Madhuparka 1 (Nepal)

d ;a} k'/:sf/x¿sf] u'g ufpF5'

>Lcf]d /f]bg

y/h:t} ;';+:s[t / ;'lzlIft x'g'x'G5 pxfF . g]kfnL efiff–;flxTosf cgGo ;fws tyf bL3{;]js x'g'x'G5 . g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ul/dfdo k'/:sf/ tyf k':tsfnosf ;+:yfks tyf ;Da4{ssf ¿kdf kl/ro ubf{ klg x'G5 pxfFnfO{ .

sdn bLlIft Ps JolQm x'g'x'G5 . JolQmeGbf a9L ;|i6f x'g'x'G5 . c´ ;|i6feGbf a9L ;+:yf / ;+:yfeGbf a9L ul/dfdo x'g'x'G5 . efiff ;flxTosf] ;]jf / ;fwgfnfO{ cfˆgf] sd{ / wd{ 7fGg] JolQmsf] ¿kdf lnFbf klg x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ k|ltli7t ;flxTosf/ jf ;lqmo cGj]ifs eg]/ lrGbf klg x'G5 . jfª\do ;Da4{s bLlIftnfO{ df}lns n]vg / ;Dkfbg u/L ´08} kfFr bh{g s[ltsf /rgfsf/sf ¿kdf lrGbf klg x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ ;lD´Fbf cflbslj efg'eQm rnlrqsf] lgdf{0f / clego of]ubfgnfO{ klg la;{g ldNb}g .

g]kfnL efiff ;flxTosf] clej[l4df clxn]eGbf klxn] ug'{ePsf] of]ubfg s;};Fu t'ngf ug}{ ;lsFb}g . hlta]nf ;flxTosf] ;Ë7g, ;flxTosf/x¿sf] cWoog / ;Ddfgsf] jftfj/0f lyPg Tolta]nf pxfFn] ug'{ePsf] cfF6sf] hlt k|z+;f ubf{ klg sd x'G5 . t;y{ pxfFsf] jt{dfgeGbf ljut c´ a9L :t'To ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . oxL sf/0f xfnsf c;ª\Vo ;flxlTos k|lti7fg / k'/:sf/x¿aLr klg dbg k'/:sf/sf] ul/df / dof{bfdf ´g\ j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 .

pxfFsf] gfd / JolQm Ps} eP klg pxfFsf] JolQmTj cg]s 5g\ . h;n] h;/L vf]Hof] To;n] To;/L g} e]6\g ;lsG5 sdn bLlIftnfO{ . pxfF hlt :jfledfgL x'g'x'G5 Tolt g} ;/n / lzi6 x'g'x'G5 .

lj=;+= !(*^ ;fn ebf} !@ ut] s'z]cf}+;Lsf lbg hGdg'ePsf sdn bLlIft ;donfO{ To;} v]/ hfg lbg' x'Fb}g eGg] kIfdf x'g'x'G5 To;}n] ;donfO{ ;fy{s agfpg ;bf ;r]t x'g] ug'{ePsf] 5 .

k|Zg – tkfO{+ gfd, bfd ;a} b[li6n] k"0f{ eP/ klg lsg of] pd]/df Jo:t x'g] ul//xg' ePsf] <

pQ/ – Jo:t tkfO{+x¿n] b]v]sf] dfq} xf] ls Sof . lsgeg], d t cfkm"nfO{ Jo:t 5'h:t} nfUb}g . laxfg ;f9] ;ft ah] g} d clkm; cfpF5', ;To xf], t/ Tof] Jo:t eP/ xf]Og . 3/df /]l8of] / l6eLsf va/x¿ ;'gL, x]l/;s]kl5 5flkPsf] va/ k9\g d clkm; k'U5' cvaf/x¿ ToxL+ cfpg] ePsfn] . clkm;} cfO;s]kl5 s]xL t ug}{k¥of], k':tsfnosf lstfkx¿ btf{ u5'{, s'g} lr7Lsf] hjfkm lbg' 5 eg] Tof] lbG5' . ;flxlTos ;fyLefOx¿;Fu kmf]g ug'{k¥of] eg], Jofkf/L aGw'x¿;Fu s'/f ug'{k¥of] eg] klg oxL+af6 u5'{ . 3/af6eGbf clkm;af6 sfds'/f] ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5, ‰ofpnf] x'Gg . km]l/ Tof] klg, d]/f] clkm; / 3/sf] aLrdf km/s} s] 5 / < ;o sbd klg 5}g . To;}n] of] clkm; cfPsf]nfO{ Jo:ttfsf] kl/efiff gdfg"F eG5' .

