d lj1fgdfly cfˆgf] Ifdtf / a'l4sf cfwf/df c8]sf] 5'F

– dbgdl0f bLlIft

;dsfnLg oyfy{sf] af]wnfO{ af}l4s 9Ën] pb\3f6g u/L hLjg / ;TonfO{ Psfsf/ ug{ nfdf] ;dob]lv g]kfnL ;flxTo / kqsfl/tfdf ;dlk{t x'g'x'G5 >4]o ;flxTosf/ dbgdl0f bLlIft .

g]kfnL jfª\dosf ljlzi6 ;fws bLlIft *) jif{sf] a'9\of}nLdf klg ;flxTok|ltsf] ;dk{0f / OdfGbf/Ldf larlnt x'g'ePsf] 5}g . pxfFsf] clj>fGt kl/>d, uxg cWoog / tLj| uxgzLntfn] pxfFnfO{ tLI0f d]wfjL dfq geO{ ;DdfggLo klg agfPsf] 5 .

syf / lgaGwaf6 n]vgf/De ug'{ePsf ljlzi6;fws bLlIft ljz]iftM syf, lrGtgk/s lgaGw / pkGof;h:tf uB ljwfsf cfb/0fLo ;|i6f x'g'x'G5 . sl/a 8]9 bh{g s[ltsf ;|i6f dbgdl0f bLlIft @)#( df dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt pkGof; dfwjL, d]/L gLlndf, lqb]jLÚkl5 uxg / af}l4s pkGof; e"ld;"Qm k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . o; pkGof;n] af}l4s lrGtgnfO{ cfw'lgs cf}kGofl;s ljwf;Fu ;dGjo / ;+of]hg ul/Psf] 5 .

lj=;+= !(&( kmfu'g ^ ut] sf7df8f}+sf] u}x«Lwf/fdf hGdg' ePsf dbgdl0f bLlIft ;flxTosf cltl/Qm lzIff / kqsfl/tf If]qsf nflu klg TolQs} cfb/0fLo x'g'x'G5 .

s'g} ;do dfS;{jfbL /fhgLlt ug'{ x'g] dbgdl0f bLlIftn] jL/u~hdf lqh'4 xfO:s'ndf k|wfgfWofks eO{ ;]jf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)!$ df …xfnva/Ú b}lgs klqsfsf] k|wfg;Dkfbs x'g'sf ;fy} lj=;+= @)!^ r}tb]lv ;dLIff ;fKtflxsdfkm{t kqsfl/tf If]qdf nfdf] / pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf] 5 . g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf k"j{ pks'nklt dbgdl0f bLlIft cWoog, lrGtg, n]vg / k|:t'ltsf sf/0f nf]slk|o / ljlzi6 ;flxTosf/ x'g'x'G5 .

— tkfO{+sf] gofF pkGof; …e"ld;'QmÚn] lgs} rrf{ / k|z+;f kfPsf] 5, of] pkGof;sf] ljz]iftf s] xf] <

of] lxdfnL pkdxfb]zdf rlncfPsf] lxGb' hLjg bz{g / hLjg k4ltsf] clt k|frLgsfnb]lvsf] cfbz{ tyf d'No cEof; jf a}lbs / dxfef/tLo ;|f]tdf k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf /x]sf ;°]tx¿nfO{ jLh ¿kdf pkof]u u/L To:tf k|frLg hLjg k4lt / cfbz{sf ;+:yfks / ;+jfxs /x]sf g/gf/Lsf gfpFsf cfwf/df 36gfjnL l;h{gf u/]/ pkGof;sf] ¿kdf k|frLg Oltxf;lt/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] Wofg cfs[i6 ug'{ xf] .

