Madhuparka (Essay (Nepal) )

anfTsf/sf] >[ª\vnf / btf{–k|df0fkq

/fh]Gb| ;'j]bL

– P xh'/ oxfFnfO{ ljZjf; nfU5 < xfd|f] h:tf] sfg'gL /fHodf s;}n] rf/jif]{ s]6Lsf] anfTsf/ u¥of] eGof] eg] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 <

– dnfO{ hjfkm lbg c;fWo ufx|f] k5{ . d}n] xf] jf xf]Og, h'g;'s} hjfkm lbP klg To;nfO{ st} g st} b'?k ul/lbg] vt/f klg TolQs} 5 . d]/f] ;dy{g eg]sf] kfsf] a'l4hLjLsf] ljrf/ xf] eg]/ ;~rf/sf dfWodaf6 cfdhgdfg;df k|If]k0f x'g] j}rfl/s ;Gb]z klg x'g ;S5 . s] yfxf Û s'g} d"n ;dfrf/x¿sf aLrdf kf/]/ /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgx¿n] ykSs k|rf/ ul/lbpg\ . o; låljwfu|:t dgl:yltdf d}n] cfkm"nfO{ cN´fPsf] lgs} ;do eO;Sof] . cfjfh h;sf] eP klg cleJolSt d]/f / cg'xf/ d]/f] l6k]/ b[Zo;~rf/ dfWodaf6 g} k|rf/ u/] eg] klg d t x]/]sf] x]¥o} x'g s] a]/ < oL egfOx¿ d]/f eP klg cfjfh d]/f] xf]Og eg]/ k|ltjfb ug{ sxfF–sxfF dfq bf}8\g] < o:tf] cj:yf w]/} cufl8b]lv a]xf]b}{ cfPsf] 5' . clg d}n] tL dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ nlIFot u/]/ Pp6f k|tLsfTds jfSo cHdfP/ af]lnlbPF …o; d'n'sdf ;a}eGbf a9\tf g}ltstf dfly anfTsf/ ePsf] 5 .Ú

– …xh'/ Û xf] t, d}n] s'/f sf]6\ofPsf] g} p;}sf] Û xh'/n] ;'lg;Sg'ePsf] 5 < g}ltstf t ev{/} lzz'sIffdf egf{ ul/PsL aflnsf x'g\ xh'/ Û pgLdfly o:tf] cGofo x'g' gkg]{ Û dnfO{ t ;f/} cgf}7f] nfu]sf] 5 xh'/ Û rf/jif{sL aflnsfdfly anfTsf/ ePsf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 d t ;f/} 5Ss k/]sf] 5' . To; 36gfsf] 8S6/ / k|x/Ln] klg t k|ltj]bg lbPsf] x'g'k5{ . xf]Og / xh'/ Û xf]nf klg Û xNnf ;'lgg yfn]sf] klg lgs} eO;Sof] . clg g}ltstfsf cleefjsx¿ ck/fwLdfly sfo{jfxLsf] dfu ub}{ Gofofno k'u]g5g\ xh'/ Û of] s's[To pg} ljZjljnf;sL aflnsf 5f]/Ldfly ePsf] xf]Og t xh'/ Û

– kf7su0f Û slt ;°6df 5' d o; cj:yfdf < g}ltstfsf] jif{ slt eof] < ca p;nfO{ ;+;f/sf s'g s'g 7fpFdf s;s;n] anfTsf/ u/] < ;Qf / zlStsf cf8df ;Eotfsf] cflbsfnb]lv g}ltstfdfly anfTsf/ x'Fb} cfof] . anfTsf/Lx¿ OlGIfohGo pQ]hgf sfod /x];Dd g}ltstfsf hL0f{zL0f{ z/L/dfly klg anfTsf/ ul//xG5g\ . clg g}ltstf sltjif{sL x'Fbfb]lv p;sf] anfTsf/ x'g yfNof] . tkfO{+x¿ cfkm} ljrf/ ul/x]g'{xf];\ . d}n] k|Zgstf{ ldqnfO{ v'n:t elglbPF– Pp6f xl/d':n] anfTsf/L ;d"x b'a{n / h/fhL0f{ ePsL *$ jif]{ cl:yk~h/ g}ltstfdfly cxf]/fq anfTsf/ ul//x]5 . csf]{ e";lt3|] anfTsf/L ;d"x caf]w lzz' g}ltstfdfly k':tf}+k':tf anfTsf/ ul//x]5 .

– Rr… Rr…Û xl/d':n] anfTsf/L ;d"x j[4 g}ltstfdfly M e";lt3|] anfTsf/L ;d"x lzz' g}ltstfdfly Û clg xh'/n] t g}ltstfnfO{ rf/ / rf}/f;L jif]{h:tf] atfpg'eof] . rf/jif{sL aflnsfnfO{ anfTsf/ ;Dej gePh:t} rf}/f;L jif]{ j[4fnfO{ klg t anfTsf/ ;Dej t xf]Og lg xh'/ Û km]l/ xl/d':n] / e";lt3|] ;d"x eGg'eof], eGg'eof] dfq xf]Og, tL xl/d':n] / e";lt3|] ;d"xsf] anfTsf/L sfo{ cfFv}n] b]v]h:tf] u/]/ atfpg'eof] . To:tf aflnsf / j[4fnfO{ anfTsf/ ug{ s;/L pT;flxt eP xf]nf xh'/ tL ;d"xx¿ <

– d}n] ljifonfO{ clns v'n:t kfb}{ eg] Û /fi6«s} cl:dtfdfly anfTsf/ ug]{x¿n] g}ltstfsf] pd]/ / kl/jf/ x]l//xG5g\ < anfTsf/ ug]{n] ug]{ eg]sf] sfd g} anfTsf/ xf] . j}b]lzs xl/d':n]x¿sf] ldlndtf]df /fi6«sf] cl:dtfdfly anfTsf/ eO/x]5 . /fli6«o e";lt3|]x¿sf] cfqmd0fdf d'n'ssf] :jfledfg anfTs[t eO/x]5 . b]zsf] uf}/j b'AnfpFbf] 5 . d'n'ssf] OHht lubf]{5 . /fi6«sf] klxrfg nf]k x'Fbf] 5 . anfTsf/Lx¿ lgw{Ss;Fu lx+8\g cfF6 ul//x]5g\ . pgLx¿ ;'/lIft / ;fwg;DkGg aGb} uO/x]5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf g}ltstf s;/L hf]luG5 / /fi6«sf] cl:dtfdfly anfTsf/ gxf]cf];\ .

