Madhuparka (Mullekh (Nepal) )

g]kfnL d"lt{snfsf ;d:of / ;dfwfg

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g]kfnL d"lt{snfsf] ljifodf yfxf gkfpg] JolQm zfob lj/n} xf]nfg\ . o;}n] xfd|f] b]z g]kfn snf Pjd\ ;+:s[ltsf wgL egL ljZjel/ g} k|Voft 5 . oxL snf / ;+:s[ltn] g} xfd|f] ul/df a9fPsf] 5 . g]kfndf snfsf] ljsf;qmd ;Fu;Fu} nlntsnfnfO{ snfcGtu{t …rt'Mifi7L snfÚ cyf{t\ ^$ ljwfdf 5'§ofOPsf] kfOG5 M h:t}, lrqsnf, d"lt{snf, g[Tosnf jf:t'snf, jSt[Tjsnf, ufogsnf cflbcflb . t/ lrqsnf, d"lt{snf / jf:t'snfnfO{ g} d'Vou/L nlntsnf dfGg] xfd|f] rng 5 .

cfˆgf] efjgfnfO{ d"lt{dfkm{t cleJoQm ug'{nfO{ d"lt{snf elgG5 . o;nfO{ k|:t/, wft' sfi7, d[ltsf -df6f]sf]_ cflbsf] dfWodåf/f phfu/ ul/G5 . g]kfndf log} d"lt{snfnfO{ b'O{ ljwfdf 5'§ofOPsf 5g\ .

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-s_ k/Dk/fut d"lt{snf
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k/Dk/fut d"lt{snf eGgfn] k/Dk/fb]lv rNb} cfPsf] d"lt{ agfpg] snf eGg] a'l´G5 . of] snf k|frLgzf:qdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . o;cGtu{t klxn]klxn]sf tflGqs ah|frfo{, nfdf u'? tyf l;4 Clifd'lgx¿n] Wofgof]uaf6 kQf nufPsf b]jb]jLsf d"lt{x¿ kb{5g\ . o:tf d"lt{x¿ zf:qaf6 aflx/ uP/ agfPdf cy{sf] cgy{ x'ghfG5 . To;}n] k/Dk/fut d"lt{sf/x¿n] zf:qx¿sf] cWoog ug]{tkm{ hf]8 lbg' lgtfGt cfjZostf k5{ . t/ jt{dfg d"lt{sf/x¿df cWoogsf] cefjn] ubf{ h:tf] kfof] To:tf] d"lt{ agfP/ k};f sdfpg] dgf]j[lQ a9\g yfn]sf] e]l6G5 . o:tf sfo{n] g]kfnL k/Dk/fut d"lt{snfsf] 5ljnfO{ lbgfg'lbg abgfd ul//x]sf] 5 .

P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld

:joDe" k'/f0fcg';f/ Hof]lt{¿k >L :joDe" dxfr}To bz{gfy{ dxfrLgaf6 cfPsf] d~h'>Ln] gfubx¿kL ;'Gb/ hnfdo g]kfn pkTosfsf] kfgL aflx/ k7fO{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{ d~h'ktg gfds Ps ;'Gb/ gu/df kl/0ft ul/lbpmg\ . gu/sf] aLrdf snfTds ;'j0f{åf/, tf]/0fx¿ ePsf] ax'd"No /Tg hl8t /fhk|f;fb agfPsf lyP . gu/ k|j]z ug]{ åf/sf] bfofFafofF åf/kfn:j¿k dxfjL/sf k|tLs:j¿k l;+xsf d"lt{x¿ /flvPsf] s'/f pNn]v 5g\ . kl5 k|yd ls/fFtL /fhf onDa/n] ls/fFt]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] :yfkgf u/] . o;/L g]kfndf d"lt{snfsf] ;'?cft kfiff0f o'ub]lv g} ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . To:t} kz'klt cfo{3f6sf] lj?kfIf d"lt{, n=k'= Rof;nlx6Lsf] uhnIdL d"lt{ / ls/fFt /fhdftfsf] d"lt{x¿ cflb k|frLg ls/fFtsfnLg pTs[i6 d"lt{x¿df kb{5g\ .