…:s'ndf lsg k9fpg hfg' x'G5 t <Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg'xf]nf . Tof] k9fpg uPs} xf]Og, /ftf] aËnf :s'nsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ g]kfnL 5Gbsf sljtf kf7 ug]{ tl/sf l;sfOlbg hfG5' – al;laofFnf] xf] Tof] d]/f]–sfo{ef/ xf]Og .

sDkgLx¿sf ldl6ª eg]sf] klg Ps lsl;dsf] …6fOd kf;Ú dfq xf] . /dfOnf] x'G5 ToxfF s]xL ug'{ kb}{g, ukm dfq} xf] . c¿ klg o:t}o:t} xf] . vfg' lkpg' p7\g' a:g'h:t} k|lqmof x'g\ oL . olt gu/L t s;/L afFRg' / <

k|Zg – bh{gf}+ s[ltsf s[ltsf/ eP/ klg tkfO{+sf] n]vsLo JolQmTjeGbf cGj]ifs JolQmTj ;kmn dflgG5, lsg xf]nf <

pQ/– ;'Gbf v'zL nfU5 . d t To:t} xf];\ eGg] rfxGy]+ . t/ sxfF ePsf] 5 / < d]/f] tyfslyt ;f]wvf]hn] s] cg';Gwfg u/]/ lgsfn]sf] 5, slt kQf nufPsf] 5, eGg';\ t < klxn] klxn] …o]/08f]lk b|'dfot]Ú eOof] TolQ xf] . cGj]ifs t s'/} 5f8\g';\, lgaGwsf/d} klg bb}{gg\ w]/} hgfn] dnfO{ . n]vs rflxF elglbG5g\ nfhufn}n] klg . #)÷$) cf]6f lstfk lgsfn]sf] b]v]kl5 Tolt rflxF eGg' kbf]{/x]5 .

k|Zg – tkfO{+sf ljljw JolQmTj 5g\, cfkm"nfO{ s;/L ljz]if lrlgof];\ eGg] rfxg' x'G5 <

pQ/– dnfO{ g]kfnL efiffsf] Pp6f eQm, ;]js eg]/ kl5sfn] lrlglbP k'U5 . c¿ ;a} s'/f uf}0f x'g\ eGg] nfU5 .

k|Zg – dbg k'/:sf/nfO{ g]kfnsf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ elgGYof], clxn] 7"nf /flzsf k'/:sf/x¿ :yfkgf ePkl5 dbg k'/:sf/dfly s:tf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 <

pQ/– klxnf] s'/f t dbg k'/:sf/nfO{ gf]a]n k'/:sf/ eGg'x'Fb}gYof] . To;f] elgPsf], To;a]nf g]kfndf c¿ s'g} k'/:sf/} lyPg To;} eP/ x'g'k5{ . t/, sxfF gf]a]n k'[/:sf/ eg]sf] ljZjJofkL k'/:sf/ xf], dbg k'/:sf/ t g]kfnsf] / To;df klg Pp6f efiffsf] dfq} xf], o;sf] / p;sf] t'ng} x'Fb}g . elgxfn]F dbg k'/:sf/ g]kfnsf] klxnf] k'/:sf/ dflgG5– ;doqmdsf lx;fan] . Tof] ljz]if0f clxn] klg sfod 5, s;}n] x/]sf] 5}g . Tof] s}No} xl/Fb}g klg . /sdsf] s'/f leGb} xf] . tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5, @)!# ;fndf :yfkgf x'Fbf dbg k'/:sf/sf] /sd s+= ?= @,%)) -g]kfnL rf/xhf/ ?lkofF_dfq lyof] . To;f] eg]/ clxn]sf] Psnfv ?lkofFsf] dbg k'/:sf/ plxn]sf] eGbf 7"nf] xf] t < cyjf @)!# ;fndf ;Todf]xg hf]zLHo"n] k|fKt ug'{ePsf] k'/:sf/eGbf @)%& df lbg]z clwsf/Ln] kfPsf] k'/:sf/nfO{ 7"nf] eGg ldNnf < d]/f] lgj]bg s] eg] k'/:sf/ eg]sf] ;Ddfg xf], To;df /sd cyf{t\ k'/:sf/sf] /flznfO{ a9L dxTj lbg' plrt x'Gg .

