Madhuparka 8 (Nepal)

;ª\u|x0fLo u|Gy

v8\udfg dNn g]kfn cfdfsf Pp6f To:tf ;Gtfg x'g\ hf] hLjgsf] pmhf{ /xFbf;Dd s'g} g s'g} lgsfodf /x]/ d'n'ssf] ;]jf ug]{ sfo{df ;dlk{t /lx/x] . ax' cfoflds JolQmsf wgL dNnn] hLjgsf rf}/f;L j;Gt kf/ u/L o; ;+;f/af6 labf lnPsf x'g\ . pgn] ´G8} ^ bzs;Dd d'n'ssf] ;]jf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . log} >4]o JolQmTjsf] låtLo jflif{s k'0oltlysf] ;Gbe{ kf/]/ …v8\uk|f0f ;f+:s[lts u'7LÚn] …v8\udfg dNn :d[lt u|GyÚ k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 .

o; u|Gydf v8\udfg dNnnfO{ g} k|d'vtM ljifoj:t'sf] ;"q agfP/ n]lvPsf pgfG;Q/Lj6f hLjgLd"ns n]v–lgaGw / ;+:d/0fx¿sf] ;dlGjlt 5 . oL ;fdu|Lx¿dWo] krkGgj6f g]kfnL efiffdf, ;qj6f cfËn efiffdf / ;ftj6f g]jf/L efiffdf n]lvPsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf ljlzi6 / jl/i7 slj ;flxTosf/x¿sf n]v–/rgfx¿sf] ax'ntf 5 o; u|Gydf . cRo't/d0f clwsf/L, sdn bLlIft, 8f= s'df/axfb'/ hf]zL, 8f= ufuL{ zdf{, sjloqL uf]df, 36/fh e§/fO{, 8f= r"8fdl0f aGw', 8f= r]taxfb'/ s'Fj/, hgsnfn zdf{, 6's/fh ld>, t]h]Zj/afa' Uj+u, 8f= :jfdL k|kGgfrfo{, sljj/ dfwj l3ld/], 8f= df]xglxdf+z' yfkf, /df zdf{, 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, jf;'b]j zdf{ n'O{+6]n, ljgf]bk|;fb lwtfn, lzjuf]kfn l/;fn, lzj /]UdL, ;Todf]xg hf]zL, dfwjnfn sdf{rfo{, j}s'07k|;fb nfsf}n nufotsf Vofltk|fKt ;flxlTos Pjd\ k|fl1s JolQmTjx¿sf n]v–/rgflbn] o; u|Gysf] ul/dfnfO{ lgs} a9fPsf 5g\ .

k|:t't u|Gydf ;'bL3{ ;]jfsf] k[i7e"lddf s[lt gfos v8\udfg dNnsf] ax'cfoflds JolQmTj phfu/ ug]{ ;sn kIfx¿ s]xL n3'tfdf / s]xL Jofkstfdf pb\3fl6t ePsf 5g\ . Pp6} v8udfg slxn] xflsd df:6/ eP/ g]kfnL efiff k|sflzgL ;ldltsf] u'?Q/ bfloTj axg u/]sf b]lvG5g\ t slxn] k|fWofks eP/ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ;d]t ;]jfdf ;dlk{t ePsf kfOG5g\ . pg} v8\udfg slxn] k|f1 eP/ g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ;b:o ;lrjh:tf] ul/dfdo kb ;DxfNg k'Ub5g\ t slxn] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:oh:tf] pRr / ;Ddflgt kbdf dgf]gLt x'G5g\ . o;/L o'jfj:yfb]lv ´08} c7xQ/ jif{sf] jfw{So;Dd cys ¿kdf ;]jf u/]/ dft[e"ldsf] C0f ltg{ ;Ifd dNn cfw'lgs g]kfnL ;flxTosf Ps pNn]Vo ;|i6f JolQmTj klg x'g\ .

ax'd'vL JolQmTjsf wgL v8\udfg dNnsf rl/q, Jojxf/, k|j[lQ, k|s[lt, lrGtg / ultljlwaf/] oy]i6 dfqfdf hfgsf/L kfpgsf nflu xf];\ jf pgsf ljifodf zf]w cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;Gbe{df xf];\, k|:t't u|Gy lgs} pkof]uL / ;xof]uL l;4 x'g] b]lvG5 . o; cGtu{t ;ª\u[xLt n]v–;+:d/0fflbsf k|foM ;a} n]vsx¿ v8\udfg dNn;Fu s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf kl/lrt ePsf, ;Dks{df k'u]sf / ;Ët ug]{ ;f}efUo kfPsf JolQmljz]if g} 5g\ . k|:t't u|Gy k7gLo / ;ª\u|x0f of]Uo x'gfsf ;fy} v8\udfg;Fu ;DalGwt kmf]6f]x¿ / pgn] k|fKt u/]sf k'/:sf/–;Ddfg cflbsf k|df0f–kqx¿sf] ;dfljli6n] c´ o;sf] dxTj a9fPsf 5g\ .

k':ts– v8\udfg dNn :d[lt u|Gy . ;Dkfbs– 8f= df]xglxdf+z' yfkf, 8f= hgsnfn j}B, >L /df zdf{ . k|sfzs– v8\uk|f0f :df/s ;f+:s[lts u'7L . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%^ kmfu'g . d"No– pNn]v gePsf] . k[i7 ;+Vof– @#$±^% .

