;'g]/ cfkm"nfO{ klg To:tf] klqsf k|sfzg ug]{ pT;fx hfu]sf]n] ;fgf] 6fOk d]lzg lsg]/ lj=;+= @)#$ ;fndf g]kfnsf] kfNkf lhNnfaf6} …rf}tf/f]Ú gfds xjfO{ klqsf k|sfzg ug'{ eof] ljgos'df/ s;h"n] . oxL rf}tf/f]nfO{ g} k|yd g]kfnL xjfO{ klqsf eg]/ xjfO{ ;flxTo ;d"x g]kfnn] :jLsf/]sf] 5 . o; cy{df k|yd klqsfdf k|sfzs / ;Dkfbs ljgos'df/ s;h" xjfO{ klqsfn] ;flxTonfO{ dfq geO{ hgr]tgf hufpg] vfnsf] ;/n n]v /rgfnfO{ ;d]6\g' kg]{ atfpg'x'G5 .

xjfO{ klqsfx¿ dfl;s – å}dfl;s geO{ sDtLdf kflIfs ¿kdf lgl:sP dfq o;n] cfkm\gf] kl/ro sfod ug{ ;S5, ;fy} of] lgoldt k|sflzt x'g' k5{ eGg'x'g] ljgo s;h"sf] …rf}tf/LÚ xjfO{sf eg] hDdf b'O{ c° dfq k|sflzt 5g\ .

k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfnLkZrft\ cyf{t\ lj=;+= @)$^ kZrft\ xjfO{ klqsfsf] k|szgdf tLj|tf cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf xfn;Dd k|sflzt klqsfx¿ -aGb ePsf tyf k|sflzt eO/x]sf;d]t_sf] ;ª\Vof nueu k};¶L k'lu;s]sf] 5 . tL klqsfx¿

ljleGg ;dodf g]kfnsf ljleGg lhNnfaf6 k|sflzt oL xjfO{ klqsfx¿dWo] xfn;Dd lg/Gt/ lgoldt k|sflzt eO/x]sf klqsfx¿df k|f]T;fxg -k"0ff{° @%_, k|jfx -k"0ff{° @#_, pkxf/ -k"0ff{° !*_ sfFr'nL -k"0ff{° @!_ / uf]w"nL -k"0ff{° !%_ x'g\ . kGw|j6f c° gf3]/ k|sfzg aGb ePsf xjfO{ klqsfx¿df sf]lknf, OGb|]0fL, k|of; / ;Gb]z x'g\ . cfsf/ kl/jt{g u/L k|sfzg eO/x]sf klqsfx¿ xjfO{ klqsfcGt/ut gkg]{ ePsfn] gfd ;dfj]z ug{ pko'Qm b]lv+b}g .

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

xjfO{ klqsf / xjfO{ ;flxTonfO{ :jtGq dfGotf lbnfpg b]zdf ljleGg efuaf6 k|sflzt ePsf / eO/x]sf xjfO{ klqsfx¿nfO{ uf]naGb u/L Pp6} wf/fdf cufl8 a9fpg ;do;dodf kxn eP klg ;kmntf eg] kfpg ;s]g . t/ lj=;+= k'; @% ut] ljleGg lhNnfsf ;flxlTos xjfO{ klqsfsf ;Dkfbs Pj+ k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:yltdf eQmk'/df cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] .

;f]xL lbg s[i0f zfx …ofqLÚsf] ;+of]hsTjdf xjfO{ ;flxTo ;d"x g]kfnsf] u7g eof] . of] e]nfn] xjfO{ klqsfx¿nfO{ Pstfsf] ;"qdf ufF:g yk an k|bfg u¥of] .

xjfO{ ;flxTo ;d"x g]kfns} k|sfzg:j¿k k|yd xjfO{ ;flxTo k|wfg klqsf …xjfO{ ;+udÚ klg k|sflzt x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ;do;dodf xjfO{ klqsf ;DaGwL e]nf, uf]i7L / rrf{ kl/rrf{ klg k|;f;gn] ubf{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

5fkf, kqklqsfx¿df xjfO{ klqsf;DaGwL pNn]Vo rrf{ kl/rrf{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

lxhf]cfh xjfO{ klqsfn] klg dfGotf kfpg' kg]{ / o;sf] d"Nof°g x'g' kg]{af/]df rrf{ kl/rrf{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . k|]; sfplG;ndf klg s]xL klqsfn] btf{ kfPsf] 5 . h;cg'¿k jflif{s klqsf ;"lr k'l:tsfdf ;f}uft, sf]lknf, zAb ;ª\u|fd, k|f]T;fxg cflbsf] gfd 5flk+b} cfPsf] 5 .