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lji0f' wdf]{Q/ cg';f/ …blIf0f+Q' d'v+ /f}b|+ e}/j+ tTk|sLlt{td\ÚÛ cyf{t\ eujfg\ lzjsf] kfFr d'vx¿dWo] blIf0ftkm{sf] d'v e}/jsf] xf] . Tof] lzjsf] /f}b| ¿k xf] . lzjsf] /f}b|¿knfO{ klg cf7 k|sf/df afFl8Psf] 5 . tL x'g\ sfn cyjf r08 e}/j, clztfË e}/j, ;+xf/ e}/j, skfn e}/j, ?? e}/j, qmf]w e}/j / pGdQ e}/j . oL ci6 e}/jsf] klg cf–cfˆg} a]Unfa]Un} klxrfgx¿ 5g\ .

sfn cyjf r08 e}/j gLnf] j0f{sf] x'G5 . pgn] clUg, efnf, ubf / leIffkq lnPsf] x'G5 . pgsf] jfxg aFb]n xf] . clztfË e}/j ;'gf}nf j0f{sf], x[i6k'i6 ul7nf] z/L/ ePsf], lqz'n, 8d?, kf; / t/jf/ lnPsf] x'G5 . pgsf] jfxg l;+x xf] . s'g} s'g} u|Gydf clztfË e}/jnfO{ sfnf] j0f{sf] klg elgG5 . ;+xf/ / skfn e}/j b'j} /ftf] j0f{sf x'G5g\ To;df klg ;+xf/ e}/jsf] j0f{nfO{ r6\ofËsf] /Ëh:t} /ftf] elgPsf] 5 . tL b'j} e}/jn] leIffkfq, sjr, ubf / ;fgf] a5L{ -efnf_ lnPsf] x'G5 . skfn e}/jsf] jfxg d[u xf] eg] ;+xf/ e}/jsf] jfxg zj -nf;_xf] . ?? e}/jsf] j0f{ ;]tf] x'G5 . s'g} s'g} u|Gydf lognfO{ tfd| j0f{sf] elgPsf 5g\ . pgn] dfl0fssf] u/uxgf nufPsf] x'G5Ù pgsf] xftdf km"nsf] u'R5f, c+s'z, u|Gy / jL0ff x'G5 . pgsf] jfxg s's'/ xf] . qmf]w e}/jsf] j0f{ WjfF;f]h:tf] cyf{t\ v/fgL /Ëh:tf] x'G5 . pgn] nfdf] / 5f]6f] b'O{ vfnsf t/jf/x¿, sjr / a~r/f] lnPsf x'G5g\ . pgsf] jfxg pF6 xf] . pGdQ e}/jsf] j0f{ ;]tf] x'G5 . pgL /fd|f] / xftdf leIff kfq, sjr, ubf / ;fgf] a5L{ lnPsf] x'G5 . pgsf] jfxg xfF; xf] . ?b| / eLif0f e}/jx¿sf] j0f{ /ftf] x'G5 / ltgLx¿sf] jfxg 3f]8f xf] .

…lji0f' wdf]{Q/… df e}/jsf] j0f{g o;/L ul/Psf] 5– 7"nf] k]6, uf]nf] kx]Fnf] cfFvf, d'vsf] 5]paf6 bf¥xf lg:s]sf], gfssf] Kjfn km's]sf], d'08 dfnf nufPsf], ;k{sf] uxgfsf] ;fy} cGo uxgfx¿ nufPsf], sfnf] afbnh:t} j0f{ ePsf], xfQLsf] 5fnfsf] a:q nufPsf], ljleGg xftdf ljleGg cfo'wx¿ lnPsf], kfj{tLnfO{ t;f{O/xg] elgPsf] 5 . …clUgk'/f0fÚdf e}/jsf] j0f{g o;/L ul/Psf] 5– cs{x:t, s"k{ /fOo, h6fdf rGb|df wf/0f ug]{, v8\u, cª\s'z, s'7f/, af0f / ceo Psfkl§ xftdf / rfk, lqz'n, v6jfË, kfz / a/ d'b|f csf]{ xftdf wf/0f ug]{ / bz jf kfFrj6f 6fpsf] ePsf] egL elgPsf] 5 .

w]/}h;f] e}/jx¿nfO{ 7"N7"nf l/;fPsf cfFvf ePsf], af3sf] h:tf] tLvf bfFtx¿ b]vfO/x]sf, gfËf] z/L/df d'08dfnf cyjf skfn o1f]kljt cyjf d'08dfnfsf hg]p nufO/fv]sf, 3fF6Ldf ;k{ a]/]sf, rf/xftdf xltof/x¿ kf;, lqz'n, 8d? / skfn kfq lnPsf, cfuf]sf] d':nf]´}+ aln/x]sf] Hjfnfs]z ePsf, s8f nufPsf, af3 cyjf xfQLsf] 5fnfsf] a:q nufPsf b]vfPsf x'G5g\ .