– 3gZofd …kl/>dLÚ

***

b]z b'Vbfsf] efjgf

/If /fO{ g]kfnL sljtfsf] If]qdf Tolt ;'lg/x]sf] gfd kSs} xf]Og . t/ pgsf l;h{gfx¿n] eg] /fO{nfO{ :yflkt sljsf] ¿kdf dfGotf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . ;dfnf]rs 8f= tf/fgfy zdf{s} egfOdf, æof] cfF;'sf cfsif{s dfnf ufF:g] cjsfz k|fKt nfx'/]sf kxf8] l5d]sLsf] pb\uf/ dfq xf] . of] cfdfsf] ;kgf etfe'Ë ePsf] b]v]/ 7"nlbbLn] ;u/dfyf s'Nr]/ klg s';dod} b]xTofu ug'{k/]sf] b]v]/ / ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ t xs]{bfOn] x/df; clgsfn kfn]/ ljjztf dfq x'sf{Psf] b]v]/ d'6'b]lv g} eSsfgf] 5'6fpg] kl/kSj o'jssf] /rgfsfl/tfk|ltsf] pTs07f dfq xf], pT;'stf dfq xf], ;xfg'efj dfq xf] .Æ

ljb]zL ;]gfdf etL{ eP/ cfˆgf /x/nfUbf / nf]enfUbf hjfgLsf lbgx¿ latfPsf /If /fO{n] :jb]zk|ltsf] jkmfbfl/tf sljtfdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . n8fOFsf] d}bfgdf hfFbf xf]; of Aof/]sdf a:bfsf] If0f xf];\ /fO{n] x/kn cfˆgf] kl/jf/, ;fyLefO 5/l5d]s ;lD´/x]sf 5g\ . 8fF8fkfvf jg rf}tf/Ldf latfPsf ;do / 7§f ub}{ lx+8]sf If0fx¿ af/Daf/ ;lD´/x]sf 5g\ . :jb]zsf] of] ;D´fOn] ljb]zdf pgL 56k6fO/x]sf 5g\ . :jb]zsf] dfof eg]sf] ljb]lzPkl5 dfq yfxf x'G5 eGg] h'g;"lQm /If /fO{df k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . ;+;f/df jL/ uf]vf{nL eg]/ lrlgPsf] cfˆg} dft[e"lddf dfg]eGHofª / sfnfkfgLdfly anfTsf/ x'Fbf sljsf] x[bo kL8fn] l5of l5of ePsf] 5 . pgn] dft[e"ldk|ltsf] ddtfnfO{ a8f] :g]xk"j{s k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

zf]lift / kLl8t hgtfn] sxL+ uP/ klg Gofo gkfpg] s'/fn] sljsf] x[bo b'Mlvt 5 . s'g} ;a't / k|df0f ljgf klg /fx' rn]sf] a]nf ;fx"n] C0f nu]sf] eGg] / Gofosf] 7]s]bf/–GofofwLz klg e|i6frf/sf] a8fxflsd ag]sf] / jlsnn] 3"; vfPsf] b]Vbf clg Gofo gkfPsf] b]Vbf sljdf Pp6f 7"nf] ljb|f]xsf] cfFwL rN5 .

k':ts– b]z b'v]sf] 5 -sljtf ;ª\u|x_ . slj– /If /fO{ . k|sflzsf – gfgf rflDnª …;l/tfÚ ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%^, sflQs . d"No – ?= < . k[i7– !#±!$&

– lji0f' l3ld/] …uugÚ

***

cfˆg}kgsf syfx¿

kl5Nnf] k':tfsf] syfdf ;dlk{t yf]/} ;flxTosf/dWo] bLgaGw' zdf{ Ps x'g\ . @)%! ;fnb]lv dfq syf k|sfzg ug{ yfn] klg ;ft jif{sf] cGt/fndf pgL cfˆgf] b'O{ 5fk / df}lnstf 5f]8\g ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . To;sf] ;fIfLsf] ¿kdf v8f ePsf] 5 pgsf] k|yd syf ;ª\u|x …;kgf / v08x/x¿Ú .

bLgaGw'n] h'g ;dob]lv syf n]Vg yfn], To;df lg/Gt/tf lbP . ;ft jif{sf] ;dofjlwdf pgsf syfx¿ x/]s ;flxlTos / rNtLsf :t/Lo kqklqsfdf 5flkPsf 5g\ . ;ª\u|xdf ;d]l6Psf syfx¿ klg clwsf+z k|sflzt / Psfw dfq gofF 5g\ . …;kgf / v08x/x¿sf syfn] hghLjgsf x/]s kIfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]sf 5g\ .

u|fdL0f / zxl/of kl/j]zsf] lrq0f pgsf aL; j6f syfdf ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf ePsf 5g\ . tL kl/j]zdf ;fgfltgf b[ZofjnL, kl/36gf / hgaf]nLnfO{ pgn] ;fGble{s ¿kdf 6kSs} l6k]sf 5g\ .

pgsf k|foM syfn] klg ;fdflhs–kfl/jfl/s ljifonfO{ s]Gb| laGb' agfPsf 5g\ / clwsf+z :qL–k'?if ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . ;ª\u|xsf ´08} cfwfh;f] syfx¿n] k|]d, of}g / bfDkTo hLjgnfO{ ljifoj:t' agfPsf 5g\ . s]xL syf /fhgLlts ljs[lt / ;fdflhs cf8Da/ phfu/ ug{;d]t tNnLg b]lvG5g\ .

x'g t bLgaGw'n] cfˆgf syfx¿df af]nLrfnLsf 7]6 zAbx¿ g} k|of]u ug{ ?rfPsf 5g\ t/ olt eOsg klg eflifs ;+/rgfut txdf pgsf s]xL syfx¿ hl6n klg b]lvG5g\ . To:tf syfx¿ j0f{g / ljZn]if0feGbf ;f°]lts k|efj 5f]8\g ;kmn 5g\ .