gf/L eg]sf] of] w/tLsL sljtf, lzlIfsf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/lIfsf x'g\ . lxdfnL pkdxfb]zsf] of] dfgjLo If]qdf Tof] k|frLg gf/L rl/q lgs} c+zdf cfh klg hLjGt 5 . ;dfhn] cfˆgf] cfWoflTds cfjf;sf] lgdf{0f ub}{ cfof] / clxn] klg Tof] cEof; rln/x]sf] 5 . e"tsfn cyf{t\ Oltxf;af6 jt{dfgsf] hGd x'G5 . of] k|s[ofåf/f ;dfhdf kl/jt{g x'Fb} hfFbf o'ux¿n] laTb} uPsf ;dosf cJofjxfl/s, ultleGgtf lglDt jfws / ;Gb]z/lxt cj:yfdf k'u]sf rl/qsf kIfx¿nfO{ 5f]8\b} / kl/Tofu ub}{ clg o'ufg';f/ jt{dfg lglDt hf] ;Gb]zjfxL / k|lt1fo'Qm 5g\, h;n] dfgjsf] l;h{gzLntf tyf ;sf/fTds tyf :jLsfo{ kl/0ffd pTkGg ub{5g\ To:tfnfO{ u|x0f ub}{ / ltgdf gofF ultdotf 36\b} hfG5 . lgif]w / :jLs[ltsf oL k|s[ofx¿af6 dfgj ;dfhn] cfkm"nfO{ lgTogjLg, sNof0fsf/L, cgj/t l;h{gzLn t'Nofpg] u5{ . oxL k|s[of cGtu{t dfgj / k|s[ltaLrsf] cGt/fnDag Ps csf]{ lglDt k"/s eP/ Ps csf]{aLr PsLs[t eO{ g}lts kl/l:yltsf] (Moral Ecology)nfO{ ;an t'NofpF5 . ;dfhsf] pQ/f]Q/ ljsf; lglDt of] g} ckl/xfo{ zt{ xf] eGg] b]vfpg] k|of; ug'{ klg of] s[ltsf] cfˆgf] k|of; xf] .

— of] pd]/df klg n]vg / cWoogdf ;lqmo x'g'sf s]xL sf/0f 5g\ ls <

;fdflhs hLjgdf ;xeflutfsf] s'g} klg ;DaGw pd]/l;t /xFb}g . cfˆgf cWoog / sndåf/f d}n] ;fdflhs hLjgdf ;xeflutfnfO{ cFufn]sf] 5' – lat]sf] sDtLdf 5 bzsb]lv .

— s'g} gofF s[ltsf] tof/Ldf klg x'g'x'G5 ls <

>L ;'nf]rgf dfgGw/n] kflIfs lxdfndf e"ld;"Qmsf] kl/ro n]Vg'x'Fbf æt/ cfzf u/f}+ pxfFn] -d}n]_ e"ld;"Qmkl5 dfgj ;"Qm klg lbP/ hfg' x'g]5Æ eGg' eof] . hfg]af/] d}n] clxn] ljrf/ u/]sf] 5}g oBlk dfgj ;"Qm eGg] ;'´fjn] dnfO{, d]/f lglDt gofF lbzf geP tfklg Totf k|]l/t ug{ yfn]sf] 5 .

— jt{dfg g]kfnL pkGof;sf] :j¿k s:tf] 5 <

b'O{ bzs klxn]sf] 3fdsf] kfOnf / To;kl5sf] oxfFb]lv ToxfF;Dd u/L b'O{ j6fafx]s otf kGw| jif{ leqsf g]kfnL pkGof;x¿n] k|of]u ljlw cFufn]lt/ k|of; ;'? u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pkGof;sf kfqx¿ / n]vssfaLr tfbfTDosf] cefj /x]sf] d cg'ej u5'{ . pkGof; n]vsn] kfq hGdfpg' / 36gfjnLsf] ;[li6 ug'{ ;§f cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] ;dfhsf] o'u;fk]If kl/j]zn] kfq / 36gf ljsf; ug{ ;Sg' pkGof; ljwfsf] cfJxfg xf] eGg] d]/f] cfˆgf] ljZjf; 5 .

