n3'syf

oGqjt\

— s[i0f ahufO{+

cfw'lgs zx/sf] Ps s'gfdf dflg;x¿sf] eL8 a9\bf] lyof] . eL8sf dflg;x¿ a8f] cfZro{ dfGb} dHhf lnO/x]sf lyP . ToxfF eL8 hDdf u/]sf] lyof] oGqdfgjn] . b'?:t dfgj ´}+ nfUg] To; oGqdfgjn] k"/} dfgj xfp–efpsf] gSsn ub{Yof] / a]nfa]nfdf cgf}7f] cfjfh lgsfn]/ dflg;x¿nfO{ af]nfpFbYof] . eL8sf dflg;x¿ To;nfO{ lj1fgsf] pRrtd\ cfljisf/ 7fgL cfZro{rlst eP/ x]l//x]sf lyP .

eL8sf ;a} dflg;x¿ To; oGqdfgjnfO{ glhs}af6 lgofln/x]sf lyP . sf]xL To; oGqdfgj;Fu a8f] cf/fdn] xft ldnfO/x]sf lyP . sf]xL crDd dfg]/ To;nfO{ ;'d;'DofO/x]sf lyP . sf]xL ;Fu}a;L kmf]6f] lvrfO/x]sf lyP . eL8sf s]xL j[4j[4f eujfg\sf] cfw'lgs cjtf/ 7fgL To; oGqdfgjsf] r/0f :kz{ ul//x]sf lyP .

dflg;x¿sf] eL8 lgSs} al9;s]sf] lyof] . PSsfl; oGqdfgjn] dfgj cfjfh lgsfNof] ævfgsf nflu b'O{–rf/ ?lkofF kfpF xh'/Æ eGb} oGqdfgjn] eL8df xft k;f¥of] . eL8sf dflg;x¿ crlDdt eP .

s;/L oGqdfgj dfG5] ´}+ af]Ng ;S5 < oGqdfgjnfO{ k};fsf] s] sfd <… <<< eL8sf dflg;x¿ k|Zg–k|ltk|Zg ug{yfn] . oGqdfgjn] dL7f] cfjfhdf eGof] –æo; cfw'lgs hdfgfsf] of] cfw'lgs zx/df d}n] eLv dfUg] tl/sf dfq kl/jt{g u/]sf] x'F . jf:tjdf d xh'/x¿h:t} dfG5] x'F .Æ p;sf] o:tf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 eL8sf dflg;x¿ oGqjt\ eP .

– w/fg -xfn a]lNhod_

;Gq:t dgx¿

dx]zljqmd zfx

;fF´sf] 5 gaHb} h;dfof cfˆgL5f]/L ´SsnL;lxt ´f]k8Ldf kmls{g\ . lk7\o"Fdf a]/]sf] alv{leq 5f]/f] k';] rNdnfO/x]sf] 5 . laxfgb]lv xgxg Hj/f]n] /flkPsf] 5 pm . tLg dlxg] 5f]/f]nfO{ sfvdf /fv]/ lgwf/ d';fb}{ b"w r';fpg] km';{t\ klg 5}g pgnfO{ . af¥x jif{sL ´SsnLn] klg jo:s cfdf ´}+ 6fpsf]dfly Ps s§f lu§Lsf] af]´f] af]s]sL 5] . lnjfËahf/ jl/kl/sf vf]nf–vf]N;f / kx/fx¿ rxfb}{ lbgel/ lu§L s'6\g' ;fF´ 5 gaHb} lu§Lsf] af]/f af]s]/ 5fk|f] kmls{g' pgLx¿sf] lbgrof{ xf] .

;fF´sf] 5 ah]kl5 /f]Nkfsf] ;b/d'sfd lnafËdf c3f]lift sˆo"{ nfU5 . 3/–3/sf ‰ofn–9f]sfx¿ aGb x'G5g\ / lbge/ u'Ghg] rsf{ :j/x¿ klg z'is aG5g\ . cfˆgf] ufpF3/af6 lj:yflkt eO{ lnafËdf si6s/ hLjgofkg ul//x]sf z/0ffyL{x¿sf cg'xf/x¿ ´g\ bogLo aG5g\ . cFWof/f]df km}lnPsf] ;Ggf6fn] jftfj/0fnfO{ ´g\ c;xh agfpF5 / cfh /flt s] x'g] xf] < eGg] eon] dfG5]sf dgx¿ ql;t x'G5g\ .

laxfg 3/af6 aflxl/+bf h;dfofn] 3/h:tf] 5f]8]/ uPsL lyOg\ kms{+bf klg To:t} lyof] . 5fgf] eTs]sf] / lnpg pKs]sf] 3/sf] hL0f{ 9f]sf P]n];Dd aGb} lyof] . w"nw';l/t cfFugdf e':ofxf s's'/x¿ ª\of/ª'/ ul//x]sf lyP . kNnf]3/sL 3lt{gL ;fOFnL unf kmf8]/ /f]O/x]sf] cfˆgf] ;fgf] 5f]/f]nfO{ r"k u/fpFb} lyOg\ …r"k nfu, gq P]n] dfpjfbL cfpF5 .Ú

h;dfofn] 3/sf] 9f]sf vf]n]/ leq k|j]z ul/g\ . 3/leq efF8fs'F8fx¿ c;/Nn 5g\ . cf]bfgdfly /flvPsf] l8a]df 5f]8]/ uPsf] l9+8f] h:tfsf] t:t} 5, s;}n] Ps ufF; l´s]/ vfPsf] 5}g . æTof] hF8\ofxfnfO{ cfh klg 3/ cfO{ Ps ufF; l9+9f] l6Kg] km';{b ePg 5 . ;a}sf 3/sf 9f]sf 9lKs;s], sxfF /lNn/x]sf] xf]nf Tof] ´Nnf] .Æ

nf]Ug]sf] lrGtfn] h;dfofn] v'O{+o ;':s]/f 5f]l8g\ . 5f]/f]nfO{ 3/sf] Ps s'gfdf yfª\gfdf ;'tfP/ h;dfof efF8fs'F8fx¿ df‰g yflN5g\ . cfdfnfO{ ;F3fpFb} ´SsnL lr;f] r'Nxf]df cfuf] ´f]:g yfN5] . b'j}aLr ;+jfbsf] cfjZostf 5}g, r"krfk cfˆgf] b}lgsLsf] hf]xf] ul//x]5g\ ltgLx¿ . 3/aflx/af6 dfG5]sf] sNofªdNofª cfO/x]sf] 5}g . h'7f efF8f d:sfO/x]sL h;dfofn] cfˆgf sfgx¿ b}nf]lt/ nufOg\ . sf]xLnfO{ pgLnfO{ 9f]sf aflx/af6 k'sfl//x]sf] lyof] . ælbbL Û lbbL P lbbL .Æ

h;dfofn] xQgkQ efF8fx¿ kvfn]/ r"Nxf]lt/ /fvL b}nf] p3fl/g\ . aflx/ cfFugdf b'O{j6L ev{/sL o'jtLx¿ sf]xL lgl:sG5 ls eGg] cfzfdf 9f]sflt/ Jou| eP/ x]l//x]sf lyP . tL b'j}n] n'FuL / rf]nf] nufPsL lyOg\ / sDd/df ufbf] le/]sL lyOg\ . b'j}sf] lk7\o"Fdfly ;fgf] 8f]sf] klg lyof] . h;dfofnfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} tL o'jtLx¿sf] cg'xf/ pHoflnof] . cfkm'lt/ cfFvf ;fgf kfb}{ x]l//x]sL ;f]rdUg h;dfofsf] Wofg eË ub}{ tLdWo]sL Pp6L af]nL æltdLn] xfdLnfO{ lrlggf} lbbL, d wf}nL clg of] dgs'df/L Û xfdL cfh} Ol/afËaf6 cfPsf xf} .Æ æP af:;} wf}nL tF Û cfh o;a]nf sxfFaf6 6'Kn'Ss cfOk'Uof} ltdLx¿ ÛÛÆ h;dfofsf] unf v'N5 . pgsf] rfpl/Psf] cg'xf/sf /]vfx¿ xiff{lt/]sn] v'lDrG5g\ . æufpFaf6 cfh} cfPsf Û lbpF;f] vfgf vfP/ lx+8]sf xf}, 7\ofSs} 5 306f nfUof] lnafË k'Ug .Æ olt eGb}wf}nLn] h;dfofnfO{ 9f]u u/L . p;sf] cg'z/0f u/L dgs'df/Ln] klg .

h;dfofn] cfˆgf ufpFn] alxgLx¿sf] skfn :kz{ ul/g\ . cfˆgf v;|f xftx¿n] ltgsf ufnfx¿ ;xnfOg\ . ltgsf z/L/af6 cfO/x]sf] uGw ljz'4 ufpFn] uGw lyof] . ufpFsf] df6f]sf] ;'jf; h;dfofsf /Qm gzfx¿df k|jflxt eof] . cfsfzlt/ x]b}{ pgn] nfdf] pR5\jf; 5f]l8g\ . tL b'O{ o'jtLx¿sf] cfudgn] h;dfofnfO{ cfˆgf] Kof/f] ufpF Ol/jfË g} cfˆgf] ;Dd'v k|s6 eP´}+ nfUof] . df6f]sf] ;'jf; ;'F3]/ ´g\ t[Kt eof] pgsf] dg . If0fe/d} dgleqsf] ckf/ v'zL cfF;' ag]/ 5rlNsof] pgsf cfFvfx¿af6 .

d}n] ufpF 5f]8\bf slnn} lyof} ltdLx¿, lat]sf kfFr jif{df t xnSs ss{nf] a9]´}+ eP5f} . x]/ of] wf}nL t ´g\ slt /fd|L eO5 . af¥x jif{sL x'Fbf;Dd klg o;sf gfsaf6 l;+ufgsf] wf/f] alu/xGYof] .Æ

æca klg s] afns} x'Fnf / lbbL ÛÆ lsl~rt k|ltsf/sf] efiffdf af]nL wf}nL . t/ p;sf] af]nfOdf /f]if eGbf klg cfb/ / ckgTjsf] 3gTj a9L lyof] . æd]/f nflu t ltdLx¿ P]n] klg aRr} 5f}, d]/L 5f]/L ´SsnLh:t} .Æ h;dfofn] cg'xf/df :g]xfl;St efj pdf/]/ cfˆgL ufpFn] alxgLx¿tkm{ x]l/g\ . ltgsf d}nf cg'xf/x¿df dGb–dGb d':sfg gflr/x]sf] lyof] . tL b'j}nfO{ 3/df cf>o lbPkl5 h;dfofn] wf}nL;Fu cfˆgf] ufpFsf] xfnva/ ;f]lwg\ . ;+If]kdf ;a} a]lnla:tf/ nufPkl5 cGTodf wf}nLn] egL æxfd|F] ufpF ca klxnfsf] ufpF /x]g lbbL, aGb's af]s]sf dfG5]x¿ 3'O+3'OtL ufpF rxfl//fV5g\ . aGb's af]s]sf] hf] dfG5] b]v] klg df5{h:tf] nfU5 .Æ

3/aflx/ hf8f]sf] 3gTj al9/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f hL0f{, elTsg]qmddf /x]sf] 3/leq cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ul//x]sL h;dfofnfO{ eg] cfh Gofgf] a9]sf] cfef; ePsf] 5 . r"Nxf] jl/kl/ uf]nf] 3]/f agfP/ efª\u|f]dfly a;]sf 5g\ tL tLg} hgf . h;dfofn] ev{/ l8a]df l9+8f] a;fn]sL l5g\ . lbge/ lu§L s'6\bfs'6\bf l5ofl5of ag]sf pgsf xftsfcf}+nfx¿df klg cfh :jM:km"t{ ultzLntf a9]sf] 5 .

wf}nLn] h;dfofsf] 5f]/f]nfO{ sfvdf /fv]/ v]nfO/x]sL 5] . dgs'df/L ´SsnLnfO{ cFufnf]df a]b}{ ufpFsf] j0f{g ;'gfO/x]sL 5] . h;dfofsf] 5f]/f] k';] klg wf}nLsf] sfvsf] Gofgf]df n'6k'l6O/x]sf] 5 . wf}nLsf] sfvdf uhwDd al;/x]sf] cfˆgf] 5f]/f]nfO{ x]b}{ h;dfof d':s'/fpFl5g\ . pgsf] o; d':sfgdf nfdf] ;dosf] k|tLIffkZrft\ k|fKt t[lKtsf] 5gs ldNb5 .

