cft+sjfb M g]kfnlj?4 ef/tLo e"ldsf] k|of]u

– nId0f clwsf/L

k]Daf kqmfp k¥of]. /fhwfgLdf lj:kmf]6 u/fO{ cft+s dRrfpg] sfo{ klg layf]lnof]. k|wfgdGqLsf] ef/t e|d0fsf] k"j{;GWofdf sf7df8f}+df lj:kmf]6 u/fpg] p2]Zon] 7"nf] dfqfdf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ af]s]/ cfPsf] k]DafnfO{ sfd kmQ] gx'"b} k|x/Ln] ‘‰ofk’ kf¥of]. /fhwfgL k'lu;s]sf] k]DafnfO{ $ ;o $) u|fd lj:kmf]6s kbfy{;lxt kqmfp u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbL ;+u7gleq ;g;gL km}lnof].

/fd]5fk lgjf;L k]Dafn] cfkm"n] ;f] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ef/tsf] pQ/k|b]zaf6 NofPsf] aofg cg';Gwfg 6f]nLnfO{ lbof]. p;sf] aofgcg';f/ pQ/ k|b]zsf] PS;Knf]l;e lnld6]8 sDkgLaf6 ;f] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ NofOPsf] xf] / p;nfO{ ef/tl:yt dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?n] sf7df8f}+ / /fd]5fkdf k'¥ofpg k7fPsf x'g\. o;} l;nl;nfdf sf“s8le§fsf] a;af6 of] zlQmzfnL lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ uf]Ko?kdf af]s]/ /fhwfgL l5b}{ lyof].

g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLsf] ef/t e|d0fsf a]nf ‘cft+sjfb’ lgoGq0f klg Pp6f d'Vo Ph]08fsf ?kdf /x]sf] / g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cft+sjfb eGgfn] dfcf]jfbLx?n] ef/tdf ;+ul7t eO{ g]kfndf lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngdf ;l/s x'g' g} xf]. csf]{lt/ ef/tn] g]kfndf sflZd/L k[ystfjfbL / cfO{P;cfO{sf ef/tlj/f]wL ultljlw al9/x]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf] 5. o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|wfgdGqLsf] e|d0fsf cj;/df x'g] jftf{df ‘cft+sjfb lgoGq0f’ ;DaGwL Ph]08f /fVg s]xL xKtfcl3 g]kfn–ef/tsf u[x ;lrjx? ;xdt ePsf lyP, h'g s'/f dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ dg k/]sf] lyPg. To;}n] e|d0fsf] k"j{;GWofdf /fhwfgLdf lj:kmf]6 u/fO{ cfqmf]z JoQm ug]{ k|of; ul/b} lyof].

g]kfn ef/taLrsf] v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f clxn] b'j} b]zdf cft+sjfbLnufot ljljw ;d:ofx? j[l4 x'"b} uPsf 5g\. sl/a ! c/a hg;+Vof ePsf] ljzfn ef/t;"u # lt/ ;Ldf hf]l8Psf] ;fgf] d'n's g]kfnn] ef/tn] eGbf a9L ;d:ofx? ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] 5. o;} ;Gbe{df g]kfn–ef/tsf] v'nf ;LdfnfO{ lgoldt tyf lgolGqt ug'{kg]{ s'/f hg:t/af6 ;d]t pl7/x]sf] 5.

g]kfnlj?4 ef/tLo e"ldsf] k|of]u

x'g t ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ kfls:tfgL u'Ktr/ ;+:yf / sfZdL/L k[ystfjfbLx?sf] ultljlw a9\g lbPsf], g]kfnaf6 ef/tlt/ xftxltof/ ;KnfO x'g] h:tf] cf/f]kx? nufO/x]sf] 5. s'g} b]zsf] gful/s cfkmgf b'?:t sfuhftsf cfwf/df lgodk"j{s csf]{ b]zdf uP/ a:g' c;fdfGo s'/f xf]Og. To:tf] dflg; u'Ktr/ klg x'g ;S5. t/ Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf u}/sfg'gL ?kdf xltof/ ;KnfO x'g' c;fdfGo xf] / g]kfnaf6 ef/tlt/ xltof/ ;KnfO x'g] ;Defjgf klg 5}g.

;}lgsx?n] k|of]u ug]{ lu|g]8 M dfcf]jfbLx?sf lgldt ef/taf6 cfPsf zlQmzfnL lu|g]8x? .

g]kfn cfkm" xftxltof/sf] pTkfbs /fi6« xf]Og / s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xltof/sf] l8n/ klg 5}g. g]kfndf sfdLsf] cf/gdf aGg] ;fdfGo aGb's klg u}/sfg'gL xf]. zfxL ;]gfn] cfkmgf nflu cflwsfl/s ?kdf s]xL xltof/ agfp"5 t/ Tof] Aof/]saf6 aflx/ cfp"b}g. g]kfnsf] pQ/L ;Ldf cToGt} s8f ePsfn] ;/sf/L:t/df afx]s Totfaf6 xltof/ g]kfn cfpg] klg ;Defjgf 5}g. xjfO{ dfu{af6 xltof/ cfpg] ;Defjgf g} x'"b}g. To;f] eP g]kfndf xltof/ sxf“af6 cfp“5 t <