– x'g} ;St}g xh'/ Û x'g} ;St}g Û cl:dtf klg ToxL ^÷& jif{sL xf]nL Û lxh} t xf] cl:dtf 7d7DtL lx+8]/ :s'n hfFb} u/]sf] d :jo+n] b]v]sf] Û anfTsf/Lsf] ;d"x g} ePsf] s'/f ug'{eof] olt ;fgL aflnsfdfly anfTsf/ eof], Tof] ;fd"lxs ¿kdf eof] eg] s;/L ;f/;f}+b} :s'n hfg ;S5] . kTofpg} gldNg] s'/f . n eof] c/] Û k|x/L sfo{afxL u/]sf] eP To:tf anfTsf/Lx¿ l;w} 7]ufg nfluxfNy] lg Û sfg'gL /fHodf o:tf]vfnsf] ck/fw x'g} ;Sb}g xh'/ Û

– kf7sj[Gb ca t d ´g\ km;fbdf k/]F . d}n] ;dfhsf /Ifsx¿, ;Qfk'?ifx¿ / sfg'gsf ;+/Ifsx¿ cfˆgf] cg's"n cj;/ k|fKt ug{ ;s] g}ltstf, cl:dtf s]xL klg afFsL /fVt}gg\ kf] eg]sf] t . tkfO{+ ljZj:t x'g'xf];\ . d}n] n]v]sf oL kª\lQmx¿af6 anfTsf/ gug]{x¿k|lt ;xfg'e"lt hlGdG5 / anfTsf/Lx¿k|lt ljIff]eefj hlGdG5 . cyf{t\ gofF gofF ljifox¿ klg anfTsf/sf lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ . anfTsf/sf tl/sf / k|ljlwx¿ gofF gofF cfljis[t ePsf 5g\ . anfTsf/sf ;a} >[ª\vnf as]/ s] kmfObf x'G5 / < Pp6} dfq anfTsf/LnfO{ ck/fwL ;flat u/fpg ;s] kmfObf x'Fbf] xf] . To;sf/0f anfTsf/sf] k|s/0f g} 6'ª\UofOlbg dg u/]/ elglbG5'– sfg'gL /fHosf] dof{bf ;+ljwfgsf] dof{bf kfngdf /xG5' . Tof] dof{bfdfly g} anfTsf/ ePkl5 /fi6«sf] cl:dtf hf]luG5 < ca tkfO{+ cfkm}+ ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ t Û

– ef] ef] xh'/ Û ca geGg'xf];\ Û lar/L dof{bf Û pgsf afa'nfO{ klg lrg]sf] 5' d}n] . dof{bfsf afa' t ;f/} ;f]´f kf] 5g\ t . xh'/ lrGg'x'G5 ef]nfgfynfO{ < cfˆgL 5f]/Ldfly To;/L anfTsf/ eof] eg] pgL s;}nfO{ u'xfg{ klg ;Sb}gg\ . xf]Og xf]nf Û dof{bf t ev{/ g;{/Llt/ k9\b} x'g'k5{ .

– ca s;/L :ki6 kf?F Û dof{bfsf afa'x¿ sxfF ;08d';08 x'G5g\ t ef]nfefnf geP/ < dof{bfsf afa' ;Gt x'G5g\ . ef]nfgfy x'G5g\ . Tof] t x'Fb} xf] lg Û dof{bfsf] anfTsf/ w]/} x'G5 . To; anfTs[t dof{bfsf] /Iffy{ cfjfh p7fpg] p;sf afa'x¿sf] :j/ t hxfF klg sdhf]/} t x'G5 . dof{bf, g}ltstf, cl:dtf h;sf klg afa'x¿ sdhf]/ g} x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] u'xf/ ;'Gg]x¿sf sfg ltvf x'g'k5{ . sdhf]/sf] cy{ nf5Lrflx+ x'Fb} xf]Og . sdhf]/sf] cy{ ;Dj]bgzLntf / ;xfg"e"ltzLntf xf] . ;lxi0f'tf / ;Rrl/qtf klg xf] . log} zlStk'~haf6 hlGdg] g}ltstf / cl:dtf, dof{bf / lgi7f, c´ cf:yf ;w}+ z}zj t x'G5g\ lg Û d;Fu ;Dafb ug]{ dxf]bonfO{ d}n] s;/L a'´fpg] < ef}lts zlStxLgx¿ g}ltstfsf cfwf/df c8]sf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f g}ltstf pgLx¿sf] an xf] . ef}lts :jfoQtf sdhf]/ x'g]x¿ efjgfsf cl:dtfdf l6s]sf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f cl:dtf pgLx¿sf] hLjg xf] . x}sd / k|e';Qfsf kl5 gnfUg]x¿ dof{bfdf afFr]sf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f dof{bf pgLx¿sf] k|f0f xf] . cfTd;Ddfg / ljZjf; lgi7fdf v8f x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f c´ lgi7f pgLx¿sf] k[i7e"ld xf] . g}ltstf / cl:dtf eg] klg, dof{bf / lgi7f eg] klg oL ;a}sf] hu cf:yf xf] . oL ;a} cfwf/x¿ anfTs[t ePkl5 ;du| dfgj ;d'bfo s'g hudf c8\nf Û

– lsg Û crDd nfUof] < oxfF o:tf 36gfx¿ eO/xG5g\ . tkfO{+ lgi7f / cf:yf anfTs[t t eP eGg] ;'Gbf w]/} lrlGtt x'g'eP h:tf] 5 .===

– ca eof] Û xh'/ t km]l/ lgi7f / cf:yfsf] klg anfTsf/ ePsf] s'/f ug{ nfUg'eof] . slxn]sf] s'/f xh'/ < ltgLx¿ klg t ;fg} lyP lg Û To;dfly :jf:Yo klg plt /fd|f] lyPg x} xh'/ Û ToxL+ lbggfys} 5f]/L t x'g\ b'O6} Û ;f/} ;Hhg kf] x'g'x'G5 t lbggfy hL t Û pgsf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ t jlt{/ klt{/sf l5d]sLx¿ klg ;f/} ;f]´f / enfbdL kf] 7fGy] t xh'/ Û s;/L To:tf] anfTsf/sf] lzsf/ aGg k'u]5g\ <