ælbbLx¿ ufpF kms]{sf] eP slt /fd|f] x'GYof] ÛÛÆ wf}nLn] cl3b]lv unfdf ufF7f]kf/L /fv]sf zAbx¿ km'sfO{ . h;dfofn] cfFvf prfn]/ wf}nLlt/ x]l/g\ . kGo"n] l9+8f] rnfO/x]sf] pgsf] xft cs:dft\ a|]s nfu]sf] uf8Lsf] kfª\u|f´}+ l:y/ aG5 .

æxfdL ufpF kmls{g] ÛÛÆ dw'/f] :j/n] a'ba'bfpFl5g\ pgL . cl3;Dd xFl;nf] b]lvPsf] pgsf] cg'xf/ ufpF kmls{g] k|;Ën] dfq klg lgGofp/f] x'G5 . h;dfofsf cfFvfx¿ st} e6\lsg yfN5g\, st} n'sfdf/L v]N5g\ pgsf cfFvfx¿ ÛÛ Ol/afËsf] Tof] ;'Gb/ ufpFdf slt ;'vL lyof] pgsf] kl/jf/ . pgsf] nf]Ug] k]jf/fd v]tL uYof]{, pgL u[x:yL ;DxflNyg\ . Ps ufF; l9+8f] vfP/ klg v'zL lyP ltgLx¿ Û km';{tdf 3/sf] cfFugdf ;okqL / nfn'kft] km"nx¿ /f]lKyg\ . ;fF´ 3/sf] cfFugdf h"g cf]n{GYof] . h"gsf] 6x6xdf pgsf] h]7f]5f]/f] rGb|] dfbn 3GsfpFYof] . dfbnsf] tfndf ufpFn]x¿ l;+uf? gfFr uDsfpFy] . pgL cfˆgf] nf]Ug]sf] ;'Nkfdf tDafs" eb}{ lbge/sf] tgfj la;{lGyg\, pgsf] nf]Ug] k]jf/fd lrnd tfGb} lbge/sf] ysfg e'NYof] . tL ufpFn] lyP, ul/a lyP t/ ltgLx¿sf kf]N6fdf zflGt lyof], ;Gtf]if lyof] . ;fF´ cf]5\ofgdf 9n]kl5 Ps}rf]l6 s'v'/fsf] 8fFsdf lapFl´Gy] ltgLx¿ . pgLx¿sf] hLjg ;du|¿kdf zfGt lyof], ;/n lyof] / ;'Gb/ lyof] .

æwf}nL xfd|f] 3/ eTs]sf] t 5}g xF < h;dfofsf] :j/ e/f{Psf] 5 .

ædfG5] gePsf] 3/, geTs]sf] eP klg eTs]´}|+ 5 . Tof] 3/ x]bf{ xfdLnfO{ ?g dgnfU5 lbbL . ltdLn] :ofpsf af]6x¿ :ofxf/ gkfP/ ´f8L alg;s] . aiff}{+b]lv v]t afF´} 5, xfd|f] dg eg] s6Ss sfl6G5 lbbLsssÛÆ l8a]df l9+8f] 56\sfO{ /x]sL h;dfofn] cfFvfaf6 t'?Ss cfF;'x¿ wf}nLn] gb]Vg] u/L wf]tLsf] 5]pn] ;n{Ss k'l5g\ . æclg lbbL ´SsnLsf af vf]O{ t <Æ cfˆgf] d'G6f] bfofF–afofF a6fb}{ wf}nLn] lh1f;f /fvL .

æpmsssÛÛ sxL+ /S;L wf]s]/ al;/x]sf] xf]nf . of t /S;Lsf] dftn] st} /5fgdf nl8/x]sf] xf]nf . lbge/ s's'/n] 3/–3/ rxf/]/ snf] l6k]´}+ s–s;sf 3/ rxf/]/ /S;L wf]S5, clg /ftk/]kl5 3/df /8fsf] dRrfpF5 . sxL+ gePsf] ´Nnf] xfdLnfO{ ;f:tL dfq lbG5 .æ h;dfofsf] :j/df nfrf/L / ljjztf ´lNsG5 .

wf}nL / dgs'df/L eg] h;dfofsf] dgsf] j]bgf a'‰b5g\ / r"k nfU5g\ . r"Nxf]df aln/x]sf] cfuf]sf] e'ª\u|f]nfO{ tfls/x]sf tLgsf cfFvfx¿df y'k|} lh1f;fx¿ knfPsf 5g\ . æufpF 5f]8]/ cfPb]lv g} ´SsnLsf afsf] r]t kms]{sf] 5}g . x§f–s§f hjfg 5f]/f]nfO{ u'dfpg' kbf{sf] lk/nf]n] ;w}+ ufFh]sf] 5 pgsf] dg . t/ oL afn–aRrfsf] cg'xf/ x]/]/ cfˆgf] b'MvnfO{ dgleq} bafP/ /fv]sL 5' d}n] .Æ h;dfof cfˆgf dd{x¿ kf]Vb} lyOg\, b}nf]df s;}n] 3¥ofs u¥of] / Xjf:; /S;Lsf] rsf]{ uGw sf]7fleq km}lnof] . h;dfofn] b}nf]lt/ x]l/g\ . b}nf]sf] ;+3f/df ltgsf] nf]Ug] 9f]sfsf] c8]; nufO{ plePsf] lyof] . wf}nL / ltn;/fn] klg 9f]sflt/ x]l/g\ . 9f]sfdf Ps s[ifsfo JolQm plePsf] lyof] . lhl/Ë skfn, n¶ k/]sf lrD;f cfFvfx¿ ´f]lNnPsf ufnfx¿ / n8\v8fO/x]sf p;sf v'§fx¿n] pm cfkm"k|lt k"0f{ nfk/jfx 5 eGg] s'/f bzf{pFYof] . cfFvfdf y'k|} efjx¿ pdf/]/ pm Sjf/SjftL{ r"Nxf]df cfuf] tfkL al;/x]sf wf}nL / dgs'df/LnfO{ x]l//x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf clgolGqt eP tfklg p;sf cfFvfsf]x]/fOn] eg] pm cfˆgf] cj:yfk|lt k"0f{ ;r]t 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;°]t ldNbYof] . cfˆgf cfFvfx¿ grfpFb} pm o;/L 3/leq lgofln/x]sf] lyof] dfgf}+ pm Ps k|x/L cg';Gwfg clws[t xf] hf] s'g} 36gf:ynsf] ;"Id cjnf]sg ul//x]5 .

s]xLa]/;Dd o;/L 3f]lTn/x]kl5 pm n8\v8fpFb} ;+3f/d} 3f]K6f] k¥of] .

æ;w}+ /ft k¥of] ls ltd|f] kL/n] dg efFlRrG5 ´SsnLsf af Û ca ltdLnfO{ kf] /S;Ln] vfg yfNof] .Æ h;dfofn] nf]Ug]nfO{ xftsf] ;xf/f lbOg\ / r"Nxf] 5]pdf NofP/ a;flng\ . æ´SsnLsL cfdf oL … oL … sf] x'g\ <Æ k]jf/fdn] tL b'O{ o'jtLx¿tkm{ OlËt ub}{ cf}+nf] 78\ofof] . æd]/L ufpFn] alxgLx¿ x'g\, cfh dfq Ol/afËaf6 lnafË ´/]sf . ef]ln g'g lnP/ ufpF kms{G5g\ .Æ

tL b'O{ o'jtLx¿sf] kl/ro lb+b} h;dfof tfKs]df u'Gb|'ssf] ´f]n pdfNg] t/v/df nflU5g\ .

æsxfFaf6 cfPsf /] ÛÛÆ

æOl/afËaf6 .Æ

ælsg cfPsf <Æ

æg'g lng cfPsf, cl3 elgg d}n] ltdLnfO{ ÛÛÆ

æclg xfd|f] 3/df lsg cfPsf lg ÛÛÆ k]jf/fdn] yk k|Zg t]:of{of] . p;sf] k|Zgaf6 a'‰g ;lsGYof] ls pm tL b'O{ o'jtLx¿sf] pkl:yltdf v'zL lyPg .

æufpFn] lbbLsf] dfofn] cfPsf lg . Tolt klg a'‰b}gf} ltdL . e]6\g cfPsf lyP . cfh oxL a; ef]ln hfcf}nf eg]+ d}n] . cfh logLx¿ s] cfPsf lyP, xfd|f] ufpF Ol/afË g} cfOk'Uof] oxfF, a'‰of} ´SsnLsf af ÛÛÆ

h;dfofsf] :j/df v'zL 5 . of] v'zLnfO{ cfˆgf] nf]Ug]5]p k'¥ofpg rfxlG5g\ pgL . nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fnkl5 cfˆgf] z/0ffyL{ hLjgsf] JoyfnfO{ e'n]/ pgL tGb|fdf eP klg ufpF kmls{PsL l5g\ . cfˆgf] ufpF Ol/afË ÛÛ pgsf] z/L/df cfh Ps cgf}7f] :km"lt{ b]lvPsf] 5 . h;dfofdf b]vfk/]sf] o; kl/jt{gn] k]jf/fd lhNn k5{ . cfh ;fF´ l6Nn k/]/ 3/ kmls{+bf 6f]n} yls{g] u/L ufnL klg t ul/g p;n] . k]jf/fdsf] dg cl:y/ 5, s] u?F, s] gu?Fsf] WofpGgdf ?dlnO/x]sf] 5 pm . 3/df b'O{ gofF s]6Lx¿sf] pkl:yltn] p;sf] gzf cf]¥xfnf] nfUb} lyof] . p;n] ss]{ cfFvfn] tL b'O{ s]6Lx¿lt/ x]¥of] . lz/b]lv k}+tnf;Dd cfvf uf8L–uf8L x]¥of] . x[:6k'i6, afl§Psf] z/L/, xftsf kfv'/f klg df]6fdf]6f, cf}+nfsf ufF7fx¿df 5fnf pw|]sf] . logsf v'§fx¿ ´g\ tu8f x'g\g ÛÛ logn] st} 5fkfdf/sf] tflnd lnPsf t xf]Ogg\ ÛÛ k]jf/fdsf] dlyËn dlRrG5 . k';sf] hf8f]df klg sgk6Ldf lr6lr6 kl;gf pd|G5 . o; cg'dfgn] dfq ls ltgLx¿ dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/ x'g ;S5g\ p;sf] dgdl:tisdf r/d 3[0ff / pQ]hgfsf] cfj]u k|jflxt x'G5 . o'jtLx¿tkm{ Ps s7f]/ b[li6 uf8\b} p;n] hf]8 hf]8n] Vjfsv's unf vsfb}{ vsf/ ldl;Psf] y'ssf] Ps 8Nnf] agfP/ 3/sf] s'gfdf YjfSs y'Sof] . cfkm"n] y's]sf] kmf]xf]/lt/ p;n] o;/L x]¥of] dfgf} Tof] kbfy{ kmf]xf]/ geP/ p;sf] cGt/s'Gt/af6 lgl:sPsf] 3[0ff / /f]ifsf] k|lt¿k xf] . wf}nLn] ´:s]/ k]jf/fdlt/ gh/ bf}8fO{ . k]jf/fd p;dfly g} b[li6 ufl8/x]sf] 5 . p;sf] x]/fO ;fdfGo x]/fO 5}g, b'D;Lsf] sfF8feGbf klg sFl6nf] 5 p;sf] x]/fO . æltdLx¿ lsg cfPsf lnjfË <Æ k]jf/fdsf] :j/df ckgTj 5}g p;n] ;kf6 / 7f8f] efiffsf] k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 .