g]kfndf cfpg] u}/sfg'gL xft– xltof/sf] ;|f]t ef/tlt/sf] nfdf] / v'nf l;dfgf g} xf]. ef/taf6 g]kfndf u}/sfg'gL ?kdf xftxltof/ cfO/x]sf] / g]kfndf lg/Gt /?kdf lx+;fTds ultljlw al9/x]sf] 5. clxn] dfcf]jfbLx?n] k|of]u ul//x]sf xltof/x?sf] ;|f]t -hgtf / k|x/L;"u vf]l;Psf s]xL xltof/afx]s_ ef/t g} ePsf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLx?n] k|of]u u/]sf xltof/sf] cWoog ul//x]sf k|x/L clwsf/Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\. ef/taf6 cfPsf] xltof/ g]kfnsf] lx+;fTds ultljlwdf k|of]u eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnaf6 km]l/ ef/tlt/} xltof/ hfg] s'/} x'"b}g. t/ klg ef/t blIf0f Pl;ofsf] zlQmzfnL /fi6« ePsf] / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df g} ;~rf/dfWodsf] kx'"r ePsf]n] pgLx?sf] PstkmL{ k|rf/sf] df/df g]kfn lklN;O/x]sf] 5. jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] g]kfnsf] cft+ssf/L ultljlwdf ef/tLo e"ld cTolws ?kdf k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;Ldf If]qdf ef/tLox?n] cfk/flws ultljlw klg a9fO/x]sf 5g\ / o;sf] Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f g]kfn–ef/taLrsf] v'nf l;dfgf klg xf].

dfcf]jfbLx?n] v'Nnf l;dfgfsf] b'?kof]u ub}{ ef/taf6 NofPsf] uf]nLx?, ad k/LIf0f ug]{ dN6L  ld6/ lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ /flvPsf] k|];/ s's/ ad, ;s]6 ad, tf/fx? / cGo ;fwgx?

g]kfndf eO/x]sf] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] lx+;fTds ultljlwsf] k"jf{wf/ ef/tLo e"lddf g} tof/ eO/x]sf] 5 eg] xftxltof/ klg ef/tlt/af6} cfO/x]sf] 5. ef/tLo ;Ldf k|x/Ln] ;Ldf v's'nf] u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbL / dflkmof tyf t:s/x?n] g]kfnlt/ xltof/ t:s/L u5{g\.

dfcf]jfbLsf xltof/ sxf“af6 cfp"5g\<

k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no sfo{ ljefusf P;P;kL cd/l;+x zfxsf cg';f/ g]kfndf cft+ssf/L ultljlw ug]{ dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ;Dks{ ef/tsf] ljxf/df /x]sf dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/, cfGb| k|b]zsf] lkk'N; af/ u|'k / cf;fdsf] pNkmf gfds cft+ssf/L kf6L{x?;"u ePsf] s'/f k|dfl0ft 8s'd]G6 g} kfOPsf] 5. dfcf]jfbL ultljlwsf] ;'/lIft / pj{/ e"ld ef/t g} ePsf] 5, ef/tn] rfxg] xf] eg] t'?Gt} /f]Sg ;lsG5. P;P;kL zfxsf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLx?sf] xftxltof/ / ;}Go tflnd ef/td} eO/x]sf] 5 eg] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ k|of]u ug]{, xftxltof/ lgdf{0f / k|of]u;DaGwL tflnd klg ef/td} eO/x]sf] 5. ef/tsf cft+sjfbL sDo'lgi6 ;+u7g– x?;"u ldn]/ ef/tLo e"lddf g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx?n] pQm sfo{x? ul//x]sf eGg] 8s'd]G6x? g} kfOPsf 5g\. pxf“sf cg';f/ xfn dfcf]jfbLx?n] k|of]u ul//x]sf xftxltof/x? s8{, _o'h, uf]nL, af?b cflb ef/taf6} cfO{ pgLx?sf] xftdf k'u]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5.

ef/taf6 sRrf kbfy{ NofO{ g]kfndf dfcf]jfbLx?n] agfP/ hldgdf uf8]sf -PDa'; yk]sf]_ kfOk adx?   k|x/L¢f/f a/fdb ul/+b}

Psflt/ ef/tLo pu|jfbLx?n] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ;}Go tflnd, xftxltof/ tflnd / xltof/ pknAw u/fO/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ ef/tLo ahf/df P;Pncf/, y|Lg6 / Ps] $& ;Ddsf xltof/ ;lhn} lsGg ;lsg] ePsfn] g]kfn–ef/t v'nf l;dfgfsf] k|of]u u/L ef/taf6 g]kfnlt/ lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ / xltof/ cfO/x]sf] 5. csf]{lt/ ;Ldf If]qdf t:s/L / cGo ck/fw ug]{ dflkmof ;d"xx?n] klg dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ xftxltof/ pknAw u/fO/x]sf 5g\.

k|x/L pRr ;"q eG5– ‘dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ;'? ePkl5 ef/tLo e"ldaf6 xftxltof/ ;KnfO x'g,] ;}Go tflnd x'g] h:tf ultljlw yfxf x'gf;fy xfdLn] af]8{/ lgoGq0f ug'{k5{ eg]/ ;'emfj lbPsf lyof}+, t/ ;/sf/n] To;sf] jf:tf u/]g .’

ef/taf6} dfcf]jfbLx?sf] lgldt NofOPsf /fOkmn ug, k]:tf]n / b'/ljgx?