e}/jsf] d'Vo jfxg a]tfn cyjf zj xf] t/ ljleGg e}/jx¿sf ljleGg jfxgx¿ eP tfklg s's'/nfO{ e}/jsf] k|d'v jfxgsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . e}/j wdf{Tdf / c;n dflg;sf] nflu /Ifs / a/bfg lbg] b]jtf x'g\ eg] kfkL / v/fa JolQmsf] ;+xf/ ug]{ ;+xf/stf{ klg xf] . e}/jn] of] a|Xdf08df ePsf] :yj/, hËd, rn, crn h'g;'s} ¿k klg wf/0f ug{ ;S5 egL …;t?b|LoÚ df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . kljq zx/x¿ jf/f0f;L -agf/;_ k|ofu / g]kfn d08n e}/jn] /Iff u/]sf zx/x¿ x'g\ . g]kfn–d08nsf sflGtk'/ zx/nfO{ e}/jsf] d'Vo cfo'w v8\usf] cfsf/df a;fOPsf] lyof] . k|frLg sfnb]lv g} sflGtk'/ zx/nfO{ ljleGg e}/jx¿n] /IFf ul//x]sf] 5 . tL dWo] ;a}eGbf k|d'v, k|l;4 / k|frLg rflxF krnLe}/jnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 . sflGtk'/nfO{ /Iff ul//xg] ;f]¥x e}/j / kL7sf] gfd tLy{nfn gM3 egLn] o;/L lbPsf 5g\ . c;+ en" -c;gaf6 Gx}stnf hfg] af6f]df_, lsl; en" -c;gaf6 tIf]afxn hfg] 7fpFdf t/ xfn gb]lvPsf]_, n'r'en", -s]n6f]ndf_, j+3en" -OGb|rf]sdf_, dv+ en" -dvgaf6 gofF ;8s gl:sg] uNnLdf_, ob' en" -sfi7d08k cufl8_, Kofkmn en" -Kofkmn hf]zL cfFud 3/ ;Fu}_, åsfbM en" -9f]sf6f]ndf, xfn gePsf]_, otvf en", g]t en" -g/b]jLdf_, s'nf+ en" -/QmsfnLdf_, Ovf en" -5qkf6Ldf xfn gb]lvPsf]_, Sjfå+ en", 7Flx6L en" -7Flx6Laf6 Sjfaxfn hfg] af6f]df_, Hofyf en" -Hof7f 6f]ndf_ / Tof}8 en" -Tof}8 6f]ndf_ . o;/L g} ;'/]Gb| >]i7 / anb]jh'h'n] cfˆgf] k':ts …sflGtk'/Údf pkTosfleq 6f]n 6f]ndf klg If]q kfnsf] ¿kdf e}/jsf zLnf d"lt{x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ / tL log} x'g] egL pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . c;+ e]n" -c;g6f]ndf_ n'r' e]n' -s]n6f]ndf_, chf e]n' -OGb|rf]sdf_, n°f e]n' -lsnfun 6f]ndf_, ª]t e]n' -g/b]jLdf_, sf]0ff e]n' -s'nfod/L 6f]ndf_, le+e]n' -Hof7fdf_ / ;F e]n' -sf]gf6f]ndf_ 5g\ egL pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn efiffdf e}/jnfO{ e]n', en', e}/fBM cflb eGg] rng 5 .

g]kfn–d08nleq If]qkfnsf] ¿kdf e}/jn] 3/, cfFug, 6f]n, a:tL, ufpF, zx/ / b]znfO{ g} /Iff ul//x]sf 5g\ . sflGtk'/df h:t} nlntk'/ zx/sf] leqL / aflx/L b'j} efunfO{ cf7÷cf7 e}/jx¿n] /Iff ul//x]5 . tL dWo] d'VorflxF nugv]nsf] j6's e}/j xf] . eQmk'/ zx/nfO{ t e}/jsf] gu/ g} dflgG5 . ToxfF 6f]n, 6f]ndf e}/j la/fhdfg 5g\ . pkTosfleq ;a}eGbf eJo / /fd|f] e}/j dlGb/ eQmk'/df g} 5 . elgG5 eQmk'/sf] /Ifs / IF]qkfnsf] ¿kdf cf7 ljleGg e}/jx¿ d08nfsf/df a;L zx/sf] /Iff ul//x]sf 5g\ . eQmk'/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] hfqf klg e}/jsf] /yhfqf g} xf] .

