Madhuparka (Essay (Nepal) )

kfgLh:tf cfOdfO{x¿

æl56f] u/ g Nx]+ Û cfOdfO{x¿ hxfF kfgL b]Vof] ToxL+ cndlng]Æ dnfO{ ;'gfpFb} Pshgf u'?ª cwa}+;] bfO kmtkmtfof] . glhs}sf] d"ndf p;sL :jf:gL xftuf]8f w'Fb} lyO{, nf]Ug] eg] xftd'v wf]O{, kfgL lkO{ lx+8\gnfO{ tof/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . d eg] afUn'ªkfgLa];Lsf] d"n glhs}sf] rf}tf/Ldf lj>fd lnO/x]sf] lyPF . jl/kl/sf] hËndf´ ;'g;fg dx;'; ul//x]sf] lyPF . lj>fd ln+bf ´'Dd lgIffh:tf] cfgGb cfO/x]sf] lyof] . Psl5gdf hf]Okf]O rf}tf/Lsf] glhs x'Fb} psfnf] nfu] . ;fdfGo Tof] u'?ªbfOsf] Tof] jfSodf d]/f] zxl/of dl:tisn] sf/0fx¿ vf]Hg yfNof] . ;Gbe{ @)%^ ;fn dª\l;/ @* ut] dËnjf/sf] xf] ha d cfˆgf] bf];|f] sfJos[lt …;?eStx¿Ú sf] k|sfzgsf] sfo{ sf7df8f}+df ;s]/ e'h'ª ndh'ª kmls{+b} lyPF .

rf/ kfFr ldg]6df rf/ kfFrhgf u'?ª t?gLx¿ dflyaf6 cfP . d x]l//x]sf] 5' . ´f]nf glhs} /fv]/ sf]xL d'v w'g yfn], sf]xL xft w'g yfn], sf]xL kfgL vfg yfn], Pshgfn] t 9'Ëfdf s's'{Rrf /u8]/ don} lgsfNg yfnL . d eg] clusf] ljrf/jfSo / of] ljrf/b[Zodf cGt/;DaGw vf]Hg yfn]F . nf6f]n] ´}+ k|To]s lqmofsnfk x]l//x]sf]n] xf]nf ltgLx¿ cfˆgf] efiffdf s'/f ub}{ a]nfa]nfdf dnfO{ x]y]{ . jf:tjdf d klg ToxL d"ndf kfgL vfg] lx;fan] g} Tof] glhs}sf] rf}tf/f]df lj>fd lnPsf] lyPF . lx+8\bf–lx+8\b}, lsg kfgL vfg], Psl5g cf/fd u5'{ / kfgL vfP/ la:tf/} psfnf] r9\g'knf{ egL a;]sf] lyPF . k|To]s k6s Tof] d"ndf d}n] kfgL vfg] u5'{ . 9'Ëfsf] lrKnf] ;tx x'Fb} au]sf] Tof] kfgL vfFbf k|To]skN6 d cfkm"nfO{ k|s[lt glhs kfpF5' . k|fozM ToxfF lx+8\g]x¿n] kftnfO{ 9'Ëfn] Rofk]/ /flvlbG5 h;n] ubf{ kftsf] aLraf6 wf/f]h:t} kfgLsf z[ª\vnfx¿ c6'6 alu/xG5g\ . tL u'?ª t?gLx¿ klg kfgLdf dgUu] cndlnPkl5 ;b/d'sfd a];Lzx/tkm{ nfu] . d p7]F, kfgL vfPF / la:tf/} psfnf] r9]+ .