g]kfndf d"lt{snfsf] ljsf; k|frLgsfnb]lv eP tfklg Jofj;flos ¿kdf eg] o;sf] ljsf; lnR5ljsfnb]lv dfq z'? ePsf] b]lvG5 . P]ltxfl;s /fhf dfgb]j k|ydåf/f kfrf}+ ztfAbLdf agfpg nufOPsf] rfFu'sf] lznf:tDe, dfgljxf/ Pjd\ cGo d"lt{x¿, lzjb]jåf/f agfpg nufOPsf ?b|j0f{ dxfljxf/ tyf d"lt{x¿, jfnfr'{g b]jåf/f h6fwf/L nf]s]Zj/ dLggfysf] d"lt{ / lji0f' u'Kt / eLdfh'{g b]jåf/f lgdf{0f ug{ nufOPsf a"9fgLns07 gf/fo0fsf] d"lt{x¿n] lnR5ljsfnnfO{ d"lt{snfsf] :j0f{o'u g} dflgPsf] 5 . To;a]nf g]kfnL d"lt{snfsf] ljsf; ug{ crf{ uf]i7L gfdsf] Pp6f cnUu uf]i7L g} v8f ul/Psf] lyof] . snfsf/x¿nfO{ o; uf]i7LcGt{ut d"lt{ agfpg] tflnd lbOGYof] . /fhs'df/L e[s'l6sf] ljjfx ltAatL /fhf ;|f]Ërf]ª\ uDkf]l;t x'Fbf zfSod'lg a'4, d}q]o af]lw;Tj / tf/fsf ljzfn d"lt{x¿sf] ;fy} s]xL g]kfnL snfsf/x¿ klg bfOhf]sf] ¿kdf lbP/ k7fPsf lyP .

dNnsfndf cfP/ nlntk'/, eQmk'/ / sf7df8f}+sf tLg /fhfx¿aLr Psn] eGbf csf]{n] /fd|f d"lt{snfsf] l;h{gf ug{ nufpg] k|lt:kwf{sf] efjgfn] ubf{ d"lt{snfn] c¿ km:6fpg] df}sf kfPsf lyP . log} k|lt:kwf{sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k kf6gdf s[i0f dlGb/, eLd;]g dlGb/, pdfz°/ dlGb/ cflb, eQmk'/df Goftkf]n dlGb/, krkGg‰ofn] b/af/nufot cGo ljleGg d"lt{x¿ tyf To:t} u/L sf7df8f}+df tn]h' dlGb/, sfn e}/jsf] d"lt{ / cGo c;ª\Vo d"lt{x¿ dNnsfndf agfOP .

dNnsfnLg /fhfx¿ :jod\ klg snfsf/ x'g'sf ;fy} snfsf kf/vL klg lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu kf6gsf] s[i0f dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug{sf] lglDt gS;f /fhf l;l4g/l;+x dNn :jod\n] tof/ u/]sf lyP . dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf] qmddf snfsf/x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbgsf] lglDt /fhf cfkm}+ e]6\g] ub{y] . To:t}, eQmk'/sf] Goftkf]n dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu /fhf e"ktLGb| dNnn] dlGb/sf] gS;f l8hfOg cfkm}n] u/]sf lyP eg] ;f]xL dlGb/sf] l;l4nIdLsf] d"lt{ c¿n] gSsn u/L agfpg gkfcf];\ eGg] clek|fon] cfˆg} lgu/fgLdf agfpg nufPsf lyP . ;f]¥xf}F ztfAbLlt/ kl08t Pjd\ snfsf/ ceo/fh zfSon] cfˆgf] lghL vr{af6 gf} xhf/ a'4sf d"lt{x¿ /fvL k|ydk6s g]kfndf 6]/fsf]6f -O{F6f_af6 lzv/ z}nLsf] dxfaf}4 dlGb/ agfP . pQm dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug{ tLg k':tfn] k}+tL; jif{ ;do nufPsf lyP . o;sf cnfjf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf tLg} zx/df cgluGtL d"lt{x¿ lgdf{0f eP . log} d"lt{x¿ clxn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf oqtq 5l/P/ /x]sf e]l6G5g\ tyf ko{6sx¿n] o;nfO{ Ps lsl;dsf] v'Nnf ;ª\u|xfnosf] ¿kdf lng] u5{g\ . plrt ;+/If0fsf] cefjdf log} d"lt{x¿ a]jfl/; cj:yfdf dfq xf]Ogg\, gi6 x'g] cj:yfdf ;d]t k'lu;s]sf 5g\ .