– eGg'xf];\ t kf7su0f Û ca s;/L lgi7f / cf:yfsf] anfTsf/ ePsf] cy{ ul/lbg] < tkfO{+x¿ t b]lv/xg'ePsf] 5 – dfgjsf lgi7f d':t}b zlSt;|f]taf6 anfTs[t eO/x]5g\ . ;dfh / /fi6«sf cf:yfx¿ ;fd"lxs ¿kdf anfTs[t eO/x]5g\ . b]zsf :jfledfg / dof{bfdfly b]z ;~rfngs} d'Nnfxx¿ ;fd"lxs anfTsf/df h'l6/x]5g\ . cfkm}n] hGdfPsf gLltlgodsf d'Nnfxx¿ cfkm}n] anfTsf/ ul//x]5g\ . g}ltstf / dof{bf ca afhn] lryf]/]sf] a§fOh:t} eO;s]sf 5g\ . lgi7f / dof{bf ca lrnn] e'TNofPsf] k/]jf h:t} eO;s]sf 5g\ . cf:yf ca d/0ff;Gg eP/ klN6O;s]sL 5 .

– P xh'/ Û cfkm"nfO{ t ljZjf; nfU5 < hf] hf] anfTs[t eP lg tL ;a}nfO{ t lrGg'x'G5 < tL;a} anfTs[t ePsf] s;/L ljZjf; ug]{ xf]nf < oL ;a} slnn} 5g\ xh'/ pd]/sf lx;fan] . g}ltstf afa'–afh] g} ;dfh;]jf / ;xof]uL kf] x'g\ t xh'/ Û cl:dtfsf afa'nfO{ lrGg'x'G5 xh'/ < pxfF t ;fx|} eIf kf] x'g'x'G5 t Û csf{sf] s'enf] lrtfpg} ;Sg'x'Gg . lsg xf]nf xh'/ Û ;a} ;Hhgx¿s} 5f]/Ldfly dfq anfTsf/ Û dnfO{ t ljZjf; ug}{ ufxf/f] kl//x]5 . d t oL ;a} s]6Lsf kl/jf/nfO{ /fd|/L lrGb5' . dof{bfsf afa' To:t} OdfGbf/ / ;xof]uL x'g'x'G5 . cl:dtfsf afa' eg]sf pg} ljZjaGw' t x'g\ lg xh'/ Û pgL t ´g\ ;a}nfO{ cfTdLo Jojxf/ ub{5g\ . ;fgf] ljBfnodf lzIfssf] sfd ub{5g\ . g}ltstfsf afa'sf] gfd klg dnfO{ yfxf 5, pgsf] gfd ljZjljnf; xf] . pgL t ´g\ ;+;f/nfO{ g} cfkmGtsf] Jojxf/ u5{g\ . km]l/ cl:dtfsf] s'/f p7fpg'eof] lg xh'/n] . p;sf afa' pg} ljZjaGw' t x'g\ lg Û pgL ´g\ ;a}sf] enf] rfxg] ;dfh;]jL . pgs} 5f]/Ldfly of] 36gf s;/L cfOk¥of] xf]nf xh'/ Û P xh'/ Û dnfO{ t kTofpg} kf] ufxf/f] k¥of] t Û km]l/ dof{bfsf] s'/f cfof] . pgsf afa' ef]nfgfy . s;sf] s] lauf/] xf]nf pgn] < lgi7f / cf:yfsf] Û b'j} lbggfysf 5f]/L t x'g\ . s;/L ljZjf; ug]{ To:tf ;Hhgx¿sf] ;Gtfgdfly o:tf] b'3{6gf klg cfOknf{ eg]/ Û oL ;a} s]6Lsf afa'x¿nfO{ lrGg t lrGg'x'G5 xh'/ Û Tolt ;fgf / caf]w s]6Lx¿ s;/L anfTs[t eP < dnfO{ t of] s'/f ;kgf xf] ls lakgf xf], kTofpg} ufxf/f] eof] .

– d v'n:t} elglbG5' – of] ljkgf xf]– kf7s dxf]bo Û g}ltstf cyjf cl:dtfsf] pd]/ hlt eP klg pgLx¿sf] cl:tTj ;Dj]bgzLn x'G5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ anfTs[t eP . cGoyf anfTsf/ xf]Og pgLx¿dfly ;Def]u x'GYof] . pgLx¿sf afa'x¿ ljZjljnf; / ljZjaGw' eP klg, ef]nfgfy / lbggfy eP klg 5f]/Lx¿ anfTs[t ePs} x'g\ . g}ltstfsfafa' ljZjljnf; geP/ ljZj3fts x'g] s'/f t x'Fb} xf]Og, cl:dtfsf afa' ljZjaGw' geP/ ljZjIf]xL t x'Fb} x'Fb}gg\ . oxfFg]/ anfTsf/ t :jfledfgsf] klg ePsf] 5 . t/ d]/f kf7sldqn] :jfledfg / d'Nnfxx¿sf] anfTsf/ sfo{nfO{ ;dlnËL anfTsf/sf] sfg'gL pkrf/sf] k|Zg p7fOlbg' ePg . To;sf/0f oxfF d hf]luPsf] 5' . dof{bfsf afa' ef]nfgfy geP/ ljWj+zaxfb'/ x'g] klg s'/} xf]Og . lgi7f / cf:yfsf afa' lbggfy g} x'g\ cyf{t\ k|sfz / r]tgfsf s]GIf . ldq oxfFn] Psbd} 7Ls eGg'eof] .

