ljjfxsf] af]emn] lylrPsf yf?x?

– s[i0f/fh rf}w/L

sfd]Zj/ yf?nfO{ cr]n /fd|/L lgb|f kb}{g. ‘7f]s7fs’ vfO;s]kl5 klg pgsf] 5f]/Lsf] lax] gxf]nf h:tf] 5. lsgls pgsf] x'g]jfnf HjfO{n] /]l8of], 38L, ;fOsn glbP tkfO{+sL 5f]/L lnGg egL va/ k7fPsf] 5.

nfndl6of–@, bfªsf sfd]Zj/ v'Oo ub}{ ;':s]/f xfN5g\– ‘pk\m hGtLx?nfO{ t s] u/L vfgf Vjfpg] xf] eGg]ef’5, s;/L lbg] HjfO{nfO{ 38L–;fOsn. lxhf]–cl:t;Dd s'/f] ;a} 7Ls7fs lyof]. kSs} klg s;}n] e8\sfP h:tf] 5.’

ljjfxsf] kSsfkSsL eO{ ul/Psf] vfglkg sfo{qmdnfO{ klZrdsf yf?x?n] ‘7f]s7fs’ tyf k"jL{of yf?x?n] ‘3/b]v’ eGg] u5{g\. yf? hfltdf klg ca ljjfxsf] sfo{qmd hl6n aGb} uPsf] 5. klxnf–klxnf ‘7f]s7fs’ ePkl5 clgjfo{ ?kn] ljjfx ug}{ kg]{ x'GYof]. t/ clxn] Tof] ljlw ;DkGg eO;Sbf klg efjL b'nfxfx?n] cs:dft\ cfkmgf dfu cl3 ;fbf{ sltko ;DaGw 6'6\g] u/]sf 5g\. To;}n] sfd]Zj/ yf?h:tf sof}+nfO{ ‘7f]s7fs’ ePkl5 hlt ;Sbf] rf“8f] lax] ul/lbg] xtf/ x'G5. a9]sL 5f]/Lsf] ;w}+ lrGtf x'G5. o;af/]df af/f lhNnfsf yf?x?sf] uLt klg 5.

lkkns] kft cfsfz kftfn 8f]n]
h};] 8f]n] a]6Ls] afk x],
h]s/f lx 3/jf xf] afaf lwof s'df/
-;] xf]_
sO;] ;'tn] lgr]t xf].

cyf{t\, h'g 3/df s'df/L 5f]/L x'G5], To; 3/sf] afa'sf] x[bo lkknsf] kft xlNnPem}+ xlNnG5. pm lglZrGt eP/ ;'Tg klg ;Qm}g.

yf?x? cfly{s b[li6n] hlt ljkGg 5g\, cfkmgf] df}lns rf8kj{, /Lltl:ylt, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fdf plQs} ;DkGg 5g\. Pp6L :qL / k'?ifaLrsf] ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g ug]{ ljjfx k|yf yf? hfltdf cfkmg} df}lnstf af]s]/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5. k|:t't n]vdf yf?x?sf] j}jflxs ;+:sf/af/] kf7sx?n] /f]df~rsf/L Pjd\ cgf}7f] hfgsf/L kfpg'x'g]5.

k"jL{ g]kfnsf] emfkfb]lv klZrd dxfsfnLsf] s~rgk'/;Dd t/fO{sf] @% lhNnfsf ;dy/ kmf“6df a;f]af; u/]sf yf?x? d]xgtL / cToGt ;f]emf hfltsf ?kdf lrlgG5g\. ef}uf]lns b"/L / :yfgLo jftfj/0fsf] k|efjn] ubf{ k"jL{of / klZrdf yf?x?sf] efiff;“u} ljjfx k4lt klg km/s–km/s 5.

klZrdf yf?x?n] ljjfxnfO{ ‘ef]h’ eG5g\ eg] k"jL{of yf?x?n] ‘ljofx’. rf8kj{afx]s ljjfx Pp6f o:tf] ;+of]u xf], h;df yf? hfltsf dlxnfx? cfkmgf] df}lns klx/gdf ;lhPsf x'G5g\. z/L/df s'yf{, uNtfsf] nx"uf, sfgdf lemlNdlnof, gfsdf 7"n} kmf]+kmL -km'nL_ of glyof, unfdf @–# j6f rf“bLsf] ;'ltof / u'l8of -kf]t]_, xftdf 6"l/of / afnf, uf]8fdf 3'Dgf, kfon cflb nufO{ otfplt Sof6jfs u/] h:t} km¥ofs–km'?s u5{g\. dfgf}+ ls, pgLx? s'g} ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng tDtof/ 5g\.

yf? hfltsf] ljjfx k4lt lgs} nfdf] 5. ca lj:tf/} cfw'lgsLs/0f eP/ k'/fg} k4ltaf6 ljjfx ug]{ k|lqmofdf sdL cfpg yfn]sf] 5. bfª lhNnf ;tjl/of uflj;sf pkfWoIf d]3gf/fo0f rf}w/Lsf] ;'emfj 5– ‘yf? ;dfhnfO{ klg ;docg';f/ kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ ckl/xfo{ b]lvG5. k'/fg} k4ltsf] 6 nufpg'eGbf abln+bf] kl/l:ylt cg';f/ sd vr{df ;DkGg x'g] k|]d ljjfx g} pko'Qm b]lvG5.’