ef/tLox?åf/f g]kfndf eO/x]sf ck/fw

o:t}u/L v'nf l;dfgfsf] b'?kof]u u/L ef/tLox?n] g]kfndf ljleGg cfk/flws ultljlw ul//x]sf 5g\. cGo If]qdf eGbf ;Ldf If]qdf cfk/flws ultljlw a9L x'g] u/]sf] / o:tf ck/fwdf ef/tLox?sf] e"ldsf a9L x'g] u/]sf] s'/f g]kfn k|x/L ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefusf P;P;kL ljho/fh e§ atfpg'x'G5. pxf“sf cg';f/ ;Ldf If]qdf x'g] ck/fwx?df 8s}tL, ckx/0f, nfu"cf}ifwsf] sf/f]af/, r]nLa]6L a]rljvg, xltof/ tyf v/vhgf, hfnL gf]6 / xTof g} d'Vo x'g\.

;Ldf If]qdf x'g] ck/fwsf] tYof+s ljZn]if0f ub}{ P;P;kL e§n] eGg'eof]– g]kfndf x'g] ckx/0fsf clwsf+z 36gfdf ef/tLox?sf] ;+nUgtf 5 eg] ;Ldf If]qdf x'g] 8s}tLdf *) k|ltzteGbf a9L 36gfdf ef/tLox?sf] ;+nUgtf ePsf] kfOPsf] 5. 8s}tLsf 36gf d'Vot M df]/ª, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, wg'iff, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, ?kGb]xL, slknj:t' cflbdf 5g\ eg] ckx/0fsf 36gf k;f{df ;a}eGbf a9L 5g\. To;kl5 /f}tx6, af/f / hgsk'/df klg b]lvPsf] 5. pxf“sf cg';f/ g]kfnLx?af6 ;Ldf If]qdf ckx/0f b]lvPsf] 5}g.

ckx/0fsf 36gfdf ef/tLonfO{ ef/tLon] g} ckx/0f u/L g]kfndf Nofpg] / g]kfnLnfO{ ckx/0f u/L ef/tlt/ nfg] ul/G5. o:tf 36gf ;Ldf If]qdf cTolws ?kdf al9/x]sf] eP tfklg k|x/LnfO{ va/ gu/L cleefjsn] lkm/f}tL a'emfP/ kmsf{pg] u/]sfn] ckx/0fsf 36gf k|x/L /]s8{df yf]/} b]lvG5 / g]kfndf NofPsf 36gfdf k|x/Ln] va/ kfPdf 5'6fP/ lkmtf{ ug]{ u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5.

clxn] 7"nf] ;d:ofsf ?kdf /x]sf] r]nLa]6L a]rljvgsf] ck/fw lgoGq0f gx'g'df v'nf l;dfgf klg Pp6f sf/0f ePsf] s'/f ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefusf clwsf/Lx? atfp"5g\. g]kfnLx? / ef/tLox?sf] ;+nUgtfdf x'g] of] ck/fw lgoGq0fsf nflu klg af]8{/ lgoldt ug'{kg]{ pgLx?sf] /fo 5. vf;u/L kxf8L If]qsf o'jtLx?nfO{ g]kfnL bnfnx?n] nfg] u/]sf 5g\ eg] t/fO{ If]qsf o'jtL n}hfg]df ef/tLox?sf] ;+nUgtf b]lvG5. o:t} /fhwfgLdf un}+rf sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{x?nfO{ g]kfnLx?n] / uf/d]G6\; sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ g]kfnL o'jtLx?nfO{ ef/tLo bnfnx?n] k|]d ljjfx tyf ef/tsf] csf]{ /fd|f] sf/vfgfdf sfd nufOlbg] axfgfdf g]kfnL o'jtLx?nfO{ ef/tdf n}hfg] / j]Zofnodf a]Rg] u/]sf] s'/f ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5. t/ k|foM o:tf 36gfdf bfaLsf ;fy ph'/L kg{ cfpb}g. x/fof] eGg];Dd sxL+ ph'/L kg{ ;S5.

ef/t lt/sf] v'nf ;Ldfgfaf6 ca}w ?kdf NofOPsf xltof/sf] k|of]u u/L dfcf]jfbLx?n] xfqmd0f ubf{ lg:s]sf] ljeT; kl/0ffd

o:t} klZrd t/fO{ If]qsf ?kGb]xL, slknj:t', bfª cflb lhNnfsf o'jtLx?nfO{ v]tLsf] l;hgdf -vf;u/L wfg /f]Kg_ sfdsf nflu eg]/ ef/tLo bnfnx? cfO{ ;d"x–;d"xdf nfg] u/]sf 5g\ tLdWo] sof}+ o'jtLx? #–$ jif{b]lv 3/ gkmls{Psf] a'lemPsf] 5. o:t} klZrd g]kfnsf gfafnsx?nfO{ klg ef/tLo bnfnx?n] k|nf]egdf kf/L ;d"x–;d"xdf ef/tlt/ nfg] u/]sf 5g\. o:tf s]6fs]6Lx? aw'"jf dhb'/ tyf 3/]n' gf]s/sf ?kdf / sf]xLnfO{ c+u a]rljvgsf nflu ;d]t k|of]u ul/g] atfOG5.