k':ts– ;kgf / v08x/x¿ -syf;ª\u|x_ . syfsf/– bLgaGw' zdf{ . k|sfzs– /fdxl/ kf}8\ofn, e/tk'/, lrtjg . ;+:s/0f– k|yd < d"No– ?= < . k[i7 – !@±!)@

– Jofs'n kf7s

***

?;df g]kfnsf] lrgf/L

?;df g]kfnsf] 5lj s[i0fk|sfz >]i7åf/f lnlvt vf]hk"0f{ u|Gy xf] . o; s[ltdfkm{t\ n]vsn] ?;df g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo, snf ;+:s[lt, s[lif, cy{Joj:yf, :jf:Yo, hghLjg cflbsf] k|f/De, ljsf; / lj:tf/af/] uxlsnf] clen]v k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . !& cf}+ cWofodf j0f{g ul/Psf] s[ltn] @$) eGbf a9L k[i7 cf]u6]sf] 5 . tYok"0f{ k|:t'lt / kl/rrf{ Pjd\ g]kfnsf z'elrGts ?;L ljåfg\x¿sf] tl:a/;d]t /x]sf] o; s[ltn] g]kfnsf] df}lns 5ljnfO{ ?;df kl/lrt u/fpg klxn]b]lv clxn];Dd v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] lnlka4 l;nl;nf k|z+;gLo dfGg'k5{ .

?;df g]kfnljBfsf] >Lu0f]z k|yd ?;L g]kfnljb\ Oefg kfEnf]ler ldgfo]en] O{=;+= !*&% df u/]sf]g]kfn ofqfkl5 k|f/De x'G5 . n]vs s[i0fk|sfzn] klxnf] cWofo o;} k|;Ëaf6 yfngL u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnofqfsf af/] Oefgn] g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns :j¿k, hLjgz}nL nufot ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, wd{ / k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] j0f{g u/]sf lyP . To:t} c¿ cWofox¿df g]kfnaf/] klxnf] ?;L k':ts / To;sf n]vs lbldqLsf] lrgf/L, kqklqsfdf g]kfn;DaGwL /rgf, hghfltsf] j0f{g, g]kfnL / lxdfnL efiffsf cWo]tf, g]kfnL / g]jf/L Jofs/0f u|Gy, g]kfnL af]Ng] klxnf] /l;ofnL cflbsf] rrf{ klg pknlAwd"ns 5 .

o;}u/L k|:t't k':tsdf g]kfnsf] cy{Joj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f, wfld{s k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhsf] vf]hk"0f{ cWoog ?;df slxn]b]lv s;/L x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 eGg] ljifodf klg rrf{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . To:t} …;flxTonf]sdf ljr/0fÚ zLif{ssf] cWofodf g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Oltxf;, ljsf;qmd, g]jf/L ;flxTosf] cWoog ;d]l6Psf] 5 . g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTosf] ?;L efiffdf cg'jfb, g]kfnL snf / cg';Gwfgsf] j0f{gnufot ?;L snfdf g]kfnsf] lrq0f cflbn] klg ?;df g]kfnsf] 5ljnfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] k'li6 o; k':tsn] u/]sf] 5 .

jf:tjdf ?;df g]kfn / g]kfnLsf ;DaGwdf k|z:t cWoog, cg';Gwfg, k|sfzg, cg'jfb cflb ePsf] /x]5 . …?;df g]kfnsf] 5ljÚn] o;sf] k'li6 ub}{ g]kfn–?; ;DaGwsf] ulx/f] / c6'6 k/Dk/fnfO{ :yfloTj k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

k':ts– ?;df g]kfnsf] 5lj . n]vs–s[i0fk|sfz >]i7 . k|sfzs– lxdfn k|sfzg u'7L df:sf] . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%^ . d"No– ?= !&%.– k[i7– !*±@$)

– 1fg]Gb| ljjz

***

n's]sf] ;+:s[lt lrgfpg] k|of;

df]km;ndf /x]/ klg ;flxTo ;]jfdf ;fwgf/t slj tyf lgaGwsf/ ljZjk|]d clwsf/Lsf] xfn dfq …cfFwLvf]n] nf]s;+:s[lt / nf]suLtÚ . …d]/L 5f]/LÚ
-@)$(_, …aGbLsf] dgl:yltÚ -@)%@_, …;ª\sNkÚ -@)%%_ h:tf s[ltx¿dfkm{t clwsf/L klZrdfGrn If]qdf Ps ljlzi6 klxrfg agfpg ;kmn eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df k|:t't gofF s[lt ;+:s[ltk|]dLx¿sf nflu yk hfgsf/Ld"ns eP/ b]vfk/]sf] 5 .