zfxsfndf cTolws ;do o'4df latfOP klg d"lt{snfsf] ljsf; gePsf] xf]Og . lqk'/]Zj/sf] lqk'/f;'Gb/L tyf xg'dfg9f]sf cufl8sf] lzjkfj{tLsf d"lt{x¿ pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . t/ !)$ jif{ /f0ffsfndf b/af/x¿ tyf d"lt{x¿ eg] ljb]zL z}nLdf ljb]zd} agfpg yflnP . o;af6 g]kfnL d"lt{sf/x¿nfO{ 7"nf] dsf{ kg{ uPsf] dfq xf]Og g]kfnL snfsf/x¿sf] zLkdf ¥xf; cfpg] nIf0f b]vf kg{ yfNof] .

lj=;++ @))& ;fnkZrft\ g]kfnL snf If]qdf csf]{ ah|kft kg{ yfNof] . To;tfsf g]kfnLx¿ ef/tsf] tLy{ofqfdf hfg yfn] . kms{+bf tL tLy{ofqLx¿n] ef/taf6 ljleGg b]jb]jLsf d"lt{sf kmf]6f] tyf kf]i6/x¿ Nofpg yfn] . tL kmf]6f] tyf kf]i6/x¿n] g]kfnL snfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg{ yfNof] . g]kfn lelqPsf To:tf kmf]6f] tyf kf]i6/x¿sf] gSsn u/L oxfF ef/tLo z}nLdf d"lt{x¿ lgdf{0f x'g yfn]kl5 oxfFsf] df}lns z}nL klg la:tf/ la:tf/} nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf cfOk'Uof] . t/ lj=;+= @)$^ ;fnkl5 s]xL snfk|]dL lzlIft g]kfnL snfsf/x¿n] k|frLg g]kfnL d"lt{snfsf ljleGg kmf]6f] Pjd\ k':tsx¿ cWoog u/L s]xL xb;Dd eP klg g]kfnL snfdf df}lnstf Nofpg] pBf]utkm{ nfu] . t/ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] a]jf:tfsf] sf/0faf6 o:tf k|of;n] vf; kl/jt{g Nofpg ;s]sf] eg] b]lvPg .

g]kfnsf s]xL Voflt k|fKt snfsf/

k|frLgsfnb]lv clxn];Dddf cfP/ slt ;ª\Vofdf d"lt{x¿ l;h{gf eP To;sf] cfFs8f e]l6+b}g . oxfFsf sltko snfs[ltx¿sf] :yfkgf sfnaf/] hfgsf/L lbg] ltlyldltsf ;fy} /fhf jf bftfsf] gfd pNn]v ePsf lznfkq tfd|kqx¿ k|z:t kfOG5g\, t/ agfpg] snfsf/sf] gfd eg] st} klg pNn]v ePsf] e]l6Fb}g . klxn]–klxn] lgdf{0f ePsf To:tf d"lt{x¿df snfsf/x¿sf] gfd pNn]v gx'g'af6 g]kfnL snfsf/x¿ plxn] b]lv g} zf]lift lyP eGg] s'/f ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . cWoog / cg';Gwfg u/L To:tf snfsf/x¿sf] gfd k|sfzdf Nofpg ;s]sf] v08df g]kfnL d"lt{snf If]qdf c¿ 7f]; of]ubfg k'Ug;Sg] s'/fdf b'O{dt gxf]nf . o;} l;nl;nfdf g]kfnsf] Oltxf;nfO{ pHHjndo kfg{ ;kmn /x]sf s]xL snfsf/x¿af/] ;ª\lIfKtdf rrf{ ug{ rfxG5' .

snfsfl/tfsf] If]qdf c/lgsf] Pp6f pbfx/0fLo gfd xf] . t]¥xf}F ztfAbLsf oL c/lgsf]n] tTsfnLg rLgsf afbzfx s'Anfo vfFsf] lgdGq0ffdf *) hgf g]kfnL snfsf/x¿sf] g]t[Tj u/L ltAat / rLgdf uO{ y'k|} snfs[ltx¿ lgdf{0f u/] . pgsf] snfsfl/tfaf6 k|efljt eO{ rLgsf afbzfxn] lognfO{ pRr kb k|bfg u/L ;Ddfg u/] . pgsf s[ltx¿ clxn];Dd klg ltAat tyf rLgdf cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 .