æg'g lng cfPsf xf} ÛÛÆ wf}nL cfkm"nfO{ ;+od agfpFb} hjfkm lbG5] .

æltdLx¿sf] ufpFdf kfOb}g g'g <<Æ

æsxfFaf6 kfOof];\, ahf/ eP kf] .Æ

ædfcf]jfbLn] NofO lb+b}gg\ g'g ltdLx¿nfO{ <Æ k]jf/fdsf] :j/ ´g\ s8f eof] .

wf}nL / lt/;/fn] ljB'tLo ultdf d'G6f] p7fP/ k]jf/fdlt/ x]l/g\ . ltgLx¿sf] x]/fOn] hgfpFYof] ls k]jf/fdsf] pQm k|Zgsf] ck]Iff ltgLx¿n] u/]sf lyPgg\ . cfkm"n] cfzf gu/]sf] k|Zg t]l;{Psf]df ltgsf cg'xf/x¿ cftl°t ag]sf 5g\ . zg}Mzg}M ltgLx¿sf] cg'xf/sf] /Ë gLnf]–sfnf] x'Fb} uof] . o'jtLx¿sf] kl/jlt{t cg'xf/sf] /Ë b]v]/ k]jf/fdn] dgdg} u'Gof]M æxf] logLx¿ kSs} ToxL x'g\ .Æ

h;dfofn] kNnf] sf]7fdf wf}nL / ltn;/fnfO{ l9+9f] vfg af]nfPkl5 r'Nxf]5]p k]jf/fd PSn} k¥of] . r'Nxf]df blGs/x]sf] cfuf] x]b}{ pm dg leqleq} ;f]rdUg eof] . cfuf]sf] Hjfnfdf ljleGg cfs[ltx¿ aG5g\, eTsG5g\ . sf]xL kl/lrt t sf]xL ckl/lrt . kl/lrt cfs[ltx¿aLr klg Pp6f cfs[lt ´g\ k|i6 eP/ p;sf cfFvf;fd' ;z/L/ pkl:yt x'G5 . Tof] Pp6f lghL{j nfzsf] cfs[lt Û /utn] ntkltPsf] dfG5]sf] cg'xf/ . k]jf/fd Tof] /utsf] cfxfndf leh]sf] dfG5]sf] z/L/nfO{ df8Lvf]nfsf] au/df oxL r'Nxf]df bGs]sf] cfuf]n] kf]ln/x]5 . nfzsf] lrtf glhs a]xf]z h;dfofsf] z/L/ klg pQfgf] k/L cfsfz tfls/x]5 .

æaf ss Û d lgbf]{if 5' Û dnfO{ ´'¶f cf/f]kdf t8\kfO{ t8\kfO{ df/] af ss ÛÆ cfuf]sf] e'ª\u|f]af6 cfO/x]sf] 5f]/f rGb|]sf] rLTsf/n] pm tGb|fd'St x'G5 t/ p;sf cfFvfx¿l:y/ d'b|fdf cfuf]lt/ Psfu| 5g\ . r'Nxf]df 7f];]sf bfp/fx¿ r6\r6\ r6\lsb} aln/x]sf 5g\ . cu]gfsf] cu'N6f] ´}+ pm klg dg leqleq} 5ftL r6\lsg] u/L blGs/x]sf] 5 .

æs] ;f]r]/ a;]sf] ´SsnLsf af, l9+9f] vfg' kb}{g ls Sof xf] cfh <Æ h;dfofsf] :j/n] p;sf] Psfu|tf eË x'G5 . t/ pm s]xL klg af]Nb}g . km/s olQ 5 pm cl3 cfuf]sf nKsfx¿leq s'g} j:t' vf]lh/x]sf] lyof] eg] P]n] pm h;dfofsf] cg'xf/df ;f] a:t'sf] k|ltlaDa vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . ætFnfO{ d]/f] s]xL lrGtf 5}g ´SsnLsL cfdf . dfG5] /fd|/L lrGg' g, hfGg' Ol/afËaf6 cfPsf eGg]lalQs} tFnfO{ ;a} dfG5] cfˆg} nfU5g\ .Æ k]jf/fdsf] :j/ cfb| x'G5 . h;dfof s]xL ga'´]h:tf] u/L cfˆgf] nf]Ug]sf] cg'xf/nfO{ cgdGo:s efjn] lgofln/xlG5g\ .

æltgLx¿ dnfO{ dfg{ cfPsf x'g\ ÛÛÆ

æsf] < sf] ltdLnfO{ dfg{ cfPsf xF <<Æ h;dfofsf] :j/df qf;sf] efj 5 . k]jf/fdn] s]xL af]n]g t/ cfˆgf cfFvfn] kNnf] sf]7flt/ Ozf/f ub}{ hgfp lbof] æpm ltg} ÛÛÆ

æxFsss ÛÛ s] eG5f} ´SsnLsf af ÛÆ cfZro{n] h;dfofsf ql;t cfFvfx¿ ´g\ rf}8f x'G5g\ . æxf] h;dfof, ls t ltgLx¿ d]/f] ;'/fsL ug{ cfPsf x'g\ ls t d]/f] ;kmfof ug{ cfPsf x'g\ . xftv'§f x]/ 7\ofSs} dfcf]jfbL s]6Lh:t} 5g\ . xfd|f] 8]/fdf g/fv ltgLx¿nfO{ . P]n] g} lgsflnxfn .Æ k]jf/fdsf] :j/df d[To'sf] eo / ;Gqf; ;fkm ´lNsGYof] .

æl5+ Û l5+ Û l5+ Û ltdLnfO{ s] ePsf] ´SsnLsf af Û cfhsn cfkm"afx]s ltdL ;a}nfO{ dfcf]jfbL g} b]V5f} . gofF dfG5] hf] sf]xL lnjfË cfP klg cfkm}nfO{ g} dfg{ cfPsf] eGg] 7fG5f} . ltdLnfO{ s] eof] ´SsnLsf af Û /S;Lsf] g;fn] cfˆgf] / k/fof klg 5'6\ofpg g;Sg] eof} ltdL . d]/L ufpFn] a}gLx¿ dfcf]jfbL eP ltd|f nflu ÛÛÆ h;dfofsf] unf cj?4 x'G5 . cfFvfdf cfF;'x¿ l6nlkn–l6nlkn u5{g\ . æd h8\ofFxf, d ´Nnf], d]/f] t lbdfu} 5}g, d t dfG5] g} xf]Og xF Û d}n] eg]sf] x/]s s'/f pN6f] x'G5 t]/fnflu .Æ k]jf/fdsf] cg'xf/ pQ]hgfn] /lStd aG5 . pm Psf]xf]/f] xfFKg yfN5 . æ´SsnLsf af ÛÛÆ nf]Ug]sf s'/fn] h;dfofsf] kL8fnfO{ b'u'gf kf5{ .

æxf], xf], Ol/afËsf ;a} dfG5] t]/f cfkmGt, b':dg t d]/f kf] x'g\ .Æ k]jf/fdsf] unf klg cj?4 eof] . p;n] c>'k'l/t g]qn] cfˆgL :jf:gLlt/ x]¥of] . h;dfof cfˆgf xftn] cg'xf/ 5f]k]/ pleO/x]sL l5g\ . ;fob xftn] 5f]lkPsf] pgsf] cg'xf/ cfF;'n] kf]ltPsf] 5 .

k]jf/fdn] b'O{ xftn] cfˆgf uf]8fnfO{ cFufnf] xfNof] / 3'F8fdfly lrpF8f] /fv]/ km]l/ cu]gfdf blGs/x]sf] cfuf]lt/ b[li6kft u¥of] . h;dfofsf] Jojxf/n] pm Jolyt ag]sf] 5 . d of] Ps d'7L k|f0f arfpg] dfcf]jfbLx¿af6 lbg–lbg} eflu/x]5' . slxn] otf slxn] ptf rxfl//x]sf] 5' . t/ h;dfof logLx¿nfO{ 3/ x'ln/x]sL 5] . l56f]eGbf l56f] ufpF kms{g kfP x'GYof] eGg] rfxgf 5 p;sf] . t/ d]/f] k|f0fsf] s]xL jf:tf 5}g p;nfO{ . /utn] d'l5Psf] 5f]/fsf] nfz;d]t e'ln;sL p;n] . lav]{sf cfFvfaf6 cfF;'sf yf]kfx¿ cu]gfsf] l8ndf tktk r'lxg yfN5g\ . d[To'sf] qf;n] ´g\ ´g\ eoeLt alg/x]sf] 5 p . p;nfO{ s'ga]nf tL s]6Lx¿ xftdf wf/Lnf] v's'/L lnP/ k|s6 x'G5g\ / 3fF6Ldf 5KsfpF5g\h:tf] nfU5 . æcfh} /ftL l;Wofpg] eP dnfO{ ÛÛÆ d[To'sf] eon] p;sf] dgn] ;fpFtL u5{ M of] 3/ eP klg t]/f]nflu d;fg xf] k]jf, hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] efluxfn, efluxfn . gq t]/f] xfn klg t]/f] 5f]/f] rGb|]sf] h:tf] x'g]5 . o; cg'e"ltn] dfq klg k]jf/fdsf] z/L/ nu–nu sfFKg yfNof] . p;n] cfˆgf] rf/}lt/ cGwsf/ dfq b]Vof] . cfˆgf] k|f0f arfpg ToxfFaf6 efUg] p2]Zon] p;n] bfofF–afofF x]¥of] . cfˆgf] k5fl8 b}nf]lg/ wf}nL / dgs'df/LnfO{ plePsf] b]v]kl5 p;sf] hLp lr;f] eof] . crfgs kIf3ftn] ;dft]´}+ nfUof] p;nfO{ . æxfdL hfg nfUof} lbbL .Æ wf}nLsf] :j/n] k]jf/fdsf sfgx¿ 7f8f x'G5g\ . p;n] 6fpsf] p7fP/ b}nf]lt/ x]¥of] . b}nf]sf] ;+3f/df h;dfof;lxt tL b'O{ s]6Lx¿ 8fsf] af]s]/ plePsf 5g\ . h;dfof cfˆgf] xftn] wf}nLsf] skfn d';fl//x]sL l5g\ .

æsxfF hfG5f} ltdLx¿ /ft kl/;Sof] .Æ h;dfofsf] 3f]qmf] :j/ k|:km'l6t x'G5 . æahf/sf] k'5f/df lav]{bfO a:5g\ /] Û pgL oxfF dhb'/L u5{g\ . Ol/afËs} t x'g\ lt .Æ wf}nLsf] :j/df j]bgf n's]sf] 5 .