…cfFwLvf]n] nf]s;+:s[lt / nf]suLtÚ sf] p2]Zo g]kfnsf ljleGg hghflt / tL :yfgx¿df k|rlnt ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+a4{g ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf k|frLgtddWo]sf] Ps ;+:s[lt–cfFwLvf]n] ;+:s[ltsf] af/]df Tolt w]/} uj]if0f, n]vg gePsf] kl/l:yltdf o; s[ltsf] dxTj pRr /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;} ;Gbe{df n]vssf] g]kfnL ;+:s[lt / nf]sk/Dk/fsf af/]df snd rnfpg] ljlzi6 ljåfg\x¿dWo] w]/}h;f] cfFwLvf]nfsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df 3'd]sf] / a6'n]sf] cgejsf] lgofqf;Dd klg Tolt k9\g kfOFb}g eGg] u'gf;f] k|:t't k':tsdf k9\g kfOG5 . o; s[ltn] klZrd g]kfnsf ljljw /f]rs ;f+:s[lts kIfx¿nfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . d'VotM cfFwLvf]n] ;+:s[lt, nf]suLt, ufosx¿, cfFwLvf]n] nf]sk/Dk/fdf /Tof}nL pT;j, afn hut\, nf]sf]lQm / k|of]ux¿ / ljleGg /fli6«o kj{x¿nfO{ dgfOg] cfFwLvf]n] 5'§} tl/sfx¿sf] kl/ro, JofVof / ljZn]if0f o; s[ltsf ljifoj:t' x'g k'u]sf 5g\ .

ko{6gsf] dxTj ;jf{lws ePsf] k|;Ëdf n]vsn] pQm If]qsf s]xL ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] klg kl/ro lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} s}of}+ P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldnfO{ -h:tf] zfxj+zLo /fhsf] k|fUe"ldM :ofª\hf_ jt{dfgsf ;fdflhs kl/j]zdf hf]8]/ n]vsn] o; s[ltnfO{ ;ª\u|x0fLo agfPsf 5g\ . clxn] /fli6«o ¿kd} nf]slk|o sltko nf]suLtx¿sf] k[i7e"ld cfFwLvf]nf If]q ePsf] s'/f klg o; s[ltdf y'k|} pbfx/0fsf ;fy pNn]v 5 .

cfFwLvf]n] ;+:s[lt sfnL / ;]tL u08sLsf aLrsf] …zflnu|fdÚ If]qsf] ;+:s[lt xf] . o;sf y'k|} s'/fx¿df yk cg';Gwfg cWoog x'g' afFsL t 5 g}, o; cy{df ljZjk|]d clwsf/Lsf] o; s[ltnfO{ Ps ;'vb ;'?cftsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .

k':ts– cfFwLvf]n] nf]s;+:s[lt / nf]suLt . n]vs– ljZjk|]d clwsf/L . k|sfzs– ljhos'df/ clwsf/L, k'tnLahf/ :ofª\hf . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%& ebf} !# df]tL hoGtL . d"No– ?= %).– . k[i7– !$±()

– lji0f' ;fksf]6f

***

ctLtnfO{ ;D´fpg] u|Gy

zlz e08f/Lsf] …;D´gfsf t/]nLÚ leq pgsf] hLjgsf k|ftsfnb]lv xfn;Ddsf ;fgf7"nf u/L ljljw 36gfqmdx¿nfO{ yfngLb]lv PsrfnL;f}+ r/0fx'Fb} la;fpgLdf k'¥ofP/ 6'ª\UofOPsf] 5 . …;D´gfsf t/]nLÚnfO{ Pp6f nfdf] Oltxf;sf ljleGg sfnv08x¿sf] l;Ëf] b:tfj]h dfGg ;lsG5 . of] ;+:d/0f s[ltdf sf7df8f}+sf] Pp6f e08f/L kl/jf/sf] Oltj[QfGt, Pp6f ;fËLlts ;d"xsf] ultljlw, g]kfnL uLt–;ËLt / ufogsf] hfgsf/L dfq geP/ Pp6f kl/jf/sf] …hLjguf8fÚ u'8]sf] k|To]s r/0fsf lnsx¿sf] hfgsf/L cWo]tfx¿n] kfpFb5g\ . Pp6f e08f/L kl/jf/sf !( cf}+ ;GtfgdWo]sf Pshgf ;+:d/0fsf/ zlz e08f/Lsf af/]df yfxf gkfpg]x¿sf nflu …;D´gfsf t/]nLÚ hfgsf/Ld"ns s[lt ePsf] 5 eg] hf] ;dsfnLgx¿ eP/ klg pgnfO{ lal;{Psf lyP, pgLx¿sf nflu rf:gLsf] sfd ug]{5 .

lj=;+= @))$ ;fndf hlGdPsf zlz e08f/Ln] lj=;+= @)!^ ;fndf k|j]lzsf k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]/ SofDk; k9\g yfn]sf] k|;Ë of] s[ltsf] cWoog ug]{x¿sf nflu k|]/0ff;|f]t aGg ;Sb5 . lj=;+= @))* ;fnlt/} /]l8of] g]kfndf l5/]sf] Pp6f k|ltefzfnL afnsn] lj=;+= @)!# ;fndf /fhf dx]Gb|sf] z'e/fHofleif]sdf /fhfaf6 uLt dgk/fP/ lbPsf] …d6{g rsn]6Ú vfP/ d'v ld7\ofPsf] k9\bf cWo]tfx¿sf] klg kSs} d'v /;fpF5 . ufO{sf] b"w b'w]/f]df b'x'Fbf lgl:sg] cfjfhdf ;ËLt e]6\g], k/fn / gnsf 7'6fx¿df lxF8\bf lgl:sg] cfjfhdf ;ËLt e]6\g] zlz kl5 …n]sfnLÚ ;d"xdf cfa4 eP/ uLt n]vg / ufogdf ;lqmo x'g'nfO{ gf}nf] dfGg ;lsFb}g . t/, n]sfnL ;d"xsf ultljlwx¿ xfn cfP/ cf]´]ndf kl//x]sf] cj:yfdf of] s[ltn] pbfË kfg]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 .

