Madhuparka (View (Nepal) )

;f´fsf] k|sfzg Joj:yf

g]kfndf k|sfzg u[xsf] cefjsf sf/0f h'g dfqfdf k':tsx¿ k|sflzt x'g'kYof]{, Tof] ¿kdf x'g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] ljz]ifu/L ;flxlTos If]qdf ;'lgg] u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L :t/sf] g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fg / ;xsf/L :t/df rn]sf] ;f´f k|sfzgn] n]vs–;flxTosf/n] ;f]r]cg';f/ pgLx¿sf s[ltx¿ k|sflzt ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . nufgL u/]/ To:tf s[ltx¿sf] k|sfzg ug]{ cGo lghL k|sfzgx¿sf] cefj g} 5 / n]vs– ;flxTosf/ :jo+n] s[ltx¿ k|sfzg ug{ klg Go"g cfly{s :t/sf sf/0f ;Dej 5}g . lghL k|sfzgx¿n] Jofkfl/s b[li6n] x]/]/ ahf/ lng;Sg] dfq 5fKg' pgLx¿sf] Jofkfl/s wd{ klg xf] . Pp6f s[lt k|sfzg ug{ sDtLdf klg aL; xhf/ nufgL ug}{k5{ eg] To;sf] laqmL–ljt/0f ePg eg] p;sf] Joj;fo g} aGb x'ghfG5 . JolQmn] lgsfn]sf k':tsx¿ klg ahf/sf] cefjsf sf/0f 3/df jf k|];df g} ylGs/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;} afF8]/ klg g;lsg] cj:yf xfdLsxfF ljBdfg 5, laqmLsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+ . ljz]iftM ;flxlTos s[ltx¿df of] cj:yf Hofbf b]lvG5 . kx'Fr x'g]x¿, le8fpg ;Sg]x¿, bf}8w"k ug{ ;Sg]x¿n] vr{ p7fpF5g\, gfkmf klg lgsfN5g\ . To;f] ug{ ;Sg]x¿sf nflu s[lt uxlsnf] x'g' klg kb}{g . æaf]Ng]sf] kL7f] laS5, gaf]Ng]sf] rfdn klg laSb}gÆ eGg] nf]sf]lQm o:t}df nfu" x'G5 ;fob . ;flxTosf/x¿sf] hLjg:t/ cfkm"n] tof/ kf/]hlt kf08'lnlkx¿ k|sfzg ug{;Sg] cj:yfsf] 5}g . hLjgofkgs} nflu ;ª\3if{/t n]vs k|sfzg u[xx¿sf] cefjsf sf/0f …ls+st{Joljd"9Ú 5g\ .

;/sf/L :jfldTj ePsf k|sfzg u[xx¿ g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fg / ;f´f k|sfzg klg n]vs–;flxTosf/x¿n] cfzf u/]cg'¿k ;xof]uL aGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ eGg] u'gf;f] oqtq ;'Gg kfOG5 . o;df klg, clxn]nfO{ k|1f–k|lti7fgnfO{ cnUu} /fv]/ ;f´f k|sfzgnfO{ dfq} sf]§ofpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . of] g} k'/fgf] / k|sfzgsf] sfd lg/Gt/ ub}{ cfPsf] ;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf .

g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt / lzIffsf] ljsf;sf nflu lj=;++ !(&) df ;/sf/L :t/af6 uf]/vf efiff k|sflzgL ;ldltsf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . kl5 lj=;+= !(() ;fndf g]kfnL efiff k|sflzgL ;ldltdf ¿kfGtl/t eP/ kf7\ok':ts tyf kf7\o;fdu|L / l;h{gfTds s[ltx¿sf] k|sfzg sfo{df ;+nUg /xFb} cfPsf] ;/sf/L ;+:yf lj=;++ @)@! ;fndf cfP/ ;f´f k|sfzgdf ¿kfGt/0f eof] . ;f´f k|sfzg ;xsf/L P]g, @)!^ cGtu{t ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 lj=;+= @)@! dª\l;/ @% ut] ljlwjt\¿kdf btf{ eO{ lj=;++ @)@@ ;fnaf6 cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ub}{} cfPsf] kfOG5 . lj=;+= @)@! dª\l;/ !& ut] ljZjaGw' yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf :yfkgf ePsf] ;f´f k|sfzgdf sdndl0f bLlIft, s'nz]v/ zdf{, lzj/fh >]i7 k|yd ;~rfnssf ¿kdf /x]sf lyP . efiff, ;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf oltnfdf] ;dob]lv sfo{/t ;+:yfn] xfnsf] cj:yfdf s] s:tf sfo{x¿ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 < n]vs, ;flxTosf/x¿ ;f´f k|sfzg;Fu ;Gt'li6 x'g'x'G5 jf x'g'x'Gg < ;f´f k|sfzgn] slQsf] kf/bzL{ eP/ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 < ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ljut / jt{dfg cj:yfdf s] s:tf ;'wf/ k|of;x¿ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ < h:tf ofjt\ ljifox¿df k|sfzg;Fu s'g} ;dodf ;Da4 /x]sf / xfn ;DalGwt JolQm;Fu ul/Psf s'/fsfgLx¿nfO{ oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

;f´f k|sfzgaf6 cfˆgf k':tsx¿ k|sflzt xf]pg\ eGg] OR5f k|To]s n]vsn] /fv]sf] x'G5 / ToxfF a'´fPsf kf08'lnlkx¿ cTolws dfqfdf x'G5g\ eGb} nfdf] ;do;Dd ;f´f k|sfzgdf lhDd]jf/ kbdf /xg'ePsf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg eGg'x'G5– ;f´fsf] d"n p2]Zo eg]s} ;flxTo, 1fg–lj1fg / kf7\oqmdsf kf7\ok':tsx¿ k|sfzg ug'{ xf] . ;f´fdf kf08'lnlk a'´fpFb}df 5flkg] xf]Og, ToxfF a'´fPsf dWo] plrt 7fg]/ k/LIfsnfO{ hFrfP/ dfq k|sfzg ul/G5 . kf08'lnlksf] efiffut pRrtf, ;/ntf, ;';+:s[tkg, To;sf] k|sfzgaf6 ;flxTodf k'Ug] of]ubfg, To;sf] gofFkg cflb x]l/G5 / To:tf] s]xL gePdf rlr{t n]vss} eP klg 5flkFb}g .

;f´faf6 k':tsx¿ k|sfzg ug]{;DaGwLsf] k|lqmof Hofb} /fd|f] 5 eGb} s]xL ;do;Dd ;f´fsf] pRr kbdf a:g'ePsf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ u0f]z /l;s eGg'x'G5– ;f´fdf btf{ ul/Psf kf08'lnlkx¿ k|sfzgsf nflu of]Uo 5g\, 5}gg\ eGg] k|f/lDes 5fglag ug{sf nflu ;ldltsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5, ;ldltn] x]/]kl5 ;~rfns ;ldltdf hfG5 . ;~rfns ;ldltn] pko'Qm 7fg]kl5 ljz]if1x¿ ;lDdlnt d"Nof°g ;ldltdf k7fOG5 / d"Nof°g ;ldltn] cWoog–dgg u/L cfjZos eP ;'wf/x¿;d]t u/L kf; u/]kl5 k|fyldstfqmd cg';f/ k|sfzg ul/G5 . dfgjLo sdhf]/L hxfF klg x'G5, Oi6ldq, gftf–s'6'Da t eOxfN5g\ eGb} /l;s eGg'x'G5– k|sfzgqmddf o:tf s'/fn] s]xL k|efj t kfl/xfN5g\ g} . o;nfO{ gsfg{ ;lsFb}g / o;nfO{ ulx/f]¿kdf x]l/b}Fg klg .