k|]d ljjfx pko'Qm dfGg] d]3 gf/fo0f

h'g;'s} ;dfhdf ljjfxsf] klxnf] r/0f a9]sf s]6fs]6Lsf] ;f]wk'5 ug'{ xf]. klZrdf yf?x?n] o;nfO{ ‘b'nxL x]/gf’ tyf k"jL{of yf?x?n] ‘b]vf;'gL’ eG5g\. k|foM s]6L kIfsfn] s]6f vf]Hg uPsf] a9L kfOG5.

ljjfxsf] s'/f ldnfpg] JolQmnfO{ klZrdf yf?x?n] ‘cu'jf’ eG5g\. lrtjgsf yf?x?n] cu'jfnfO{ ‘k'R57x/’ ;Kt/L / l;/xfsfn] ‘b"/f’ tyf af/f / k;f{sfn] ‘demkl6of’ eG5g\. s]6f / s]6Ltkm{af6 5'§f5'§} cu'jf /flvPsf x'G5g\. slxn]sfxL+ Pp6} cu'jfn] b'j}lt/sf] sfd u5{. cu'jfn] s]6fs]6Lsf] rl/q, 3/sf] cj:yf, uf]ltof/ -uf]q_ ldn] gldn]sf] cflb kQf nufp“5.

k"jL{ yf? ;dfhdf s]6fn] s]6LnfO{ klxnf] k6s ufp“d} jf glhssf] xf6ahf/df uO{ x]g]{ rng klg 5. of] ljlw k/Dk/fut geO{ cfw'lgs Pjd\ P]lR5s xf]. klZrdlt/ eg] s]6f g} s]6Lsf] 3/df uP/ s]6L x]g]{ rng 5. klxn] s]6f / s]6Lsf cleefjsn] dfq} ;/;Nnfx u/L lax]sf] l5gf]kmfgf] uy]{ eg] ca cfP/ s]6fn] s]6L x]g{ hfg] b]lv lnP/ ;fdfGo s'/fsfgL klg u/fOlbg] ul/Psf] kfOG5. klZrdsf] t'ngfdf k"j{lt/ ‘b]vf;'gL’ ljlw emGeml6nf] 5.

b'j}lt/sf cu'jfsf] s'/f] ldn]kl5 s]6fsf cleefjsx? s]xL gft]bf/sf ;fy s]6Lsf] 3/ hfG5g\. Toxf“ pgLx?sf] :jfut ;Tsf/kl5 s]6LnfO{ NofOG5 / s]6Lsf] gfp“ / pgsf] # k':tfsf] gfd ;f]lwG5. To;kl5 s]6Lsf cleefjsn] s]6L dg k/] gk/]sf] ;f]Wbf ;sf/fTds pQ/ kfPkl5 b'j}tkm{sf] /utsf] gftf ;DaGw 5 ls eg]/ v'6\ofOG5. To;f] gkfOPdf s]6fsf cleefjsx?n] s]6L kIfnfO{ ‘b]vf;'gL’ sf lglDt cfkmgf] 3/df 8fS5g\.

sGof}tL k|yf

lglZrt ul/Psf] lbg s]6Ltkm{sf cleefjsx? s]6fsf] 3/ k'U5g\ / s]6LnfO{ s]6fsf] cleefjsx?n] u/]sf] h:t} k|Zg /fV5g\. To;kl5 ‘sGof}tL’ sf] ljifodf s'/f p7\5. ljjfxsf] cj;/df s]6f kIfsfn] s]6Ltkm{nfO{ s]xL /sd lt/L ;xof]u u/]sf]nfO{ ‘sGof}tL’ lbPsf] elgG5. /sd lbPkl5 s]6LnfO{ lslgPsf] ;/x dflgg] ePsf]n] of] k|yfsf] cGTo ug'{kg]{ cfjfh pl7/x]sf] 5 / lj:tf/} of] k|yf nf]k klg eO/x]sf] 5.

7f]s7fs -3/b]v_

lng] lbg] kSsf ePkl5 cf}krfl/stf k"/f ug{ k|foM s]6fsf] 3/df vfglkgsf] cfof]hgf ul/G5, h;nfO{ klZrdlt/ ‘7f]s7fs v}ns’ / k"j{lt/ ‘3/b]v’ elgG5. o;df b'nfxf–b'nxL b'j}tkm{sf] Ps–Ps k|ltlglwn] Ps–csf{nfO{ 6Lsf6fnf tyf dfnf nufOlbG5g\. of] sfo{qmddf b'nfxf–b'nxLsf lktf, b'j} tkm{sf cu'jf, ufp“sf ssgbf/ -xtf{stf{_ sf] clgjfo{ pkl:ylt /xG5. cfhsn k|foM s]6f g} s]6Lsf] 3/ uP/ s'/fsfgL ldn]df s]6Ln] s]6fnfO{ dfnf nufOlbg] rng klg 5. t/ o;/L 6Lsf]6fnf] u/] klg ‘7f]s7fs’ vfg'rflx" clgjfo{ dflgG5.

