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cd/l;+x df=lj= kf]v/f

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sIff M & O8]g klAns, :s'n
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k|jL0fk|;fb e08f/L, sIff M ^
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ljxfg eof]

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ckf/ kGt, sIffM &
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;do

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kfqx¿ M sNkgf M Ps lzlIft dlxnf :jo+ ;]ljsf÷ dx]z M Ps lzlIft JolQm

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;Demgf M ;fyLx¿ xf] d klg ltdLx¿;Fu v]n v]N5' n .

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olQs}df

bLks M x]/, o;nfO{ nfh 5}g . sfdLsL 5f]/L xfdL 7"nf hftsf dfG5];Fu v]N5' eG5] . -km]l/ Ps kN6 xfF:5g\_ xl/ p;nfO{ ws]n]/ kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] 7fpFdf n8fO{+ lbG5 . ;Demgf ?g yfN5] k/af6 sNkgf / dx]z rf}/lt/} cfpFb} x'G5g\ . uLtfn] 5f]/Lsf] ?jfO{ ;'G5] / bf}l8+b} ToxfF cfOk'U5] . sNkgf, dx]z, uLtf ToxfF ePsf ;a} s'/f a'em\5g .

sNkgf M s] eof] ;Demgf ltdL lsg /f]PsL <

;Demgf M x]g{';\ g sfsL, ;fyLx¿ v]n]sf] b]v]/ dnfO{ klg v]Ng dg nfUof] rf}/df 3/af6 cfPF . ;fyLx¿;Fu v]N5' eg] t/ pgLx¿n] t sfdLsL 5f]/L tNnf] hftsL xfdL;Fu v]Nbf xfd|f] hft hfG5 eg]/ dnfO{ ws]n]/ vfN8f]df n8fOlbP .

uLtf M 5f]/Lsf] s'/f ;'g]/ uLtf ?g yflng .

dx]z M g?g';\ d logLx¿nfO{ ;DemfpF5' .
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xl/ M 5' sfsf .

sNkgf M To;f] eP Tof] s's'/n] 5f]Psf] vfG5f} ls .  
ls . vfb}gf}, s's'/nfO{ leq k:g lbG5f}F ls lb+b}gf} <

xl/ M d t s's'/n] 5f]Psf] vfG5' / s's'/nfO{ leq a:g klg lbG5' .

bLks M d t s's'/;Fu a;]/ vfG5' clg ;'T5' klg .

dx]z M To;f] eP s] s's'/ dfG5]eGbf 7"nf] xf]
/ <

xl/ / bLks tyf cGo ;fyLx¿ Ps :j/df eGb5g M xf]Og sfsf .

sNkgf M To;f] eP s's'/;Fu vfg, a:g, ;'Tg x'g] t/ dfG5];Fu ;'Tg, a:g, vfg gx'g] . s] ;Demgf dfG5] xf]Og, p;sf] /ut /ftf] 5}g / s] ;Demgfn] dfG5] eP/ afFRg kfpFlbgg . -xl/ bLks tyf cGo ;fyLx¿ sfnf] d'v nufpF5g\ .

xl/ M sfsL, cab]lv d slxNo} klg of] 7"nf] hftsf] of] ;fgf] hftsf] eg]/ x]nf ulb{g . bLks tyf cGo ;a}hgf k|0f ub{5g\– ca b]lv xfdL klg x]nf ub}{gf}F ;a}nfO{ plQs} 7fGb5fF} .

dx]z M xf], ltdLx¿n] s'/f /fd|/L a'em\of}+ . cab]lv xfdL ;a}n] of] s'/f k|To]s JolQmnfO{ a'emfpg'k5{ .

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5'jf5't k|yf M cGTo ug]{k5{
;a} hft hflt Ps xf}+ .