æd]/L a}gLx¿nfO{ of] /ftdf s;/L hfg lbpF d . rf/}lt/ k'ln;sf] kx/f 5 . k'ln;n] ;dfTnf ltdLx¿nfO{ .Æ h;dfof wf}nL / dgs'df/LnfO{ cFufnf] xflN5g\ . k]jf/fdsf] cfIf]kaf6 Jolyt ag]sL wf}nL / dgs'df/L h;dfofsf] Gofgf] cFufnf] kfP/ eSsfgf] 5f]8]/ ?lG5g\ . ltgsf] ?jfOn] 3/leqsf] jftfj/0f sf?l0fs aG5 . r'Nxf]df pFwf] d'G6f] u/L al;/x]sf] k]jf/fdsf] lxpF´}+ s7f]/ dg klg ltgLx¿sf] ?jfOn] kUng yfN5 . æd}n] ;f]r]h:tf] ltgLx¿ Tof] xf]Ogg\ ls ÛÛÆ

æltgLx¿ uP ´SsnLsf af Û ca t gl/;fp ltdL, uP/ l9+8f] vfp . ´SsnL klg d af;Fu} vfG5' eGb} lyO{, ToxL e'O{+df k;|]sL xf]nL .Æ k]jf/fdn] cfFvf prfn]/ cfˆgL :jf:gLlt/ x]¥of] . h;dfofsf] cg'xf/ cfF;'n] ntkltPsf] 5 . x'g'kg]{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf 5}gg\ pgL . p;n] cg'dfg nufof], cfˆgL ufpFn] a}gLx¿nfO{ /ftL 3/af6 aflx/ hfgaf6 /f]Sg g;s]sf]df Jolyt ag]sL 5] h;dfof . tL o'jtLx¿sf] k|TofudgkZrft\ k]jf/fdnfO{ crfgs d[To'sf] qf; x6]sf] cfef; eof] . p;sf] hLpdf :km"lt{ knfof] . pm h'?Ss p7\of], xft–v'§f tGsfof] . ;a}eGbf klxnf p;sf] Wofg 3/sf] 9f]sfdf k'Uof] . 9f]sf v'n} /x]5 . p;n] d'G6f] lgsfn]/ aflx/ lrofof] . kfl/ 8fF8fdf sf]xL Aof6/L afNb} lyof] . l´lnSs l´lnSs . tL l76Lx¿nfO{ ;°]t lbPsf] kf] xf] ls Û k]jf/fdn] km]l/ cfkm"dfly vt/f Ho"Fsf To"F /x]sf] dx;'; u¥of] / xQgkQ 9f]sf 9KsfP/ dha'tL;fy cfUnf] 7f]Sof] / h;dfoflt/ kmSof]{ . crfgs aflx/af6 lj:kmf]6gsf] 7"nf] cfjfh cfof] . st} ad k8\lsPsf] lyof] .adsf] wdfsfn] pgLx¿ a;]sf] k'/fgf] / hL0f{ 3/ y/{ ySof]{ . adsf] wdfsf dTy/ x'g gkfpFb} rf/}lt/ /fO{kmnx¿ uh|g yfn], 8\ofª… 8'ofª… 6/{… 6/{… 6/6/.Æ cl3sf] zfGt jftfj/0f If0fe/d} eofjx ag]sf] lyof] . k]jf/fdn] h;dfofsf] cfFvfdf x]b}{ df}g ;°]t u¥of] . h;dfofn] cfˆgf] nf]Ug]sf] ;°]t kne/ d} a'´L . pm elg/x]sf] lyof] ætL s]6Lx¿ dfcf]jfbL g} x'g\ a'l´;\ .Æ

k]jf/fdn] l9+8f]sf] lr;f] ufF; d'vdf xfn]s} lyof] ls 9f]sfdf s;}n] hf]8hf]8n] xfg]sf] cfjfh cfof] . p;n] l9+8f]sf] ufF; g lgNg ;Sof] g t cf]sNg g} ;Sof] . p;sf] hLpdf x// sfF8fx¿ pd|] d[To'sf] qf;n] p;sf] z/L/ If0fe/d} kmtSs uNof] . tL s]6Lx¿ km]l/ kms]{/ t cfPgg\ ÛÛ p;sf] dg ;Gq:t aGof] . 9f]sfaf6 nuftf/ cfjfh cfO/x]sf] lyof] . h;dfofn] 8/fO{ 8/fO{ cfUnf] lgsfn]/ 9f]sf vf]lng\ æsf] xf] xF <Æ

æxfdL ÛÆ aflx/af6 rsf]{ cfjfh u'~Hof] .

æk]jf/fd sxfF 5 <

æoxfFleq 5g\ .Æ h;dfofsf] :j/ sfFKof] . p;n] k|i6 b]vL cfFugel/ k'ln;x¿ cf]Ol/Psf 5g\ . æOl/afËaf6 cfPsf tL b'O{ s]6Lx¿ sxfF 5g\ <æ k|Zg t]l;{Psf] lyof] h;dfoflt/ . p;n] csdsfpFb} egL M æcfPsf lyP, t/ Ps l5gcl3 dfq oxfFaf6 uP .Æ

æltgLx¿ P]n] xfd|f] sAhfdf 5g\ .Æ h;dfofnfO{ nfUof] s;}n] tfTtftf] t]n pgsf] sfgdf vGofOlbPsf] 5 . æcfkm"nfO{ z/0ffyL{ eGg], t/ leq–leq} dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cf>o lbg] <<Æ olt eGb} Ps hgf xltof/wf/L k'ln;n] k]jf/fdsf] uw{g cF7\ofof] . s]xL ;do cl3;Dd dfcf]jfbLsf] qf;af6 cftl°t k]jf/fd P]n] k'ln;sf] 8/n] OGt' g lrGt' eof] . If0fe/d} pm km]l/ d[To'sf] qf;n] sqmSs k¥of] .

b}nf]sf] ;+3f/df pleP/ k'ln;n] cfˆgf] nf]Ug]nfO{ ‰ofOFs'6L kfb}{ nlu/x]sf] b[Zo x]l//x]sL cw{d"l5{t h;dfof ;f]lr/x]sL lyO{ æs] tL s]6Lx¿ ;fFlRrs} dfcf]jfbL g} lyP t ÛÛÆ

k/fO{ 3/

of]u]Gb| ltldlN;gf

cfsfzdf s]xLa]/ 7"n7"nf d]3 uh{gx¿ eP, lah'nL rDSof] / x'/L–atf;;Fu} kfgL kg{ yfNof] . Ps}l5gdf vfN6f–v'N6Lx¿ kfgLn] 6Dd el/P, k[YjL hndUg eof] / au}+rfdf af]6–la?jfx¿ e'OFdf nlqP . d]/f] lhGbuLdf Tof] /ft ;a}eGbf cFWof/f] lyof] . lagf s'g} s;'/ Pp6L gf/L bl08t x'g'k/]sf] /ft lyof] Tof] . sf]nfxn, eou|:t /ft, To;kl5 ;Ggf6f, ;Dk"0f{ ;Ggf6f .

afa'–cfdfsf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfn] ubf{ w]/} k9\g kfOgF, b;f}+ sIff;Dd dfq k9]sL 5' . ;DklQsf] gfpFdf afafsf] Pp6f ;–;fgf] 3/ / 38]/L 5 eLd9'Ëfdf . v]tLkftL s]xL 5}g, /fhgLlt ug'{x'G5 . /fhgLlts ;Dks{s} cfwf/df pxfFn] dnfO{ Pp6f ;+:yfgdf c:yfoL lkogsf] hflu/ aGbf]a:t ul/lbg' ePsf] lyof] . efO ;fg} lyof], glhs}sf] :s'ndf k9\Yof] . cfdf bdsf] /f]uL x'g'x'G5, d'l:snn] 3/sf] sfd ;DxfNg'x'GYof] . ;fg} hflu/ eP klg To;sf] cfDbfgLaf6 d}n] 3/vr{ / cf}iflwd"nf]sf] vr{ 6f/]sL lyPF . kl/jf/df d Ps lhDd]jf/ ;b:o lyPF, nfUYof] d]/f] cg'kl:yltdf kl/jf/sf] hLjgofqf c;Dej g} lyof] . t/ klg lgoltn] dnfO{ ;w}+ dfOt3/ a:g lbPg, d ljjfx aGwgdf aflwPF . d lg?tf pk|]tLaf6 lg?tf cof{n eP / csf]{ Pp6f kl/jf/sL ;b:o ePF .

d]/f] nf]Ug]n] klg w]/} k9]sf] lyPg, pm P;=Pn=;L= kf;;Dd lyof] . kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox¿df ;f;'–;;'/f, gGb / b'O{ efO b]j/x¿ lyP . ;;'/f Pp6f ;fgf] ;/sf/L kbaf6 cjsfzk|fKt sd{rf/L lyP . pgsf] dfl;s !@ ;o ?lkofF k]G;g cfpFYof] . gGbsf] ljjfx ug]{ pd]/ ePsf] lyof] . b]j/x¿ :s'ndf k9\b} lyP . nf]Ug]sf] To:tf] :yfoL s'g} aGb–Jofkf/ jf :yfoL hflu/ lyPg . pm zx/df ;–;fgf 7]Ssf–k§f jf b}lgs /f]huf/Lsf s'g} sfd uYof]{, Tof] klg lgoldt lyPg . To;}n] w]/}h;f] pm zx/–ahf/ 3'd]/} latfpFYof] . l´Fu6Lsf] 5fgf ePsf], 9'Ëf–df6f]af6 ag]sf] Pp6f k'/fgf] xfd|f] 3/ lyof] uf]s0f{df . Ps /f]kgLeGbf s]xL a9L hUuf 3/;Fu} hf]l8Psf] lyof] . 3/sf] 5fgfdfly 7fpF–7fpFdf ´f/x¿ pd|]sf b]lvGy], To;dfly jiff{sfndf km;L{ / l3/f}+nfsf nx/fx¿ tF5f8–d5f8 u/L 5fgfel/ km}lnGy] . sfFqmf, nf}sf, lrlr08f], s/]nf yfFsfel/ n6/Dd kmn]sf b]lvGy] . ds} af/Ldf b'O6f cf?, Pp6f cDaf / Pp6f ef]u6]sf] af]6 lyof] . zfob w]/} elg/xg' gknf{, Tof] kl/jf/ klg ;DkGg lyPg . cfˆgf] ePsf] Tof] ;fgf] 38]/Ln] klg 3/sf kl/jf/af6 :ofxf/;';f/ kfPsf] lyPg . nf]Ug]n] w]/} k9]sf] lyPg, t/ ;xh hflu/sf] vf]hLdf zx/ ef}+tfl/GYof] pm . 3/sf] s'g} ;b:o klg To; hldgk|lt s[t1 lyPg, dfgf}+ ;a} To; hldgnfO{ x]nfsf] b[li6n] x]y]{ .

gofF3/df k|j]z ug]{ lalQs} ddf gofF hfFu/ / pT;fx cfof] . r'Nxf]–h"7f] ug]{, af/L vGg], ds} /f]Kg], uf]8\g]h:tf ;Dk"0f{ sfdx¿ d]/f lhDdfdf cfP . clkm;af6 afFsL /x]sf] ;do / >d d}n] oxL 3/ / df6f]df nufPF . df6f]sf] ;'uGw;Fu} d]/f lbgx¿ laTg nfu] . labfsf lbgx¿df /dfOnf] ug{ ;fyLx¿sxfF hfg] cyjf lsgd]n ug{ zx/ hfg], dgf]/~hgsf] lglDt l;g]df x]g{ hfg] cyjf dfOt hfg] ;a} s'/fx¿ d]/f] lglDt qmdzM ;xh ePgg\ . tna a'´]/ clkm;af6 NofpFy] / h:tfsf] t:t} nf]Ug]sf xftdf ;'lDklbGy] . d]/f] nf]Ug] g t d;Fu s'g} lbg 3'dlkm/ ug]{ s'/f uYof]{ g d cfkm" g} Tof] rfxGy]+ . pm dnfO{ g/fd|f] klg ub}{gYof], a? slxn]sfxL+ dfof u/]h:tf] uYof]{ . nf]Ug]n] Tof] ?lkofF s;/L vr{ uYof]{, 3/–kl/jf/df vr{ uYof]{ jf ub}{gYof] eGg];Dd klg dnfO{ yfxf lyPg . lax] ePsf] jif{lbg klg gk'Ub} d]/f] Pp6f 5f]/f] hGDof] . sf]7]af/Lsf snsnfpFbf ds}sf af]6x¿;Fu} 5f]/f] x'sf{pg] d]/f] lhDd]jf/L ´g\ a9\of], t/ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] rfxgf eg] d 3/sf] sfd c´ a9L u?F eGg] lyof] . 3/sf] sfd l;WofP/ clkm; hfFbf k|foM l9nf] x'g] uYof]{ . t}klg d]/f] pT;fx d/]sf] lyPg .

