;ft efiffdf uLt ufpg] ;'dg

efOalxgL xf], uPsf] dlxgf /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf ev{/ gf} jif{ k'u]sL Ps aflnsfn] ;ft efiffdf uLt ufP/ ;a}nfO{ cfZro{df kfl/g\ . ;f] sfo{qmddf pgsf] uLt ufpg] snf / Ifdtf b]v]/ ;f+uLlts If]qdf kf/vLx¿n] pgsf] k|z+;f ub}{ eg]– olt slnn} pd]/df olt w]/} Ifdtf . o:tf] k|ltef ePsL alxgLsf] gfd xf] ;'dg If]qL .

alxgL ;'dg a'6jnsf] cS;kmf]8{ Oª\uln; af]l8{Ë :s'ndf sIff % df k9\l5g\ . pgn] ^ jif{sf] pd]/b]lv g} uLt / ;ª\uLtdf ?lr /fVg yfn]sL x'g\ . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf pgsf] cfkm}+n] ufPsf uLtx¿sf] ;ª\u|x …kfOnf a9\b}5Ú ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . o; ;ª\u|xleq pgsf] cfw'lgs, kk / zf:qLo ;a} vfnsf uLtx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . olt ;fg} pd]/df pgsf uLtx¿sf] PNad g} tof/ x'g' pgsf] k|ltefsf] kl/rfos xf] .

ljleGg efiffdf uLt ufpg / ahfpg vlKk; ;'dg ;fg}b]lv :j/;d|f6\ gf/fo0fuf]kfn / ef/tLo uflosf ntf dª\u];s/sf uLtx¿ ;'g]/ k|efljt l5g\ . pgL;Fu g]kfnL, cª\u|]hL, lxGbL, yf¿, ef]hk'/L, a+uffnL / c;fdL efiffdf uLt ufpg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 .

alxgL ;'dgn] ljut tLg jif{b]lv u'? s[i0f 36fgL;Fu uLt÷;ª\uLt l;Sb} cfPsL 5g\ . pgn] o; If]qdf nfu]/ y'k|} k'/:sf/x¿ klg k|fKt ul/;s]sL 5g\ . afns}sfnb]lv uLt / ;ª\uLtdf nfu] klg pgsf] k9fO ;fx|} /fd|f] /x]sf] s'/f pgsf a'af xL/f If]qL atfpF5g\ . eljiodf Ps ;kmn uflosf aGg' pgsf] hLjgsf] nIo /x]sf] 5 .

s]jnsf] sDKo'6/ snf

efOalxgL xf], ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5 ls 5}g, clxn] sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u x/]s If]qdf lbg–lbg} a9\b} uPsf] 5 . sDKo'6/sf] ;xfotflagf dflg;n] sfd g} ug{ g;Sg] eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ltdLx¿n] klg clxn]b]lv g} sDKo'6/ lzIff lnO/x]sf xf]nfpm . t/ ltdLx¿ h:t} Pp6f ;fgf] efO, hf] ev{/ cf7 jif{ dfq k'u]sf 5g\ pgsf] sDKo'6/ rnfpg] ;Lk b]v]/ ;a} 5Ss k5{g\ . tL efOsf] gfd xf]– s]jn/fh vltj8f .

efO s]jn sf7df8f}+sf] afF;af/Ldf /x]sf] rfFbafu :s'ndf sIff ! df k9\5g\ . olt slnn} pd]/df pgL sDKo'6/df a;]/ j8{ -World_, ljG8f] -Window_, PS;]n -Excel_ k|f]u|fdx¿ rnfpg ;S5g\ . tL k|f]u|fdx¿sf] dxTj klg hfGb5g\ . olt dfq xf]Og pgL OG6/g]6
-Internet_ / Od]n -E-mail_ k|of]u u/]/ cd]l/sfdf /x]sf cfˆgf cfdfaf;Fu ;lhn} s'/fsfgL / lr7L cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ u5{g\ . pgsf] 6fOlkª j]u klg lgs} /fd|f] /x]sf] s'/f pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:o atfpF5g\ .