— k"jL{o / kfZrfTo b'j} ;flxTodf tkfO{+sf] cWoog / lrGtg ePsf] gftfn] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] lgs6tf s'gdf a9L x'g] u/]sf] 5 <

;f]leot ;flxTon] lj=;+= @))& kl5 g]kfnL ;flxTodf Pp6f k|j[lQ hGdfof] / s]xL jif{kl5 cGTo klg eof] . clg hfF kfn ;fq{ tyf cna6{ sfd'nfO{ g]kfnL pkGof;df leTofpg] r]i6f eP t/ l56} Tof] k|j[lQsf] cGTo eof] . clxn] …cfw'lgstfjfbÚ / …pQ/cfw'lgstfjfbÚ af/] efif0f ;'lgg] / n]Vg] k|of; u/]sf] xf] eGg] z°f nfU5 t/ Tof] ;°6df g]kfnL ;dfh k'u]sf] gx'Fbf tL cjwf/0ffnfO{ g} cfTd;ft\ gu/L s[ltd k|of; u/]sf] h:tf] nfU5 .

k"jL{o ;flxTo, ljz]if u/L lxGbL / aËfnLsf] k|efj g} g]kfnL pkGof; ;flxTodf cfˆg} k|sf/n] cf?9 5 .

— ;fs{ d'n'sdf xfd|f] ;flxTosf] :t/ s'g ¿kdf 5 eGg] dx;'; ug'{ePsf] 5 <

kGw| jif{ hlt klxn] ef/tsf k|l;4 ;dfnf]rs 8fS6/ >L gfdj/l;+xn] sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht Pp6f uf]i7Ldf af]Nb} g]kfnL sfJowf/fnfO{ ef/tsf lxGbL / d/f7L sfJowf/f hlt g} pRr eg]sf lyP eGg] d ;lD´G5' . sljj/ >L dfwj l3ld/]sf] cZjTyfdf h:tf] s[lt lat]sf kGw| jif{leq ef/tdf klg n]lvP ls n]lvPgg\ . ;fs{ If]qsf cGo b]zsf ;flxToaf/] dnfO{ Tolt ;f/f] yfxf 5}g oBlk b'O{ bzseGbf klxn]sf] …df´LsL kTgLÚ gfds jËnfb]zLo pkGof;nfO{ ;fs{ If]qs} pTs[i6 pknlAw xf] eGg} k5{ .

— tkfO{+ j]b / pklgifb\sf ljåfg\ eP/ klg lsg clgZj/jfbL x'g'x'G5 <

ddf j]b / pklgifb\k|lt cjZo g} ?lr 5 t/ tL If]qsf ljåfg\ xf]Og d . hfgsf/L / cf:yf k[ys s'/f x'g\ . lj1fg Jolt/]s >4f xf] O{Zj/jfb . drflxF lj1fgdfly cfˆgf Ifdtf / a'l4sf cfwf/df c8]sf] 5' .

— kqsfl/tf / ;flxTodWo] s'g IF]qn] a9L ;Gt'li6 / ;Ddfg lbnfPsf] 5 <

d]/f] If]q snd / k':ts xf] . ;f}Gbof{g'e"lt / ljZjf; d]/f cfsif{0f x'g\ . kqsfl/tf / ;flxTo eg]sf] cfˆgf lglDt dfWod dfq x'g\ . ;f}Gbo{af]wsf cfwf/df ;dfhsf cË / k|s[ofnfO{ x]/]/ n]Vg' ;flxTo xf] eg] ;dfhsf b}lgs 36gf / ltgdf k|ltljlDat x'g] k|j[lQsf] clen]vg kqsfl/tf xf] . ddf b'j}k|lt ?lr / b'j} If]qsf n]vgk|lt Ifdtfcg';f/ ;Gt'li6 5 . oL b'j} If]q k/:k/ k"/s ;d]t x'g\ eGg] d 7fG5' . b'j} If]qdf snd rnfpFbf ;Gt'i6 x'G5' . d]/f lglDt tL b'O{ If]qaLr ljefhg 5}g . To;} sf/0fn] xf]nf d]/f s]xL ldqx¿ d}n] tL b'O{ If]qaLr 5f;ld; u/]sf] q'l6 ddf b]Vg' x'G5 .