psfnf]df u'?ªbfOsf] ljrf/jfSo ;D´]F . dnfO{ nfU5– xfdLn] TolQs} eg]sf s'/fx¿ klg leq dgdl:tisdf TolQs} ag]sf] x'Fb}g . s'g} klg s'/fx¿ lglZrt k|lqmof k'u]kl5 dfq dgdl:tisdf aG5 . dnfO{ ´g\ s] klg nfU5 eg] dgdl:tisdf /fd|f];Fu tL s'/fx¿ ag]sf] 5 eg] ;lhn} eGg;S5f}F x}g eg] eGgnfO{ 7"nf] k|oTg ug'{k5{ . ´g\ Tof] bfOn] eg]sf] s'/f t ;fF:s[lts s'/f . xfdL g]kfnLx¿sf] ;Gbe{df ;vf/} laxfg cfOdfO{x¿ kfgL lng hfg'kg]{ l:ylt klg t plxn} ;fF:s[lts alg;Sof] . vfgf ksfpFbf, n'ufkmf6f w'Fbf, lnkkf]t ubf{, g'xfOw'jfO{ ubf{, k"hfcfhf ubf{b]lv lnP/ /f]kfOF;Dd kfgL g} kfgL;Fu p7a; ePsf]n] xf]nf, cfOdfO{x¿ Tof] kl/lrt kfgL;Fu cNdlnPsf .

cfr/0fs} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg kfgLsf] cfr/0f ;fb[Zo x'G5 cfOdfOx¿sf] cfr/0f–leq};Dd lehfOlbg] eg'F t[Kt ul/lbg] . gfdx¿ dfq xf]Og, ;j{gfdd} cfOdfO{x¿ kfgLh:tf] hLjgbfoL, zLtnf] dfq / 5f]Og] x'G5 . cfOdfO{ gePsf] a:tL / kfgL gePsf] a:tLdf s]xL leGgtf x'Fb}g . b'j} phf8 t;y{ pbf; x'G5 . cfOdfO{x¿ d?e"lddf cf]ol;; x'g\ . t/ cfOdfO{x¿ ;w}+ lztnf]dfq sxfF x'G5 / kfgL´}+ < kl/l:yltjz cfOdfO{x¿ slxn]sfxL+ vf]nfdf af9L cfpFbfsf kfgL´}+ pu| klg x'G5g\ . kTofpg} uf¥xf] x'g]u/L s:t/L aufOlbG5 ;fgf] vf]N;fn] 7"nf7"nf a:tLx¿ < s:t/L eofgs cfklQ leTofOlbG5 cfFvf ldlnSs gub}{ cs:dft\ < sqf] ljzfn ljzfn afFwx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ kfgLnfO{ cfˆgf] cg's"ndf lgoGq0f ug{ < To:t} s:t/L ;'Gb/ 3/ IFf0fe/d} Wj:t agfOlbG5 cfOdfO{x¿n] slxn]sfxL+ clgolGqt x'Fbf < To:t} s:tf] ;"IFd;"IFd of]hgfx¿ cfof]hgf ug'{k5{ cfOdfO{x¿sf] OR5f / :jefjx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] cg's"n Joj:yfkg ug{ < kfgLnfO{ afFwdf y'g]/, ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof ldnfP/ Joj:yfkg ubf{ ufpFzx/df pHofnf] x'g]u/L lah'nL an]´}+ cfOdfO{x¿sf] OR5f / :jefjx¿sf] klg ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof k'¥ofP/ Joj:yfkg ug{;s] dgleq ´ndNn pHofnf] aN5 . s] km/s 5 / To;f] eP kfgL / cfOdfO{df . Tof] ufpFn]bfOsf] jfSodf y'k|} cy{k"0f{ cy{x¿ e]6]sf]h:tf] ePsf] xf] . kfgL klg k|s[lt xf], cfOdfO{ klg k|s[lt xf] . b'j} k|s[lt xf] To;}n] k|s[ltx¿ Pscfk;df ldNg vf]Hbf x'g\ . ToxL ldNg vf]Hbf cyf{t\ eg'F ldNg] bf}/fgdf ;do ln+bf bfOn] cndlnPsf] elglbof] . sxfF ;dflxt x'g vf]h]sf] Tof] k|lqmof sxfF cndlnPsf] eg]/ elgPsf] Tof] zAb . bfO t sxfF k|s[lt xf] / p;sf] cfˆgL :jf:gL´}+ . bfO t k'?if xf] t;y{ ;+jfbdf tfnd]n gePsf] xf]nf . Tof] x]/fO / a'´fOsf] leGgtf jf:tjdf nf]Ug] / :jf:gLsf] eGbf k|s[lt / k'?ifsf] xf] eGg] ;f]Rbf Tof] ljrf/ cToGt ljzb\ x'g vf]Hof] .