a'af 8f= g/xl/ vltj8f / cfdf uLtf vltj8fsf ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf hlGdPsf s]jnsf] ?lr ;fg} pd]/b]lv /f]af]6 agfpg] /x]sf] 5 . oxL ?lrn] ubf{ pgsf] sDKo'6/ rnfpg] afgL k/]sf] xf] . kmn:j¿k olt slnn} pd]/df sDKo'6/sf oL s'/fx¿ pgn] l;s]sf x'g\ . sDKo'6/ rnfpg afx]s km';{bsf] ;dodf lqms]6, r];, Aof8ldG6g v]Ng ?rfpg] efO s]jnn] k9fOdf klg clxn];Dd ;w}+ k|yd ePsf] s'/f xfdLnfO{ atfP .

lrqsnf k|ltof]lutf

lb /fOlhª lqmP6/sf] cfof]hgfdf gjHof]lt k':tsfno tD;l/ofsf] ;+of]hg / lb /fOlhª lqmP6/ gjnk/f;L zfvfsf] ;lqmotfdf …k|s[lt / xfdL zLif{sÚ sf] afn lrqsnf k|ltof]lutf eof] . pQm k|ltof]lutfdf l;4fy{ af]l8{ª :s'n, sfjf;f]tLsf k|]daxfb'/ sfsL{ k|yd, 1fgf]bo dfljsf kLtfDa/ ltldlN;gf låtLo / l;4fy{ af]l8{ª :s'n sfjf;f]tLs} c~hln k'g t[tLo ePsf lyP .

o;}u/L l;4fy{ af]l8{Ë :s'nsf uf]ljGb u'?ª / gjhfu/0f pdfljsf k|ult s'Fj/n] ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . k|ltof]lutfdf gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf gf} ljBfnosf @! 5fq5fqfn] efu lnPsf lyP .

jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf

lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt wflbªn] …afnclwsf/ / o;sf r'gf}tLÚ ljifodf efOalxgLx¿ dfem jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng] efOalxgLx¿dWo] l;4]Zj/ dflj gnfªsf efO /fdz/0f /]UdL k|yd ePsf lyP . o;}u/L gLns07 pdfljsL alxgL hfg'sf vgfn låtLo / r08]Zj/L dflj lgufnkfgLsf efO /d]z cfrfo{ t[tLo ePsf lyP . o:t}, ;fª\sf]; dfljsf efO /d]z nfld5fg] / vNaf; dfljsL alxgL bLkf nf]xgLn] ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . k|ltof]lutfdf cf7 ljBfnosf efOalxgLx¿n] efu lnPsf lyP .

afnsljtf tyf uLt k|ltof]lutf

g]kfnsf] k"jL{ lhNnf ;'g;/Lsf] O6x/Ldf gu/ If]qsf ljleGg ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;xeflutfdf cGt/ ljBfno:t/Lo afnsljtf tyf uLt k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . pQm k|ltof]lutfdf ljsf; sfsL{ k|yd, lxdfn bfxfn låtLo / /fhg e§/fO{ t[tLo ePsf lyP . o:t} ;l/tf e'h]nnfO{ ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

k|ltof]lutfdf ljhoL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ c/lgsf] snf k|lti7fg g]kfnsf cWoIf rGb|dl0f bfxfnn] k'/:sf/ tyf k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

k|:t'lt M k'ik

jif{sf afns

efOalxgL xf] , d]xgt / nugsf] kmn dL7f] x'G5 . clxn] o:t} dL7f] kmnsf] :jfb rfv]/ a;]sf 5g\ – Pln; >]i7, gjLg ljZjsdf{, /fh' clwsf/L / zLtn df]Qmfg efOalxgLx¿ .

oL efOalxgLx¿nfO{ jL/ u0f]zdfg l;+x afnk|ltef k'/:sf/ sf]ifn] o; jif{sf] …jif{sf afnsÚ eg]/ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . x/]s jif{ l;h{gf, v]ns'b, lj1fg, ;fxl;s sfo{ / ljljw If]qdf clw/fHoel/sf ljnIf0f afn–k|ltefx¿nfO{ of] k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/G5 . o; jif{ v]ns'bdf Pln; >]i7, lj1fgdf gjLg ljZjsdf{, l;h{gfdf /fh' clwsf/L / ljljw If]qdf zLtn df]Qmfg 5gf]6 ePsf 5g\ .