lbg ;w}+ Ps;dfg x'Fbf] /x]g5, kl/l:ylt klg kl/jt{gzLn x'Fbf]/x]5 . d]/f] hflu/sf] Dofb ;dfKt eof] . lx;fa–lQmfa ubf{ ´08} Psnfv ?lkofF d]/f] xft kg]{ b]lvof] . d}n] d]/f] nf]Ug]nfO{ of] s'/f g9fF6L eg] . p;n] eGof], æTof] /sd dnfO{ b]p, d Jofkf/ u5'{ .Æ ækl5 Jofkf/ u/] klg x'G5, t/ clxn] xfdL ;uf]ndf 5f}+, Tof] d]/f] lghL cfh{g xf], d}n] 5f]/fsf] eljio klg x]g'{k5{, clxn] d Tof] /sd cfkmg} gfpFdf a}+sdf ;'/lIft /fV5', eljiodf of] k};f ltdLnfO{ g} sfd nfU5Æ d}n] eg] . p;n] dnfO{ k};f 3/df Nofpg hf]8 ul//Xof], d}n] Tof] k};f 3/df NofOgF, a}+sdf vftf vf]nL hDdf u/]+ . kfgL ;w}+ :jR5, zfGt, hLjgbfoL / ultdo x'Fb}g . kfgLsf] p208 / b'u{Gwdo k|jfx klg xfdLn] b]v]sf 5f}+ . cfuf]n] klg slxn]sfxL+ jLeT; ¿k lnG5 . dflg;sf] dl:tissf] s'g} s'gfdf gLrtf n's]/ a;]sf] x'Fbf]/x]5 . df}sf kfpg]lalQs} Tof] s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf k|s6 x'Fbf]/x]5 . a}+sdf k};f hDdf u/]/ 3/ kms]{s} lbg /flt p;n] dnfO{ lg3f{t lk6\of] . z/L/ lylNynf] eof], d]/f] hLpel/ / s~r6df gLnf 8fdx¿ b]lvGy] . d]/f] rLTsf/ sf]7f aflx/ ghfcf];\ egL p;n] ‰ofn, 9f]sf aGb u/]sf] lyof] .

laxfgsf] k|tLIffdf d /fte/ hfu} a;]+ . pHofnf] x'g]lalQs} 5f]/f] RofkL d 3/af6 lg:s]+ . k|ftMsfn hlt zLtn / zfGt lyof] dnfO{ To;eGbf a9L zflGtsf] cg'ej e}/x]sf] lyof] . d sxfF hfFb}5', lsg hfFb}5' dnfO{ s]xL klg yfxf lyPg . Pp6f /fIf;L jftfj/0faf6 pGd'lQm kfPsf] cg'ej dfq ul//x]sL lyPF d . cyf{t\ d]/f] p2]Zo g} d'lQm lyof] . Tof] nf]Ug]dflg;sf] lj?4df ;ª\3if{df plqPsL d Ps zlQmzfnL gf/L lyPF . cgfxsdf To;sf] zf]if0f lsg ;x]/ a;f}+ d . ddf s'g} xLgtfaf]w lyPg, lg/fzf lyPg\, a? dleq Pp6f crDdsf] zlQm;~ro eO/x]sf] lyof] . s] dleq >d u/]/ :jtGq afFRg] lxDdt klg 5}g t . jiff{sfnsf] xl/of] 3fF;] uNnLdf 6]St}, kfOtfnf cl3 a9fpFb} glhs}sf] au}+rfdf km'n]sf ;]tf–/ftf km"nx¿ x]b}{ 5f]/f] cfˆgf] 5ftLdf 6fF;]/ d cl3 al9/x], cl3 al9/x]+ .

n3'syf

Tofu

– k|ltdf ljjz /fO{

bz}+sf] /dfOnf] jftfj/0f ufpFel/ 5fPsf] x'G5 . 7fpF–7fpFdf /f]6]lkË / lnË]lkËx¿ agfOb} u/]sf x'G5g\ . dl;gf s]6fs]6Lx¿ v'zLn] plk|mb} jl/kl/ ´'ld/x]sf x'G5g\ . t/ 3/sf] bogLo cj:yf / cfkm"d'lgsf] kfFr–kfFr hgf efO–alxgLx¿sf] dL7f] vfg], /fd|f] nufpg] /x/ / ;kgfnfO{ ;lD´P/ zflGt eg] 6f]nfO/x]sL x'lG5g\ .

lxhf] /fltdfq pgsf] sfG5L alxgLn] dL7f] tf]t] af]nLdf eg]sL x'lG5g\ ælbbL xfDnfO{ afn] gfDgf] gfgf lslglbg' x'G5 /] clg bz}+df lrrL klg vfg] /] xlu <æ To;}u/L c¿ efO–alxgLx¿n] klg cf–cfˆgf] /x/ kf]v] .

bz}+sf] d'vdf of] k|To]s ul/a afa'–cfdfn] cfˆgf] caf]w gfgLx¿nfO{ lbOg] ´"7f] cfZjf;g xf] eg]/ d s;/L oL caf]w efO alxgLx¿nfO{ ;D´fpmF < zflGtsf] d'6' r/Ss rls{G5 . Pp6f efO egfpFbf] ;fg] clns l/;fxf 5 . cl:t eGb} lyof] æ8fF8f3/] sfG5fnfO{ pgsf afn] zx/af6 NofOlbPh:tf] n'uf geP efu]/ zx/ k:g] /] .

cflv/ d klg t h]7L 5f]/L x'g'sf] gftfn] efO–alxgLx¿sf] /x/ / v'zLnfO{ a'‰g'k5{ eGb} zflGtn] Pp6f s7f]/ lg0f{o lnlG5g\ . bz}+n] NofPsf] efO alxgLx¿sf] caf]w v'zLnfO{ ;fy{s kfg]{ p2]Zon] pgL ufpFsf] d'lvofsfhLsxfF k'lU5g\ . pgsf] sNsnfpFbf] of}jg b]v]/ d'lvofn] zflGtnfO{ bof / ;xof]u:j¿k Psxhf/ ?lkofF lbG5g\ . pgn] ToxL ?lkofFaf6 efO–alxgLx¿sf] n'uf / bz}+ vr{ h'6fpFl5g\ . t/ oxL bof / ;xof]uleq n's]sf] :jfy{sf] sf/0f km"nkftLsf] lbg efn]sf] 8fsd} d'lvofsfhL;Fu zflGt ufpF 5f]8L a]kQf x'lG5g\ .

  – w/fg

oxfF o:t} x'Fbf]/x]5 … Û

— /fhs'df/ lg/f}nf

æhgtfsf] df}lns xslxt / :jtGq hLjgofkgsf nflu b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfo Psh'6 eO{ hg;ª\3if{nfO{ cl3 a9fcf}+ .Æ

;8ssf] dfly lah'nLsf] kf]ndf 6fFluPsf] Pp6f t"ndf p;n] cfˆgfa"9f cfFvf cf]5\ofof] . c¿ s]xL ;f]r]g . hg;ª\3if{sf] s'/fn] eg] crfgs p;sf] dg ´;Ë eof] . ctLtnfO{ kN6fP/ Pp6f ;fgf] 8f]/L;Fu} ;ft;fncl3sf] 36gfdf kLª v]Ng yfNof] .

To;tfs g]kfndf …hg;ª\3if{Ú eGg] zAb xfjf;Fu} htftt} ax]sf] lyof] . o; zAbn] lgDTofPsf] 36gfdf b'lgofFn] cftl°t eP/ afFRg' k/]sf] lyof] . rf]/L, 8s}tL, n'6kf6 s] ePgg\ p;a]nf < xTof / lx+;fsf] /fhgLlt rNof] . sltsf 5f]/Lr]nL / :ofpufn] a'xf/Lx¿sf] cl:dtf n'l6of] . cfˆg} kGw| jif]{ alxgL anfTs[t x'Fbf OHht / hLjgdfly nfu]sf] bfun] p;sf] dgnfO{ k'gM Psk6s g/fd|/L buNRofpFb} Ao"F´fof] . p;sf] dg leqleq} 58\lsP/ kfSg yfNof] . Pp6f csf]{ qmflGtsf] Hjfnf 5'6\of] pleq .

pm Ps sbdcl3 a9\of] . ;8ssf] leQfdf n]lvPsf] b]Vof] –æxTof, lx+;f / anfTsf/sf] lj?4df ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfo Ps xf}+ .Æ

p;sf] tft]sf] sGr6n] WofgnfO{ To;tkm{ s]lGb|t u¥of] . dgdg} uDof] –æs] p;a]nfsf] hg;ª\3if{eGbf leGg} cleofg xf] of] <Æ

pm clncl3 a9\b} uof] ;8s lsgf/fdf k'ln;x¿ aGb's af]s]/ plePsf lyP . cln k/af6 Pp6f cfqmf]lzt h'n'; cfpFb} lyof] . p;sf cfFvf Tot}tkm{ Psf]xf]l/g yfn] .

eL8 qmdzM cl3 a9\of] . k'ln;n] nf7L a;f{P . k'ln;dfly 9'Ëf a;f{Oof] . pm ;8ssf] Pp6f s'gfdf a;]/ x]l//x]sf] lyof] . bf]xf]/f] le8Gt rln/x]s} lyof] .

crfgs uf]nL a;{g yfn] . ;a}sf] efubf}8 rNof] . ;8ssf] s'gfdf n's]/ pm of] ;a x]l//x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] 5ftLdf uf]nL l5¥of] . ;ª\3if{df nfUg] sf]xL xtfxt ePgg\ . p;sf] d[To' eof] .

To;kl5 Pp6f ;dfrf/ aGof] . /fli6«o ;dfrf/ . klqsfnfO{ s]xL lbgsf nflu crf/ aGof] . ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/ dfWodn] pw'd u/] . æPp6f cft°jfbLsf] cGToÆ eGg] ;dfrf/n] ;g;gL km}lnof] . /]l8of], l6=eL= / klqsfn] p;s} dfq gfd lnP . c¿ s;}sf] gfd cfPg .

p;nfO{ glhsaf6 lrGg]x¿ ljl:dt\ eP . s;}n] s]xL cfjfh p7fPgg\ . cfk;–cfk;df u'gu'gfpg yfn] –æoxfF o:t} x'Fbf]/x]5, lhpFbf] af3sf] uGwb]lv klg 8/fpg], d/]sf] e]6] cfGb|fe'F8L kN6fpg] .Æ

– vfgLe~HofË, cf]vn9'Ëf

l/Qf lunf;x¿

afaf a:g]t

e'O{+el/ Kn]6, /S;Lsf l;;Lx¿ / l/Qf lunf;x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ lh:sfO/x]sf] dx;'; ub}{ pgL oltv]/ cfˆgf] ;fgf] sfp06/df a;]/ cfFvfx¿nfO{ sf]7fsf] rf/ kl/lwdf km}nfpFl5g\– of], clxn] oxfF sf]xL klg 5}gg, sfd ug]{ b'O{ hgf ;fgf s]6f / s]6Lsf] ;fy afx]s z"Gotf ÛÛ s]xLa]/ cl3;Dd na{l/Psf cfjfhx¿sf] Pp6f cy{xLg Wjlgsf] u'~hg lyof] oxfF . z}nLljxLg xfF;f]sf kmf]xf]/fx¿n] Ps csf{df lglxt dfgj cl:tTjleqsf] lrgf/LnfO{ gi6 u/fO/x]sf] lyof] . cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf cr]tg u/fO;s]kl5 na{/fPsf v'§x¿ qmdzM 7f]lSs++b} aflxl/G5g\–9'Gd'lg+b} cfly{s l:yltsf] kx'Fr x'g]x¿ k|fOe]6 sf/df, sf]xL 6«fS;Ldf, sf]xL df]6/;fOsn 9\of/9\of/ 9'/\9'/\ kfb}{ lg:sG5g\ t sf]xL k}bn} 3/lt/ nfU5g\ . sf] 7"nf] < sf] ;fgf] < ;fF´ k/]kl5 of] sf]7fdf hDdf x'g]x¿sf] :t/ Pp6} . pRrcf]xf]bfsf] x'g\ of lgDgcf]xf]bfsf – oxfF cfP/ ;a} hgf /S;L lkpF5g\, cfˆgf] af:tljstf x/fpFb} hfG5g\ zAbx¿df cfkm"nfO{ gª\UofpFb} hfG5g\, cGttM cfkm" lgn{Hh gflËP/ :jfledfgsf] klx/g l/Qf l;;Lx¿;Fu} l/TofP/ hfG5g\ .