;f´f k|sfzgsf jt{dfg cWoIf /xg'ePsf ;flxTosf/ lji0f'lje' l3ld/] ;f´fsf] xfnsf] k|sfzg;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] rrf{ ub}{ eGg'x'G5– k|sfzgsf] d"n cfwf/ t cfGtl/s d"Nof°g g} xf], cfGtl/s d"Nof°g u/]/ …k':ts 5gf}6 pk;ldltÚdf /flvG5 / To;kl5 ljz]if1sf]df k7fOG5 t/ clt ljlzi6 ;flxTosf/, pd]/n] ;Q/L jif{ kf/ ul/;s]sf ;flxTosf/x¿sf kf08'lnlkx¿, h;nfO{ g t ljz]if1n] sf6\g ;S5g\ g t xfdLn] g} sf6\g, ;+zf]wg ug{ ;S5f}+, To:tfnfO{ ljz]if1sf]df gk7fO{ k|sfzgdf nfG5f}+ . cGoyf k|lqmofut¿kdf ;a}sf] Pp6} xf], oxfF gftfjfb, s[kfjfb Tolt grNg] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{x'G5 cWoIf l3ld/] .

k':ts k|sfzg ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] sfo{sfndf s'g} ljwfsf k':tsx¿sf] cefj 5 eg] To;nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ k|sfzg ug]{ u/]sf] atfpFb} jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg eGg'x'G5– h'g kf08'lnlknfO{ k|sfzgdf NofpFbf ;flxTodf of]ubfg k'U5, ;flxTo / ljZjljBfnodf k7gkf7gdf cefj v8\lsPsf] bz{g, efiff, ;+:s[lt cflbsf s[ltx¿df hf]8 lbPsf] / clxn] klg To;} eO/x]sf] 5 eGg]df ljZjf; JoQm ug'{x'G5 . k|sfzgkZrft\ ylGsg] k':tsnfO{ 5f]8]/ kf7scg's"n nf]s?lrnfO{ Wofg lbP/ k|sfzg ug'{kg]{ pxfFsf] wf/0ff 5 .

;f´f k|sfzgh:tf] ;/sf/L :t/sf] pRr ;+:yfaf6 5flkPsf s]xL s[ltx¿ ahf/df cfO;s]kl5 ljjflbt eP/ To;nfO{ ahf/af6 p7fO{ k'gM kl/dfh{g u/]/ 5fk]sf 36gfx¿sf] :d/0f u/fpFbf s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg eGg'x'G5– ;dLIfssf] b[li6sf]0fsf] sdLaf6 To:tf] x'G5, o:tf 36gfx¿ gu0o¿kdf x'G5g\ . ljjfbf:kb s'/fdf n]lvPsf], s;}sf] j}olQms rl/q xTof x'g]u/L n]lvPsf] ljifodf 5gf}6 ;ldlt / d"Nof°g ;ldltn] ;r]t /xg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'x'G5 k|wfg . ;f´f k|sfzg ljjfbaf6 6f9f /xg'kg]{ / ;a};Fu 3lgi6 Jojxf/ /fVg'kg]{ atfpFb} k|wfg eGg'x'G5– /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0f /flvof] eg] ;+:yf dfly p7\g ;Sb}g .

k|sfzgsf nflu cfPsf x/]s kf08'lnlkx¿ ;~rfns ;ldltn] x]g{ ;Dej x'Fb}g, ;'?df g} ;ldltn] Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{x'G5 u0f]z /l;s . n]vssf] p2]Zo / lg0ff{ossf] p2]Zo ldNg uof] eg] ljjflbt kf08'lnlkn] klg k|sfzgsf] df}sf kfpg ;Sg] atfpFb} pxfF eGg'x'G5– ;f´f eg]sf] ;/sf/sf] klg :jfldTj /x]sf] ;+:yf ePsfn] ljjflbt s'/Fx¿af6 6f9f /xg'k5{ . ;+:yf ljjfbdf kg]{u/L k|sfzg u/]/ k'gM ;+zf]wg u/]/ 5fKbf ;+:yfnfO{ 7"nf] 3f6f x'G5 . To;}n] dof{bfdf cfFr gk'Ug] u/L k|sfzg ug'{kg]{ ljrf/ /l;ssf] /x]sf] 5 .