g]kfn–ef/t v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f ;Ldf If]qdf cfly{s ck/fw klg lgs} x'g] u/]sf] 5. t];|f] d'n'saf6 cfoft ul/Psf j:t' -k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cflb_ ef/tdf eGbf g]kfndf ;:tf] x'gf;fy ef/tlt/ rf]/L lgsf;L x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] ef/tdf pTkflbt ;fdfgx? klg g]kfnlt/ tZs/L x'g] u/]sf] 5.

ef/tLo gful/sx?n] v'nf l;dfgfsf] kmfObf p7fO{ g]kfndf ljleGg h3Go ck/fwx? klg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 k|fKt ut # jif{sf] tYof+s x]bf{ lgDg lsl;dsf ck/fw ef/tLo gful/sx?af6
eO{ cbfntaf6 bf]ifL k|dfl0ft ePsf] b]lvG5.

g]kfnsf ;f+;b ldhf{ lbn;fb j]unfO{ ef/tLo ck/flwx?n] ;+;fem} /fhwfgLdf o;/L uf]nL k|xf/ u/]/ xTof u/]sf lyP . plgx?n] df]6/df n]sfO{ v'nf l;dfgfaf6 xltof/ NofPsf lyP . Og;]6df ef/tLo xTof/fx? -s_ ;Gb]z zdf{ -v_ ;+ho df6s/ -u_ /fh]Gb| k'hf/L

st{Jo Hofg !&
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s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw $

ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefusf cg';f/ ef/tLox?åf/f Jojxf/df eO/x]sf] ck/fweGbf of] lgs} sd ;+Vof xf]. lsgeg] o:tf sof}+ ck/fwsf] ph'/L k|x/Ldf btf{ x'g} cfp"b}gg\, ph'/L eP/ klg k|df0fsf] cefjdf cbfntdf d'2f rnfpg g;lsPsf] x'g;S5 / s]xL cg';Gwfgs} l;nl;nfdf klg 5g\. ef/tLox?n] u/]sf y'k|} ck/fwx? k|df0fsf] cefjdf d'2f rNg g;s]sf / k|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf y'k|} s];x? 5g\.

g]kfnLx?n] klg ef/tdf ck/fw u5{g\

o;sf ;fy} ef/tdf sfd ug{ uPsf vf;u/L g]kfnsf kxf8L If]qsf dflg;x?n] klg ef/tdf ck/fw u/L kmls{g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5. ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefun] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ ef/tsf lbNnL, kGhfa, nvgf}, n'lwofgf cflb ljleGg 7fp"df rf}sLbf/L ug{ uPsf s]xL g]kfnLx?n] wg–;DklQ rf]g{ xTof;d]t ug]{ u/]sf 5\g\. o;/L rf]/L x'g] 36gf jif{df sDtLdf #) j6f;Dd ePsf] / tLdWo] %) k|ltzt hlt s];df xTof g} x'g] u/]sf 5\g\.

log} ck/fwLnfO{ vf]Hb} abL{wf/L ef/tLo k|x/Lx? a]nfa]nfdf xltof/;lxt g]kfn lelqG5g\. o:tf k|x/LnfO{ kLl8t kIf cfkm}+n] vr{;d]t lbP/ kqmfp ug{ k7fpg] t/ ef/tLo k|x/Lx?nfO{ g]kfndf xltof/;lxt k:g'x'Gg eGg] hfgs/L;d]t gePsfn] pgLx? a]nfa]nfdf ;z:q k:g] u/]sf] s'/f ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefusf clwsf/Lx? atfp"5g\. o;sf ;fy} ;Ldf If]qsf !–@ lsnf]ld6/ otf cfP/ ef/tLo k|x/Ln] g]kfnLnfO{ ;dft]/ klg nfg] u/]sf 5g\. slknj:t', /f}tx6, af/fdf o; lsl;dsf 36gf a9L ePsf 5g\. ef/tLo k|x/Lsf] o; lsl;dsf] Jojxf/n] b'j} b]zsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;d]t lr;f] agfPsf] 5. ;Ldf IF]qnfO{ lgoldt u/L /]s8{ /fVg] Joj:yf ug]{ xf] eg] o; lsl;dsf ;d:of ;dfwfgdf d2t k'Ug]5.

PdP;cfO{n] u/]sf] ;j]{If0fcg';f/ v'nf l;dfgfaf6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] eGbf a9L kmfObf ck/flwx?n] g} kfO/x]sf] atfOPsf] 5. ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuLdWo] sl/a $# k|ltztn] t:s/L / cGo ck/fw ug]{x?n] a9L kmfObf lnPsf] / To;kl5 dfq Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt, /fhgLlts g]tfx? / To;kl5 dfq yf]/} ;j{;fwf/0fn] v'nf af]8{/af6 kmfObf kfPsf] pNn]v 5.