– tkfO{+n] slnn} aflnsf x'g\ eg]/ k|Zg p7fpg'eof] lg Û Tof] klg Psbd} 7Ls xf] . g}ltstfnfO{ sxfFg]/ b]Vg'ePsf] 5 sf]dn geP/ s7f]/ < clg cl:dtfnfO{ c;Dj]bgzLn cj:yfdf slxn] kfpg'ePsf] 5 < dof{bf lg/Lx geP/ sxfF of]4f / 3fts x'G5 t < lgi7f / cf:yf klg sxfF To;/L k|ltjfb ug{ ;Sg] x'G5g\ / < anfTsf/Lx¿ o:t} ;Dj]bgzLntf / sf]dntfdf dfly hfOnfU5g\ . cfjfh p7fP g}ltstfsf] d'vdf x'G5– anfTsf/ Û lj/f]w hgfP cl:dtfsf] cl:tTjdf x'G5– anfTsf/ Û cg'zf;g / lgodsf] k|Zg p7fP dof{bfsf] cfTdandf anfTsf/ Û k|ltjfbsf] k|oTg u/] lgi7fsf] w/ftnd} x'G5– anfTsf/ Û ca afFsL /Xof] cf:yfsf] s'/f Û cf:yfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ k|oTg dfq ul/of] eg] cf:yfsf] afh]laGb'd} x'G5– anfTsf/ Û ca eGg'xf];\, s}n] , sxfF / sf] ePsf] 5}g anfTsf/sf] lzsf/ <

– xh'/ Û ;f/} g/fd|f] Û clg 8fS6/sxfF nu]/ k/LIf0f u/fPsf] eP t x'g] lg xh'/ Û To;f] u/]sf] eP t cbfntdf k|df0f;lxt hfg ldNYof] lg xh'/ Û To;f] ug'{ ePg 5 pxfFx¿ s;}n] klg < c¿nfO{ o:tf] ;°6 cfOkbf{ t pxfFx¿ lgs} v6\g'x'GYof] / ;a}nfO{ ;xof]u klg ug'{x'GYof] Û lar/f Û

– 8S6/, cbfnt, k|x/L, k|zf;g ;a}lt/ k'Ug'eof]– pxfFx¿ . 8fS6/ e]6\g c:ktfnsf] b}nfdf k'Ug] lalQs} dof{bf / lgi7f d"R5f{ k/]5g\ . leq g}ltstf / cl:dtf anfTsf/sf] kL8fdf lrRofO/x]sf] ;'g]/ . Toltv]/ 8S6/;fx]a …anfTsf/ gePsf] k|dfl0ft ul/G5 .Ú eGg] jfSof+z n]v]/ x:tfIf/ ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . kl5kl5 cfpFb} u/]sL cf:yf c:ktfnsf] d"n9f]sfaf6} ufoa eO5 . km]l/ PskN6 cbfnt;Dd klg k'Ug] ljrf/n] Tot} nfu]5g\ . cbfntsf] 9f]sfd} cf:yf anfTs[t eP/ a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf nl8/x]sL /lx5 . lgi7f, g}ltstf / cl:dtf clg dof{bf cbfntsf] kl/;/ leq k:g] lalQs} :jtM lrRofpg nfu]– anfTsf/sf] kL8f vKg g;s]/ . GofofwLz km};nfsf] lgisif{ jfSo …dof{bf, lgi7f, g}ltstf / cl:dtfdWo] s;}dfly klg anfTsf/ ug{ nfos pd]/ gk'u]sfn] anfTsf/Ldflysf] cleof]u k|dfl0ft gx'g] x'Fbf cleof]StfnfO{ ;kmfO lbG5 .Ú n]v]/ ;xL ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . b}nfdf d"R5f{ k/]sL cf:yf c´ klg xf]zdf cfPsL 5}g . ldqu0f Û d;Fu ;Gb]x ug]{ d]/f ldq c´} klg o; anfTsf/sf ce]B hfnk|lt ljZj:t x'g ;ls/xg'ePsf] 5}g . a? anfTs[t dof{bf / lgi7fx¿, g}ltstf / cl:dtfx¿ d;Fu jx; ug]{ ldqs} 5f]/L ;]jf / ;'>'If anfTs[t ePsf] ;'g]/ arfpsf nflu bf}l8O/x]5g\ . :jfledfg / uj{x¿ …ck/fwLnfO{ bl08t ul/g'k5{ eGg] kIfdf hgdt h'6fO/x]5g\ . Tof] b]v]kl5 d]/f ldq :jtM cjfs\ / uDeL/ aGg k'u]sf 5g\ .

ca t yfxf kfpg'eof] kf7su0f < anfTsf/ k|dfl0ft ug{ 8fS6/ / GofofwLzx¿ pd]/sf] k|df0fkq dfUg] dgl:yltdf k'u]sf 5g\ . hGdbtf{sf] clen]v klg cfjZos 7fGg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ < lgi7f / cf:yfsf afa' cfdfx¿, g}ltstf / cl:dtfsf cleefjsx¿, dof{bf / :jfledfgsf ;+/Ifsx¿ Û ca pk|fGt cfˆgf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿sf] hGdbtf{sf] clen]v ;ª\3if{sf d;Ln] n]Vg] c7f]6df k'u]sf 5g\ . tkfO{+;a} nfUg'xf];\ . gq cfˆgf ;Gtltx¿ anfTs[t ePsf] k'hf{ / km};nf kfpg klg /f]s nfUg]5 .