kfgL cfˆgf] cj:yf / u'0f kl/jt{g u5{ . tfkqmdsf] dfqfcg';f/ jfkm aG5 p8\5, cl;gf aG5 ´5{, lxpF aG5 ´5{ . ljZjf;} x'Fb}g . 5\jfNn5'Nn aUg] Tof] t/n IfJo s]xL tfk kfpgf;fy cj:yf kl/jt{g ub}{ p8\5 / stfstf k'U5 . ljZjf;} x'Fb}g xNsf To;/L xfjfsf] yKk8df p8\g] jfik km]l/ l5ge/d} ah|s7f]/ cl;gf ag]/ xfjfsf] yKk8nfO{ g} yKk8 lb+b} ´/\´/\ ´5{ . clg lxdfnnfO{ Zj]t, z'e| / l:gUw agfpg] lxpFsf] ufyf t a]Un} 5 . kfgLsf] o:tf] kl/jt{gzLn u'0fsf] ;fk]IFfdf cfOdfO{x¿ klg t u'0fx¿df kl/jt{gzLn 5g\ . u'0fdf klg s:tf] t/ntf kfgL / cfOdfO{ b'j}sf] ;dfg ¿kdf . cfxf Û ;[li6 s:t/L ;Gt'lnt ePsf] 5 k|s[lt / k'?ifsf] ;dfof]hgdf .

slxn]sfxL+ xfdL k'?ifx¿nfO{ kfgL´}+ cfFt leHg]u/L cfOdfO{x¿nfO{ lkpg dg nfU5 . s] xf]nf kfgLh:tf] cfOdfO{x¿sf] kfgLdf To:tf] h;n] leq};Dd cfFt lehfpg] < cfOdfO{x¿ ;f]Rbf klg slt /l;nf] cg'ej x'G5 < xfdL k'?ifx¿sf] cfuf] s;/L lgE5 cfOdfO{x¿sf] kfgLdf < d]/f] zxl/of dl:tisn] psfnf]sf] dWo–dWo cfOk'Ubf klg ;f]Rg 5f8]g .

kfgL ;ª\nf] 5 eg] ToxfF JolStsf] k|ltljDa b]lvG5 . kfgL wldnf] 5 eg] To;n] k|ltljDanfO{ lglnlbG5 7Ls Jnfsxf]nn] tf/f / vuf]nLo lk08x¿ lgn]´}+ . ;ª\nf] kfgLn] k|IFf]k ug]{ k|ltljDa klg t ljDasf] b'?:t} b]lvG5 . s:tf] b'?:t} ljDa / ljDasf] k|ltljDa . ;d'Ifn] cyfx ulx/fO af]s]sf] g} lg:;Ld cfsfzsf] cgGttfnfO{ k|IFf]k ug{ ;s]sf]n] xf] . cfsfzsf] ;Dk"0f{tfnfO{ klg s:tf] b'?:t} k|IFf]k ug{ ;s]sf] < cfsfznfO{ g} ;dflxt ub}{ cfkm" gLns07´}+ gLnf] aGb} k'gM k|IFf]k u/]kl5 Tof] lj:t[lt kfpg] g} eof] ;d'Ifn] . cflv/ Tof] lj:t[lt kfPsf] klg ;d'Ifsf] kfgLn] xf] . cfOdfO{x¿df klg t xfdL k'?ifx¿n] x]g{ hfGof}+ eg] cfˆgf] k|ltljDa b]Vg ;S5f}F . kfgL jf eg'F P]gfh:t} t x'g\ cfO{dfO{x¿ . ToxL sf/0fn] klg x'g'k5{ P]gfh:tf], cfOdfO{x¿ P]gf b]v]kl5 cln a9L g} cndlnG5g\ . k|l;4 dgf]ljZn]ifs k|mfo8 dxf]bon] P]gf;Fu ufF;]/ cfTd/ltsf] ljzb\ dgf]j}1flgs l;4fGt g} lgdf{0f u/], Tof] t cfˆgf] 7fpFdf 5Fb}5 . t/ oxfF cfOdfO{x¿ cndlngfsf sf/0fx¿ cfOdfO{sf P]gfx¿ l;;fsf P]gfx¿;Fu tfbfTDo /fVg vf]Hbf ePsf] x'g;S5 . km]l/ km'6]kl5 hf]8\g g;lsg] P]gfsf] csf]{ k[ys\ ljz]iftf klg 5 . cfOdfO{x¿sf klg P]gf–dgx¿ km'6]kl5 ghf]l8P/ Oltxf;sf s}of}+ 36gfx¿ IFftljIFft ePsf ljutx¿ xfd|f] jt{dfgd} 5 . d uDeL/h:tf] 7§f u?F– 6'6\g]km'6\g] j:t'x¿´}+, xfdLn] cfOdfO{x¿;Fu Jojxf/ ubf{ cª\u|]hL jfSo Xof08n ljy s]o/nfO{ la;{g' x'Fb}g .