…;D´gfsf t/]nLÚ sf ljleGg r/0fx¿df /]l8of] g]kfnsf] Oltxf; sf]l/Psf] 5 . k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] Oltxf; n]lvPsf] 5, gfr3/ / /Tg/]sl8{ªh:tf ;+:yfx¿sf] Oltxf; ;d]l6Psf] 5 / uLt, ;ËLt / ufogsf If]qdf nfu]/ cf–cfˆgf] ;dodf Voflt sdfpg ;kmn ePsfx¿sf] Oltj[QfGt ;d]l6Psf] 5 . gfltsfhL, gf/fo0fuf]kfn, aRr's}nfz, /Tgzdz]/, ls/0f v/]n, r]tg sfsL{, uf]kfn of]~hg, k|sfz >]i7, k'ik g]kfnL, ?la hf]zL, kGgfsfhL, kmQ]dfg, s'df/ a:g]t, uËf /f0ff, dL/f /f0ff, eQm/fh cfrfo{, tf/fb]jL kf08j ;'g'jf/, gu]Gb| yfkf, e"lk z]/rg, cDa/ u'?Ë, c?0ff nfdf cflbn] n]v]sf / ufPsf cyjf ;ËLta4 u/]sf uLtx¿sf af]nx¿;d]tnfO{ …t/]nLÚleq ;d]6]/ zlzn] k':tsnfO{ /f]rs agfPsf 5g\ . pgn] sljtf ljwfsf rlr{t JolQmx¿sf sljtfnfO{ klg cfˆgf] k':tsdf c6fPsf 5g\ . rlr{t JolQmTjx¿sf ljljw k|;Ëx¿n] of] ;+:d/0fnfO{ cf]lhnf] agfPsf 5g\ .

g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;j{dfGo g]tf u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] 3/ klxn] /~hgf l;g]df xng]/ lyof] eGg] s'/f w]/}nfO{ yfxf gx'g ;S5 . . lj=;+= @)!% ;fnlt/ gf6s d~rgsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ 8f= la= ;L= dNnn] sf7sf d"9f af]s]sf] k|;Ë k9\bf cjZo klg /dfOnf] nfU5 . g]kfnsf] klxnf] k|x;gsf/ s]zj dfgGw/ eGg] klg w]/}nfO{ hfgsf/L gePsf] x'g;S5 . lj=;+= @)@^ ;fndf /fhf dx]Gb|nfO{ kfs{/k]gsf] pTkfbs sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 klxnf] pTkfbgsf] …kfs{/k]gÚ r9fpg] JolQm zlz e08f/Ln] sf7df8f}+sf ljleGg l;g]dfxnx¿sf] Oltxf;nfO{ klg ;+:d/0fdf ;d]6\g EofPsf 5g\ .

zlz e08f/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ egL la´fpg]x¿sf egfOx¿ klg h:tfsf] t:t} /flvlbP/ k':tsnfO{ ´g\ /f]rs agfPsf 5g\ . /]l8of] g]kfnsf tTsfnLg 8fO/]S6/ pQdnfn >]i7n] …cfkm"n] rfx] s's'/nfO{ klg ufos agfOlbg ;S5'… eg]sf], plbtgf/fo0fn] …g]kfnn] s] lbg;S5 / <Ú eg]sf], cDa/ u'?ªn] bfhL{lnªdf xfdf]{lgod glbPsf] h:tf s'/fx¿n] rf:gLsf] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . e08f/Ln] dg gkg]{nfO{ ufnL u/]sf klg 5g\ / dgkg]{x¿sf] tfl/km ug{ klg kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ .

o; s[ltdf …n]sfnLÚ ;d"xsf u0f]z /l;s, lx/0o ef]hk'/], pld{nf >]i7, OGb|gf/fo0f dfnL / zlz e08f/Lnufotsf JolQmx¿sf] ;fËLlts If]q dfq geP/ hLjgsf /f]df~rs Pjd\ b'Mvb\ If0fx¿sf] klg ljljw k|;Ë k9\g kfOG5 . lj=;+= @)!% ;fndf 6]:6 k/LIffsf] kmd{ eg{ !& ?k}ofF h'6fpg wf}–wf} k/]sf e08f/Ln] lj=;+= @)$) ;fndf o'/f]k e|d0f ug]{qmddf hd{gLdf cTofw'lgs df]8]nsf] uf8L lsg]/ cGt/f{li6«o ;jf/L rfns k|df0fkq lnO{ !)&&% lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/L !( lbg nufP/ ljleGg d'n'sx¿ x'Fb} sf7df8f}+ cfPsf] k9\g kfpFbf cWo]tfx¿ hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg …kl/>dsf] kmn dL7f] x'G5Ú eGg] plQmsf] ;D´gf u/fOlbG5 . bf}+t/L lx/0o ef]hk'/] / cfˆg} 5f]/f5f]/Ln] wGg a]n}df 3R3RofOlbP5g\ zlznfO{ / of] Pp6f sfnv08sf] l;Ëf] Oltxf; k':tssf/sf ¿kdf kf7s;fd' cfpg ;Sof] .