k|Zg – ;flxlTos Ot/ wgf9\o JolQmx¿sf] gfddf :yflkt k'/:sf/ / k|lti7fgx¿sf] af/]df x'g] u/]sf] l6Kk0fLk|lt oxfFsf] wf/0ff <

pQ/– l6Kk0fL eGgfn] tkfO{+n] gsf/fTds l6Kk0fLsf] s'/f p7fpg'ePsf] xf] eg], To:tf l6Kk0fLx¿nfO{ d cGofo dfG5' . h:tf] dfG5]nfO{ klg wg;DklQsf], ?lkofFk};fsf] nf]e x'G5, df]x x'G5 . cfˆgf] sdfOsf], cfˆgf] 9's'6Lsf] k};f, cfkm"nfO{ ef}lts gfkmf cfDbfgL gx'g] s'g} sfddf s;}n] nufpg rfxFb}g . To:tf]df klg 7"n} /sd efiff–;flxTosf] If]qdf s;}n] xfN5 eg] To;nfO{ /fd|f], clt /fd|f] l;jfo d c¿yf]s s]xL eGg ;lQmgF . o:tf] ;f+:s[lts sfddf nfu]sf] k|To]s k};f kljq x'G5 eGg] d]/f] wf/0ff 5 . hh;n] h'g–h'g gfdn] :yflkt u/] oL 7"nf7"nf /sdsf k'/:sf/x¿ d ;a}sf] u'g ufpF5' .

k|Zg – g]kfnL ;flxTodf n]vssf] t'ngfdf kf7s a9\g g;Sg' / k|sfzg ;ª\Vofsf] t'ngfdf :t/ j[l4 x'g g;Sg'nfO{ s;/L lng' ePsf] 5 <

pQ/– d]/f] dgdf nflu/x]s} s'/f p7fOlbg' eof], wGojfb . g]kfnL n]vs–sljx¿ a9]sf 5g\, k':tsx¿ klg w]/} 5flkFb}5g\ . t/ k9\g] dfG5] a9]sf 5}gg\ . @)@) ;fndf ;f´f k|sfzgn] !))) yfg 5fKYof] Pp6f lstfk, clxn] klg Tolt g} 5fK5 . 5fKg]dfq xf]Og laqmL klg jflif{s @)) k|lt hlt x'GYof] To;a]nf clxn] klg ;fwf/0ftM Tolt g} k|lt laS5g\ /] laqmL ;ª\Vof *)) k'u]sf] 5}g /] . of] j:t'l:ylt xf], tkfO{+n] To;}nfO{ ;°]t u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;nfO{ d}n] s;/L lnPsf] 5' Tof] 7"nf] s'/f] xf]Og . d t o;nfO{ b'MvbfoL kl/l:ylt xf] eG5' . t/ o:tf] kl/l:ylt lsg eof] eGg] s'/fsf] ljZn]if0f ug{ ufx|f] 5 . k|sflzt lstfkn] ;fwf/0f kf7ssf] dg lhTg ;s]gg\, To;}n] las]gg\ lstfkx¿ . of] ;f]´f] hjfkm eof] . lsg lhTg ;s]gg\ t ltgn] kf7ssf] dg < yfxf 5}g . aLkL sf]O/fnfsf] …h]n hg{nÚ / …cfTdj[QfGtÚ 5flkP/ ahf/df cfPsf] kfFr} lbgdf !÷! xhf/ k|lt las] / t'?Gt} c¿ 5fkL lgsfNof] hubDaf k|sfzgn] . Tof] lsg laSof] / To;};Fu h:tf] lgSn]sf] 8f= O{Zj/ a/fnsf] n]v ;ª\u|x clxn] @)) k|lt klg lsg las]gg\ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . s;/L t'ngf ug]{, s] eGg] < kqklqsf ;fKtflxs / dfl;s oltsf 5flkO/x]5g\ lasL klg /x]5g\ . lstfk dfq} lsg laQm}gg\ < xfd|f] ?lrsf] w/ftn tndfly k/]/ xf] ls < o;} k|Zgsf bf];|f] efudf tkfO{+n] k|sflzt s[ltx¿sf] :t/sf] s'/f p7fpg' ePsf] 5 . s[ltsf :t/ t lgZro klg dfly p7]sf] 5 . s'/f] km]l/ ToxL cfpF5– xfd|f kf7sx¿sf] ?lrsf] of af}l4s:t/ w]/} plSnPg ls < ;fgf] d'vn] 7"nf] s'/f ug'{ x'Gg, o;eGbf a9L g eg"F .

k|Zg – t'ngfTds ¿kdf )$^ sf] k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfkl5sf] g]kfnL ;flxTo / ;flxlTos ultljlwnfO{ s;/L d"Nof°g ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

pQ/– To:tf] d"Nof°g ug]{ Ifdtf cfˆgf] gePsfn] d Totfkl§ hfGg . d}n] …nfOa|]l/ogÚ sf gftfn] x]bf{, k|sflzt k':tsx¿sf] ;ª\Vof, ltgsf] u]6ck, ;fh;Hhfx¿ b]v]/ d Psbd} k|efljt 5' . dnfO{ t xfdL k|ultkyd} nlDs/x]´}+ nfU5 .