;a} :t/sf nf]Ug]dfG5]x¿sf] hd36 x'g] of] Pp6f ;fwf/0f e§Lk;n xf], ;fgf] uNnLleq cjl:yt . cfsif{s hLp8fn / dËf]lnogkf/fsf] ¿k–lx:;L k/]sL …lz/LifÚ oxfFsL ;fx"gL cyf{t\ ;~rflnsf . lax] u/]/ klg nf]Ug] 5f]8]/ a;]sL lzl/if …hft}n] kfPsL 5\ofË kfg{ / vfg….Ú eGb} cfkm} klg /S;L kf/]/ a]Rg] ul5{g\ . s8f :jefjsL ePsL x'Fbf pd]/n] k}+tL;–rfnL;sL eP klg l;ltldtL pgnfO{ s;}n] x]Kg ;Qm}g . oxfF Pp6f 7"nf] sf]7f 5 . 6]a'n s';L{x¿sf] ;§f e'O{+el/ un}+rf la5\ofOPsf] 5 . hxfF ;fF´ k/]kl5 nf]Ug]dfG5]x¿sf] hd36 x'g] ub{5 . w]/} hgfsf] hd36dWo] Pp6f ;ft hgfsf] hd36 eg] a9f] /f]rs ePsf]n] lz/Lifsf] Wofg klg logLx¿df cln a9L lv+lrg] u5{ . k|foM h;f] 3lgi6tfsf;fy ;w}+ hDdf x'g] oL ;ft hgfdf Ps hgf ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks x'g\ . Pshgf ;h{g 8fS6/ x'g\ . Ps hgf o'jfkqsf/ x'g\ eg] Ps hgf e"tk"j{dGqL cyf{t\ jt{dfg ;f+;b . pd]/n] ;f7L gf3]sf Pshgf jlsn x'g\ eg] Ps hgf cwj}+;] k'ln; OG:k]S6/ Ps hgf g]kfnL rnlrqsf jt{dfg rlr{t gfos oL ;ft hgfsf] Pp6f ;d"xn] g} o; e§Lk;nsf] /f}gs a9fpg] u5{ .

k|f/Dedf cf}krfl/s cfb/;Ddfgaf6 k|f/De x'g] logLx¿sf] e]63f6n] /S;L df;' / cGo ljleGg gf:tfx¿sf] qmlds ;]jgkZrft\ ;':t/L pu|¿k ln+b} hfG5 . cf–cfˆgf c;Gt'li6 / ;'v–b'Mvsf ef]ufOx¿nfO{ slxn] ?Fb} g slxn] xfF:b} logLx¿ cjr]tg cj:yfdf alQb} hfG5g\ .

æTo;n]…To;n] cf–cfkm"nfO{ s] 7fg]sL 5] <Æ lj:tf/} ´'Dg yfn]kl5 c:ki6 :j/n] kTgLk|ltsf] c;Gt'li6 /S;Lsf] uGw;Fu} cf]sNb} ;w}+´}+ e§L–jftf{ k|f/De x'g yfN5 . cfh ;lrj–klg jlsn wgljqmdaf6 –æslxn] kf6L{… slxn] s] cF, ldl6Ë… s] s] eG5g\– slxn] stf… cF, o'/f]lkog s06«Lx¿ 3'ld/xG5], s] yfxf s…sxfFsxfF, sf]sf]l;t /ft latfpF5] Û < c´} h–hjfgL lgv|]ssf] 5}g l/6fP/ gx'Fbf d d}n] s}of}+–s}of}+ d]dx¿l;t ljb]zdf hjfgL ;f6]+… df]h u/]+ . df]h . 7Ls 5 7Ls 5 tF… tFnfO{ klg lk|m… elGbG5' xf=xf=xf= ÛÆ xfF:b} xf]Og t 8fS6/;fÚk <<Æ a];/L 8fS6/sf] lt3|fdf lxsf{Pkl5 8fS6/;fx]a klg cfˆgf] ts{ o;/L k]z u5{g\–

–æxf]Og, To;f] eGg' ePg . s] /], b]zljb]z ub}{Odf cfOdfO{ lau|G5g\ g} eGg] ;f]r /fVg' s…sxfF x'G5 / < sqfsqf ck/fwL s];x¿ …/f}+–/f}+ s]nfP/ s] /], ;xL unt 5'–5'6\ofpg] clg km};nf ug]{ JolQmn] Jojxf/sf] olt u–uxg tYo km};nf gu/L af]Ng' t ePg lg < la/fdLx¿df 8/nfUbf d]–d]h/ ck|]zg ug]{ dfG5] d… Ps; /]… An8k|];/… An8 sNr/b]lv lnP/ lel8cf] PS;/] OToflb r]s u/]/ l:ylt Aofn]G;df 5 eg] dfq ck|]zg ug'{ k5{ eg]… dfG5]sf] lhGbuLs} ;jfn xf]– tkfO{+sf] kTgL cf/f]lkt k|;Ël;t ;Lw} d…d s;/L ;xdt x'g ;S5' xF, nf} eGgf];\ t <Æ cfˆgf] dl;gf] :j/nfO{ oxL+ /f]s]/ zfGt kf/fn] 8fS6/ k'gM lunf;sf] r':sL lng yfN5g\ .

–æ;fn]nfO{ 7f]s\ b] Û 7f]s lbG5', a… aGb'sn] 7f]slbG5' Tof]… d dl;t km"lt{ nfpg] <Æ oltv]/;Dd k"/} dflt;s]/ klg csf]{ Aofuk]k/ dufO{ kf]Vb} lunf;df vGofpFb} k'ln; OG:k]S6/ ca cZnLn zAbx¿;d]t aSg yfn]kl5 kqsf/ dxf]bonfO{ l/; p7\5 / OG:k]S6/nfO{ sfa' ug]{ p2]Zon] eG5g\ –æa;\ Û OG:k]S6/ ;fx]a, oxfFeGbf cufl8 ga9f}+… cF, clg s;nfO{ 7f]Sg] eGg'ePsf] lg <

–æToxL … ;fn], d]/f] cfˆg} efO egf}+bf] uwf;fn] . p;sf] / d]/f] ;fd"lxs c+zdf k/]sf] Pp6f 3/ 5 l8NnLahf/df 3/ a]rf}+ eG5 af Û cnu–cnu 3/ agfpg' k¥of] /] …Û dl;t p;sf] :jefj / Jojxf/ ldn]g /] Û larf/ ldn]g /] . ;fn]nfO{ lbpFnf Tof] 3/sf] lx:;f… lsg a]R5' d < a? To;nfO{ cfp5–cfp6 u/fpF5' Tof] 3/af6 .Æ laxfgb]lv g} k|foM /S;L lkpg] cfbt ePsf] OG:k]S6/ lkpg yfn]kl5 hlt klg lkpFy] / hlt lkP klg pgsf] lha|f] eg] na{/fpFb}g lyof] . clxn] klg :ki6;Fu tLtf zAbx¿ cf]sln/x]sf lyP, lgl:kmlqml;t .

–ætkfO{+sf] lgotdf x08«]8 k/;]06 vf]6 b]lvG5 . z'4 ljrf/ x'g'k5{ dfG5]df . ;kmf cfr/0f x'g'k5{ . a'4, a'4 g} hlGdPsf xf]Ogg\= ufGwLnfO{ TolQs} ljZj dfgjn] dfg]sf 5}gg\ . a'4nfO{ 5fDgf];\ Û ufGwLnfO{ k9\gf];\, slxn]sfxL+ . /fhf /fdrGb|, nId0f / e/tsf e|ft[k|]dsf af/]df klg hfGg' h?/L 5… cf], xf] Û cfˆg} efOk|lt gsf/fTds ;f]rfO /fv]/ ;DklQ xTofpg] k|of; ug'{ ck/fwsf] vfN8f]df hflSsg' xf] . Gofosf lglDt ;ky vfP/ cGofo / cTofrf/dfly ljho ug]{ p2]Zo af]s]sf] dfG5]n] o:tf lgr s'/f ug'{ cg'ko'Qm 7xl/G5 . OG:k]S6/ afa' Û cfˆgf] dfq xf]Og, efOsf] klg enfO{ ;f]Rg'k5{ . c:yfoL ;DklQdfly lsg k|nf]eg < of] z/L/ t :yfoL 5}g .Æ

cl3b]lv ;a}sf s'/f ;'g]/ ud vfO/x]sf, pd]/n] g} c¿eGbf kl/kSs k|fWofks, OG:k]S6/sf u'bL /lxt s'/fn] czfGt aG5g\ / k]zfut kf/fdf cfˆgf] ljrf/ JoQm u5{g\ t/ pgsf af}l4s jfSox¿ cfqmf]lzt OG:k]S6/nfO{ lsg kRYof] / < cfˆgf] kf/f lgsflnxfN5g\ pgL –

ætkfO{+ v'a 7"nf] s'/f ug'{x'G5 hfGg] eP/ . csf{sf] JolQmut dfdnfaf/] tkfO{+nfO{ s] rf;f] < sf] xf] < sf] xf] tkfO{+ af]nL lasfP/ vfg] df:6/… v'a dnfO{ ctL{ pkb]z lbg] … < dnfO{ s] rf;f] ltd|f] ufGwL / a'4sf] s'/f] …xF <Æ OG:k]S6/sf] zAbn] l;dfgf gf£g vf]h]kl5 kqsf/nfO{ c;Xo x'G5 / OG:k]S6/nfO{ ;D´fpg vf]H5g\Æ zfGt Û zfGt . xfdLn] xfd|f] ldqtfsf] dxTjnfO{ eTsfpg' ePg lg < cfGtl/s s'/fx¿ tkfO{+ cfkm} ;fj{hlgs ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] /jfkm k'ln; yfgfdf dfq pko'Qm 7xl/Pnf . pd]/ of]Uotfn] g} klg cfb/ ug'{kg]{ ;/ -k|fWofksnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/_ h:tf JolQmx¿l;t xfdLn] ;Ddflgt tj/n] af]Ng hfGg'k5{ .Æ

–æP . tF gfy] Ps lunf; /S;Ldf laSg] kqsf/ hfaf] dl;t km'tL{ nfpF5;\ < sf] xf];\ tF < ef]ln tFnfO{ Pp6f cf/f]k nfP/ y'lglbg ;S5' a'l´;\ <