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cWoog sf]7fdf k:bf g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]zsf] kGgf klN6/x]sf] /x]5 . d]/L >LdtL klg lzIfs k]zfdf sfo{/t ePsLn] ;fob pg}n] x8a8df lstfa vf]n]sf] vf]n]s} 5f]8]sf] klg x'g;S5 . cfFvf æleqÆ zAbdf k/] . leq zAbsf] cy{ k9\g yfn]+– leq– gf= of] -;+= cEoGt/_ != 3/, kvf{n, 3]/f, afs;, kl/lw cflbsf] ue{df, cGt/ v08df, aflx/sf] pN6f]lt/ @= dof{bf, kl/0ffd cflbsf] ;Ldflt/ . #= aLr, df´= dWo . gf= $= dg, x[bo, lbn, ceoGt/ . %= hgfgfvfgf, vf]kL, cGtMk'/ . o;sf] 7Ls tn lelqgL – gf=-leq±OgL_ u'Kt¿kn] /flvPsL :jf:gL, /vf}6L, NofOtf leq]0fL klg k9]+ . of] leq zAb;Fu d]/f] dg cfslif{t x'g yfNof] . of] …leqÚ zAb k|of]u gug]{ xf] eg] xfd|f] 3/ Jojxf/ g} rNg d'l:sn kg]{ /x]5 . of] leq, leqL, lelqgL zAbn] t ;+;f/ g} 9flsPsf] /x]5 . leqsf] pN6f] zAb xf] aflx/L . leq zAbsf] lgdf{0f kl5 g} aflx/ zAb algPsf] x'g'kb{5 . leq zAbleq hlt cy{ n's]sf] 5, To;sf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ sl7g 5 . dflg;sf] efjgfn] hlt avfGg ;S5 Tolt g} …leqÚ zAb JolQmb} hfG5 . dxfslj nIFdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] x[bodf of] zAb k¥of] ls k/]g dnfO{ yfxf ePg . olb dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] dl:tisn] of] zAb v]nfpg kfpg] xf] eg] of] zAbsf] lgs} dfg dof{bf a9\g] lyof] . of] zAbsf] ;fy{stf x'g] lyof] . kf/vLsf] xftdf dfd'nL zAb klg xL/f–df]tL ag]/ rDsg yfN5g\ . b]jsf]6fsf] cefjdf zAbx¿n] /fd|/L v]Ng kfPsf 5}gg\ . zAb cf]hgbf/ x'g'df To;nfO{ ul/g] k|of]usf] Jofkstf, uxgtfdf lge{/ u5{ . d of] …leqÚ zAbnfO{ aflx/L ljzfn a|Xdf08eGbf klg ljzfn kfpF5' . of] zAbleq ;f/f ;+;f/sf] ;[li6 n'ls/x]sf] kfpF5' . leqL agfj6 geO{ aflx/L ;+;f/sf] lgdf{0f g} x'g ;Sb}g . h] 5 leq–leq} n'ls/x]5 eGg dg nfU5 . ha d of] zAbdf 3f]l/g nfU5' o;n] dnfO{ 5f]k]/ d x/fpg nfU5' . of] ;+;f/sf] /rgfleq s] 5}g / Û of] zAb dfd'nL ePsf] eP lsg –æof] ;+;f/sf] /rgf leqÆ af/Daf/ bf]xf]l/Fb} cfO/x]5 . of] egfO htf;'s} ;'Gg kfOG5 . j}1flgs, bfz{lgs, wfld{s, /fhgLlts ;a} of] …leqÚ zAb leq n'ls/x]sf kfOG5g\ . olb of] zAbsf] pTklQ gePsf] eP ;fob of] ljZj a|Xdf08leqsf] /x:onfO{ hfGg / JoQm ug{ ;lsFb}gYof] xf]nf . of] zAbsf] ;xf/fn] a:t'leqsf] oyfy{tfsf] lrq0f /fd|/L x'g ;s]sf] 5 . of] …leqÚ zAbleq d hLjg vf]Hg yfN5' / c;ª\Vo c;ª\Vo 36gf, a:t'x¿sf] /x:oaf/] pb\3f6g x'g yfNb5 . d leqleq} dxTjk"0f{ ;[li6 /rgf ePsf] kfpF5' . k|s[lt leqleq} gb]lvg] eP/ of] hLjg hut\sf] /rgf u/L cfkm"nfO{ ´g\ /x:odo agfO/x]5 . dflg; cfˆg} lbdfudf of] ;+;f/sf] /x:o vf]Hg Jo:t 5g\ . ;[li6sf] leqL /x:odo /rgf a'‰g g;Sbf dflg; cg]s sNkgfåf/f cfkm"nfO{ rf/}lt/ e8\sfO/x]sf] 5 . of] lsgf/af6 csf]{ lsgf/ x'Fb} hLjgsf] leqL /x:o vf]Hg o'uo'u latfO/x]5 . dflg;n] cfTdf kdf{Tdfsf] vf]hLdf lg/Gt/ nflukbf{ klg leqL r'/f] km]nf kfg{ g;sL af]lqmP/ ;txdf cfkm"nfO{ 1fgxLg kfPsf] 5 . hLjgsf] leqL /x:o a9f] uxg efjn] leqleq} hd]/ a;]sf] 5 . 7"nf7"nf dxfTdf, bfz{lgs kl08tx¿n] ;d]t\ leqL dd{ /x:o a'‰g g;s]/ sNk–sNk hLjg latfPsf 5g\ . j}1flgsx¿n] z/L/leqsf] leqL dg, af]nLsf] pb\ud:yfgsf] /x:oleq cfkm"nfO{ Ps c1fg afns´}+ kfP/ jf:tljs 1fgaf6 ljd'v eO/x]sf kfOG5g\ . ;fob of] ljZjsf] /rgfsf] leqL /x:o a'‰g} g;sL dflg; l;w}F O{Zj/sf] gfddf 9'ËfnfO{ kfgL r9fP/ uDeL/ lrGtgaf6 6fl9Psf] kfOG5 . of] hLjg–bz{g uxg lrGtgleqsf] vf]bn]/ slxNo} g;lsg] /x:oaf6 efUb} dflg; cfkm"nfO{ cNdNofpg g;fn' kbfy{sf] ;]jg, gf/L /;/Ësf] aflx/L b'lgofFdf 8'afP/ cfˆg' dxTjk"0f{ of] hLjgnfO{ d[To'sf] d'vdf k'¥ofO/x]5 . tL sfdL k'?ifx¿nfO{ s] yfxf xf]nf gf/L /x:osf] leqL dd{ Û dflg; k|foM cfˆgf] aflx/L ansf] ;xf/fn] ;txdf 3;|Fb} cfkm"nfO{ ;j{1 ;lD´/x]5 . kfgLsf] a"Fbdf ;"o{sf] ls/0f kbf{ leqL kl/jt{g eO{ 6Nsg] ;'Gb/ OGIf]0fLsf] ¿k s;sf kf/bz{s cfFvfn] /fd|/L a'´]sf 5g\ / Û w]/} dflg; ef}lts cfgGbnfO{ dfq ;Dk"0f{ 7fgL aflx/L ¿kn] dfq afFlr/x]sf kfOG5g\ . leqL cfgGb kfpg t p;sf] ljrf/ vf]qmf] xf]Og, u'lbdo x'g'k5{ . leqL ljrf/sf] c;nL r'/f]af6 dfq jf:tljs 1fgsf] glhs k'Ug ;lsG5 . d htf kms{G5' pt} leqL /x:on] ;[li6 /rgf eO/x]sf] kfpF5' . Pp6f ljzfn j[Ifleq d ;fgf] aLhsf] df6fd'lg leqleq} c°'l/t x'Fb} u/]sf] ;fgf] 6';f] dfq kfpF5' . xfdL ;txL cfFvfn] aflx/L ljzfntfnfO{ dfq kqmL cfˆgf ePe/sf k|z+;fsf zAbx¿ avfGg yfNb5f}F . cfh ljBfnoaf6 3/ kms{+bf ahf/sf] dWoefudf dflg;sf] eL8n] cfwf s]hLsf] Pp6} Kofhsf] j0f{g ul//x]sf] ;'g]+ . t/ s;}n] klg of] cfwf s]hLsf] Pp6} Kofhsf] hGd df6fleq ;fgf] aLhaf6 ePsf] xf] eGg]tkm{sf] ;f]rfO k6Ss} glnPsf]df d dflg;sf] aflx/L 1fg dfq ePsf]df b'vL x'G5' . k|To]s j:t'sf] hGd hLjgrqmsf] Oltxf;leq x]g]{ xf] eg] leqL /x:os} kbf{af6 dfq ;Dej ePsf] kfOG5 . d cfˆgf] hGd Oltxf;nfO{ x]5'{ . ;[li6, aflx/af6 x'Fb}g, leqaf6 x'G5 . ofjt\ hLj jg:ktL, k|f0fLsf] ;[li6leqaf6 dfq ;Dej 5 . aflx/L s'/f eg]sf] t gf6s v]nfpFbf leqleq} l;Fufl/P/ aflx/ /fd nLnfsf] agfj6L 96f}6] h:tf] dfq xf] . xfdLn] leqL ;TonfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]gf} eg] of] hLjghut\ a|Xdf08sf] oyfy{ 1fg jf hfgsf/L lng} ;Sb}gf}F . d k[YjLsf] ;txdf pleP/ cfsfzlt/ lz/ p7fP/ x]5'{– d cfkm"nfO{ of] uf]nf] k[YjL lk08nfO{ cfsfzsf] leqleq} ;fgf] c0f' dfq b]V5' . sf]xL eGnfg\, xfdL aflx/L b'lgofF dfq afFr]sf] 5f}+ t/ Tof] eGg' s]jn c1fgtfsf] 8sf/ dfq xf] .