…;D´gfsf t/]nLÚnfO{ ;+:d/0fsf/ e08f/Ln] 5f]6fdL7f jfSox¿sf] u7g u/]/ r':t agfpg]lt/ eGbf klg j0f{gfTds n]vgnfO{ a9L cFufn]sf 5g\ . pgn] s]xL uLt / sljtfx¿nfO{ cfkm"n] cª\u|]hLdf cg'jfb u/]sf]nfO{ k':tsdf g/fVbf klg x'g] lyof] eg] cfˆgf sljtfx¿nfO{ klg hf]8 lbP/ ;+:d/0fdf g/fv]sf] eP ´g\ /fd|f] dflgg ;SYof] . To:t}, pgn] cfˆgf] kfl/jfl/s k|;ËnfO{ ;+:d/0fdf Hofbf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . oltw]/} ;D´gfx¿ ;Fufn]sf n]vsn] To;f] gu/]sf] eP klg x'GYof] . n]vssf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ s]–s:tf] cj:yfdf 5g\, xfn pgn] s]–s:tf] hLjg ef]u]sf 5g\ eGbf klg w]/} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f t ;fj{hlgs hLjg g} xf] . ;fj{hlgs k|;Ëx¿nfO{ a9L dxTj lbP/ kfl/jfl/s 36gfjnLx¿nfO{ k[i7e"lddf dfq /fVbf ´g\ /fd|f] dflgg ;SYof] . k':tssf] lhNbfsf] kl5Nnf]kl§sf] g[TofËgfsf] ck|f;lËs kmf]6f]n] k':tssf] cf]h a9fpg'sf] ;§f cWo]tfx¿nfO{ b'ljwfdf kf/]sf] 5 . en} pQm kmf]6f] ;+:d/0fsf/ e08f/LsL g[TofËgf 5f]/Lsf] xf];\, tfklg o;nfO{ kf7sn] ;lhn} gkrfpg ;S5g\ . h] xf];\ …n]sfnLÚ ;d"xsf] l;Ëf] Oltxf;nfO{ eg] of] s[ltn] pbfË kf/]sf] 5 .

k':ts– ;D´gfsf t/]nL -;+:d/0f u|Gy_ . n]vs– zlz e08f/L . k|sfzs– >LdtL ljhofjbg >]i7 e08f/L, s'df/L dfu{, sf7df8f}+ . ;+:s/0f–k|yd, @)%* j}zfv . d"No– ?= %)).– k[i7 ;ª\Vof– !(%±$)

– t'n;L

***

Pp6f cfjZostf k"lt{

s'Gbg cof{nåf/f lnlvt …g]kfnL k|];df sf6'{gÚ gfds k':ts xfn} ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . !@ kl/R5]bdf ljeflht pQm u|Gydf n]vsn] ljZj kqsfl/tfdf sf6'{glrqsf] k|j]z, g]kfndf o;sf] yfngL, kqsfl/tf hutdf sf6'{gsf] ljsf;qmd, sf6'{gdf Jofj;flostf, sf6'{g k|sfzgsf qmddf ef]Ug k/]sf c;lxi0f'tf cflb ljljw kIfnfO{ ;"Idtfsf ;fy ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ .

ljZjdf kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf;sf] rrf{ ubf{ b'O{ ;o jif{b]lv dfq :yfg kfPsf] sf6'{g lrq jt{dfg kl/j]zdf ckl/xfo{h:tf] ePsf] cg'e"lt k':ts cWoogaf6 af]w x'G5 . …Sofl/s]r/Ú O6flnog zAbaf6 cf/De ePsf] sf6'{g lrqsf] tfutnfO{ O=;+= !&%$ df a]~hfldg k|m]ª\slngsf sf6'{gn] cd]l/sL pklgj]zsf lj?4 lau'n km's]sf] k|;Ëaf6 cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . cfw'lgs sf6'{g snfsf lktf k|mflG;;L snfsf/ xf]g/ 8foldo/n] klqsfdf k|sflzt sf6'{gsf sf/0f h]nsf] d'v b]Vg' k/]sf] rrf{ k':tssf] /f]rs kIf /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df sf6'{g snfsf] k|j]z nueu ;f9] rf/ bzsb]lv dfq ePsf] pNn]v u/] klg k':ts ls6fgsf ;fy cl3 a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . k':tsd} pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;Djt\ !((% lt/ h'4zdz]/sf lj?4 snfsf/ rGb|dfgl;+x df:s]n] sf]g'{ePsf] pbfx/0f;lxtsf] Joª\Uolrq g]kfnL sf6'{g snfsf] hgssf] cledt k|s6 u/] klg @))* ;fn tfs k|sflzt …cfjfhÚ b}lgsdf Joª\Uo sf6'{gx¿ b]Vg kfOG5 eGg] k|;Ë ;f]xL k':tsdf k9\g kfOG5 . To;f] t n]vs ;fKtflxs …;+o'Qm k|of;Ú sf] @)!$ ;fpg % df k|sflzt c°df snfsf/ uf]j4{g zfxsf] Joª\Uolrq ;lxtsf] k|:t't sf6'{gnfO{ g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf;df k|j]z kfPsf] klxnf] Joª\Uolrq xf] eGg klg kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ . o; cy{df s'grflx+ Joª\Uolrqn] Joª\Uolrqsf] Oltxf;df sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sf] xf] eGg] tYo v'6\ofpg kf7s ju{nfO{ xDd] k/]sf] b]lvG5 .