d"Nof°gsf nflu kf08'lnlk k7fO;s]kl5 k|sfzg ug{ x'g] jf gx'g] 5'6\ofP/ dfq} lkmtf{ x'g] / k|sfzg ug{ g;Sg] vfnsf n]vsnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/g] u/]sf] klg cWoIf lji0f'lje' l3ld/] atfpg'x'G5 . ;f´fsf] :t/ sfod /xg] vfnsf], nfutn] wfGg]vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . To:tf] gePdf s;}sf klg kf08'lnlkx¿ /f]lsFb}gg\ . n]vs klg cfˆgf] kf08'lnlk 5kfO{sf nflu of]Uo eP gePsf] hlt;Sbf] l56f] hfGg rfxG5g\, k|lqmof ldnfpg klg l56f] u5f}{+ eGg'x'G5 l3ld/] . cfˆgf] sfo{sfndf s;}nfO{ klg e]b\efj gu/]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{x'G5 pxfF . ;DalGwt ljefun] Wofg lbg g;Sbf ljjflbt vfnsf ljifoj:t'sf k':tsx¿ klg 5flkg ;S5g\, ;+:yfdf l:y/tf ePg eg] klg ;+:yf ;jn x'g g;Sg] pxfFsf] wf/0ff 5 .

k':ts k|sfzgqmddf ;f´fn] cfˆgf] of]hgf agfPsf] / ;f]xLcg'¿k syf, sljtf, gf6s cflbsf ;ª\u|xx¿ 5fKg] u/]sf] cWoIf lji0f'lje' l3ld/] atfpg'x'G5 . ;]jfd'vL x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0f ckgfpg} k5{ . n]vs, ;flxTosf/x¿sf] k|lti7f sfod /fVb} cl3a9\g ;f´f k|lta4 5 eGg'x'G5 l3ld/] .

cfˆgf] ;f]¥xjif]{ sfo{sfnsf] cjlwdf s;}sf] s'g} sfdsf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/L :t/af6 s'g} lsl;dsf] bafa gcfPsf] :d/0f ub}{ s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg cufl8 eGg'x'G5 – ;fyLefO / lrghfgsfx¿n] eg] lsrlsr ul//xGy] t/ To;nfO{ 5kfO{sf] cfwf/ agfpg' x'Fb}g . To;/L 5flkof] eg] :t/Lotfdf sdL cfpF5, ;flxTo vl:sG5 . a? /fd|f] vfnsf] of]hgf agfP/ pTs[i6 k':tsx¿ lgsfNg ;f´f cfkm} cu|;/ x'g'k5{ . clxn] o;} ul//x]sf]n] dnfO{ klg v';L nfu]sf] 5 .

;f´f k|sfzg >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;+o'Qm ;+:yf xf], o;df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 rf/hgf / z]o/ wgLx¿af6 tLghgf ;~rfns /x]sf x'G5g\ eGb} ;flxTosf/ u0f]z /l;s cufl8 eGg'x'G5– ;f´f k|sfzgsf] ;~rfng z]o/af6 dfq ;Dej 5}g, o;df z]o/ c+z aL; k|ltzt eGbf sd 5 . k':ts k|sfzgkZrft\ n]vsn] kfpg] n]vs:j -/f]oN6L_ jfkt z]o/ lbOG5 . o;af6 ;+:yfsf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof a9\b} hfG5 . Pp6f s'/f lglZrt xf] ls ToxfFsf] sd{rf/LtGq ;jn 5, To;n] gofF ;~rfnsx¿nfO{ 3'dfOlbg ;S5 eGg'x'G5 /l;s .

;f´fnfO{ :jR5 5lj ePsf] ljZjfl;nf] ;+:yfsf ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg cfkm" nfluk/]sf] b[9tf cWoIf lji0f'lje' l3ld/] JoQm ug'{x'G5 . ;f´fsf] sfd u/fOdf st}af6 bafa 5}g . n]vsn] eGg] t :jfefljs} xf], s;}sf] k|j[lQ g} rfs8Ldf /dfpg] x'G5 / jl/kl/ nfU5g\ t/ o;n] s'g} c;/ gkfg]{ pxfF atfpg'x'G5 . cfˆgf] :ki6 wf/0ff / dfGotf alg;s]kl5 ;~rfnsx¿n] klg To;nfO{ gf£g ;Sb}gg\ / ;/sf/ jf /fhgLlts dfG5]n] klg bjfj lbg ;Sb}gg\ eGg'x'G5– l3ld/] .

