s;n] s] cfljisf/ u/]

kf:sn – Sofns'n]6/
dfOsn km/f8] – 8fogfdf]
jf]/ldn / lane/ /fO6 – xjfOhxfh
cNk|m]8{ jg{xf8{ gf]a]n – 8fogfdfO6
d]sldng – ;fOsn
¿8f]Nkm l8hn – l8h]n OlGhg
yd; PNjf Pl8;g – nfp8l:ks/
h]=Pn= j]o8{ – 6]lnlehg
Plnof; xfj] – l;nfO{ d]l;g
cn]Sh]G8/ u|fXda]n – 6]lnkmf]g

ljZj sk k"m6andf kxnf] uf]n

ljZj sk -k"m6an_ sf] Oltxf;df klxnf] uf]n ug]{ JolQm x'g\ n'l;cfg n/]g (Lucien Laurent) . k|mfG;sf n/]gn] ;g !(#) sf] !# h'nfO{df ePsf] klxnf] ljZjskdf uf]n u/]sf lyP .

-;|f]t M ljH8d, hgj/L @))!_

Nxf];f/ kj{

efOalxgL xf], xfd|f] b]zdf ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;x¿ a;f]af; u5{g\ . logLx¿ ;a}sf] cf–cfˆgf] efiff, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh / e]ife"iff 5g\ . tLdWo] Nxf];f/ kj{ klg Ps xf] .

ltAatL Sofn]08/ cg';f/ gofF jif{sf] ;'?jft;Fu} of] kj{ dgfOG5 . o;} cj;/df g]kfnsf] pQ/L e]udf a;f]af; ug]{ d+uf]n d"nsf z]kf{, tfdfª, u'?ª, Nxf]df] cflb hfltn] of] kj{ dgfpF5g\ .

ltAatL efiffdf …Nxf]Ú sf] cy{ jif{ / …;/Ú sf] cy{ km]l/g' xf] . cyf{t\ k'/fgf] jif{sf] cGTo / gofF jif{sf] ;'?jft eGg] cy{ Nxf];f/n] lbG5 .

Nxf];f/ ljleGg ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/f cg';f/ tf]nf, ;f]gfd, UofNdf] Nxf];f/ dgfpg] rng 5 . tf]nf k';sf] !% ut], ;f]gfd df3df / UofNdf] kmfu'g dlxgfdf dgfpg] ul/G5 .

Nxf];f/ kj{df dflg;x¿ af}4 laxf/, u'Daf, :t'k cflbdf uO{ eujfgsf] k"hf u5{g\ . ljleGg /Ësf wfld{s em08f -n'ªb/_ cUnf] 7fpFdf ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L /fV5g\ . dfGohgx¿nfO{ 9f]u]/ cfzLjf{b lng], z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{, gftfs'6'Dax¿ hDdf eO{ ef]h vfg] u5{g\ . ljz]if u/L of] kj{df t¿n vfg], 5]nf] xfGg] / /:;L tfGg] v]n Hofb} nf]slk|o 5 .

vfFbjf/Lsf] gfpF s;/L /Xof] <

vfFbjf/L ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd xf] . ef]6;Fusf] n8f`L -lj=;+= !($*_ df g]kfnL kmf}hn] ;+u|fddf k|of]u ePsf] vfF8f] -xltof/_ oxfFsf] Ps kf]v/Ldf cfO{ kvfn]sf] x'gfn] vfF8af/L eGg] gfd /xg uPsf] lyof] . To;}sf] cke|+; eO{ xfn vfFbaf/L gfd /xguPsf] xf] .

-;|f]t M :yfggfd– sf]z, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg_

dfG5]eGbf s5'jf a9L afFRb5

ljZjdf dflg;x¿ ;fnfvfnf &) b]lv *) jif{ afFRb5g\ . t/ s5'jfx¿ dflg;x¿eGbf a9L afFRb5g\ . ltgLx¿ *) jif{eGbf a9L afFRb5g\ . s5'jf !%@ jif{eGbf a9L afFr]sf] sLlt{dfg 5 .

