l;+xb/af/

df]x8fdf g]kfnsf] /fli6«o emG8f ;dft]sf] l;+xsf] eJo d"lt{ /flvPsf] x'gfn] l;+xb/af/ elgPsf] xf] . rGb|zDz]/ /f0ffn] g]kfn /fhsf]ifsf] nfvf}+ ¿lkofF vr{ u/L æ/f0f k|fOdldlgi6/Æ a:g] 3/sf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f u/fPsf] of] b/af/ kl5 Ps s/]f8 ¿lkofF lnP/ pgn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf a]r]sf lyP . lj=;+= @))& ;fn kmfu'g & ut]b]lv l;+xb/af/nfO{ dGqfno -;lrjfno_ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] .

-;|f]t M :yfggfd sf]z, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f–k|lti7fg_

klxnf] /fli6«o em08f

ljZjsf] klxnf] /fli6«o em08f 8]gdfs{sf] ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . /ftf] k[i6e"lddf ;]tf] qm; ePsf] ;f] em08f ;g\ !@!( df ag]sf] egfO 5 .

-;|f]t M 6]n ld XjfO{_

;Ld;f/ If]q

bfdf]b/k|;fb e§

ltdLx¿n] ;Ld;f/ If]q -Wetlands_ sf] gfd ;'g]s} xf]nf, s] xf] t of] ;Ld;f/ If]q eg]sf] <

;fdfGotof ;Ld;f/ If]q eGgfn] xfdLn] tfn, tnfp, kf]v/L cflb a'‰b5f}+ . t/ ;Ld;f/ If]qcGtu{t oL If]q dfq} kb}{gg\ . j}1flgs efiffdf tfn, tnfp, kf]v/Lnufot 7"n7"nf gbLx¿sf lsgf/fdf t6Lo If]qx¿ klg kb{5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm afx|} dlxgf jf jif{sf] s]xL dlxgf kfgL hDdf /xg] df5f kf]v/Lx¿, wfg /f]Kg] v]t;d]t ;Ld;f/ If]qleq kb{5 . ;+If]kdf, k"/} kfgL el/Psf] jf s]xL dfqf d} eP klg gdL -Moisture_ ;f]if]/ /xg] hdLgnfO{ ;Ld;f/ If]q elgG5 .

;Ld;f/ If]q b'O{ zAb ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 . ;Ld zAb kmf/;L efiffsf] æl;+xÆ zAb;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5, h;sf] cy{ x'G5 v]tL ug{ g;lsg] sd;n vfnsf] hdLg . /, ;+:s[t efiffaf6 cfPsf] æ;f/Æ zAbsf] cy{ x'G5 – kfgL . oL b'O{ zAb hf]8\8f klg kfgL ePsf] hdLg eGg] a'lemG5 .

t/ efOalxgL xf], v]tL ug{ sd;n elgP klg ;Ld;f/ If]q cToGt pkof]uL hdLg dflgG5 . afx|} dlxgf kfgLn] gd /xg] x'Fbf ;Ld;f/ If]qx¿df ljleGg lsl;dsf cToGt pkof]uL af]6lj¿jfx¿ kfOG5g\ . o:t} df5f, Eofu'tf h:tf peor/ -Amphibian_ b]lv ljleGg l3l;|g] hLjx¿ -Reptiles_ sf] af;:yfg g} ;Ld;f/ If]q xf] . o:tf If]qdf emf8L hËn x'g] x'Fbf w]/} hftsf r/fx¿ tyf s]xL :tgwf/L hLjx¿ klg ;Ld;f/ If]qd} /dfpF5g\, ;Ld;f/ If]qsf] cefjdf sltko r/f / :tgwf/L hLj nf]k x'Fb} uO/fv]sf 5g\ . ;Ld;f/ If]q leqsf] hdLg cToGt 5fofFbf/ tyf lr;f] x'g] x'Fbf w]/}h;f] 3fF;kft, h8La'6L tyf kmnkm"n klg k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5g\ .

xfd|f] b]zdf ;Ld;f/ If]qsf] sdL 5}g . /f/ftfn, km]jftfn h:tf k|l;4 tfnx¿ / b]zsf 7"nf gbLx¿ s0ff{nL, gf/fo0fL / sf];L gbLsf t6Lo If]qx¿ ;Ld;f/ If]q x'g\ . oL If]qx¿n] w]/} b'n{e hLjhGt'nfO{ ;+/If0f lbPsf] 5 . h:t}, gf/fo0fL gbLsf] t6Lo If]q uf]xL / Psl;Ë] u}+8fsf] af;:yfg xf] eg] sf];L gbLsf] t6Lo If]q sf];L 6fk'n] Pl;ofsf] Ps dfq hËnL e}+;L cgf{nfO{ ;+/If0f lbPsf] 5 . o:t} s0ff{nL gbLsf] t6Lo If]qn] b'n{e 8lNkmg hfltsf] df5fnfO{ ;+/If0f lbPsf] 5 . b'n{e / nf]k x'Fb} uO/x]sf] h}ljs ljljwtf arfpg ;Ld;f/ If]q cToGt dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 .

ljZjsf] klxnf] lrl8ofvfgf

lrl8ofvfgfnfO{ cª\u|]hLdf h' elgG5 . of] h'nf]lhsn uf8]{g (zoological garden) sf] 5f]6f] ¿k xf] . ljZjsf] klxnf] lrl8ofvfgfsf] :yfkgf O{;fk"j{ !!%) df lrlgofF ;d|f6n] u/]sf] dflgG5 . ;j{;fwf/0fn] klg x]g{kfpg] u/L klxnf] lrl8ofvfgf eg] ;g\ !&(# df k]l/;df :yfkgf eof] .