–æxf], t}+n] t Pp6f unt cf/f]k nufP/ y'gfpg ;Snf;\ t/, t]/f] s/t'nsf] e08fkmf]/ ug{ ;S5' d kq–klqsfdf . b'O{ dlxgfcufl8 Pp6f df]6/ b'3{6gf s]zdf /fO6 ;fO8df lx+l8/x]sf] Tof] ljr/f ul/a ef]6]nfO{ /ª ;fO8af6 NofO{ xfg]/ v'§f efFlrPkl5 df]6/;fOsn rfnsaf6 aL; xhf/ ?lkofF x;'/]/ s;/L kLl8t kIfsf] ljrNnL t'NofPsf] lyO{;\ < df]6/;fOsn /fO6 ;fO8df lyof] eg]/ s;/L ;Lw} ´"7f] s'/f af]n]/ kfk af]ls;\ . ca d Tof] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ul/lbG5' .Æ o;/L oL b'O{aLr ljjfb rls{P/ xft xfnfxfn ;d]t x'g yfn]kl5 sf]7fsf] b[Zo clnslt ablnG5 . e"tk"j{dGqL ;Eo efiffdf pgLx¿nfO{ ;D´fpF5g\ –ætkfO{+x¿ t cfj]zdf k'Ug' ef] … . xfdL t oxfF vfglkg u/]/ /dfOnf] ug{ hDdf ePsf kf] t . cf] xf] ÛÆ nfdf] Zjf; km]b}{ æ/fhgLlts kf6L{leqsf] slr+Ën ´}+ oxfF klg < xfdL ;a} ;dfg xf}+ oL, p:t} lunf;df lkO/x]sf 5f}+….Æ o; s'/fsf] kjf{x gu/L OG:k]S6/ kmtkmtfpFb} kqsf/nfO{ cf}+nf 78\ofpFb} cfˆgf] df]6/;fOsntkm{ nfU5g\ eg] kqsf/ e'O{+df YofRr a;]/ Psl5g;Dd a/a/fO/xG5g\ 9f]sflt/ x]b}{ –æhxfF klg km"lt{ nfpF5 af of] Û k"/} k'ln; kmf];]{ cfˆgf] d'¶Ldf eP´}+ u5{ . kGw| jif{ eO;Sof] OG:k]S6/af6 dfly plSng ;Sof 5}g . hxfF ;?jf eP/ uP klg /]s8{ g/fd|f] dfq}… /S;L 3f]s]kl5 3/df gf]sgL{nfO{ klg OHht hf]ufpg wf}wf} k5{….Æ 9f]sflt/ d'v kmsf{P/ –æy'OSs ;fn] ÛÆ

lhGbuLnfO{ cfˆg} dgf]/~hgfTds efiffdf cYof{pFb} /f]dfl~rt tj/n] ca eg] aNn af]Ng yfN5g\ tL dWo] pd]/df ;a}eGbf slnnf b]lvOg] rnlrq gfos –æslQ /f]df~rs 5 of] lhGbuL x'g t of] gf6s xf] – clegon] l;ª\ufl/Psf] eg] clego dfq eP klg xfdL ;sf/fTds lsg gug]{ < … kfl/>lds hlt g} kfP klg a'‰g'ef]… < d t vngfossf] e"ldsf ulb{g lg= lkmNdd} eP klg cfkm"k|lt c¿sf] gsf/fTds efj lsg pAhfpg] <Æ logL klg ca ´'Dg yfln;s]sf lyP . cfFvf lrlDn+b}–vf]Nb} la:tf/} ukm xfFSbf gfos ;fFRr} rnlrqd} clego ul//x] ´}+ nfUYof] – æt/… lkmNddf v]Ng c;fWo} uf¥xf] 5… cfkm"nfO{ lx/f] aGg] /x/ . sf]xL d'¶Lel/ /sd lnO{–lnO{ lx/f] aG5g\, d t … d t eO{–geO{ /sd lt/L–lt/L kf] lx/f] aGg k¥of 5 t ÛÛ d a8L -z/L/_… g xfO6 -prfO_ g Sofd/f km];… t/ lx/f] eP/} 5f]8]+ ca t d]/f] /]6 -efp_ klg 5 .Æ cfkm} d';'Ss xfF:5g\ / l/Qf] Kn]6df cf}+nf jbNb} lz/Liftkm{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eG5g\ –æP ;fpgL Û ;'l6Ëdf t l;Q}df vfg kfOG5 ufF7] a]:;/L… v} Nofpg';\ … Ps Kn]6 df;' v/f] kf/]/ e'6]/ Nofpg';\… .Æ

lgs}a]/b]lv zfGt /x]/ cfˆgf] e§Lsf] ljljw b[Zo lgofln/x]sL ;fx'gL lzl/if ca eg] cln RofFl¶P/ af]lN5g\–æca k;n aGb ug]{ a]nf ef] . df;' s]xL klg 5}g, l;l4;Sof] . gl/;fOsg ca tkfO{+x¿ uOlbgf];\ Û oL tkfO{+x¿sf] lan … .Æ lzl/ifsf] s'/f ;'g]/ kqsf/ l/;fpFb} ´ls{G5 –æs] 5}g eg]sf] < Nofpg';\ eg]kl5 Nofpg';\ g . xfdLnfO{ tkfO{+n] /fd|};Fu lrGg' ePsf] 5 lg .Æ

–ælrg]sf] 5'– lrg]sf] 5' … .Æ Joª\UofTds d':sfgsf ;fy pgL af]lN5g\– æ/S;Lsf] Jofkf/ ugf{n] sd;]sd tkfO{+x¿h:tf 7"nf JolQmx¿nfO{ lrGg t kfPF . … sd;]sd k};f vr{ u/]kl5 o;sf] ;]jgdf ;Gt'li6 t lng] ugf]{;\ . vfnL tF5f8d5f8… wt\, s] ug'{, d}n] dfq k;n aGb u/]/ /S;Lsf] lgd"{n x'g] eP t … ÛÆ

…ca oltv]/ ;a} hgf p7]/ uO;s]sf 5g\ . z"Gosf]7fsf] rf/ leQfn] g} cfh pgnfO{ lh:SofO/x]sf] efg k5{ . cGttM pgL PSnL 5g\ . cfkm"nfO{ zAbx¿df l/TofP/ ;a} hgf cfˆg} uGtJodf kmls{G5g\ …cf] xf] Û d]/f] efudf t s]jn 7"nfa8f egf}+bfx¿sf cg'xf/ 6fFl;Psf l/Qf lunf;x¿ dfq} 5g\ … l/Qf lunf;x¿ ÛÛÆ

hLjg o:t} /x]5

ONof e6\6/fO{

lbHo", Pp6f k;{gns'/f ;f]W5', dfO08 gul/:of];\ x} Û

nfdf] k|jf;kl5 s]xL ;dosf] nflu cfPsL cfˆgL alxgLn] h:tf];'s} k|Zg ;f]w] klg To;sf] pQ/ lbg dnfO{ s'g} cfklQ lyPg .

;f]Wg, t]/f] s'/fdf klg d}n] s] dfO08 ug'{ / Û

lbHo", legfh' To:tf] Xof08;d xf]Ol;G5, xh'/nfO{ pxfFk|lt slxn]sfxLF z°f nfU5 ls nfUb}g <

5\of Û s] s] g ;f]Wg nfuL eGof t o:tf] s'/f] klg ;f]W5] . To:tf] a"9f] x'g nfu]sf] legfh'dfly klg s]sf] z°f ug'{ ca .

cf… lbHo" s] elg:of, $&–$* jif{sf] nf]Ug] dflg;nfO{ klg a"9f] eGg ldN5 / . ljb]zlt/ t nf]Ug]dfG5]n] lax] ug]{ pd]/} To} xf] . To;dfly To} pd]/df klg legfHo" s:tf] /fd|f] xf]Ol;G5 .

Tof] t xf] . t/ t]/f] legfh' To:tf] :jefjsf] xf]Ol;Gg, To;sf/0f dnfO{ To:tf] s'/fsf] s]xL jf:t} nfUb}g . …km]l/ x]/ cfˆgf] nf]Ug]sf] :jefj klg t lrlgG5 lg, To;sf/0f d oL ;a s'/fk|lt 9'Ss 5' .Ú

xf], lg ;fg\lbHo", xfd|f] legfh'n] xfd|L 7'lNbHo"nfO{ s:tf] dfof ul/l;G5, xh'/nfO{ s] yfxf Û af]nfpFbf klg d'6' eg]/ af]nfOl;G5 . ækm]l/ xfd|L lbHo" klg t sDtL /fd|L xf]Ol;Gg lg . o:tL /fd|L :jf:gL kfpg' t xfd|f] legfh'sf] klg efUo} xf] .Æ

æx}g d}n] To:tf] eGof x}g . legfh'n] dg g8'nfP klg To:tf] /fd|f] To:tf] wgL, Toqf] k9]sf] dfG5]dfly t s]6Lx¿ cfkm} cf]Ol/g cfpnfg\ lg . xfd|f] legfh'sf] klg To:tf] s]xL ;'lg:of 5 ls 5}g lbHo" .

xf] af To:tf] x'G5 lg, t]/f] legfh' x'g t km/fl;nf 5g\ . t/ To:tf :jefjsf rflx+ 5}gg\ . o;}n] s]6Lx¿sf] kl5 nfUg] sfd ub}{gg\ xf]nf eG7fG5' .

ækm]l/ x]/ g aflx/ lx+l8/xg]x¿nfO{ z°f u/]/ ;fWo klg 5}g . z°fn] n°f 89fpF5 eG5g\, To;sf/0f d t Totflt/ ;f]Rb} ;f]lRbg .Æ

t/ a}gL tFnfO{ s] yfxf, z°fn] d]/f] dgdf slQsf] hN5 eGg] s'/f] .

legfh' km/fl;nf t 5g\ lg . ltgsf] ToxL lgl:kmqmL s]xL ga'´]sf] h:tf] ug]{ afgLn] g} t cfˆgf] d'6' vfPsf] x'G5 . aflx/ To:tf km/fl;nf t/ 3/leq k;]kl5 a? 9'Ëf] af]Nnf t/ dfG5] gaf]Nnfh:tf] . pgsf] dgsf] s'/f] hfGg xf8]cf]v/ sf]6\ofPh:tf] x'g] . l;Gsfn] vf]tNb} hlt u'bL lgsfn] klg rflx+bf] dfqfdf lgsfNg g;lsg] . cfˆgf] dgk]6 slxNo} glbg] . clg t a}gL t}+ eg t d]/f] dg slQ kf]N5 xf]nf .

x'g t pd]/ 5Fbf klg slxn]sfxL+ s;}n] o:tf] pkb|}f s'/f ;'gfOlbGy] . t/ sf]xL t cfˆgf] hNbf]aNbf] pd]/sf] cfTdljZjf;n] / s]xL cfˆgf] nf]Ug]sf] rl/qk|ltsf] cf:yfn] ubf{ tL s'/f nfpg]sf s'/fnfO{ xfjfd} p8fOGYof], t/ TolQv]/ klg æst} of] s'/f ;fFRr} t xf]Og eGg] z°fn] dg stfstf r:;r:; 3f]RYof] .Æ

cflv/ /S;L vfg] / vfP/ cfˆgf] xf];} x/fpg] dfG5]sf] e/} s] x'G5 / .

Pslbg kfx'gf cfPsf] P6f ;fyL;Fu} clkm; uPsf] nf]Ug] /flt ;f9] bzah] gfgLd}ofsf] e§Laf6 /S;L vfP/ cfPsf] cfwf 306fkl5 Tof] ;fyL egfpFbf] /08L af]s]/ cfPsf] lyof] . pgLx¿sf] nflu 9f]sf vf]Ng d]/f] nf]Ug] g} uPsf] lyof] / ltgLx¿nfO{ Jolerf/ ug{sf] d]/f] 3/sf] sf]7f klg p;n] g} b]vfOlbPsf] lyof] .

Tof] /ftel/ d /f]PsL lyPF . Ps t 3/df Pp6L k]z]j/ j]Zofsf] Jolerf/sf] nflu To;dfly Tof] cg'ej d]/f] nflu qf;bLk"0f{ lyof] . bf];|f] To; /ft ToxfF Pp6L lgbf]{if, ;/n u[lx0fLsf] cfˆgf] nf]Ug]k|ltsf] ljZjf;sf] xTof eO/x]sf] lyof] . t];|f] Tof] JolQmsf] ;Ët d]/f] nf]Ug];Fu klg lyof] cyf{t\ d]/f] nf]Ug] klg st} o:t} t ub}{g < :jf:gLnfO{ t s] yfxf x'Fbf] /}Ú5 / . sfhdf vl6P/ uPsf] nf]Ug]k|lt lgl:kmqmL eP/ pm Tof] /ft slt d:t;Fu lgbfPsL lyO{ xf]nL . t/ p;sf] Tof] nf]Ug], cfˆgL :jf:gLsf] dfof, >4f / cfkm"k|ltsf] ljZjf;nfO{ Psflt/ kG5fP/ /ftel/ Pp6L j]Zof;Fu Jolerf/df Jo:t /Xof] .