v]ns'btkm{sf] k'/:sf/ lhTg] Pln; >]i7 afaf cfjf;Lo dflj, rfalxndf sIff !) df k9\5g\ . pgsf] v]n kf}8L xf] . 3/–kl/jf/sf] k|]/0ffn] ;fg}b]lv pgn] kf}8L v]n v]Ng yfn]sf x'g\ . pgn] y'k|} /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o k'/:sf/x¿ o; v]ndfkm{t\ lhlt;s]sf 5g\ . %), !)) / @)) dL= df /fli6«o sLlt{dfg sfod u/]/ slnn} pd]/df pgn] cfˆgf] Ifdtfsf] k|bz{g ul/;s]sf 5g\ . xfn pgL gjf}+ ;fkm v]nsf] clGtd ;xefuLsf] ¿kdf 5gf]6 eO{ aGb k|lzIf0f lzlj/df /xL k|lzIf0f lnO/x]sf 5g\ .

gd'gf x]lnsf]K6/ agfPafkt gjLgn] lj1fg tkm{sf] k'/:sf/ kfPsf x'g\ . !# jif{s} pd]/df ljB'taf6 rNg] gd'gf x]lnsf]K6/ agfP/ pgn] ;a}nfO{ 5Ss kf/]sf lyP . lhn]6 pdflj sflndf6Ldf sIff # df pgL k9\5g\ . xfn sf7df8f}+df k9b} u/] klg pgL b'u{d kxf8L lhNnf ?s'd d'l;sf]6 lkkn]6fdf hlGdPsf x'g\ .

l;h{gfdf 5flgPsf /fh' clwsf/L ;"of]{bo cfjf;Lo dflj, wf]jLwf/f, sf7df8f}+df sIff & df k9\b}5g\ . km';{b ldNof] ls sljtf n]Vg /dfpFbf /dfpFb} pgsf b'O{j6f sljtf ;ª\u|x k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . …l;h{gfÚ / …5l/Psf afbnx¿Ú pgsf b'O{ sljtf ;ª\u|xsf gfd x'g\ . l5§} csf]{ sljtf ;ª\u|x klg pgsf] k|sflzt x'Fb}5 . /fh' l;h{gfdf dfq xf]Og k9fOdf klg ;wF} k|yd x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

o:t} ljljw If]qdf zLtn df]Qmfg 5flgPsL l5g\ . pgsf] If]q ;ª\uLt xf] . ;ª\uLtdf pgL Ejfolng v'a} /fd|f];Fu ahfpFl5g\ . pgn] Ejfolng ahfPsf b]Vtf ;ª\uLtsf kf/vLx¿ ;d]t crDd dfG5g\ . Ejfolng kl5 ls= af]8{, lutf/ pgL ahfpFl5g\ . clego / jSt[Tjsnfdf klg ?lr /fVg] zLtn Uofn]S;L klAns :s'ndf sIff !) df k9\b}l5g\ .

oL efOalxgLx¿nfO{ …jif{sf afnsÚ pkflw kfP/ k'/:s[t ePsf] va/ kfpFbf s:tf] nfUof] < eGg] k|Zg ubf{ Pln; eG5g\ – æk'/:sf/ d}n] g} kfpF5' h:tf] nfu]s} lyPg, t/ cfˆgf] gfd ;'g]kl5 ;fx|} v';L ePF .Æ

To:t} /fh' clwsf/L – xif{sf] ;Ldf g} /x]g eG5g\ . zLtn rflxF cfZro{ / xif{ b'j} nfu]sf] cg['ej atfpFl5g\ . cfˆgf] 3/ ?s'dlt/ uPsfn] k'/:sf/ 3f]if0ffkl5 gjLg;Fu s'/f ug{ kfOPg .

k'/:s[t efOalxgLx¿nfO{ r}t @^ ut] hgcfGbf]ng lbj;sf] lbg @% xhf/ gub / u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] k|ltdf k|bfg u/]/ ;Ddfg ul/g]5 .