;f´f klg Jofkfl/s +;+:yf g} xf], Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0f t /fVg}k5{ eGg'x'G5 s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg . JolQmut lrghfg, rfs8L t hxfF klg rn]s} 5, ;f´fdf klg o;n] k|efj kfnf{ t/ ckjfbdf lng'k5{ o:tf s'/fnfO{ . kf7\ok':tsx¿ lgsfNg' t p;sf] Jofkf/ xf], o;af6 ;flxlTos s[lt k|sfzgdf s'g} c;/ kb}{g eGg'x'G5 pxfF .

ljt/0f Joj:yf, ahf/ k|a4{g cflbsf ;DaGwdf jl/i7 ;dfnf]rs s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg eGg'x'G5– xf], ;f´fsf w]/} sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿ 5g\ . k|sflzt ePsf gofF k':tsx¿ ahf/df k7fpg l9nfO{ x'g', :t/Lo 5kfO{ gx'g', sfuh u'0f:t/sf] gx'g'h:tf s'/fx¿ clxn]sf sdhf]/Lx¿ x'g\ . k|lt:kwf{Tds ¿kdf cl3 a9\g ;Sg'k5{, sfuh, jfOl08ª, 5kfO{, ;hfj6df Wofg k'¥ofP/ k|lt:kwf{Tds Jofj;flos gLlt cFufNg'k5{ kf7sLo dgf]lj1fg, ahf/sf] dfu cflbnfO{ klg plQs} Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;Nnfx k|wfg lbg'x'G5 .

sd{rf/Lx¿df hflu/] k|j[lQ 5, laqmL–ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;a} kIfn] Wofg lbg ;Sg'k5{, ta dfq ;f´fn] cfkm"nfO{ gofF ;f]rdf cl3 a9fpg ;S5 eGb} u0f]z /l;s eGg'x'G5– g]kfndf cf7–gf} ;o k':tsx¿ Ps jif{df k|sflzt x'G5g\ xf]nf, ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kf7\ok':ts k9\b}df km';{b 5}g . xfd|f] qmozlQmdf sdL 5, kq–klqsf / cGo dgf]/~hgsf ;fwgx¿n] k};f vfO/x]5g\ . laqmL–ljt/0fsf nflu aflx/af6 5flkPsf lstfax¿ laqmLsf nflu glng] xf] ls eGg] rrf{ klg rn]sf] xf] t/ n]vs–;flxTosf/x¿nfO{ ;xof]u klg t ug'{k¥of] eGg'x'G5 /l;s . k|To]s zfvfdf laqmLsf nflu k':tsx¿ k7fOG5 t/ uf]bfd Joj:yfsf] cefjsf sf/0f sl7gfO ePsf] :jLsfg'{x'G5 pxfF .

xfdLsxfF ;+:yfut ¿kdf xf];\ jf JolQmut ¿kdf xf];\, k':ts k|sfzg ;ª\Vof pxL xhf/b]lv P3f/;oeGbf dfly p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljut nfdf] ;dob]v xfn;Ddsf] cj:yf o:t} 5 . o;k|lt jl/i7 ;dfnf]rs Pjd\ lgaGwsf/ s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg eGg'x'G5– klxnf] s'/f t qmozlQmsf] cefj g} xf], bf];|f] k9\g] afgL gx'g' / clN5 k|j[lQn] u|l;t x'g' xf] . xfdLsxfF ;flxTosf/df ulgPsfx¿ g} ;flxlTos k':ts lsGb}gg\ eg] c¿n] t ´g\ lsg lsGy] Û

kf7s ;ª\Vof g} a[l4 gePsf] eGg] xf]Og . ljljw s'/fn] k|efj kfl//x]sf] x'G5 . hxfF;Dd ;f´fsf] laqmL Joj:yfsf] s'/f 5 To;df s]xL sdhf]/Lx¿ klg 5g\ eGb} u0f]z /l;s cufl8 eGg'x'G5– ;f´fn] k|rf/–k|;f/df s~h':ofO{+ ub{5, vr{ ub}{g . ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 Jofks¿kdf k|rf/ ug{ g;Sbf klg laqmLdf sdL x'G5 . laqmLdf rft'o{tf, zf]?dx¿sf] Joj:yfnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . :6f]/df nu]/ af]/fdf vfFb]/ /fVbf / zf]?ddf /fVbfsf] cj:yfdf cfsfz–hldgsf] cGt/ x'G5 . cfˆgf] sfo{sfndf zf]?dsf] nflu kxn u/]sf] t/ c;dod} x6\g' k/]sf]n] sfd x'g g;s]sf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .

u0f]z /l;sn] ;f´fdf cfkm" /xFbfsf] cj:yfdf ;f´f k|sfzgsf] laqmL Joj:yf / k':tsfnosf ;DaGwdf gjLg ;f]r agfPsf] klg atfpg' eof] . k|To]s ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ah]6df kRrL; k|ltzt ah]6 ;fdflhs ljsf;df vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf P]gdf ePsfn] cfkm"n] :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL sdn yfkf ePsf avt k|To]s uflj;sf], lhlj;sf] / gkfsf] ah]6af6 k':ts lsg]/, ;f´f k|sfzg;Fu ldn]/ ufpF–ufpFdf k':tsfnox¿ :yfkgf ug]{ k|:tfj /fv]sf] atfpg' eof] . kl5 cd[t af]xf]/f :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL x'Fbf klg k|:tfj nu]sf] / ;sf/fTds kxn x'Fbfx'Fb} cfkm" c;dod} x6\g' k/]sf]n] s]xL x'g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] JoQm ug'{eof] /l;sn] .

g]kfnL efifLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof x]bf{ tLg s/f]8 gf3]sf] x'g'k5{ t/ k':ts 5flkg] ;ª\VofrflxF cfheGbf aL; jif{ cl3 klg pxL xhf/k|lt / cfh klg pxL xhf/k|lt 5flkg'n] ;flxTon] ´fFlug] df}sf gkfPsf] wf/0f JoQm ug'{x'G5 lji0f'lje' l3ld/] . ;~rf/sf] o:tf] Jofkstfdf klg o:tf] x'g' ;flxTonfO{ ;j{Joflk¿kdf u|x0f ug{ g;Sg' xf] . JolQmjfbL / ef}ltsjfbL o'udf k|To]s dfG5] :jfyL{ ag]sf] 5, pm :jfy{n] g} sfo{ ub{5 eGb} l3ld/] eGg'x''G5– r]tgfsf] sdL, cfˆgf] efiffk|lt df]x gx'g', k9\g] afgL gx'g' / cGo dgf]/~hgsf ;fwgx¿df dfG5] afFl8Psfn] klg ;flxTosf] :t/ dfly p7\g g;s]sf] xf] .

;f´fn] ug]{ sfdx¿df sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿ ePsf] :jLsfg'{ x'G5 cWoIf l3ld/] . ;+:yfut ePsfn] dfG5]df a9L ljZjf; 5 / dfG5]n] ;f´fnfO{ laqmL ug{ egL s]xLk|lt k':ts lbG5g\ t/ n]vsn] g} d'Vo–d'Vo 7fpFx¿df k'¥ofO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f´fnfO{ ljt/0fdf cK7\of/f] 5 eGg'x'G5 pxfF . ;f´fsf] ljt/0f Joj:yf Tolt /fd|f] gePsfn] cfkm" ;'wfg{tkm{ nfu]sf] / u|fdL0f kf7snfO{ d'Vo nIo agfPsf] atfpg' x'G5 . ef/tLo kqklqsfx¿ ufpF;Dd k'lu/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL k':ts–klqsf k'¥ofpg g;Sg' xfd|f] klg sdhf]/L xf] eGg'x'G5 l3ld/] .