d]/f] x[bodf …leqÚ zAb k;]/ sNkgfzLn agfpFb} lyof] . crfgs k]6leq cN;/sf] b'vfOn] gdL7f] kL8f eof] . d]/f] k]6leqsf] cfGIfsf] of] cN;/ 3fpn] ;tfPsf] 7\ofSs} Psjif{ eof] . leqleq} b'lv/x]5 . d cfkm}F klg of] cfˆgf] k]6leqsf] 3fp x]g{ ;lSbgF . aflx/af6 b]Vg]n] dnfO{ :j:y b]Vb5g\ . jf:tjdf d leqleq} s'x]sf] 8Nnf] km;L{ h:tf] ePsf] 5' . d of] leqL dd{n] x}/fg 5' slt 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx lnPF, bafO vfPF t/ of] k]6leqsf] 3fp lgsf] x'g] kQf] 5}g . xfd|} oxfFsf] c:ktfndf v'§fdf a~r/f]n] sf6]/ 7"nf] 3fp ePsf] dflg; NofOPsf] lyof] . /utsf] en g} au]sf] lyof] . 8fS6/nfO{ /ut /f]Sg wf}–wf} k/]sf] lyof] . Toqf] 7"nf] 3fp ePsf] dflg; b'O{ dlxgfkl5 lxhf] 3fp lgsf] eP/ ahf/df 7d7d lxF8\b} u/]sf] b]v]+ . of] 36gf b]v]kl5 d]/f] dgdf s'/f v]Ng yfn] . aflx/L 3fpeGbf leqL 3fp 8/nfUbf] x'Fbf]/x]5 . aflx/L dd{n] eGbf leqL dd{n] dflg;nfO{ d/0ffGt kfbf]{/x]5 . kL/ kg]{x¿df klg hf] kmtkmt]x¿ 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ kL/ sd g} kbf]{/x]5 . hf] cfˆgf] kL/x¿nfO{ x[bosf] leqL efudf n'sfP/ /fVb5g\, ltgLx¿sf] Tof] leqL kL/n] pgLx¿sf] hLjg lqmofsnfkd} 7"nf] c;/ kf/]sf] kfOG5 . kL/ dgdf af]s]/ lxF8\g]x¿sf] cg'xf/ x]g]{ lalQs} yfxf kfOG5, o:tf JolQmx¿ uDeL/ k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . dgsf] leqleq} kL/ bafP/ /fVg]x¿ g} k|foM af}nfxf ePsf 36gfx¿ kfOG5g\ . x'g t g]kfnLdf egfO 5 – dgsf] ax s;}nfO{ gsx . of] egfOk|lt d ;Gt'i6 5'OgF . dgsf] axnfO{ leqleq} kfln/fVg] xf] eg] To;sf] k|efj lgZro g} /fd|f] x'Fb}g . o:tf dgsf ax kfn]/ /fVg]x¿sf cg'xf/df pNnf;, pdË, xFl;nf]kg x/fP/, pbf; ´f]qmfO/x]sf] PsfGtk|]dL sfnf] afbnn] 9fs]sf] cfsfzh:tf] of egf}F cf]OlnPsf] ´f/´}+ b]vfk5{ . dnfO{ nfU5, leqL dgsf] jx cfˆgf ljZjfl;nf ldqnfO{ eGg'k5{ . dgsf] ax kf]lv;s]kl5 dg lgrf]/]sf] lknf]h:tf] xnf} x'G5 . dgleq kL/ kfn]/ af}nfpg'eGbf ldqnfO{ eg]/ To;af6 5'6\sf/f kfpg' /fd|f] xf] . clg d eG5' –…dgsf] ax ldqnfO{ sxÚ . ljif vfg]nfO{ 5bfpg'k5{ . ljifnfO{ k]6leqaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg'k5{ . kL/ klg Ps k|sf/sf] ljif g} xf] . w]/} dflg;x¿ z/L/leqsf /f]ux¿ k|foM n'sfpg] u5{g\ . ha Tof] /f]un] leqleq} h/f uf8]/ ljs/fn ¿k lnG5 . clg Tof] JolQmdf xf]z cfpF5 . t/ ;do gfl3;s]sf] xf]zn] sfd lbFb}g . cGTodf p;n] cfkm"n] leqleq} n'sfPsf] /f]usf] lzsf/ x'g}k5{ . of] ;D´Fbf …leqÚ zAb;Fu dnfO{ stfstf 8/ nfUg yfNb5 .