/f]huf/L / cy{tGqdf k|efj

g]kfn–ef/taLrsf] v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f vf;u/L g]kfnn] ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] csf]{ ;d:of hg;+Vof j[l4 xf]. g]kfndf cTolws ?kdf hg;+Vof j[l4 eO/x]sfn] cfkm}+df ;d:of alg/x]sf] 5 eg] To;df klg v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f ef/tLox?sf] lg/Gt/ a9\bf] cfudgn] g]kfndf yk ;d:of pTkGg u/]sf] 5.

ef/tLox? v'nf l;dfgfnfO{ b'?kof]u ub}{ o;/L gSsnL ef/tLo ?lkof“ af]s]/ g]kfndf sf/f]af/ ug{ lx85g\ . k|x/L ¢f/f a/fdb ul/Psf] ef=?= !)) b/sf !@ nfv ^$ xhf/ ! ;o ef/tLo ?lkof“ .

g]kfn–eft/aLrsf] l;dfgf tf]lsg] sfd g]kfn–ef/taLrsf] o'4 ;g\ !*!$–!^ ;lsP/ ePsf] ;'uf}nL ;lGwkl5 ePsf] xf]. To;f] eP tfklg ;LdfnfO{ cBfjlws u/L ljjfbd'Qm ug]{ sfd cem} ;lsPsf] 5}g. ;Ldf cBfjlws ug]{ sfd cem} g;lsPsf] eP tfklg o'uf}+b]lv g]kfn–ef/tsf hgtfn] cfk;df ug]{ cfjthfjtnfO{ ;g\ !(%) sf] g]kfn–ef/taLrsf] zflGt tyf d}lq ;lGwn] sfg'gL dfGotf lbPsf] lyof]. Tof] cem} oyfjt\ 5.

g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf If]qdf j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod ug]{ / cfjthfjt ug]{ k|rng k/fk"j{sfnb]lv g} ;fdfGo eP tfklg sfg"gL ?kdf g]kfnLx?n] ef/tdf sfd ug]{ cj;/ a[l6z–ef/t ;}lgs ;]jfaf6 kfPsf x'g\. t/ Tof]eGbf klxn]b]lv g} ef/tLox? g]kfndf s[lif / Jofkf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t lyP. ;g\ !(#) lt/ g]kfndf ef/tLox?;"u ldn]/ ;+o'Qm nufgLsf pBf]ux? ;'? ePkl5 To:tf pBf]ux?df sfd ug]{ dhb'/x? klg ef/tLo g} cfP. o;sf ;fy} ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u;d]tdf g]kfndf ag]sf] vf;u/L k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{, k'n / cGo lgdf{0fsf sfddf klg dhb'/ / k|fljlws hgzlQm ef/taf6 cfpg yfn]sf] b]lvG5. !( cf}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/fw{df ef/tLo /]n–j] g]kfnsf] ;Ldf;Dd lj:tf/ ePkl5 ef/tLo Jofkf/Lx? g]kfndf j[l4 x'"b} uP. v'nf ;Ldfsf] gLlt / g]kfn–ef/tsf gful/sx?sf] ;dfg wd{, ;+:s[lt, j}jflxs, Jofkfl/s ;DaGw, t/fO{sf hfthflt / efiffefifLdf ;dfgtfh:tf sf/0fn] b'j} b]zsf gful/ssf] a9\bf] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/nfO{ /]s8{ /fVg] jf:tf ul/Pg. t/ clxn] of] ;d:ofsf ?kdf b]vf kl/;s]sf] 5.

g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ ljb]zL gful/sx?sf] tYof+s /fVg] rng ;g\ !(^! af6 dfq ;'? ePsf] b]lvG5. To; a]nf hgu0fgf ubf{ # nfv #& xhf/ ^ ;o @) hgf ljb]zdf hlGdPsf gful/s g]kfndf a;f]jf; ul//x]sf lyP. of] ;+Vof eg]sf] To; a]nfsf] g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofsf] sl/a ;f9] # k|ltzt -#=^%_ xf]. tL ljb]zL gful/sdWo] sl/a (^ k|ltzt ef/tLo g} lyP.

sfdsf] k|ltIff ub}{ ef/tLox? /Tgkfs{df ;fpy Ol08og 8f];f;“u}

g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] hgu0fgf -!((!_sf] tYof+snfO{ x]bf{ g]kfndf a:g] ljb]zLx?sf] ;+Vof $ nfv #( xhf/ $ ;o ** k'u]sf] b]lvG5. To;df ef/tLox?sf] cg'kftdf vf;} kl/jt{g ePsf] gx'g ;S5. t/ ;+Vofrflx+ ;g\ @))) df cfOk'Ubf lgs} g} j[l4 eO;s]sf] cg'ej ul/Psf] 5.

g]kfndf a:g] ljb]zLx?sf] ;+VofdWo] sl/a *^ k|ltzt t/fOd} a;f]jf; ul//x]sf 5g\ h;dWo] Ps ltxfO{eGbf a9L hg;+Vof !) jif{eGbf a9L ;dob]lv g]kfndf a;f]jf; b]lvG5. g]kfndf cfpg] clwsf+z ljb]zLx?df bIf / cw{bIf sfdbf/x? 5g\ / Jofkf/, ;]jf If]qdf klg pgLx?sf] ks8 alnof] ePsf] 5. ;x/L If]qdf KnDa/, On]lS6«l;og, 6]n/, xhfd, ;fgf 3'dGt] Jofkf/Lb]lv 7"nf Jofkf/L, ;'g rf“bLsf sfd ug]{ sflnu8, 3/ lgdf{0f, kmlg{r/ lgdf{0f cflb y'k|} If]qdf ef/tLo gful/ssf] ;+nUgtf b]lvG5. kxf8L / t/fO{ If]qdf lzIf0f k]zfdf klg ef/tLox?sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5.

ef/tLox? pRr lzIff k|fKt ul/;s]sf eP tfklg yf]/} kfl/>ldsdf ;d]t sfd ug]{ ePsfn] pgLx?n] g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? a9L kfO/x]sf 5g\. o;n] g]kfnLnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?af6 lj:yflkt ul//x]sf] 5.