;Fu}sf] sf]7fdf cs:dft\ 36]sf] Tof] 36gfb]lv larlnt eO{ d /ftel/ /f]O/x]+, d]/f] nf]Ug] ulx/f] lgb|fdf /ftel/ 3'l//Xof] cyf{t\ k'?ifk|ltsf] gf/Lsf] ljZjf; 5lnFbf gf/Ldf dfq cfxt x'g] t/ To;n] k'?ifnfO{ k6Ss} 5'Fbf] /x]g5, k'?ifsf] d'6' kf]Nbf] /x]g5 .

tFnfO{ s] yfxf a}gL hLjgdf d klg o;/L sltkN6 dl/dl/sg afFr]sL 5' .

kb / k};fn] el/k"0f{ eP klg nf]Ug] dfG5]x¿ b'O{ v'§fdf plePsf :jf:gLdfG5] b]v]kl5 ¥ofn r'xfpFbf /x]5g\ . gq gfgLd}ofFsf] e§Ldf /S;L vfg gfgLd}ofFsf] df;'sf] nfK;fnfK;f cfFvfn] 5fDg -;s] xftn] klg 5fDy] ls_ sf7df8f}+b]lv sfh ldnfP/ dl/xQ] ub}{ xflsdx¿ cfpFy] . Toltv]/ ltgLx¿sf] lbdfuaf6 3/ u[x:yL, :jf:gL, 5f]/f5f]/L ;a x/fpYof] afFsL s]an /S;L clg d'vn] :jfb lng] e'6]sf] df;' / cfFvf / dgn] :jfb lng] gfgLd}ofFsf] sfFrf]df;' .

tL ;a} 7'n7"nf xflsd egfpFbfx¿n] ¥ofn r'xfpFb} cfˆgf] clulNt/ gfgLd}ofFsf] af/] u/]sf] s'/fx¿ ;'Gbf / ltgLx¿sf] s'/fdf ;f/ ldnfpFb} d]/f] nf]Ug] ulkmPsf] b]Vbf d]/f] dgdf z°fsf] s:tf] e'd/L rNYof] xf]nf t a}gL d tFnfO{ s] atfpF .

Psrf]l6 /S;L vfP/ l6Nn k/L tL ;a xflsd egfpFbfx¿n] æef]ln l5§} clkm; cfpg' eGg]Æ axfgfdf t?gL lkpgsf] 3/sf] 9f]sf /flt P3f/ ah] 9s9sfPsf] s'/f ef]lnkN6 Tof] t?gL lkpgn] lt/:sf/k"0f{ 9Ën] dnfO{ ;'gfpFbf e'OF kmf6] klg ToxL+ leq lanfpFy] eGg] ljrf/ ddf gcfPsf] lyPg . d]/f dg Tof] s'/f ;'Gbf l5ofl5of gePsf] xf]Og .

l5d]sL b]zaf6 k9fO{ ;s]/ cfPsL @^–@& jif{sL, zx/sL rlr{t kl/jf/sL sGofsf] ;'Gb/tf rrf{n] TolQa]nf zx/sf o'jfx¿sf ;fy} s]xL cfkm"nfO{ ;'Gb/ 7fGg] k'?ifx¿sf] d'6'sf] 9's9'sL a9fPsf] lyof] . To:tL s]6LnfO{ cfkm"n] clxn];Dd e]6\g gkfPsf]df d]/f] nf]Ug]nfO{ klg sDtL k5'tf] nfu]sf] lyPg . dfq ;'g]sf] ;'Gb/tfsf] e/df / cfˆgf] kb / k};fsf] e/f];fdf Tof] s]6L cfˆgf] kl5 nfU5] eGg] ljZjf;df Pslbg d;Fu ´u8f ub}{ p;n] dnfO{ wDSofof] . æa'l´;\ Û d tF;Fu kf/kfr's] u/L kmnfgf]sL a}gLnfO{ lax] u5'{ .Æ

x'gt a}gL p;n] Toltv]/ /S;L vfPsf] lyof] . clncln x}g k|z:t} vfPsf] lyof] . t/ t}klg s;}sf] gb]v]sf] ;'Gb/tfk|lt pm olt k|efljt lyof] ls To;nfO{ kfpg pm dnfO{ 5f]8\g tof/ lyof] . d p;sL ljjflxt kTgL . o1sf] cufl8 cg]sf}+ jfrfaGwg u/]/ ;dfhsf] cufl8 ;'v b'Mvsf] ;fyL dfGb} cfˆgf] hLjgdf leTofOPsL kTgL, ;w}+ p;sf] ;'v b'Mvdf tg, dg, wgn] ;fy lbPsL kTgL, p;sL ;GtfgsL cfdfnfO{, pm Pp6L ckl/lrt s]6Lsf] ;''Gb/tfsf] alnj]bLdf alnbfg ug{ ;lhn};Fu pBt ePsf] lyof] .

a}gL eg t Toltv]/ d]/f] dg s:t/L efFlrPsf] lyof] xf]nf <

s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf sfhdf uP/ cfPkl5 pm lgs} d'8df x'GYof] . ToxfFsL Pp6L dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] rrf{ pm v'a uYof]{ . æTof];Fu ahf/ uPFÆ, æTo;n] kf6L{df o;f] u/LÆ, æTo;n] o;f] egLÆ, æTo;nfO{ d}n] sfh ldnfP/ o;f] lhNnflt/ 3'Dg cfp eg]sf] 5'Æ, Tof] o:tL 5], Tof] p:tL 5] . cljjflxt To; sd{rf/Lk|lt pm s]xL pbf/ lyof] .

PskN6 sf7df8f}+ uPsf] a]nf ;fF´ pQ]lht / på]lnt x'Fb} p;n] dnfO{ kmf]g u¥of] . cfh x]/ clkm;af6 lkslgs uPsf] ;f¥x} dhf cfof] . a'‰of} d Tof];Fu rf/ 306f gfr]+ . clxn] klg v'a /dfOnf] nflu/fÚ5, ToxL eP/ d}n] ltdLnfO{ kmf]g u/]sf] .

ænf} nf} awfO{ 5, ltdLn] To:tf] /dfOnf];Fu lbg latfP5f}+Æ d}n] xfF;LxfF;L kmf]gdf hjfkm lbPF . t/ a}gL eljiok|ltsf] c;'/Iffn] d]/f] dg TolQv]/ slQsf] sfFt/ ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f] d tFnfO{ s] atfpF .

;s] a}gL oL ;a s'/f ;a} :jf:gLdflg;x¿sf ljjflxt hLjgsf ;fdfGo lgolt x'g Sof/ . ;fob o:tf] l:ylt ;w}+ :jf:gL dflg;x¿n] ef]Ug'k5{ xf]nf .

t/ lg a}gL cfˆgf] pd]/sf] ljZjf;n] Toltv]/ dg hudufpg lb+b}gYof] . hlt;'s} lrQ b'v] klg cfˆgf] hLtk|lt dg ljZj:t x'GYof] .

t/ a}gL pd]/ ;w}+ cfkm";Fu x'Fbf] /x]g 5 . d'7Ldf afn'jfaGb ug{ g;s] ´}+ pd]/ klg la:tf/} cfˆgf] sAhfaf6 lrKn]/ hfFbf]/x]5 .

wGo clxn]sf] cfw'lgs km];g / njfO–vjfOn] clxn]sf] gf/Lx¿sf] 9Ns]sf] pd]/nfO{ afFw]sf] h:tf] ub}}}{5 . t/ leqleq} vf]lqm+b} uPsf] tYo t cfkm"n] dfq hflgbf]+ /x]5 . clg o:tf]df cfˆgf] bfDkTo

hLjgdf cfPsf] xf+ssf] ;fdgf ug{;Sg] cfTdljZjf; cfkm"af6 u'Dg hfFbf]/x]5  . nf]Ug]dfly ljZjfz gu/f}+, cfkm"dfly emg} ljZjfz g/xFbf] /x]5 . cfkm"k|ltsf] b'a{n ljZjfzn] /ft/ftel/ ;'Tglb+bf] /x]g5,

dgsf] zflGt vf]:bf] /x]5 . To;}n] x]/ g, sltko s'/f cfkm"n]

b]Vof gb]Vo} ,;'Gof g;'Go} / ;f]Rt} g;f]r]sf] h:tf] ug'{ kbf]{/x]5 .

9'Ss} x'g ls t cfkm" lrtfdf k'Ug' kbf]{/x]5 . ls pm lrtfdf k'Ug' kbf]{ /x]5 . xf]Og eg] t hLjg o:t} /x]5 .

– dxf/fhu~h

n3'syf
;f]rfO

– slkn l3ld/]

zflGtgu/ czflGt / c;'/Iffsf] rk]6fdf k/]/ lbg–k|ltlbg ;fF3'l/+b} / v'lDrb} u}/x]sf] lyof] . ufpFdf s'g} gofF cg'xf/ k|j]z x'gf;fy ufpFn]x¿ Ps cfk;df d'vfd'v uy]{ . p;sf] rfn–rng / gfnLa]nL a'‰g bf}8Gy] . p;sf] x'lnofaf/] k"0f{ ljZj:t gxf]p~h]n;Dd /ft–/ft hfu|fd x'Gy] . o;/L ;zª\lst eP/ zflGtgu/ czflGtsf lbgx¿ sfl6/x]sf] lyof] .

% jif{;Dd czflGtsf] e"Fd/Ldf zflGtsf nflu k"0f{ lgi7fsf ;fy 86]/ /gaxfb'/ dgdf cg]s pT;fx / pdË af]s]/ cfˆgf] ufpF kms{+b} lyof] . zflGtgu/df zflGt sfod ug{ vl6g'eGbfcl3 g} p;sf] ljjfxsf] rrf{ grn]sf] xf]Og . x7ft\ sfo{ If]qdf hfg'kg]{ 7f8f] cfb]zn] p;sf tL lbgx¿df kfgL km]l/Psf] lyof] . t/ clxn]sf] oxL df}sf 5f]k]/ /gaxfb'/sf] ljjfx ug]{ ;'/ lyof] .

To;a]nf ufpFdf p;sf] ;'GtnL;Fu k|]dfnfk klg gePsf] xf]Og . t/ s] ug'{ ufpF3/df ;fOt / k};f h'/fpFbfh'/fpFb} /gaxfb'/n] ;'GtnL;Fusf] /x/nfUbf lbgx¿ r6Ss 5f8\g' k/]sf] lyof] .

ca t o;kfln ;a} s'/fn] ;fy lbPsf] 5 . ;'GtnL;Fu lax] ePkl5 To;sf] sfvdf ;'t]/ p;Fusf la5f]8sf p/f7nfUbf If0fx¿sf] cg'ej ;'gfpFbf;'gfpFb} lbgx¿ laTg] eP, dgdg} u'Gb} cg]s ;kgf a'Gb} /gaxfb'/ cfˆgf] ufpF k'u]sf] lyof] .

% jif{sf] cGt/fndf /gaxfb'/n] ufpFn]x¿sf] cfkm"k|ltsf] Jojxf/df cln leGgtf kfof] . p;a]nf 5f]/L lbg 6qm]sf] ;'GtnLsf afa'n] klg ljjfx ug{ cfgfsfgL u¥of] . /gaxfb'/nfO{ ;f¥x} l/; p7\of] . xf]Og, ltdLn] s] vf]h]sf xf} < eGbf ;'GtnLsf afa'n]–ltdL h:tf] ;w}+ uf]nL / af?b;Fu v]Ng], cfˆgf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff gePsf] dfG5]nfO{ d]/L PSnL 5f]/L lbP/ s] To;sf] l;pFbf] rfF8} g} k'5\g nfpF eGg] hjfkm lbof] .

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