Computer (Muna Nepali Monthly)

OG6/g]6

efOalxgL xf]Û ltdLx¿n] OG6/g]6 eGg] t ;'g]sf 5f} xf]Og < zx/ ahf/df OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u lgs} a9\gyfn]sf] 5 . of] OG6/g]6 eg]sf] s] xf] t < 5f]6f] jfSodf eGg] xf] eg] OG6/g]6 eg]sf] ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sx¿df /x]sf sDKo'6/x¿sf] ;~hfn (network) sf] klg ;~hfn xf] . To;}n] o;nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;~hfn (international network) sf] 5f]6f] ?k cyf{t\ internet eGg] klg ul/Psf] 5 . ;lhnf];Fu eGg] xf] eg] OG6/g]6 eg]sf] sDKo'6/x¿aLr s'/fsfgL jf ;DaGw hf]8\g] dfWod xf] .

OG6/g]6sf] z'?cft ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf ePsf] xf] . cd]l/sL /Iff dGqfnon] cg';Gwfgsf] sfdsf] nflu o;sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] lyof] . kl5 ljZjljBfnox¿ / cGo 7"nf sDkgLx¿n] o;df xft xfn] . clxn] OG6/g]6 ljZjJofkL k|rngsf] s'/f] ePsf] 5 . klxn] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu z'? ePsf] OG6/g]6 xfnsf lbgx¿df Jofkf/, dgf]/~hg, lzIff cfh{g, /fHo Joj:yf cflb sfddf Nofpg yflnPsf] 5 .

OG6/g]6 vf;u/L Od]n / jN8{jfO8 j]a jf 8An'8An'8An'sf nflu w]/} g} k|of]u ePsf] 5 . Pp6f sDKo'6/sf] dfWodaf6 csf]{ sDKo'6/df lr7\7Lkq k7fpg] tl/sf Od]n (e-mail) xf] . g]kfnLdf o;nfO{ ljB'tLo x'nfs eGg] klg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sfdf Od]n k7fPsf] 5 eg] Tof] tTsfn}h;f] k'Ub5 . o:tf Od]nx¿sf] ljz]if 7]ufgf x'G5 . æd'gfÆ sf] Od]n 7]ufgf gopa@mos.com.np xf] .

o:t}, jN8{ jfO8 j]adf ljZjsf ljleGg ljifodf hfgsf/L kfpg ;lsG5 . ljb]zdf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfk"mn] rfx]sf] ljifodf yfxf kfpg] Pp6f /fd|f] dfWodsf] ?kdf OG6/g]6 /x]sf] 5 . cr]n sltko ljZjsf]if (encyclopedia) ;d]t OG6/g]6df /fVg yflnPsf] 5 . ljZjdf g} gfd rn]sf] Og\;fOSnf]k]l8of la|6flgsf klg cr]n OG6/g]6df x]g{ kfOG5 . ;dfrf/kqx¿df 5flkg] d'Vo d'Vo ;dfrf/x¿ klg OG6/g]6df x]g{ kfOG5 . g]kfndf klg vf;u/L sf7df8f}+df /x]sf s]xL SofDk;x¿n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k9fpg OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

OG6/g]6 ;]jfsf nflu s]xL s'/fsf] vfFrf] x'G5 . oL x'g\ sDKo'6/, df]8]d, OG6/g]6 ;~rfng x'g] ;ˆ6j]o/ jf sDKo'6/ sfo{qmd / 6]lnkmf]g nfOg . ljb]zdf ;Lw} ;Dks{ /fv]/ klg OG6/g]6df cfk"mn] rfx]sf] x]g{ ;lsG5 . o;f] ubf{ 6]lnkmf]gsf] vr{ lgs} a9\g] x'G5 . o;}n] b]zleq OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfsf] u|fxs ag]/ OG6/g]6 x]/]df 6]lnkmf]g vr{ lgs} sd kg]{ x'G5 .

clxn] ljZjdf @% s/f]8eGbf a9L OG6/g]6 k|of]ustf{ 5g\ . g]kfndf OG6/g]6 ;]jf z'? ePsf] kfFr jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ !((%.(^ df ds{G6fon eGg] ;+:yfn] g]kfndf OG6/g]6 ;]jf z'? u/]sf] xf] . clxn] cglnld6]8, ds{G6fon, jN8{lnª\s, g]kfn b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgnufot Ps bh{g ;+:yfn] OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ .

sDKo'6/ k|Zgf]Q/

@)%& sflQssf] d'gfdf Pp6f sDKo'6/ / csf]{ sDKo'6/aLr ;Dks{ ug]{, ;"rgfx? cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ pks/0f df]8]d xf] egL 5f]6s/Ldf lbOPsf] /x]5 . of] df]8]d sDKo'6/sf] s'g efudf x'G5 / of] s;/L /flvPsf] x'G5 < o;n] Ps sDKo'6/af6 csf]{ sDKo'6/;Fu s;/L ;Dks{ ug{ ;S5 <

lx/faxfb'/ e08f/L ;Gt', sIff &
k=k=p=df=lj, 3f]/fxL, bfª

sDKo'6/ k|of]u ug]{x?n] ;;{tL{ x]bf{ b]lvg] j:t'x?df ;LkLo', dlg6/, sLaf]8{, dfp;, lk|G6/ g} x'g\ . sDKo'6/sf] d'Vo cª\u eg]sf] ;LkLo' xf] . ;LkLo' em\jf6\6 x]bf{ kmnfdsf] Pp6f l8Aaf h:tf] x'G5 . oxL l8Aafleq sDKo'6/ ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos ;a} s'/fx? h:t} db/af]8{, k|f];];/, xf8{ l8:s cflb /flvPsf] x'G5 .

hxfF;Dd df]8]dsf] s'/f] 5, of] ;LkLo' /x]sf] oxL l8Aafleq} klg /fVg ;lsG5 cyjf ;LkLo'eGbf a]Un} aflx/ klg /fVg ;lsG5 . clxn] 5'6\6} df]8]d h8fg gug]{ u/L db/af]8{df g} /fVg klg yflnPsf 5g\ . l8Aafleq /flvg] df]8]d ;:tf] kb{5 eg] aflx/ /flvg] df]8]dsf] df]n a9L kb{5 . oL df]8]dx? klg yl/yl/sf kfOG5g\ . ;"rgfx? l9nf] jf rfF8f] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ s'/f] df]8]dsf] k|sf/df e/ kb{5 .

sDKo'6/df k|of]u x'g] xf8{j]o/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

z+s/ clwsf/L, sIff *
lbJoHof]lt df=lj=, s;]gL–&, ;/fO{, kfNkf

sDKo'6/sf] af/]df rrf{ ubf{ xf8{j]o/ / ;ˆ6j]o/sf] s'/f ul/G5 . sDKo'6/ xf8{j]o/ eg]sf] ef}lts j:t' xf] . o;nfO{ b]Vg / 5'g ;lsG5 . h:t}, dlg6/, ;LkLo', db/af]8{, lk|G6/, df]8]d, ˆnkL cflb . sDKo'6/df h8fg ul/g] oL xf8{j]o/x?n] g} sDKo'6/nfO{ a9L sfd lng;Sg] agfpF5 . ;ˆ6j]o/ eg]sf] 5'g ;lsFb}g . ;ˆ6j]o/ s'g} g s'g} xf8{j]o/df g} e08f/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

ˆnkLsf] x]/ljrf/

ˆnkL l8:sdf ;"rgf jf cfb]znfO{ e08f/ u/]/ /fVg ;lsG5 . t/ of] ˆnkLnfO{ dgk/L u¥of] eg] o;n] sfd ub}{g . ˆnkL k|of]u ug]{x¿n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fM

!= ˆnkL l8:ssf] r'DasLo rSsfnfO{ 5'g x'Fb}g .
@= o;nfO{ r'Dassf] glhs /fVg x'Fb}g .
#= w]/} tftf] jf w]/} lr;f] jf cf]l;nf] 7fpFdf klg o;nfO{ /fVg x'Fb}g .
$= ˆnkL l8:snfO{ dgk/L kmfNg] u/]df jd v;]df klg o;n] sfd lbFb}g .
%= ˆnkL l8:snfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf df]8\g' x'Fb}g .
^= o;nfO{ w"nf]af6 ;se/ hf]ufpg'kb{5 .

&= Pp6f ;fdu|L /fVg] clg d]6\g] . km]l/ csf]{ /fVg] / d]6\g] ug'{eGbf ˆnkL l8:sdf 7fpF
5p~h]n ;fdu|Lx¿ e08f/ ug]{ / kl5 kmDof{6 ug]{ u/]df o;n] a9L ;do;Dd sfd lbG5 .