o;/L g} u'0fwd{ csf{ pNn]vgLo JolStTjsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . c/lgsf]sf] ;doeGbf rf/;o jif{cufl8 cf7f}F ztfAbLdf OG8f]g]l;ofsf] hfefdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] …af]/f]a'b'/Ú r}To log} g]kfnL snfsf/ u'0fwd{n] agfPsf] s'/f xfn} rrf{df cfPsf] e]l6G5 . ´08} :joDe" 8fF8fsf] cfwf efu cf]u6]sf] pQm r}Todf af}4 hftsdf cfwfl/t s/La % xhf/ hlt t;lj/ ePsf] % ;o $ j6f eJo a'4d"lt{x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ .

To;}u/L, ;f]¥xf}F ztfAbLlt/sf Ps csf{ d"lt{sf/ ljlht l;+xsf] gfd klg xfn} k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . ltgn] g]kfnsf] ;'b"/ klZrdsf af}4 u'Dafx¿df, zfSod'lg a'4, jh|kfl0f, v;{kfl0f l;+x, zfb"{n, P]/fjt / sLlt{d'vsf] wft' tyf k|:t/sf d"lt{x¿ agfP/ uPsf lyP . logL nlntk'/ lgjf;L lyP . oL dxfg\ snfsf/sf] :d[ltdf To; u'Dafdf Pp6f u'7L g} :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 h'g cBflk ljBdfg 5 .

o:tf snfsf/x¿sf kª\lQmdf k+= ceo/fhsf] gfd klg cu| :yfgdf cfp5 . ;f]¥xf}F ztfAbLs} oL kl08t Pjd\ dxfg\ snfsf/ ceo/fh zfSon] nlntk'/df lzv/ z}nLsf] dxfaf}4 dlGb/ lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . u'0fwd{, c/lgsf], ljlht l;+x tyf ceo/fh zfSosf] cnfjf c¿ y'k|} snfsf/x¿af/] cWoog–cg';Gwfg x'g' lgtfGt h?/L 5 .

o;sf] cy{ clxn] g]kfndf s]xL ePs} 5}g eGg vf]lhPsf] xf]Og . l;l4/fh zfSo, -d'g]d/fh_ zfSo, xif{axfb'/ zfSo, a'4/Tg ah|frfo{, dbg kfVof, pQd/fh zfSo tyf sfn' s'dfn]x¿sf gfd jt{dfg snf If]qdf k/Dk/fut d"lt{sf/x¿sf ¿kdf cufl8 b]vf k5{g\ . d"lt{snf If]qdf logLx¿sf] gfd l;4x:t snfsf/x¿sf ¿kdf cfpF5 . logLx¿sf] plrt sb/ tyf ;+/If0f x'g' lgtfGt h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . olb logLx¿nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f lbg ;lsPg eg] of] b]zsf] lgldQ g} 7"nf] Iflt x'g ;Sg]5 .

g]kfnL d"lt{snfsf] ;d:of / ;dfwfgx¿ M

t'ngfTds b[li6sf]0fn] x]g]{ xf] eg] ljb]zL d"lt{snfsf] bfFhf]df g]kfnL d"lt{snfn] cGt/f{li6«o hut\sf] x[bo lhTg eg] ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . pgLx¿sf] snfsfl/tf :t/Lo eP tfklg pRr k|ljlwsf] cefjn] ubf{ pgLx¿ sd ;dodf sd d"Nosf d"lt{x¿ lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . gofF k|ljlwaf/] pgLx¿nfO{ sd dfq 1fg 5 . kl/0ffd:j¿k PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf gjf]lbt snfsf/x¿ klg cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'Qm ljb]zL snfsf/x¿l;t k/Dk/fut z}nLdf :jb]zdf a;]/ k|lt:kwf{ ul//xg' k/]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] df/df k/]/ oL snfsf/x¿ 7f8} dsf{df k/]sf 5g\ . To;dfly cfkm";Fu ePsf] k/Dk/fut zLk tyf k|ljlw l;sfpg] kl/kf6L gePaf6 Pp6f snfsf/sf] 1fg d[To'kZrft\ pgL;Fu} lanfP/ uPsf] xfdL b]lv/x]sf 5f}F . cyf{t\ Pp6f JolQmsf] d[To';Fu p;sf] zLk klg lanfP/ hfg]5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL zLko'Qm k|ljlwx¿ nf]k eO{ hfg' :jfefljs g} xf] . csf]{ cy{df eGg] xf] eg] k|ltli7t l;4x:t d"lt{sf/x¿sf] plrt sb/ gx'g' tyf pgLx¿df ePsf] 1fgnfO{ hu]gf{ ug{ g;Sg' g]kfnL zLk ¥xf; x'ghfgfsf] k|d'v sf/0f dfGg ;lsG5 .

