3f]8fsf] ljsf;qmd

efOalxgL xf] Û ltdLx¿n] kSsf klg 3f]8f b]v]s} x'g'k5{ . g]kfnsf sltko 7fpFdf cem} klg Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfFbf 3f]8f r9]/ hfg'kg]{ cj:Yff 5 . klxn] klxn] n8f`Lsf] a]nfdf klg 3f]8fsf] pkof]u ul/GYof] . cr]n v]ndf 3f]8fnfO{ k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . ltdLx¿nfO{ ;Demgf xf]nf, sf7df8f}+df t k|To]s jif{ 3f]8f bf}8fP/ 3f]8]hfqf g} dgfOG5 .

o;/L dflg;sf] hLjgdf o'4 / zflGt b'a} a]nfdf sfddf cfpg] 3f]8fsf] ljsf; qmdaf/] s]xL yfxf kfpg] xf]Og t <

sNkgf u/f}+ t, cfheGbf s/f]8f}+ jif{ klxn]sf] 3f]8f s:tf] lyof] xf]nf < cr]n xfdLn] b]Vg] u/]sf] eGbf cUnf] lyof] ls xf]rf] < ;fgf] lyof] ls 7"nf] < k[YjLdf slxn]b]lv 3f]8f b]lvgyfn]sf] xf] <

hLjfjz]ifsf] cWoogaf6 k[YjLdf cfheGbf em08} ;f9] kfFr s/f]8 jif{ klxn] 3f]8f b]vfk/]sf] kQf] nfu]sf] 5 . hLjfjz]if eg]sf] ef}ule{s Oltxf;sf] s'g} ;dodf r§fgdf ;'/lIft /x]sf] jg:klt, hLjhGt' jf ltgLx¿sf] s'g} efu xf] .

k[YjLdf klxnf]k6s b]vfk/]sf] 3f]8f cfh h:tf] 7"nf] lyPg . To;a]nfsf 3f]8f clxn] xfdLn] b]Vg]u/]sf s's'/eGbf 7"nf x'Fb}gy] . of] !) b]lv !&–!* O~r hlt dfq cUnf] x'GYof] . j}1flgsx¿n] To;a]nfsf 3f]8fnfO{ xfO/fsf]lyl/od (hyracotherium) gfd lbPsf 5g\ . xfO/fsf]lyl/odsf] cufl8sf v'§fdf rf/–rf/ tyf k5fl8sf v'§fdf tLg–tLg cf}+nf x'Gy] . oL 3f]8fx¿ hª\undf a:y] . o'/f]kdf s]xL 7fpFdf xfO/fsf]lyl/od elgg] 3f]8fsf] cjz]if kfOPsf] lyof] .

tLg s/f]8 ;ft nfv jif{ klxn] kfOg] 3f]8fsf] cfsf/ xfO/fsf]lyl/odeGbf cUnf] lyof] . o;nfO{ ldhf]lxKk; (mesohippus) elgGYof] . o; cjlwdf 3f]8fx¿ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;fO{+ ;/] . df};ddf ePsf] kl/jt{g, a:g] 7fpFdf ePsf] kl/jt{g cflbn] 3f]8fsf] :j¿kdf klg kl/jt{g eof] . xfO/fsf]lyl/odsf] cufl8sf] v'§fdf rf/–rf/j6f cf}+nf /x]sf]df ldhf]lxKk;sf] tLg–tLgj6f dfq lyof] . v'§fs} kl/jlt{t :j¿ksf sf/0f xfO/fsf]lyl/odeGbf ldhf]lxKk; l56f] bf}8g ;SYof] .

Ps s/f]8 &) nfv jif{ klxn] kfOg] 3f]8f s/La Ps ld6/ cUnf] lyof] . cr]n xfdLn] b]Vg] u/]sf] uwf hlQs} cUnf] . of] 3f]8fnfO{ d]/LlsKk; (merychippus) elgGYof] . pQ/L cd]l/sfdf d]/LlsKk; 3f]8f kfOPsf] lyof] . d]/LlsKk; 3f]8fsf] cUnfOdf dfq kl/jt{g ePg, o;sf] afgL–Joxf]/fdf klg kl/jt{g eof] . ;dtn efudf a:g] d]/LlsKk; 3f]8fx¿ ayfgdf /xgyfn] . logLx¿sf] bfFtsf] :j¿kdf ePsf] kl/jt{g:j¿k s8f / v;|f 3fF; klg rkfpg;Sg] eP . d]/LlsKk; Ps s/f]8 &) nfv jif{b]lv Ps s/f]8 !) nfv jif{;Dd kfOPsf] klg cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .

3f]8fsf] ljsf; qmddf d]/LlsKk;kl5 b]vfk/]sf] 3f]8f xf] lKncf]lxKk; (pliohippus) . lKncf]lxKk; 3f]8f k[YjLdf Ps s/]f8 @) nfv jif{cl3b]lv ^) nfv jif{cl3;Dd kfOGYof] . cd]l/sfsf ljleGg efudf lKncf]lxKk; 3f]8fsf hLjfjz]if kfOPsf 5g\ . o;} ;dodf s]xL 3f]8f Pl;oflt/ klg nfu] . ptf, pQ/ cd]l/sfdf 3f]8fsf] :j¿kdf kl/jt{g eP/ clGtd ¿k lnof] . 3f]8fsf] v'§fdf cf}+nfx¿ b]lvg5f8] / o;n] v'/sf] ¿k lnof] .

cr]n b]lvg] ul/Psf] h:tf] 3f]8f cfheGbf s/La #) nfv jif{ klxn] k[YjLdf b]vfk/]sf] xf] . o;nfO} j}1flgsx¿n] OSj"; (equus) eg]/ gfd lbPsf 5g\ . 3f]8fsf] ljsf;qmddf of] ;a}eGbf cUnf] lyof] . o;sf v'§fx¿ nfdf–nfdf lyP . z/L/ df]6f] / rf}8f b]lvgyflnof] . o;/L lj:tf/ lj:tf/ 3f]8fsf] :j¿kdf kl/jt{g eP/ cfhsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] xf] .

hxfF;Dd dflg; / 3f]8fsf] ;DaGw 5, of] s/La %) xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] 5 . ;'?;'?df dflg;x¿n] 3f]8fnfO{ df/]/ vfg]uy]{ . kl5 kfNt" 3f]8fnfO{ ;fdfg cf];fg]{ sfddf klg nufOgyflnof] .

-;|f]t M OG6/g]zgn Do'lhod ckm b x;]{;_

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