/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of M w]/} g]kfnLx? a]/f]huf/ eP tfkgL g]kfnsf] /f]huf/ ahf/df ef/tLox? xfjL ePsf]n] o;df lgoGq0fsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .

Jofkfl/s tyf cf}Bf]lus If]qdf eO/x]sf] pgLx?sf] sf/f]af/ tyf nufgLn] g]kfnsf] ?lkof“ ljb]lzO/x]sf] 5.

ef/tdf klg 7"nf] ;+Vofdf g]kfnLx? sfd ul//x]sf 5g\. t/ g]kfnLx? ;}lgs ;]jf tyf sDkgLdf uf8{ cflb cf“6Lnf / OdfGbf/Lk"j{s ug]{ sfddf ;+nUg 5g\. ef/t–kfso'4df w]/} g]kfnL o'jfx?n] ef/tsf] tkm{af6 /ut aufO{ ef/tsf] ;'/Iffdf d2t k'¥ofPsf 5g\. ut jif{sf] sf/lun o'4df klg w]/} g]kfnL o'jfx?n] cl3Nnf] k+lQmdf a;]/ ef/tLox?sf] OHht hf]ufOlbPsf lyP. g]kfnL o'jf ef/tLo ;]gfdf clxn] cfjZostf g} ePsf] 5. g]kfnLx?n] ef/tLox?sf] /f]huf/Ldf s'g} c;/ k'¥ofPsf 5}gg\. t/ ef/tLox?n] g]kfnLx?sf] /f]huf/Ldf 7"nf] c;/ k'¥ofPsf 5g\, h'g dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hGdsf] Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f;d]t ag]sf] 5.

csf]{tkm{ ef/tLox?n] g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf klg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf 5g\. ef/tLox?sf] g]kfndf x'g] Jofkfl/s ultljlwn] g]kfnsf] cy{tGq k|efljt x'g;S5 t/ ef/tdf sfd ug]{ g]kfnLx? cToGt Go"g Hofnfdf sfo{/t /xg] ePsfn] cy{tGqdf s'g} lsl;dsf] k|efj kfg]{ b]lvGg.

g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof ef/tn] a9fO/x]5

g]kfnaf6 ef/tdf hfg] g]kfnLx? w]/}h;f] kxf8L If]qsf ePsf] / pgLx? w]/} 6f9f k~hfa, lbNnL, dxf/fi6«, db|f;, u'h/ft cflb :yfgdf hfg] u5{g\. Toxf“ g]kfnsf kxf8L If]qsf dflg;sf nflu efiff, ;+:s[lt k/Dk/f hghflt cflb w]/} s'/f km/s x'G5. o;n] ubf{ pgLx?nfO{ :yfoL a;f]af; ug{ sl7g x'G5. o'jfj:yfsf] s]xL pj{/ ;do ptf latfP/ cGtt g]kfnd} kmls{G5g\. zf/Ll/s agf}6sf] sf/0f leGg b]lvg] ePsfn] pgLx?nfO{ :yfoL?kdf Toxf“ a:g klg sl7g x'G5.

t/ g]kfn cfpg] ef/tLox? clwsf+z t/fO{df a;f]jf; ul//x]sf 5g\. pgLx?sf] vfgkfg, ;+:s[lt, njfO, efiffnufot xfjfkfgL;d]t ldNg] ePsfn] / g]kfndf hLjg hLpg ;lhnf] ePsfn] w]/} ot} a;f]af; u5{g\. s'g} Pshgf dflg; k|j]z u/]df p;sf gft]bf/x? klg lj:tf/} g]kfnlt/ l55{g\. o;n] g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof klg j[l4 ul//x]sf] 5.

t/ ef/t hfg] g]kfnL Toxf“ nfdf] ;do gf]s/L u/] tfklg cGtt g]kfndf kmls{g] u/]sf] kfOG5. ef/tLo ;/sf/n] ;g\ !(*! df u/]sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfndf hlGdPsf % nfv ! xhf/ @ ;o (@ hgf g]kfnL ef/tdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf lyP. ToxL a]nf g]kfndf ul/Psf] hgu0fgf– cg';f/ rflx" sl/a # nfv &% xhf/ g]kfnL dfq ef/tdf uPsf lyP. ef/tLo ;/sf/n] tof/ u/]sf] ;+Vofdf a[l6z ef/t–;]gfdf sfd u/]/ g]kfndf hlGdPsf / ef/t ;/sf/n] g} pt} a;f]af; ug{ k|]l/t u/]sf 7"nf] ;+Vofsf g]kfnLx? klg ;dfj]z lyP. tLdWo] klg $ nfv $$ xhf/ $ ;o @& JolQmx?sf] clGtd a;f]af; g]kfnd} x'g] cg'dfg ef/tLo ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lyof]. o;nfO{ x]bf{ ef/tdf hfg] g]kfnLx?n] Toxf“sf] hg;+Vof j[l4df vf;} e"lsf v]n]sf] b]lvGg, clwsf+z g]kfnd} kmls{Psf] b]lvG5.