k/Dk/fut d"lt{snfsf] cWofkg x'g] s'g} ljBfno, sn]h jf OlG:6Ro'6 cflbsf] cefj o;sf] csf]{ sf/0f xf] . ljBdfg g]kfn clw/fHosf] Pp6f dfq SofDk; nlntsnf SofDk;df klg k/Dk/fut d"lt{snfnfO{ s'g} :yfg lbPsf] b]lvFb}g . klxn]klxn]h:t} laxf/x¿df r"8fsd{kZrft\ -;f]xL ljxf/df_ …ci6fbz lzNkljwfÚ l;sfpg] rng clxn] x/fO;s]sf] 5 . o; k/Dk/fdf ;jf]{Ts[i6 Ps lzionfO{ u'?n] cfˆgf] pQ/flwsf/L dfgL ;Dk"0f{ zLk l;sfOGYof] . o;nfO{ u'? lzio k/Dk/f elgGYof] . xfn of] k/Dk/f klg g]kfndf nf]k eO;s]sf] 5 . kmn:j¿k :jR5Gb ¿ksf d"lt{snfn] 7"nf] ljs[lt km}nfO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu -jL0ff ;dfpg nufpg'kg]{ ;/:jtLnfO{ aGb's ;dfpg lbg], d'08dfnf nufpg] eujtLnfO{ a'4sf] 6fpsfsf] dfnf nufpg]h:tf ljs[ltx¿ NofO/fv]sf 5g\ . ;DalGwt lgsfon] o;nfO{ ;dod} /f]syfd ug{ g;s] o;n] g]kfnL d"lt{snf IF]qsf] 7"nf] ab\gfd x'Fb} hfg] 5 . o;df zfob b'O{dt gxf]nf .

k/Dk/fut g]kfnL d"lt{x¿ lgdf{0f ug{ sRrf kbfy{x¿sf] cfjZos k5{ . o:tf kbfy{x¿ :jb]zd} k|fKt x'g] eP tfklg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] :ki6 gLlt gePsf]n] g]kfnL snfsf/x¿ xtf]T;fxL x'g' k/]sf] 5 . k|:t/ d"lt{sf/sf] lglDt :jb]zdf g} sRrf kbfy{ pknAw x'g;Sg] eP tfklg ljleGg ljefu tyf lgsfox¿af6 eO/xg] afwf c8\rg cflbn] ;dodf 9'Ëf pknAw gx'g], d"lt{ agfpg] 9'Ëfx¿ 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ hudf k|of]u ug]{ OToflb pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . To:t}, sfi7 d"lt{sf/x¿sf] lglDt c;nvfnsf] sf7 gkfpg', wft'snfsf] lglDt wft' ;dodf g} gkfpg', wft' kufNbf gfKg] tfkdfks oGq tyf plrt Nofa gx'g' cflb s]xL ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿ x'g\ . o:tf ;d:ofx¿ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]kfnL d"lt{sf/x¿ /lQe/ xtf]T;fxL geO{ cfˆgf] uGtJotkm{ cufl8 a9\b} 5g\ .

;dli6df eGg] xf] eg] oL ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg u/L d"lt{snfsf] ljsf; ug]{ g} xf] eg] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿, g]=/f=k|=k|= tyf ;DalGwt ljz]if1x¿sf] 5gf]6sf ;fy 5nkmn u/L To;af6 lg:s]sf ;'´fj tyf ;NnfxnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ePdf dfq g]kfnL d"lt{snfsf] ljsf; x'g] ;Dej b]vfk5{ . cGoyf o;sf] eljio lbg k|ltlbg cGwsf/d} ?dln/x]sf] rrf{ ubf{ cTo'lQm gxf]nf .