afUn'ªkfgLsf] psfnf] ;lSs+bf b]p/fnLd} lr;f] xfjfsf] Ps j]u ;Dk"0f{ z/L/el/ 7f]lSsof] . sk8fsf] cfj/0f gk/]sf] cg'xf/ / xftdf xfjfsf] lr;f]kgf cg'e"t u/]+ . k|s[ltnfO{ j}olSts/0f ub}{ xfF;f]df d}n] ;f]r]F– lr;f] xfjf dnfO{ g} lng of] afUn'ªkfgL b]p/fnL;Dd cfPsf] xf] . hf8f]sf] dlxgf, rfF8} ´dSs ;fF´ k/]sf] lyof] . glhs}sf] rf}/df ufpFsf km'Rr] s]6fs]6Lx¿ xNnf ub}{ v]ln/x]sf lyP, v]Nb} xNnf ul//x]sf lyP . ylst ag]sf] Tof] ;fF´df Tof] k[i7e"ldsf] xNnfn] dnfO{ ´'Kk lgIff nufpFb} lyof] . d la:tf/} xf]6nsf] 6]andf lgIffsf] cFWof/f]df k|j]z ul//x]sf] lyPF, 7Ls ofqfGj]ifLx¿ c1ft u'kmfsf] cFWof/f]df k|j]z u/]´}+ . tGIffdf lbgel/sf cg]sf}+ ljrf/b[Zox¿ 5\of;ld; cfO/x]sf] lyof], uO/x]sf] lyof] . d cfˆg} dl:tissf] l:qmgdf rnlrq´}+ tL ljrf/b[Zox¿ x]l//x]sf] lyPF . kfgLh:tf] cfOdfO{sf] kfgLnfO{ d}n] yk s] s] eGg] … <

– kf]v/f

lgaGw
eUg tk:of

h;n] cfkm}+nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sb}g To;n] ;+;f/sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg s;/L ;S5 < h;n] cfkm}+nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sb}g To;n] s;/L b'lgofFsf] g]t[Tj u5{ < k|Zg oxL xf] . of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ d}n] cfˆg} Jojxf/df vf]Hg] r]i6f ub}{5' . t/ ljifodf k|j]z ubf{–gub}{ cfkm" km]n ePsf] cfef; kfpF5' . vf]O{ d]/f] hLjgsf] Jojl:ylt < vf]O{ sfo{qmd < vf]O{ lgoldttf < vf]O{ n]V5' eg]sf s'/fx¿ n]lvPsf <

Pp6L 5f]/LnfO{ txdf /fVg] ;fdYo{ klg /x]g5 dl;t . k9\g nfUof] cl3lNt/ cfpF5] / …afafÚ eG5] . d cfˆgf] WofgnfO{ cfˆg} k9fOlt/ s]lGIft ug{ rfxG5' . p;n] d]/f] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg cfkm}+lt/ lvRg rfxG5] . d gaf]nL–gaf]nL k9\5' . …afafÚ pm lrRofPsf] lrRofP} u/]/ cfuf] p7fpF5] . pm plk|m/xg] /] Û rln/xg] /] Û d}n] p;sf] tfl/km u/]/ p;}nfO{ x]l//xg] /] Û cf]xf] gfg" t slt hflt xf]Ú elg/xg] /] Û p;sf] dfu o:tf] 5 . d]/f] dfu cs}{ 5– pm cfkm}+df x/fP/ zfGt k|;Gg eP/ v]ln/xf];\, d}n] lgaf{w¿kdf n]Vg k9\g kfpmF . cxF ePg . …dÚ eGg] tTj slt jnjfg\ xf], of] b'O{ jif]{ aRrLdf klg Û