clxn] g]kfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofsf] sl/a @ k|ltzt ;+Vof ef/tdf ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5. ! c/a hg;+Vof ePsf] ef/tdf of] s'g} ;d:of gx'g ;S5 t/ ef/tsf] @ k|ltzt ;+Vof g]kfndf l5g]{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof 7\ofSs} bf]Aa/ x'G5, Tof] g]kfnn] ;DxfNg} g;Sg] l:ylt xf]. t/fO{df clxn] eO/x]sf] hg;+Vof j[l4n] of] ;d:of l5§} cfpg] b]lvG5.

g]kfnsf] k"jL{ efudf xfn a;f]af; ul//x]sf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x? ef/ts} af6f] eP/ g]kfn cfPsf x'g\. ef/tn] tL e"6fgLx?nfO{ z/0f glbg] gLlt lnPsf] xf] eg] To;} a]nf ef/tLo e"lddf l5g{ lbg x'"b}gYof]. l5g{ lbPkl5 g]kfnlt/ wkfpg' x'"b}gYof]. x"nsf x"n eP/ ef/tsf] af6f] eO{ g]kfn l5g{ lbP klg g]kfnaf6 ef/t x'"b} e"6fg kmls{g glbP/ ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv cK7\of/f]df kfl//x]sf] 5. logLx?n] g]kfnsf] cTolws ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L g]kfnnfO{ vf]qmf] agfpg ;3fO/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ ljleGg ck/fwnufotsf ;fdflhs k|b"if0f klg a9fO/x]sf 5g\.

ltAataf6 efu]/ g]kfn cfPsf ltAatL z/0ffyL{nfO{ g]kfn k|x/Ln] ;dft]/ /fi6«;+3sf] z/0ffyL{ cfof]unfO{ a'emfpg] u/]sf] 5 / ;f] cfof]un] pgLx?nfO{ z/0f lbg] b]z ef/tsf] wd{zfnf k'¥ofp"5. t/ pgLx? g]kfn–ef/tsf] v'nf l;dfgf k|of]u ub}{ g]kfndf cfP/ al;/x]sf 5g\. pgLx?n] g]kfndf ;f+:s[lts k|b"if0f a9fpg'sf ;fy} ljleGg ck/fwx? klg ul//x]sf 5g\. v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f g]kfnnfO{ ylkPsf] of] csf]{ ;d:of xf].

g]kfndf hg;+Vof j[l4 x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f pRr hGdb/ / d[To'b/df x|f; x'g' xf] eGg] s'/f hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] ls6fg u/]sf] 5. t/ ;f] dGqfnos} cg';f/ klg s]xL jif{otf dlxnfsf] s'n k|hgg b/df x|f; cfPsf] 5. o;nfO{ x]bf{ hg;+Vof j[l4 x'g'nfO{ pNn]lvt sf/0f dfq gdfgL cGt/f{li6«o a;fO" ;/fOnfO{ klg dfGg'kg]{ x'G5.

g]kfnsf] gjf}+ of]hgf;Dddf of]hgf cfof]u tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] hg;+Vof j[l4sf] sf/0f cGt/f{li6«o a;fO" ;/fO klg xf] eg]/ pNn]v gu/] tfklg gjf}+ of]hgfsf] hg;+Vof Joj:yfkg;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf cGt/f{li6«o a;fO" ;/fOnfO{ klg hg;+Vof j[l4sf] sf/0f :jLsf/ ub}{– cGt/f{li6«o a;fO" ;/fO ;DaGwL lj:t[t cWoog, cGt/lqmof / gLltut 5nkmn u/L pknAw lgisif{ Pjd\ tYosf] cfwf/df gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? agfO{ cGt/f{li6«o a;fO" ;/fOnfO{ lgoldt ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5.

gful/stfsf ;d:of / ;Ldf lgoGq0f

v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f g]kfndf eO/x]sf] hg;+Vof j[l4n] g]kfndf gful/stf;DaGwL ;d:of ;'Nemfpg} g;lsPsf] Pp6f ljjfbf:kb ;d:of alg/x]sf] 5.

a]nfotL zf;gaf6 ef/t d'Qm ePkl5 ;g\ !(%) df ePsf] g]kfn–ef/taLrsf] zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGwdf Ps b]zsf gful/snfO{ csf]{ b]zdf ;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ sa'n u/] tfklg pQm ;lGw x'g'cl3 ef/tdf a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnL / g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ ef/tLosf ljifodf s'g} s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g. cfkmgf /fHo If]qdf /x]sf csf]{ d'n'ssf /}tLnfO{ lgjf;, ;DklQsf] ef]u, Jofkf/–jfl0fHodf efu lng, rnlkm/ ug{ / c? To:t} k|sf/sf ljz]ifflwsf/x?sf] ljifodf kf/:kl/s tf}/n] ;dfg ljz]ifflwsf/ lbg sa'n ub{5g\ elgPsf] 5.

o; lsl;dsf] ;'ljwf ef/tdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] pkef]u ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ eg] g]kfndf a:g] ef/tLox?n] tL ;'ljwfx? pkef]u ul/sg gful/stf;d]t bfaL ul//x]sf 5g\. ef/tLox?n] c+uLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf lng g} of]Uotf gk'uL j+zhsf gftfn] gful/stf lnPsf y'k|} pbfx/0f 5g\ / o;;DaGwL cbfntdf k|z:t d'2fx? klg kl//x]sf 5g\.