k':tsdf pTs[i6 sf6'{gsf] kf/v ug]{ qmddf e/;s zAbx¿ljgfsf] ;xh cleJoQm ug]{ sf6'{gnfO{ cAan bhf{sf] sf]l6df /flvPsf] 5 . To:t} Ps x]/fOdf a'‰g] / sd zAb k|of]usf sf6'{g klg ;kmn kª\lStdf cfpF5 . sf6'{lgi6x¿ b]z, sfn, kl/l:ylt / ljifout 36gf / k|;Ëx¿;Fu r':t / hfgsf/ x'g'kb{5 eGg] cf;o k':tsn] 5f8]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL kqsfl/tfdf sf6'{g snfsf] ljsf;qmdsf] ljj]rgf ubf{ ;f¥x}kl5 sf6'{gn] k|j]z kfPsf] 5 . !)) jif{eGbf a9L kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf;df @)!$ ;fnb]lv dfq kq–klqsfdf sf6'{gsf] d'v b]Vg kfOPsf] / ljz]if u/]/ k~rfotL Joj:yf nfu" ePkl5 /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ klqsfdf sf6'{gx¿ lg:sg yfn]sf] k':tsdf pNn]v 5 . @)#^ kl5 tTsfnLg Joj:yfdf ePsf] s]xL v's'nf]kgsf sf/0f klg ljljw kIfsf sf6'{gx¿n] :yfg kfP . t/ lh° / sf7sf] Ansdf 5flkg] sf6'{gx¿ cfˆgf] cf;o / cleJolQmdf Tolt :ki6tf / k|v/tf cfPg . d"ntM @)$^ kl5sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ;Fu;Fu} / d'b|0fdf cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] qmflGtn] kq–klqsfdf sf6'{gsf] k|of]udf Psk|sf/n] af9L g} cfof] . lxhf]cfh sf6'{gljgfsf kq–klqsfx¿ g"gljgfsf] t/sf/Lh:tf ePsf 5g\ . o; cy{df k':ts sf6'{lgi6x¿ Jofj;flostftkm{ pGd'v ePsf] nlIot 5 .

k':tsdf cfkm" k|lts"n sf6'{g 5fk]jfkt lxhf]sf] Joj:yfdf dfq xf]Og cfhsf] cleJolQm Pjd\ k|]; :jtGqtf k"0f{¿k]0f k|Tofe"lt ePsf] ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf klg sf6'{lgi6 / kqsf/x¿ lzsf/ ePsf 36gfx¿nfO{ n]vsn] OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . k':ts g]kfnLdf n]lvPsf] x'gfn] olb …sf6'{gÚ zAbsf] cf;o cg'¿k g]kfnLdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;s]sf] eP k':tssf] gfddf bfFtdf 9'Ëf nfUg] lyPg ls < h] xf];\, g]kfnL ;dfhdf v6\lsPsf] cfjZostf eg] k':tsn] kl/k"lt{ u/]s} dfGg'kb{5 .

k':ts– g]kfnL k|];df sf6'{g . n]vs– s'Gbg cof{n . k|sfzs– 8]lg; cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;xof]u -8flg8f_ sf] ;xof]udf g]kfn k|]; OlG:6Ro'6 . ;+:s/0f–k|yd, @)%* j}zfv . d"No– ?= &).– k[i7;+Vof– !^±**

– slkn

***

pQ/ d;fg

gf6ssf/n] k|:t't gf6snfO{ % efudf ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ . :j= uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfnsf] d;fg gf6ssf] pQ/sf] ¿kdf k|sflzt n]vssf] klxnf] s[lt xf] . gf6sdf klxnf] cfwf efu gfossf] hLjgdf / kl5Nnf] cfwf efu gflosfsf] hLjgdf s]lGb|t ePsf] kfOG5 .

s[lt– pQ/ d;fg -gf6s_ . n]vs– u]xgfy uf}td . k|sfzs– ;jL zdf{ bËfn . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%* j}zfv . d"No– ?= @%.– . k[i7– !)±%$ .

d'b|s– o'gfO6]8 u|flkms lk06;{, sf7df8f}+

***

b]jjf0fL

b]jtfsf] jf0fL g} b]jjf0fL xf] . b]j3f6 ;f+:s[lts cg';Gwfg ;]jf kl/ifb\sf] cw{jflif{s cg';Gwfgd"ns klqsf xf] . o;df b]j3f6sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . dflg;n] hLjgdf ug'{kg]{ sd{sf08, ;+:s[lt / To;}leq kfOg] JofKt cGwljZjf;nfO{ x6fO{ cfw'lgs/0f ug]{ sfd o; k':tsn] u/]sf] 5 .

s[lt– b]jjf0fL -cg';Gwfgd"ns cw{jflif{s klqsf_ . jif{M # c°M# ljhofbzdL tyf bLkfjnL @)%& . d"No–?= @%).– JolQmut, ?= #%).– ;+:yfut . d'b|s– 8jnL ckm;]6 k|]; aNv', sf7df8f}+ . ;Dkfbs– 8f= sfzL/fh zdf{ ;'j]bL . k|sflzsf– b]j3f6 j}lbsfWoflTds ;]jf kl/ifb\, sfi7d08k . k[i7– !@±@$^

***

k|jfx

ef}lts z/L/ g/x]/ klg s[ltdf afFlr/x]sf xf:oJoª\Uo ;flxTosf/x¿sf] ;D´gfdf of] :dfl/sf k|sflzt u/]sf] xf] . o;leq xf:oJoª\Uoafx]s cGo w]/} ljwfx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

s[lt– k|jfx :dfl/sf a[xt\ g]kfnL xf:o–Joª\Uo uf]i7L @)%^ kmfu'g !(/ @) . k|wfg;Dkfbs– pQds[i0f dhu}+of . k|sfzs– n]vs ;+3 bfª . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%& efb| ! . d"No– ;xof]ufy{ ?= %).– . d'b|s– g]kfn ckm;]6 k|];, bfª . k[i7– !$±!#^