…Tof] hfjLnfO{ tx nufpg klg ;lsg;\ <Ú eGg' xf]nf . xf], ;ls+g . a];/L lk6]/ sfon kfg{ ;lsGYof] . afFw]/ /fVg klg ;lsGYof] . Pp6f sf]7fdf y'g]/ cfˆgf] sfd ug{ klg ;lsGYof] . d}n] To;f] ul/g . Pp6L caf]w lzz'nfO{ o;/L tx nufpg' s'g k'?iffy{ eof] / < km]l/, lgikfk, lgZ5n, lgnf]{e / lge{o 5f]/Lsf] v'zL eP/ cfˆg} af–cfdfl;t v]Ng kfpg] :jtGqtfnfO{ ank"j{s ckx/0f u/]/ pRr dfgjLo efjgfn] o'Qm s'g dxfg\ …s[ltsf] /rgf ug{ a;f}+ d <

5f]/f5f]/L b]jsf]6f, o'4k|;fb / e"lksf klg lyP . ltgn] s;/L n]v] tL s[ltx¿ < d}n] t n]V5' eg]/ dgdf p7]sf s'/fx¿dWo] kGrfgAa] k|ltzt ljifoj:t' n]Vb} gn]vLsg x/fP/ uPsf 5g\ .…n]V5'Ú eGbfeGb} laxfg hfG5 . ;fF´ hfG5 . c;f/ hfG5 . ;fpg hfG5 . d tL; jif{ x'G5' . rfnL; jif{ x'G5' . krf; jif{ x'g ca slt g} 6f9f 5 / < ;do To;}–To;} lat]/ hfg] ef] . Psbd 56\k6fpF5', t'?Gt of]hgf agfP/ Jojl:yt hLjg yflnxfNg' kg]{ eof] eGg] xtf/f] nfU5 / cfˆgLnfO{ af]nfpF5' . …P otf cfpm t ÛÚ pgL kNnf] sf]7fdf eft ksfpFb} x'lG5g\ . Psk6s af]nfPsf] cfOgg\ . d}n] km]l/ af]nfPF–PO{ ;'lggf}, otf cfpm t eg]sf] .Ú …clxn] EofPsL 5}gÚ elG5g\– pgL d]/f] xtf/f] pTsif{df x'G5 . d}n] eGg]lalQs}, ;]s]08 laTg gkfO{ pgL pkl:yt x'g\ / hLjgnfO{ Jojl:yt kfg]{ ;Nnfx 6'ª\UofOxfn"F . d pT;flxt ePsf] IFf0fdf pgL cfOgg\ . pgL cfpFbf d]/f] pT;fx lzlyn eO;s]sf] x'G5 . of] s:tf] pT;fx xf] d]/f] < dlxgf}+;Dd a]va/ x/fpF5], l5ge/ /fFsf] eP/ bGsg] / km]l/ tTsfn} lgEg] . d}n] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] cJojl:yltsf] sf/0fdf kTgL / 5f]/LnfO{ bf]if nufpF5' – dnfO{ logLx¿n] n]vk9 ug}{ lbPgg\ .

…d}n] af]nfPsf] a]nfdf lsg cfOg;\ <Ú d ´8Ë l/;fpF5' . pgL s] s] :ki6Ls/0f lbg vf]Hb} x'lG5g\ . d}n] To;} 8fFsfn] l6k]/ pgsf] jfSo aGb ul/lbG5' / a];'/ eP/ 6f]nfpF5' . pgL lvGg eP/ cfF;' v;flN5g\ / vfFb} gvfOsg ;'lT5g\ . d]/f] l/; zfGt x'Fb} hfG5 . s'/f] sxfFg]/ u8a8 eof], vf]Hg yfN5' . s/fxLdf t]n /fvL r'nfdf a;fn]/ t/sf/L sf6\g yfn]sL, t]n k'QfP/ cfuf] aNg yfln;Sof], t/sf/L sf6]/ l;l4Psf] 5}g . ToxL a]nfdf 5f]/Ln] b"wsf] efF8f] rnfpg yfnL . cl:t o;}u/L rnfpFbf–rnfpFb} hDd} b"w 3KnSs} 3f]lK6Psf] lyof] . d otf hLjg of]hgfsf] w"gdf 5', pgL ptf efG5f of]hgfsf] ;+s6u|:t df]8df xtf/–xtf/ sfo{/t l5g\ .Ú Psl5g 5f]/L x]l/lbP klg x'GYof], o;f] t/sf/L sfl6lbP klg x'GYof]Ú pgsf] dfu o:tf] xf]nf . pgL Jofjxfl/s / tfTsfnLs ;d:ofn] u|:t ePsf] a]nfdf d efjf]Q]hgfn] u|:t ePF5' . jiff}{+;Dd cfn:on] ;':tfpFbf, a]kjf{x lx+8\bf / af]Nbf eO/x]Yof]– clxn] Psfw306f k|tLIFff ug{ klg g;Sg] . of] s:tf] c;Gt'lnt w}o{ d]/f] < oxL cwL/tf xf]Og d]/f] cJoj:yfsf] d"n sf/0f <