d …leqÚ zAb;Fu ?dln+b} uPsf] 5' . d]/f] dgdf htf;'s} leqaf6 x'g] rdTsf/k"0f{ lqmofx¿ b]vfkb}{5g\ . xfdL a;]sf] k[YjLsf] leqL efudf eofgs clUgs'08 eses plDn/x]sf] 5 . oxL tfksf] sf/0faf6 k[YjLdf cfjZos tfkqmd eO{ hLjhut\sf] ;[li6 /rgf ePsf] kfOG5 . k[YjLsf] sDkgaf6 ha lr/f k5{, leqaf6 plDn/x]sf] nfef aflx/ lg:sG5 h;nfO{ xfdL Hjfnfd'vL eG5f}F . d[To'sf 36gfx¿ ;a} leqleq} n's]/ a;]sf x'G5g\ . nfdf] jIf{ x'g] ljzfn ljzfn x'/L x'08/Lsf] tof/Lsf] k|s[ltdf leqleq} eO/x]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f cfFvfn] eljio b]Vb}g . ha x'/L x'08/L rN5, ta dfq xfdL yfxf kfpF5f}F x'/L x'08/Ln] ljgfz u5{– ;fd'lIfs 5fn p7]/ lsgf/sf 3/ / dflg;sf] ljgfz ub{5 . 7"nf7"nf ¿v h/}l;t klN6G5g\, 3/sf 5fgf p8\g yfN5g\ . lah'nLsf vDaf pv]lnG5g\ . dflg; ;°6sf] ;dodf leqleq} eujfgsf] gfd lnG5g\ . k|fs[lts 36gfx¿ leqleq} tof/ eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . slxn] nfdf] ;do;Dd jIf{ x'G5 t slxn] v8]/L k5{ . oL ;a ljgfsf/0f, ljgftof/L x'Fb}gg\ . xfd|f ;txL b[li6n] b]Vg g;s]sf] dfq xf] . kbfy{df leqleq} /f;folgs kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] x'G5 . b"waf6 bxL aGg' kbf{ leqL kl/jt{gaf6 dfq ;Dej 5 . a:t'nfO{ ;8fpg', unfpg' klg leqL kl/jt{gaf6 g} x'G5 . km"naf/Ldf a;]/ x]g'{k5{, tL km"nx¿df cg]sf}+ /ª s;n] e¥of] < aflx/af6 blnPsf] xf] ls leq}af6 algPsf] xf] < ofjt j:t'nfO{ x]bf{ s'g} zlQmn] leqleq} sfd ul//x]sf] cfef; kfOG5 . Pp6f ;fgf] aLpm df6fleq c°'l/t eO{ la:tf/} ljzfn ¿vsf] ¿k lnG5 . of] a9\g' leqsf] /x:o ulx/f] 5, leqL cfFvfn] ku]{Ng'k5{ . k|s[ltdf kfOg] ljleGg /ªsf km"n cg]s hft / u'0fsf jg:kltaf/] s;n] leqL cfFvfn] leqL dd{ a'´]sf] 5 .

;+;fl/s Jojxf/ s[lqdtfsf] aflx/L hfnf]df a]l/Psf] eP klg To;leqsf] jf:tljs ¿k e]§fpg ;s] k|s[lt / hut\sf] glhs k'Ug ;lsG5 . aflx/af6 x]/]/ s]xL s'/fsf] cGbfh nufpg ;lsPnf t/ Tof] cGbfhn] slxn] sfxL+ wf]vf klg lbG5 . aflx/af6 x]bf{ uf]nf] /fd|f] ¿vleq wf]GIf] klg x'g;S5 . dflg; aflx/L /fd|f j]ze"If :j:Yos/ vfglkgn] ;'Gb/ enfb\dL b]lvg ;S5 s]xL ;dosf nflu t/ ha lg0ff{os 38L cfpF5 1fg a'l4n] s'g} s'/fsf] lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ x'G5, tTsfn g} aflx/L ;'Gb/ ¿k lrlgG5 . pm ;dfhaf6 6fl9G5 . dflg;sf] aflx/L ¿k hLp8fn xf]Og, p;sf] leqL 1fgsf] sb/ x'G5 . 7"nf7"nf bfz{lgs, Clifd'lg, tk:jL, n]vs, cfljisf/s, nfdf–nfdf bf/Ldf ‰ofp;] b]lvG5g\–aflx/af6 x]bf{ . ci6faqm aflx/af6 x]bf{ s'?k lyP– t/ pgL 7"nf ljåfg\ tyf /fhgLlt1 lyP . /fhfn] pgsf] g/fd|f] ¿k dfq x]/L pgnfO{ 3[0ff u/]sfn] wf]vf vfg'k/]sf] lyof] . ljb', j]bJof;, afNdLls bf/L kfn]/ cw{gUg lyP . dxfslj b]jsf]6fnfO{ aflx/L ;'Gb/tf;Fu s'g} cfsif{0f lyPg . ;f]qm]6;, a'4, O:td;lx aflx/af6 x]bf{ ;fdfGo j]ze"Ifdf /xGy] . l;4fy{n] /fhb/af/sf] aflx/L ;'v Tofu u/L vfnL v'§f / gfËf] z/L/n] nfdf] tk:of u/L leqL 1fg k|fKt u/L a'4 ePsf x'g\ . jf:tjdf aflx/L cf8Da/ / af]qm] s'/fn] s]xL x'Fb}g . leqL ¿kn] hf] 7Ls x'G5, To;}sf] d"Nof°g /fd|f] x'G5 . gSsnL ;'gn] s]xL ;dosf] nflu dflg;nfO{ cNdNofpg ;S5 t/ ha s;Ldf k'¥ofOG5 p;sf] kbf{kmf; x'G5 . >[Ëf/n] wkSs an]sL dlxnfn] cfˆgf] aflx/L ¿ksf] ann] o'jsx¿nfO{ kmF;fpg ;S5] . hf] leqL s'/f ga'´L kmF:5 p;n] sgf]l8of, ;]kmln;, P8\; h:tf /f]usf] lzsf/ x'g'k5{ . aflx/L ;'Gb/tfdf kmF:g]x¿df kz'k+IfL sL6ktËx¿ klg k5{g\ . aQLsf] k|sfzdf nf]leP/ bf}8g] k'tnLx¿ kv]6f 89]/ d5{g\ . aflx/L :jfb, aflx/L cfgGbsf sf/0f w]/} c1fgL dflg;x¿n] b'b{zf ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 . leqL cfFvf x'g]x¿ ;w}F s'g} k|sf/sf ;d:ofdf kb}{gg\ .