— cvaf/L n]vgn] ;flxTosf/sf] l;h{gfdf sdL / sdhf]/ agfpF5 eGg] s'/fdf ;xdt x'g'x'G5 <

ljifonfO{ a'‰g] r]i6f u/]/ tyf cfˆgf] pQ/bfloTjnfO{ a'´]/ n]Vg] u/]df To:tf q'l6n] 8f]¥ofpg ;Sb}gg\ .

— tkfO{+h:tf] k|fl1s dfG5] k|1f k|lti7fgdf k'u]/ klg sfo{sfn ;fy{s agfpg ;Sg' ePg eGg]x¿nfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 / cfkm}+n] s;/L d"Nof°g ug'{ePsf] 5 <

cGt/f{li6«o ;xeflutfo'Qm / b]zsf &% j6} lhNnfaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L klxnf] /fli6«o k|fl1s ;Dd]ng ug]{, g]kfnL efiffdf z'l4 / Ps¿ktf lglDt g]kfnL efiffsf] Jo'Tkltd"ns sf]z tof/ kfg]{, g]kfnel/ ;fdflhs eflifs ;j]{If0f ug]{, g]kfnsf kfFr} ljsf; If]qdf ;+ul7t / ;+:yfut cfwf/df dfGo g]=/f=k|=k|= sf] lj:tf/ ug]{, >L % dxf/fhflw/fhnfO{ g]=/f=k|=k|=sf] :yfoL ;+/Ifs egL P]gdf g} k|ToIf Joj:yf ug]{, gofF k|j[lQsf :yfkgstf{ / zf]wd"ns s[ltsf k|sfzgdf dfq g]=/f=k|=k|=n] sf]zaf6 nufgL ug]{, 3'DtL k':tsfnosf] Joj:yf ug{ ;|f]t ;fwgsf hu]gf{ ug]{ h:tf s]xL lbzfdf d]/f k|of;x¿ ;d]t ljkmn eP . To:tf] lsg eg]= d}n] g} g]=/f=k|=k|=, To;sf] u7g / rog ljlw tyf sfo{ k|0ffnL a'´]sf] /x]g 5' .

cfkm"n] xft xfn]sf] jf lhDdf lnPsf] sfddf slxNo} ljkmn gePsf] d]/f] hLjgsf tL cd"No kfFr jif{ eg] d]/f cfˆg} c1fgtfjz ljkmn eP . Pp6} ljifodf d]/f ;fd' g]=/f=k|=k|= s'nkltn] Pp6f s'/f u/]sf] kfFr ldg]6kl5 ;xs'nkltn] 7Ls pN6f] s'/f ubf{ clg ;xs'nkltn] cd's JolQmnfO{ æg]=/f=k|=k|=sf] PsfO{df g/fv] To;n] g]=/f=k|=k|= sf] skfn vf}l/g] 5 / /fv]kl5 eg] tkfO{+sf] v'§f efFRg] 5Æ eg]sf] ;'g]kl5 d k"0f{ ;fjwfg gx'g' d]/} uNtL / ljkmntf t xf] lg .

— >Lcf]d /f]bg

d"n n]v || ;do—;Gbe{ || ;ldIff || wd{÷;+:s[lt || ;f/f+zdf || l6kf]6|| cfFs'/f
snf || ofqf–;+:d/0f || syf || sljtf || lgaGw || ljrf/ d~r || k|;Þª\uj; || k':ts÷klqsf  || ;Gbe{ || Home