k/LIFff cfO/x]sf] 5 . k9\g kfO/x]sf] 5}g . ;do yf]/} 5 . k':tsx¿ w]/} 5g\ . PsPs k9]/ slxn] l;l4G5 < d x/]z vfG5' . 8/fpF5' ;dol;t . jif{el/ k9\g' kg]{ . k9\b} gk9L laTof] . ca hDd} s'/f PsxKtfdf k9\g' 5 . k9]/ Eofpg t ;Dej} 5}g . t/ d Eofpg} rfxG5' . clg wdfwd kfgf kN6fpF5' . sfnf cIFf/x¿ s]jn x]b}{, k9\b} xf]Og, a'‰b} xf]Og cf7–bzj6f lstfasf kfgf kN6fpF5' . lbgel/ kfgf kN6fpF5' . xKtfel/ kfgf kN6fpF5' . ljifout ¿kdf leq k|j]z ug}{ ;lStg . o;af6 d}n] 1fgsf] yf]kf] s]xL u|x0f u/]sf] 5}g . o;/L cy{xLg kfgf kN6fOdf lat]sf] 5 d]/f] hLjg .

of] 5f]/LnfO{ s] ug]{ xf]nf < ha d k9\g yfN5' cfP/ d]/f] k':ts ;dfpF5] . Tof] k':ts p;}nfO{ lbG5' / csf]{ k':ts k9\g yfN5' . cl3 d}n] lbPsf] k':ts 5f]8]/ d}n] lnPsf] k':ts ;dfpF5] . d}n] h'g ;dfTof] ToxL lsg rflxG5 o;nfO{ < d n]Vg vf]H5' p;n] snd ;dfpF5] . Tof] snd p;nfO{ lbG5' / csf]{n] n]Vg yfN5' . p;n] km]l/ d]/} xftsf] snd tfG5] . lbSs dfG5' . ;':t–;':t ufnfdf r8\ofDd xflglbG5' . p;n] klg d]/f] ufnfdf r8\ofDd xfG5] . d}n] km]l/ xfG5' . p;n] km]l/ xfG5] . of] k|lqmof Pjd\/Ltn] s]xL ;do rN5 . …slt dft]sL xf] of] s]6L, slt lh2Ljfn xf] ÛÚ d}n] ;xg} ;lQmg / cln hf]8l;t xflglbG5' . pm ca k|ltjfb ug{ ;lQmg, ToxL+ 8fFsf] 5f8]/ ?G5] . lgs}a]/ ?G5] . uf/f] dfgL dfgL ?G5] . sf]sf]xf]nf] dRrfP/ o;/L /f]O/x]sf] a]nfdf d zfGt /x]/ k9\g s;/L ;Sy]F / < lvGg eP/ 6f]nfO/xG5' . cflv/ ?jfP/ s] kmfObf eof] < Pp6L caf]w aflnsfnfO{ o;/L r'6\g' Û s:tf] d"v{tf d]/f] Û

of] aRrL lsg olt rsrs] 5] < s] ;a} aRrf o:t} x'G5g\ < d]/L cfdfn] dnfO{ o:t} b'Mv sf6]/ x'sf{pg' ePsf] xf] t < d To:tf] rsrs] lyOFg ls Û c´} a9\tf kf] lyPF ls <

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