…d]/f] b]z d]/f] uf}/jÚ

lj=;+= @)%* c;f]h cÍdf k|sflzt …d]/f] b]z d]/f] uf}/jÚ df k|sflzt sljlz/f]dl0f n]vgfy d]/f] b]z d]/f] uf}/j

k|fs[lts ;DklQdf g]kfn lgs} wgL 5 . oxfF y'k|} tfn–tn}of 5g\ . ljZjsf k|d'v lxdfnx¿ g]kfndf g} k5{g\ . r/fr'¿ËL, hgfj/df klg g]kfn lgs} wgL 5 . oL k|fs[lts ;DklQ g]kfnsf uf}/j x'g\ .

o;kfln df5fk'5«|] lxdfnsf] af/]df n]Vg lbOPsf] 5 . df5fk'R5«|]af/] efOalxgLx¿nfO{ s] yfxf 5 < Ps;o zAbdf ga9fO{ k'; @% ut]leq d'gf sfof{nodf k'Ug] u/L k7fpg" . /fd|f] n]Vg]dWo] PshgfnfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . 7]ufgf t yfxf g} 5, x]fOg <

kf}8\ofnsf af/]df k7fpg]dWo] k'/:s[t /rgf–

slj lz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8\ofnsf] hGd u08sL c~rn sf:sL lhNnfsf] c3f}{ cr{n] eGg] 7fpFdf lj=;+= !($! kf}if z'Sn PsfbzLsf lbg ePsf] lyof] . pgsf a'afsf] gfd kl08t b'uf{bQ kf}8]n / cfdfsf] gfd j;'Gw/f kf}8]n xf] . n]vgfyn] 3/d} r08L / cd/sf]z k9L k|f/lDes lzIff ;'? ug'{eof] . ;ft jif{sf] pd]/b]lv g} efg'eQmsf sljtfnfO{ efsf xfn]/ n]vgfyn] k9\g] ug'{x'GYof] . !% jif{sf] pd]/df n]vgfy sf7df8f}+ cfO{ tLgwf/f kf7zfnfdf egf{ x'g'eof] . To; kf7zfnfdf ;+:s[tsf] cWoog u/L ;+:s[td} sljtf n]Vg yfNg'eof] . agf/;af6 k|sflzt x'g] …sNkb|'dÚ / …;'Gb/LÚ klqsfdf pgsf sljtfx¿ 5flkPsf lyP .

n]vgfysf] k|ltef b]v]/ /fddl0f cf=bL= v'a} k|efljt ePsf lyP . /fddl0fs} dfWodaf6 n]vgfy b/af/ k;]/ eLd zdz]/sf gfltx¿nfO{ k9fpg] lzIfs lgo'Qm x'g' eof] . hLljsfsf] nflu /f0ffx¿sf] cf>odf a:g' k/] klg n]vgfyn] /f0ff zf;gsf] pTkL8gaf6 kLl8t eO{ Joª\Uo ub}{ …lkFh8fsf] ;'ufÚ sljtf n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] .

…Ct'ljrf/Ú, …a'l4ljgf]bÚ, …;Tosln ;+jfbÚ, …nflnTo efu ! / @Ú, …uLtf~hlnÚ, …t?0ftk;LÚ, …uËfuf}/LÚ / …nIdLk"hfÚ cflb cd/ s[ltx¿ xfdLdfem pgn] lbP/ uPsf 5g\ . pgnfO{ @))* ;fndf …sljlz/f]dl0fÚ kbn] ;Ddflgt ul/of] . @)!! ;fn k'; @) ut] pgsf] hGdf]T;jsf lbg pgnfO{ /ydf /fvL /yofqf u/L 6'Fl8v]nsf] v/Lsf] af]6df clegGbg klg ul/of] . @)@@ ;fn kmfNu'g & ut] lzj/flqsf lbg lrtjgsf] b]j3f6df n]vgfysf] b]xfj;fg eof] . d/0ff]k|fGt n]vgfy kf}8\ofnnfO{ @)@^ ;fndf …lqe'jg k'/:sf/Ú k|bfg u/L ;Ddflgt ul/of] .

gjLg zfx, sIff M *
b['uf{ dflj= u|fd dg/f – $

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