k|Zg – g]kfnL efiffsf] Ps¿ktfsf] nflu tkfO{+sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ePsf] ;ldltsf] sfo{ s:tf] lyof], k|of]u x'g ;Sof] ls ;s]g <

pQ/– To; ;ldltnfO{ tLg dlxgfsf] ;do lbOPsf] lyof], Ps dlxgf a9L lnO{ xfdLn] k|ltj]bg tTsfnLg ;"rgf dGqL dxGt 7fs'/nfO{ a'´fPsf xf}F . xfd|f s]xL ;'´fjx¿ klg lyP ToxfF . To; k|ltj]bgdf s]xL sfd sf/jfO{ eP u/]sf] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . dnfO{ s]xL ;"rgf cfPsf] 5}g . tkfO{+sf] k|Zgdf …Ps¿ktfÚsf] s'/f cfof] t/ xfd|f] sfd Ps¿ktfeGbf klg efiffsf] :t/Lotfsf] af/]df x]g]{ af]Ng] lyof]– Tof] klg ;a} ;~rf/ If]qsf] xf]Og, s]jn ;/sf/L If]qsf rf/ lgsfosf] /]l8of] g]kfn, g]kfn l6eL, /f;; / uf]/vfkqsf] . xfdLn] k|ltj]bg a'´fPkl5 klg $÷% ;~rf/ dGqL abln;Sg'eof] . xfdLnfO{ sfddf nufPsf] rflxF Pdfn]sf dGqL ´ngfy vgfnn] xf] .

k|Zg – tkfO{+sf n]vgsf efiff, z}nL cfˆg} 5g\ eG5g\ lg <

pQ/– eG5g\, xf] . xf] ls xf]Og, yfxf 5}g . d}n] eGg] s'/f] klg t ePg . ;To s'/frflxF s] eg]– d ;+:s[t w]/} gk9]sf] dfG5], To;}n] ;+:s[tsf 7"nf–7"nf zAb xfn]/ n]Vg d ;lQmgF . x'g];Dd d ;a}n] a'‰g] ;/n af]nLrfnLsf] efiff k|of]u ug{ vf]H5' . nfdfnfdf jfSo n]Vtf Jofs/0fsf uNtL x'g;Sg] x'gfn] klg ;s];Dd 5f]6f jfSo n]Vg vf]H5' . TolQ xf] . To;}nfO{ d]/f] cfˆg} efiff, z}nL 5 eGg ldNnf / <

k|Zg – cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ s;/L d"Nof°g ug'{ePsf] 5 <

pQ/– cfkm"n] cfkm}nfO{ d"Nof°g u/]/ s] nfe < d"Nof°g t c¿n] kf] ul/lbg] xf]Og / < dfgj :jefj xf], dfG5]n] cfkm"nfO{ ;a}eGbf /fd|f], ;a}eGbf hfGg], ;j{>]i7 7flg/x]sf] x'G5 . t/ To;sf] s] dfg] x'G5 < d cfkm"rflxF cfkm"nfO{ g]kfnL efiffsf] Pp6f eQm x'F eGg]afx]s c¿ s]xL eGg;Sg] l:yltdf 5}g .

k|Zg – d=k'=n] ;flxTosf/nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]h:t} ;flxTosf] :t/j[l4sf] nflu s'g} 7f]; sfo{ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 <

pQ/– dbg k'/:sf/ u'7Lsf] sfo{If]qleq k/]g of] :t/j[l4 ug]{ s'/f] . u'7Lsf] hGd g} pk]lIft / cjx]lnt g]kfnL slj–n]vsx¿sf], ;fg} eP klg, s]xL ;Ddfg xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ePsf] xf] . u'7Ln] cfˆgf] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd Tof] ul/g} /x]sf] 5 . efiff / ;flxTosf] :t/j[l4 u5f}{+, u/]sf 5f}+ eGg] b'M;fx; dbg k'/:sf/ u'7Ln] ug{ ;Qm}g . ug]{ Xofp klg 5}g .

k|Zg – sdn bLlIftsf ;a}eGbf k|an / sdhf]/ kIfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <

pQ/– sdn bLlIftsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/L dxTjfsfª\Iff gx'g' xf] ls < cyjf hf] klg deGbf a9L hfGb5, deGbf a9L ;Ifd 5– eG7fGg' xf] ls < o;} eGg ;lQmgF . k|an kIf rflxF s] xf] yfxf 5}g . s]xL klg 5}g ls kf] eG5' Û