;f´f k|sfzgsf tkm{af6 :yfkgf ul/Psf pNn]Vo k'/:sf/x¿ 5g\ . ;f´f k'/:sf/ ?= @%,))).– /flzsf], nf]s;flxTo k'/:sf/ ?= %,))).– /flzsf], ul/df ;Ddfg ?= % ))).–÷%))) sf] uB / kBdf / afn;flxTo k'/:sf/ ?= !),))).– sf] /x]sf 5g\ . oL k'/:sf/x¿sf] ljt/0fdf slQsf] :jR5tf 5 t < eGg] ;DaGwdf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg eGg'x'G5– k'/:sf/df wfFwnL g} t b]v]sf] 5}g, clxn];Dd vf;} ljjfbdf klg k/]sf] 5}g . lg0ff{osx¿sf cfwf/df ul/g] ePsfn] ;~rfnsx¿ cyjf cWoIfaf6 s'g} x:tIf]k gx'g] atfpg'x'G5 pxfF . rog sld6Ln] To:tf] s]xL u/] eg] To;nfO{ ;f´fsf] uNtL eGg ldNb}g eGg'x'G5 k|wfg .

k'/:sf/ ljt/0f klg lstfax¿ 5fKg] h:t} xf], ljz]if1sf] 6f]nLn] ug]{ ePsfn] ;~rfnsx¿sf] s'g} xft g/xg] atfpg'x'G5 jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ u0f]z /l;s klg . cfkm"x¿ cjufnsf] ef/L lsg af]Sg] eg]/ P]gdf g} Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] eGg'x'G5 pxfF . lg0ff{osx¿n] g} To:tf] s'g} abdf;L ul/lbP eg] t ;f´fsf] s]xL gnfUg] /l;s atfpg'x'G5 .

lgodfjnL cg';f/ x'g] ePsfn] ;f´fsf k'/:sf/x¿ kf/bzL{ 5g\ eGg'x'G5 lji0f'lje' l3ld/] . jif{el/ 5flkPsf s[ltx¿nfO{ kfFrhgf ljåfg\sf]df k7fOG5 . ljåfg\x¿sf] lg0ff{os d08nn] s[lt rog ubf{ dt}So gePdf k'gM csf]{ ljlzi6 ljåfg\sf] /fosf nflu k7fOg] ePsfn] :jR5tf sfod /xg]df ljZjf; JoQm ug'{x'G5 pxfF . To:t}, ul/df ;Ddfgdf klg ;a} /rgfx¿ ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltn] x]g]{, 5nkmn ug]{ ePsfn] ljjfb/lxt x'g] / :t/Lo g} k'/:s[t x'g] atfpg'x'G5 l3ld/] .

;f´f k|sfzgn] cfˆgf] :yfkgfb]lv xfn;Dd cfOk'Ubf s/La kGw| ;o k':tsx¿ k|sflzt ul/;s]sf] 5 . efiff–;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt / lzIffsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|rf/–k|;f/ sfo{sf nflu :yflkt ;f´f k|sfzgdf ;flxTosf/, n]vs, ljåfg\, snfsf/ cflb u/]/ s/La ;q;o c+lzof/x¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] ;f´f k|sfzgn] ;flxlTos k':ts–klqsfx¿sf] k|sfzgaf6 dfq cl:tTj sfod /fVg g;Sg] ePsfn] kf7\ok':tsx¿ klg k|sflzt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . :6]ag/L pBf]u rnfpg', ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿df nufgL ug'{, ;Gbe{ k':ts–kl/of]hgf cGtu{t :s'nsf k':ts k|sflzt ug'{ ;f´fsf cfTdlge{/lt/sf kfOnfx¿ x'g\ . ;/sf/L cg'bfg / ;xof]ulagf ;~rfng eP klg ;f´f k|sfzgn] af}l4s r]tgfsf] ljsf;df lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsf dxQ\jk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . kfFr} ljsf; If]qsf ljleGg zx/x¿ / lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx¿df zfvf vf]n]/ ;f´fn] laqmL–ljt/0fdf ckgfPsf] gLlt pNn]Vo eP klg cfGtl/s sdL–sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f ;f´f k|sfzgn] ;f]r]cg'¿k pGglt ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ljBdfg sdL –sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ x6fO{ ;xsfl/tfsf] pRrtd\ gd"gf k|:t't ub}{ ;f´fn] pGglt ug{ ;s]sf] v08df ;flxlTos pGglt klg :jtM x'g] lyof] eGg ;lsG5 .

k|:t'lt– t'n;Lxl/ sf]O/fnf