-;|f]t M 6]n ld XjfO{_

efOalxgL xf] Û ;'Gbf klg crDd nfUg] y'k|} cgf}7f hLjhGt'x? klg k[YjLdf kfOG5g\ . d'gfsf] of] cª\sdf xfdL o:t} s]xL cgf}7f hLjhGt'sf af/]df rrf{ ug]{5f}+ .

;+;f/sf] ;fgf] kIfL

xld+ua8{ (Humming-bird) ljZjs} ljlrq kIfLdWo] Ps xf] . rlDsnf] /ª, p8\g] cfZro{hgs tl/sf / km"naf6 cfxf/f k|fKt ug]{ cgf}7f] tl/sfsf] sf/0f of] r/f ljZjdf g} k|l;4 5 .

ljZjdf xld+ua8{sf tLg ;oeGbf a9L k|hflt 5g\ . o;dWo] aL xld+ua8{ (Bee Humming-bird) ljZjdf g} ;aeGbf ;fgf] kIfL xf] . of] kIfL So'af / kfOG; k|foåLkdf kfOG5 . of] kIfLsf] nDafO %=& ;]lG6ld6/ dfq x'G5 . o;sf] tf}n g} klg lgs} sd x'G5 .

xld+ua8{sf] p8\g] tl/sf c¿ r/fr'?ª\uLsf] eGbf km/s 5 . of] kIfL xfjfdf g} l:y/ eP/ /xg klg ;S5 . k"mnaf6 cfxf/f lnFbf klg o;nfO{ st} a:g cfjZos g} x'Gg . xfjfdf t}l/P/ o;n] cfˆgf] r'Rrf] k"mnleq 3';fpF5 / k/fu lnP/ p8\5 . cyjf k"mnaf6 ;–;fgf sL/fx? l6k]/ vfG5 . xld+ua8{n] kv]6f km6km6fO/xFbf dl;gf] cfjfh klg lg:sG5 . sltko dflg;x?n] Tof] cfjfhnfO{ kv]6fsf] cfjfhsf] eg]/ rfn kfpFb}gg\ / r/f af]n]sf] egL eG5g\ . o;n] Ps ;]s]08df %) b]lv *) k6s;Dd cfˆgf] kv]6f km6km6fpF5 .

aL xld+ua8{ ljZjs} ;fgf] kIfL eP klg jL/ kIfL xf] . cfˆgf] u'F8 hf]ufpg of] sfu tyf afh;Fu n8\g / ltgLx?sf] cfqmd0f ljkmn kfg{ klg kl5 x6\b}g .

lah'nLsf] em6\sf lbg] df5f

s'lxgf leQfdf 7f]lSsFbf s/]G6 nfu]sf] h:tf] ePsf] cg'ej t efOalxgLx?n] u/]s} 5 xf]Og t < xf]lzof/, On]lS6«s On (Electric eel) eGg] df5fsf] km]nf k/]df klg s/]G6sf] em6\sf cg'ej ug'{knf{ .

On]lS6«s Onsf] j}1flgs gfd Electrophorus electricus xf] . blIf0f cd]l/sf kfOg] of] df5f @=$ ld6/;Dd nfdf] x'G5 . cyf{t\, df5fnfO{ 7f8f] /fVg] xf] eGg] ;fdfGo dfG5]eGbf lgs} cUnf] x'G5 . o;sf] cfxf/f df5f g} xf] .

On df5fn] cfˆgf] cfxf/sf] lzsf/ ug]{ a]nfdf jf s'g} zq'af6 hf]lug lah'nLsf] em6\sf lbG5 . Onsf] lah'nL em6\sf kl5 ;fgf;fgf df5f t tTsfn} d5{g\, dflg;nfO{ o;sf] em6\sf ;xg ufx|f] k5{ .

;d'b|L 3f]8f

efOalxgL xf] Û ;Fu}sf] lrq s:tf] nfUof] t < 5}g t 3f]8f h:tf] < t/ of] ;fFlRrs} 3f]8f eg] xf]Og x} . of] xf] lxKkf]s}Dk; (Hippocampus) cyf{t\ Ps k|sf/sf] ;d'b|L df5f . t/ o;sf] d'v 3f]8fsf] h:tf] ePsf] sf/0f o;nfO{ dflg;x?n] ;d'b|L 3f]8f (Seahorses) klg eGg] u/]sf 5g\ .

o;sf] nDafO !) b]lv #) ;]lG6ld6/;Dd x'G5 . ljZjsf ;a} dxf;fu/df ;d'b+|L 3f]8f kfOG5 . o;sf] k'R5/ ultzLn x'G5 / ;d'b|L jg:kltx?nfO{ tx nfpg sfd nfU5 .

;d'b+|L 3f]8f kfgLdf 7f8f] /x]/ t}l/g ;Sb5 . ljZjdf o;sf k|hflt kfOPsf 5g\ . ;aeGbf ;fgf] ;d'b|L3f]8f Dwarf Seahorse xf] .

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