;|f]t M sf]lnG; h]D; OG;fOSnf]k]l8of

Osf] Sna

5nkmn

uPsf] k'; dlxgfdf lrtjgdf Osf] Snasf ultljlwx¿af/] 5nkmn eof] . ljZj jGohGt' sf]ifsf tkm{af6 Osf] Snasf ;+of]hs g/]z zfSo tyf ;+rf/ clws[t c~h' >]i7 / afns'df/L xfO :s'nsf jftfj/0f lzIfs nId0f clwsf/L, :dn x]e]g :s'nsf cª\u|]hL ljifosf lzIfs /fhs'df/ dfnfsf/, afns'df/L xfo/ ;]s]08/L :s'nsf cª\u|]hL lzIfs /fhs'df/ k|wfg / /f]6/L Sna lrtjgsf k"j{ cWoIf ho/fd >]i7aLr Osf] Snasf ultljlwaf/] 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;f] 5nkmndf lrtjgdf Osf] Snasf efOalxgLx¿n] e[s'6L k]k/ P08 kNk ldN;n] u/]sf] cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0f / gf/fo0fL gbLsf] k|b"if0faf/] :ynut cWoog u/]sf], /]zd v]tLaf/] hfgsf/L lnPsf], zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] e|d0f u/]sf] / ;'s'Daf;L j:tLdf jg ;+/If0fsf af/]df r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbOof] .

lrtjgsf] gf/fo0fu9df Osf] Sna u7g ePsf :s'nx¿sf] sfo{;ldlt u7g ug]{, ;+o'Qm sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hg ug]{, jftfj/0f ljifo lzIfsx¿sf nflu tflnd sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug]{, dgsfdgf Pkm\Pd\af6 Osf] Sna sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 .

To:t}, zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qx¿df Osf] Snasf] lj:tf/ ug{ zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'Ghsf k|d'v gf/fo0f 9sfn, zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'Gh dWojtL{ If]qLo kl/ifb\sf k|d'v s]zj b]jsf]6f tyf a8{ Ph's]zg ;f];fO6Lsf ;b:ox¿l;t klg lj:t[t 5nkmn ul/of] .

kfls:tfgL 6f]nL g]kfndf

kfls:tfgdf u7g ePsf] Osf] Snasf ;b:ox¿sf] Ps 6f]nLn] xfn} lrtjgl:yt afns'df/L sGof xfO:s'n, afns'df/L pRr dflj, lrtjg af]l8{ª :s'n / :dn x]e]g xfO :s'nsf] e|d0f u/L ToxfFsf Osf] Snasf ;b:ox¿;Fu 5nkmn / xl/t pkxf/ cfbfgk|bfg u¥of] .

Osf] Sna k|ltof]lutf

tn kfFrj6f k|Zg lbOPsf 5g\ . oL k|Zgx¿sf] ;xL hjfkm lbg]nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . w]/}n] ldnfPdf uf]nfk|yfåf/f k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 . hjfkm kmfu'g @% ut];Dd d'gf sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g'kg]{5 .

!= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] nfnLu'/fF;sf] hª\unsf] s'g xf] < of] s'g If]qdf kb{5 <

@= æafpGg kf]v/L lqkGg tfnsf] lhNnfÆ eGgfn] s'g lhNnf a'lemG5 <

#= ;Ktsf]zLdf s'g–s'g gbL kb{5g\ <

$= sf7sf] 7]sLsf lglDt g]kfnsf] s'g 7fpF k|l;4 5 <

%= g]kfndf /x]sf] ljZjsf] ;aeGbf cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] tfnsf] gfd s] xf] <

yfxf kfO/fv

cDn jiff{ M jfo'd08ndf gfO6«f]hg / ;Nkm cS;fO8x¿ hnjfik;Fusf] k|ltlqmofåf/f x'g] jiff{ .

jf;nft M s'g} tf]lsPsf] lbgdf s'g} sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTj s] slt 5 eGg] b]vfpg] ljj/0f .

u6\7f3/ M c:q z:q, uf]nL af?b /fVg] 7fpF jf 3/ .

k'g?Tyfgjfb M x6L jf x6fO;s]sf] s'g} k4ltnfO{ km]l/ hfu[t ug]{ ljrf/ jf l;4fGt .

Psd]nf] M Pshgfn] lbgel/df ug{;Sg] sfd .

-;|f]t M ljleGg zAbsf]z_

| afn ;+;f/ || syf || /f]df~rs || hfgsf/L || kf7ssf cfFvfdf || lj1fg\ || sljtf || sDKo'6/ 1fg ||
.. k':ts ;dLIff .. :jf:Yo .. /dfOnf] u/f .. dnfO{ dg kb}{g .. ltd|f] k'mnaf/L .. :yfg kl/ro .. ;+jfb .. k|ltef .. d]/f] b]z .. xfd|f]] k[YjL ..
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