g]kfndf a:g] ef/tLo d"nsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ gful/stf k|fKt ug{ sl7gfO k/]sf h:tf ;jfn ef/tsf] ;/sf/L :t/af6 ;d]t p7fpg] ul/Psf] 5. t/ ef/tsf s]xL k"jL{ /fHodf a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnL efifLx?dfly b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf, gful/stf gkfPsf, gful/stf / wg ;DklQ n'l6Psf h:tf s'/f g]kfn ;/sf/n] p7fpg] u/]sf] b]lvGg.

bflh{lnªdf ePsf] uf]vf{Nof08 cfGbf]ngsf] ;DaGw klg Toxf“sf] gful/stf;DaGwL sfg'g;"u hf]l8Psf] lyof] eg] l;lSsd a;f]af; ug]{ xhf/f}+ g]kfnL gful/sx? Toxf“ :yfoL a;f]af; eP/ klg gful/stfaf6 jl~rt 5g\. To:t} e"6fgdf ;of}+ jif{b]lv al;/x]sf g]kfnL efifLx?nfO{ ef/ts} cf8df gful/stf vf];]/ nv]l6Psf] 5. cf;fd, dl0fk'/, d]3fnodf %) cf}+ jif{b]lv al;/x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ ef/tn] gful/stf, wg;DklQ;d]t vf];]/ nv]6]sfn] k"jL{ g]kfnlt/ cfP/ a;f]af; ul//x]sf 5g\. t/ s'g} klg ef/tLon] g]kfndf To; lsl;dsf] b'Mv / ckdfg kfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g. a? pgLx?n] u}/sfg'gL ?kdf g]kfnsf] gful/stf lnO/x]sf 5g\. gful/stf ;d:of;DaGwL cWoog ug{ ul7t wgklt cfof]un] ;d]t of] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5.

;f] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ‘obfsbf gful/stfsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ / k|bfg ug]{ clwsf/Lx? cfjZos dfqfdf ;+j]bgzLn x'g g;s]sf] sf/0faf6 cjfl~5t u}/gful/s JolQmx?n] klg g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|df0fkq lng] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] / o;af6 d'n'ssf] cfGtl/s zflGt ;'/Iff, cGo d'n's;"usf] ;DaGw / ldqtfdf g} cf“r cfpg ;Sg] / /fi6«sf] 5ljdf g} c;/ kg{ ;Sg] ;d]t b]lvPsf] pNn]v 5.

g]kfnLx?n] ef/tdf gful/stf k|fKt ul/xfn] klg Toxf“ p;sf] clt ;fdfGo hgtfsf] e"ldsf dfq x'g] b]lvPsf] 5. t/ g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ ef/tLon] oxf“sf] cy{tGq, /fhgLlt / gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;d]t k|efj kf5{. ef/tsf] s'g} Pp6f JolQmn] gful/stf k|fKt ugf{;fy p;sf w]/} gft]bf/x?n] ;d]t gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ / To:tf JolQm gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf ;d]t k'Ug] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5. csf]{lt/ w]/} ef/tLox?n] t/fO{sf ljleGg efu / /fhwfgLsf d'Vo efux?df hldg lslg/x]sf 5g\. Psflt/ v'nf l;dfgfsf] pkof]u ub}{ 7"nf] ;+Vofdf dhb'/, ;fgf Jofkf/L cf]Ol/P/ g]kfnLx?nfO{ a]/f]huf/ agfO/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ cy{tGqnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ 7"nf Jofkf/L / gLlt lgdf{0fdf k'Ug] JolQmx?sf] k|j]z klg eO/x]sf] 5. To:t} ;fdflhs, cfly{s / c? h3Go ck/fwdf klg pgLx?sf] ;+nUgtf al9/x]sf] 5. o;n] g]kfnsf] eljionfO{ ;w+} vt/fdf kfl/x]sf] 5.

ef/tLo l;dfgfaf6 cf]Ol/Psf] of] x"ndf a+unfb]zL jf kfls:tfgL klg x'g ;S5g\. cg'xf/sf] Ps?ktfsf sf/0f cg'xf/ x]/]s} e/df 5'6\ofpg ;lsGg. / v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f ef]ln tL JolQm ef/ts} nflu klg vt/f aGg ;S5g\. To;sf/0f xfnnfO{ xjfO{ / :yndfu{ b'j}af6 cfjt–hfjt ug]{ b'j}tkm{sf gful/sx?sf] gfsfx?df /]s8{ /fVg] / xfnnfO{ sDtLdf kl/rokqsf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5. ;g\ !(%) sf] ;lGw k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ ;DaGwdf xfn} b'O{ b]zaLr ePsf] ;xdlt ;x«fxgLo 5. o;} cjlw -;g\ @))@_ leqdf kl/rokqsf] Joj:yf clgjfo{ ug'{ b'j} b]zsf] lxtdf x'G5 / g]kfnn] js{ k/ld6sf] Joj:yf nfu" ug'{ plrt x'G5. g]kfn–ef/tsf] k/Dk/fut ;DaGwnfO{ sfod /fVb} b'j} b]zsf] lg/Gt/ lxtsf lgldQ k|j]zf1f kqsf] Joj:yf ckl/xfo{ x'"b} uPsf] s'/fnfO{ b'j} b]zn] uDeL/tfsf ;fy lng' plrt xf]nf ls<

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