***

kf]lvPsf /ªx¿

ljleGg ljwfdf snd rnfpg] /rgfsf/sf] of] klxnf] k|slzt s[lt xf]. b]zk|]d, hLjgaf]w k|Tofg'/fu, ;fdflhs ljs[lt lj;Ëlth:tf s'/fx¿ sljtfsf] ljifoj:t' ag]sf] 5 . slj sljtfdf sf7df8f}+df a;]/ ufpFdf s] x'Fb}5 eGg] ;f]rdf cfˆgf] efjgfdf kf]Vb5g\ .

s[lt– kf]lvPsf /ªx¿ -sljtf;ª\u|x_ . slj– afnd's'Gb sfsL{ . ;Dkfbs– s}nfz e08f/L k|sfzs– s]K; g]kfn, gofF afg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+ . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%& kmfu'g . d"No– ?= ^).– . k[i7– !@±%^

***

la/xL w'gx¿

ljleGg s[ltx¿ lgsfNg]qmddf lg:s]sf] pgsf] o; uLlt;ª\u|xdf xif{ / lj:dft, xfF;f] / /f]bg, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L, dfg / ckdfg, 3[0ff / k|z+;fh:tf ljifoj:t' ;d]6\g'sf ;fy} k|]d / la/xsf uLtn] el/Psf] 5 .

s[lt– la/xL w'gx¿ . uLtsf/– nId0f l;6f}nf . k|sfzs– ljZj v8\sf . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%& . k[i7– !)±%)

***

af]8{km:6 ;'lDgdf / cleefjsfsf] e"ldsf

afnaflnsfsf] lzIff/De 3/af6 x'G5 . ljBfyL{x¿sf] k|ult x'g'df cleefjssf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . ;'lDgdf af]8{km:6 x'g'df cleefjssf] 7"nf] b]g 5 . o; k':tsaf6 ;'lDgdfh:tf] w]/} ljBfyL{x¿ tof/ ug{ k|]/0ff ldN5 .

s[lt–af]8{km:6 ;'lDgdf / cleefjssf] e"ldsf . n]vs– lbn' l;+x . k|sflzsf– >LdtL c~h' l;+x . ;+:s/0f– klxnf], @)%& . 5fkfvfgf– cNsf lk|G6;{, sf]k'08f]n, n=k'=. d"No–
?= < . k[i7– !@).–

***

¿kfsf] ;fx;

of] kfFrj6f syfx¿sf] ;ª\u|x xf] . o;leqsf] syfn] afnsdf cfTdljZjf; a9fpg], r]tgf hufpg], x]nf ug{ glbg], d]xgtL agfpg], nf]eL x'g'af6 al~rt u/fO{ g}ltsjfg\ / ;Rrl/q agfpg k|]/0ff lbPsf] 5 .

s[lt– ¿kfsf] ;fx; -afnsyf;ª\u|x_ . syfsf/– uf]kfn k/fh'nL . k|sflzt – >LdtL dfwjL k/fh'nL . ;+:s/0f– t];|f], @)%& c;f/ . d'b|0f– gjb'uf{ lk|lG6ª ;kf]6{ . d"No– @).–

***

zAbf~hln

k|:t't k':ts >L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ljqmd zfxbjsf] %^ cf}+ z'ehGdf]T;jsf] pknIodf k|sflzt u/]sf] xf] . o;leq /fli6«o sljtf k|ltof]lutfåf/f 5flgPsf] %^ j6f ljleGg zLif{sdf sljtfx¿ ;dfj]z 5g\ .

s[lt– zAbf~hln -sljtf ;ª\u\x_ . ;+of]hs– zlz/fd e08f/L . k|sfzs– >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/sf] %^ cf}+ z'ehGdf]T;j gful/s d"n ;df/f]x Joj:yfkg ;ldlt @)%& k|ltof]lutfTds sljuf]i7L pk;ldlt . ;Dkfbsx¿– zlz/fd e08f/L, 8f= xl/ zdf{, >Lcf]d >]i7 …/f]bgÚ, /f]zg yfkf gL/j . k[i7– !$±(^

***

;ª\uLt -nf]s;ª\uLt ljz]iff°_

k|:t't k':ts ufos tyf ;ËLtsf/ k|jL0f u'?ªsf] ;D´gfdf k|sflzt ;ËLt ljz]iff° xf] . of] cw{jflif{ssf] ;fy} klxnf] cª\s klg xf] . o;leq nf]suLt, ;ËLt / ;ËLtsf/nfO{ ljleGg lsl;daf6 j0f{g u/]sf] kfOG5 . b]p;f]/L efO6Lsfs} lbgdf v]lnG5 eGg]s'/f o;af6 :ki6 x'G5 .

s[lt– ;ËLt -cw{jflif{s klqsf_ jif{M !, c°M !, @)%& r}t . ;Dkfbs– /fh]Gb| /fgfef6 . d"No– ?= !%.– ;+:yfut ?= !%).– . k[i7– $±^)

***

>4f~hln

n]vssf] of] k|yd k|sflzt s[lt xf] . dGbfqmfGtf, lzvl/0fL / dflngL 5Gbdf o; v08sfJosf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . gofF ;+;f/sf] /ËLg ;kgf a'g]sf gjbDktL / lzz'k|lt o; k':tsn] >4f~hln lbPsf] 5 .

s[lt– >4f~hln -v08sfJo_ . n]vs– b]jL g]kfn . k|sfzs– bfloTj jfª\do k|lti7fg, sf7df8f}+ . ;+:s/0f– k|yd, @)%& . d"No– ?= @%.–, ;+:yfut– ?= %).– . d'b|s– >L:6f/ lk|lG6ª k|];, k'tnL;8s . k[i7– %&

;+of]hg– cld/