dflg;sf] efjgfsf] ljrf/sf] hxfF;Dd k|Zg 5– leqL kl/jt{gdf g} ;lGgs6 kfOG5 . ;+;f/df dflg;n] cg]sf}F k|sf/sf /fhgLlts ;+u7gx¿ vf]nL leqleq} To;sf] lj:tf/ ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . tTsfnLg ;Qfsf] lj?4df nfUg] /fhgLlts ;+u7g leqleq} ;~rfng u/L ;Qf kl/jt{g u/]sf y'k|} 36gfx¿ 5g\ . /fd|f u'Ktr/n] lj/f]wLn] u/]sf leqL ;+u7g kQf nufP/ /fHoljIf]xnfO{ /f]Sg klg ;s]sf 5g\ . ljZjel/ cg]sf}F k|sf/sf] uf]Ko ;+u7gx¿ sfddf nfu]sf kfOG5g\ . leqL ;+u7gsf] k|jfxnfO{ gsfg{ klg ;lsFb}g . jf?bL ;'?ª leqleq} df6fdf / kfgLdf klg la5fOPsf 5g\ . hxL+ToxL+ sf/ ad lj:kmf]l6t ePsf 5g\ . gsfjwf/Lx¿n] sof}+sf] xTof u/]sf 5g\ . cft°jfb ljZjel/ g} leqleq} km}lnPsf] 5 . sxL+ wfld{s, sxL+ ;fDk|bflos, sxL+ If]qLo sxL+ hftLo u'Kt ;+u7gx¿ cfˆgf] ;+u7gsf] hfnf] km}nfpg leqL¿kn] nfu]sf 5g\ . 7"nf–7"nf /fHox¿ klg o:tf leqL ;+u7g kQf] nufpg g;sL x}/fg ePsf 5g\ . leqL /x:o rf]/L, 8s}t, xTof kQf nufpg s's'/sf] k|of]u klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 / klg leqL cft° /f]lsg ;s]sf] 5}g .

leqL zAbleq of] r/fr/ hut\ ljZj a|Xdf08df 3l6/xg] ;Dk"0f{ 36gf–>[ª\vnfx¿ k5{g\ . of] pm eg]/ 5'6\ofpg sl7g 5 . dflg;sf] ;txL 1fgn] slt g} 36gfsf] l6kf]6 ug{ ;S5 / Û of] ljZjdf n's]/ a;]sf cgGt cgGt j:t' 36gfx¿sf] leqL /x:o a'´]/ ;lsG5 / Û k|frLg o'udf Clifd'lgx¿ nfdf] tk:of ug]{ uy]{ . tk:ofsf] ann] x[bo rIf'åf/f eljiodf 36\g] 36gf / 3l6;s]sf k'/fgf 36gfx¿ pgLx¿ hfGby] . o;/L To;a]nf dgleq lrGtgsf] v]tL ug]{x¿ sl7geGbf sl7g sfo{ ug{ ;kmn x'Gy] . cfh klg leqL dgn] lrGtg ug]{x¿ ;kmn g} 5g\ . ;txL rrf{ / ljjfbn] s'g} 7f]; lg0f{o lgsfNg ;Sb}g . leqL rrf{ ubf{ jg:klt hut\tkm{ klg b[li6 lbg'k5{ . df6fleq}af6 af]6nfO{ rflxg] ;Dk"0f{ vfBkbfy{ h/fn] ;f];]/ ¿vnfO{ arfO/x]sf] kfOG5 . ¿vnfO{ 9Ngaf6 /f]Sg] sfd df6fleq h/fn] ul//x]sf 5g\ . kmnkm"n cflbnfO{ x]bf{ af]qmfleq c;nL u'bL n's]/ a;]sf] x'G5 . tf]/Lsf] t]n bfgfleq x'G5 . gl/jnsf] c;nL tTj h/fh'6 / va6fleq kfOG5 . wfgsf] e';leq rfdn kfOG5 . sfF8}sfF8fn] 9fs]sf] bfgfleq :jflbi6 kmn s6'; kfOG5 . cf]v/sf] kmn s8f va6fleq ;'/lIft /x]sf] x'G5 . df6fleq cfn', t?n, abfd cflb kfOG5g\ . s5'jfsf] z/L/ s8f xf8sf] va6fleq ;'/lIft x'G5 xfQLn] 6]Sbf klg s]xL x'Fb}g . ;d'Ifleq c;ª\Vo hn k|f0fL a:5g\ . df]tL k|fKt ug{ ;d'Ifleq k:g'k5{ . hLjhGt' k|f0fL af]6la?jfsf] aflx/L ¿k cfsf/ eg]sf] df6fleqsf] zlQms} ablnFbf] ¿k xf] . af]6la?jf kz' k|f0fLsf] cGTo ePkl5 df6fleq} lalng x'G5g\ . eGg'k5{– xfdL df6fsf km"n, kmn / af]6 xf}F . k[YjLleqaf6 km'6]/ lgl:sPsf] d"nsf] kfgL lkpg' /fd|f] / :jflbi6 x'G5 . eLid lktfdxnfO{ ;'gsf] srf}/fsf] kfgLn] ltvf{ d]6\g ;s]g . ch'{gsf] ufl08jaf6 k[YjL 5]8]/ leq}af6 lgl:sPsf] d"nsf] kfgLn] dfq pgsf] ltvf{ d]l6of] . of] ;+;f/sf cfkm"n] hfg]sf ofjt\ 36gf ljj/0f x]/]/ d s] lg0f{odf k'U5' eg] …leqÚ af6 g} 36gf, pTklQ, hLjg d/0f ;a}yf]s 3l6/x]5 . …leqÚ zAb cj0f{gLo /x]5 . To;}n] d klg n]Vg 5f]8]/ ;'6'Ss leq k;]F .

– d]rLgu/ gu/kflnsf– ^ ´fkf