OGb' bfxfn, sIff M ^
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wgs'6f, sf]zL

d]/f] b]z g]kfn

k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] PsLs/0f u/]sf]
a'4n] zflGt NofPsf]
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d]/f] b]z g]kfn
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efg'eQm / b]jsf]6fn] ;flxTo e/]sf]
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cd/l;+x, aneb|n] /Iff u/]sf]
k|fs[lts, ;'Gb/tfn] el/Psf]
d]/f] b]z g]kfn

k|df]bk|;fb bfxfn, sIff $
k|ult df=lj= afnfh', sf7df8f}F

j}1flgs aGg] /x/

;w}F em}+ d ljBfno uPF . bf];|f] sIff xfd|f] lj1fgsf] lyof] . To;lbg lj1fg u'?n] æmagnetismÆ eGGf] kf7 k9fpg'eof] . clg of] kf7 k9\b} uof}F . u'?n] r'Das -magnet) sf] ljz]iftf atfpFb} hfg'eof] . ha u'?n] same poles repel eGg'eof] ta d]/f] dgdf Pp6f ljrf/ cfof] Tof] s] eg] olb xfdLn] Pp6f df]6/df b'O{j6f magnets Pp6f weak / csf]{ strong /fv]/ same poles ldnfPdf Tof] df]6/ u'8\g yfN5 lsgeg] pQm df]6/df magnet sf] same poles ldnfP/ /flvPsf] 5 . clg hlxn] klg same poles repel x'G5 . To;sf/0fn] df]6/ u'8\5 . o;/L d}n] l8h]n / k]6«f]nsf] cfjZostfljgf Pp6f df]6/ agfpg] lgwf] u/] h'g df]6/n] xfd|f] jftfj/0fsf] ;d]t /Iff u5{ . clg ddf Ps j}1flgs aGg] /x/ knfof] .

k'?iff]Qd d+u|ftL, sIff M ^
a|fO6 ˆo'r/ df=lj=
tLgyfgf, g}sfk, sf7df8f}+

xfdLn] ug{'5

cfhsf xfdL afnaflnsf
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lzIffsf] lbof] afNg' 5,
ufpF, kxf8 kfvfdf
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s[i0f 9'ª\ufgf, sIff &, efg'eQm,d]=df=lj=, sf7df8f}+

vft] afns

vft] afns b]Vbf ;w}+
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p;nfO{ ;fxf/f
pHofnf] of] ;+;f/ klg nfU5
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k9\g] n]Vg] cfˆgf] afn clwsf/

b]jL cfrfo{, sIff M &, u'/fF; OËln;, af]l8{Ë :s'n, n]6fË ^, df]/Ë

dnfO{ dfof nfU5

d]/f] b]z g]kfnsf] dnfO{ dfof nfU5
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d]/f] kl/jf/sf] dnfO{ dfof nfU5
d]/f ;fyLx¿sf] dnfO{ dfof nfU5

d]/f] ljBfnosf] dnfO{ dfof nfU5
dnfO{ k9fpg] u'?sf] dnfO{ dfof nfU5
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?k]z b]jsf]6f, sIff M &
gjHof]lt ljBf u[x 6Lsfk'/, s}nfnL

jfnssf] bfloTj

b]zsf] dxTjk"0f{ c+z xf] x/]s ljBfyL{
pgLx¿sf] ;fd"lxs ldngaf6 x'G5 b]zsf] pGgtL
pHhjn tf/f x'g\ afnaflnsf eljiosf
Ps dfq s0f{wf/ x'g\ pgLx¿ b]zsf
x'g\ cfhsf ljBfyL{ ef]ln b]zsf tf/f
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b]zsf] ljsf;df 5 pgLx¿s} 7"nf] e"ldsf
sf]xL aG5g dGqL, sf]xL 8S6/ t sf]xL lzlIfsf
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;a}n] dx;'; u/ b]zdf pgLx¿sf] dxTj

lk|hf kf}8]n,
lqof]u xfO{ :s'n, aQL; k'tnL

kfgL kbf{

Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf]
afbn nfUof] rf/}lt/
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kfgL k¥of] ;a}lt/

rf/}lt/ ;'g;fg 5
dflg; sf]xL b]lv+b}g
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d';nwf/] kfgL kbf{
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–;'/]Gb| ;fksf]6f, sIff M &
afns'df/L pdflj, lrtjg, gf/fo0fL

| afn ;+;f/ || syf || hfgsf/L || kf7ssf cfFvfdf || lj1fg pkGof; || v]n hut\ |
| dnfO{ dg kb}{g || sljtf || sDKo'6/ .. k':ts ;dLIff .. :jf:Yo .. /dfOnf] u/f}+ .. km"njf/L .
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