g]kfn–d08nleq /Ifs / If]qkfnsf] ¿kdf e}/jsf] ;fy;fy} ci6dft[sf b]jLx¿nfO{ klg lnOG5 . pkTosfaf;Lx¿ e}/jnfO{ cfh', chf eGb5g\ eg] dft[sf b]jLx¿nfO{ clhdf egL k'sfb{5g\ . cfh', chf eg] afh], a/fh' cyf{t\ k'vf{ xf] eg] clhdf eg]sf] aHo}, a"9L aHo} xf] . ci6dft[sf b]jLx¿;Fu ci6 e}/jx¿sf] ;DaGw o;/L ul/G5– clztfË e}/jsf] zlQm a|Xdfo0fL, ?? e}/jsf] dfx]Zj/L, r08 e}/jsf] sf}df/L, qmf]w e}/jsf] j}i0fjL -eb|sfnL_, pGdQm e}/jsf] af/fxL, skfn e}/jsf] OGb|fo0fL, eLif0f e}/jsf] dxfsfnL -rfd'08f_ / ;+xf/ e}/jsf] dxfnIdL x'g\ .

e}/j dxfsfn xf] eg] pgsf] zlQm sfnL x'g\ . e}/j k|f0f xf] pgn] hLjgsf] k|ltlglwTj u5{ . …pkdGo"s[t:qf]qÚ cg';f/ e}/jn] dflg; cyjf k|f0fLnfO{ hGd / d[To'sf] aGwgaf6 d'lQm k|bfg ub{5 . e}/jnfO{ …>L gfyÚ klg eGb5 lsgeg] pgL >L b]jL cyf{t\ l;l4nIdL b]jLsL zlQm x'g\ . To;}n] eQmk'/sf] la:s]6 hfqfdf e}/jsf] /y l;l4nIdLsf] k|l;4 kfFrtn] dlGb/ cufl8af6 tfGg] dfq xf]Og ToxL b]jLsf] cufl8 Tof] jif{ e}/jnfO{ zx/sf] s'g lbzfdf n}hfg] egL tfgftfg klg ul/G5 . To;/L g} OGb|rf]ssf] cfsfz e}/jsf] zlQm s'df/L ePsf] x'gfn] s'df/Lsf] /y ofqfsf] ;dodf cfsfz e}/j -r08 e}/j_ / s'df/Lsf] e]6 u/fpg cfsfz e}/jnfO{ dlGb/ aflx/ NofO{ dlGb/g'df 5fk|f]df cf7 lbg /flvG5 / h'g, h'g lbg s'df/Lsf] /yofqf cfsfz e}/jsf] cufl8af6 x'Fb} hfG5 tL lbgx¿df e}/j / s'df/Lsf] km"n k|;fb ;f6\g] / v'zLofnLdf hgtfnfO{ ;doahL -df;' lrp/f cflb_ / hfF8 afF8\g] rng 5 .

Oltxf;sf] ;'?b]lv g} g]kfn d08ndf wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnLx¿sf] of] Pp6f 7"nf] u'0f / ljz]iftf klg xf] . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / PstfnfO{ cIf'00f /fvL arfO/fVg] of] Pp6f sf/stTj klg xf] . g]kfndf wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfnfO{ hLjGt /fVg] / k|]l/t ul//fVg] b]jtfx¿dWo] e}/j klg d'Vo x'g\ . e}/j klg Pp6f o:tf] b]jtf xf] h;nfO{ lxGb'x¿ lzjsf] pu|¿k dfgL k'Hb5g\ eg] af}4dfuL{x¿ e}/jnfO{ cIff]Do a'4sf ;Gtfg jf ;d"xleqsf] b]jtf dfGb5g\ . To;}n] lz/df cIff]Do a'4 wf/0f u/]sf e}/jx¿ klg pkTosfleq k|;:t} b]lvG5g\ . OGb|rf]ssf] cfsfz e}/jsf] lz/df klg cIff]Do a'4sf] d"lt{ 5 . g]kfnsf af}4dfuL{x¿ e}/jnfO{ dxfsfn e}/j, ah|e}/j / ltAatL ah|sLn e}/jsf] ¿kdf dfGb5g\ .

g]kfndf e}/jnfO{ /fHozlQmsf] d"n;|f]tsf] ¿kdf klg dfGb} cfO/x]sf] kfOG5 . Toltdfq xf]Og g]kfnsf s]xL k|frLg zlQmzfnL /fhfx¿nfO{ e}/jsf] ¿k dfgL k'Hg] k/Dk/f klg 5 . h:t} km/lkËsf /fhf krnL l;+x 7fs'/nfO{ krnL e}/jsf] ¿kdf / ls/fFt /fhf onDa/nfO{ OGb|rf]ssf] cfsfz e}/jsf] ¿kdf cfh;Dd klg k'Hb} cfPsf 5g\ . /fhfnfO{ Gofok|]dL, ljj]sL / c;n zf;s agL /fHo ;~rfng ug{ e}/jn] cfˆgf] zlQmsf] k|tLs :j¿k /x]sf] v8\u l;l4 k|bfg ug]{ k|rng oBlk 5Fb}5 . k|To]s af¥x jif{df krnL e}/jsf] u0f g[Tosf] cfof]hgf ul/G5 . ;f] jif{ cflZjg z'Sn bzdL cyf{t\ ljhof bzdLsf] /flt sfi7d08k cufl8 e"t]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] d08kdf zflGt, :jl:t, sLlt{, pGglt, a[lt, kf]l:t, ctL{, k|Llt cflb zlQm k|fKt x'g] sfo{ egL zf:qf]Qm syg / ljlwcg';f/ krnL e}/j g[Tosf] e}/jn] wf/0f u/L /fv]sf] v8\u;Fu >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/af6 afx'nLdf lnO{ /flvaS;]sf] v8\u;Fu ;f6km]/ u/L aS;]/ krnL e}/jaf6 b]z / hgtfsf] sNof0fsf] nflu v8\u l;l4k|fKt ug]{ rng 5 .

xfd|f] b]z g]kfn tGqk|wfg b]z xf] . Oltxf;sf] ;'?cftb]lv g} oxfF zfSt ;Dk|bfosf] k|efj lyof] . oxfFsf dflg;x¿n] dft[sf u0f / e}/jnfO{ ;w}+ /Ifs / If]qkfnsf ¿kdf dfGb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;'?;'?df e}/jnfO{ zLnfsf] ¿kdf dfq k'Hg] ub{Yof] . sfnfGt/df 7fpF–7fpFdf e}/jsf] k|:t/df, 9nf}6df d"lt{x¿ agfO{ k"hfcfhf ug]{ rng rNg yfNof] . k|l;4snf Oltxf;sf/ k|tfk cflbTo kfnsf] egfOcg';f/ g]kfnsf 9nf}6sf e}/jd"lt{x¿dWo] cfh;Dd yfxf kfOPsf ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] bzf}+ ztfAbLsf] Pp6f d"lt{ Go'of]{s, cd]l/sfsf] 8f]l/; a]g/ Uofn/Ldf 5 . g]kfnLx¿ e}/jnfO{ ljleGg ¿kdf k'Hg] ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿n] cfkm"n] k|of]u ug]{ s'g} klg xltof/, cf}hf/, oGq cflb ;a}nfO{ e}/j dfgL k"hf ub{5g\ . s'g} klg dxTjk"0f{ 3/, :df/s, d7, dlGb/x¿sf] d"n9f]sfdf e}/jsf] k|tLs v8\u / tLgg]q n]vfpg] rng 5 . 3/df s'g} 7"nf] k"hfcfhf, kj{, ef]het]/ eof] eg] d"n9f]sf cufl8 uf]a/ df6f]n] lnlk e}/jnfO{ ;D´L k"hf ug]{ ul/G5 . oxfF;DdsL e}/j xfd|f] 3/af/Ldf, v]tdf, d;fg3f6x¿df, ;8s, uNnLx¿df, /y, ;jf/L ;fwgsf kfª\u|fx¿df al;/x]sf kfOG5 . jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] hxfF g]kfnL x'G5 ToxfF s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf e}/jsf] pkl:ylt x'G5 rfx] Tof] zLnfsf] ¿kdf xf];\ ofd"lt{sf] ¿kdf jf cGo s'g} j:t'x¿df ltgLx¿sf] dgf]efjgfdf . t;y{ g]kfndf e}/j dfgj¿kdf, hgfj/sf] ¿kdf, lxdfnosf] ¿kdf, s'08sf] ¿kdf, oGqsf] ¿kdf, cf}hf/sf] ¿kdf, efF8fs'F8fsf] ¿kdf, zLnfsf] ¿kdf d"lt{sf] ¿kdf ;a} k|sf/sf ¿kx¿df b]lvG5g\ . ;DkGgtf / axfb'/Lsf] b]jtf k~rkf08jdWo] Ps kf08j eLd;]gnfO{ klg g]kfnLx¿ e}/jsf] ¿kdf k'Hb5g\ . k~rdsf/ r9fO{ tflGqs ljlwljwfgcg';f/ logsf] k"hfcfhf ul/G5 . aln lng] of] b]jtfsf] k'hf/Ldf w]/}h;f] Hofk" ;d'bfosf kl/jf/ x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . …d]?GqÚ gfds u|Gydf g]kfnnfO{ jfdfrf/ kL7 / nfvf}+ e}/j–e}/jL ePsf] b]z elgPsf] 5 .

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