k"jL{of yf?x?n] eg] ‘3/b]v’ lax]em}+ w"dwfdsf ;fy dgfp“5g\. s]6Ltkm{af6 sl/a # bh{g JolQmx? s]6Lsf] cleefjs;“u s]6fsf] 3/ hfg] u5{g\. ;fydf ;f] 6f]nLn] s]6fsf nflu wf]tL, sldh, uGhL, uD5fsf ;fy} Pp6f 9sLdf kfg, ;'kf/L, ld7fO{, kmnkm"n / s]xL /sd sk8fdf kf]sf] kf/]/ ;u'g:j?k nfG5. ;f] 6f]nLsf nflu s]6fsf] 3/sf] cf“ugdf a:g] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] x'G5, h;nfO{ ‘af;3/’ elgG5.

‘3/b]v’ /Llt k"/f ug{ s]6f af;3/df kfOnf 6]Sbf s]6Ltkm{sf ;a} kfx'gfx?n] cf–cfkmgf] 6fpsf] ?dfnn] 9fSg'k5{. To;kl5 s]6Ltkm{af6 NofOPsf] ;fdfg /flvPsf] 9sLcufl8 s]6fnfO{ a;fOG5. 9sL af]s]/ Nofpg]n] To;af6 ;fdfg lemSb} kfg, ;'kf/L, kmnkm"n b]vfp“b} of] s] xf] egL ;f]W5. s]6Ltkm{af6 NofOPsf] wf]tL s]6fsf] 6fpsf]df /flvlb+b} k'gM p;sf] # k':tfsf] gfd ;f]lwG5.

Psl5gkl5 s]6fnfO{ s]6Ltkm{af6 NofOPsf] ;Dk"0f{ gof“ sk8f nufO{ 3/b]lvof -s]6Ltkm{af6 cfPsf kfx'gfx?_ nfO{ uf]8\nfuL -gd:sf/_ ug{ cfpg'k5{. 3/b]lvofx?n] vfgf vfg] a]nf ufp“sf y?gLx?n] pgLx?nfO{ lh:Sofpg] uLt klg uf“p5g\.

s]6Ltkm{af6 klg s]6fs} 3/df em}+ ‘3/b]v’ sfo{qmd ul/G5. s]6fsf] cleefjs #)–#% hgfsf] ;d"x lnP/ s]6Lsf] nflu n'uf–uxgf;d]t lnO{ ‘3/b]v’ df hfG5. ‘3/b]v’ l;l4Pkl5 b'j}lt/sf] (–( j6f l;+uf] ;'kf/L ;f6f;f6 u/L lax]sf] ldlt to ul/G5.

7f]s7fs vfP/ nugcg';f/ lax]sf] lbg lgwf{/0f ePsf] Ps xKtfcufl8 yf?x?n] cfkmgf bfh'efO, uf]ltof/, Oi6ldqx?nfO{ sf6]sf] xn]bf]sf] uf“7f], l;+uf] ;'kf/L cflb k7fP/ lax]sf] lgdGq0ff lbG5g\. cfhef]ln lnlvt g]ptf -lgdGq0ffkm k7fpg] rng rln;s]sf] 5.

ljjfx x'g'eGbf Ps lbgcufl8 g} gft]bf/x? sf“rf] t/sf/L, cf]9\g]–cf]5\ofpg] cflb lnO{ lax]3/ k'U5g\ eg] lax]3/sf] h]7f] HjfO"n] u'Gb|L, efn], sf“rf] t/sf/L, rfdn, hf“8–/S;L;lxt pkl:yt x'G5. h]7f] HjfO"n] NofPsf] u'Gb|L b]x'/f/ -b]ptf /fVg] sf]7fkm df la5\ofOG5.

lbpnL b/gf -szfs'6L_

klZrdf yf? ;dfhdf jl/oft hfg'eGbf cl3Nnf] lbg ;f“em b'nfxf–b'nxL b'j}sf] 3/df hf“tf]df p?b -df;_ sf] bfn lk:g] rng 5, h;nfO{ ‘lbpnL b/gf’ elgG5. kL"9Lsf] Ps 5]pdf uf]a/n] lnlk/fv]sf] :yfgdf ;fnsf] kft la5\ofOPsf] x'G5. To;dfly % d'7L wfg, % j6f rfgr'g k};f /flvG5. wfgdfly hf“tf] /fv]/ hf“tf] c8\ofpg vo/sf] gof“ sLnf 7f]lsG5. To;kl5 lbpnL bg{nfO{ b'nfxf jf b'nxLsf] efph", sfsL, alxgL cfp“5g\. lbpnL bg]{ a]nf em/fnLx? -lax]df sfd ug{ v6fOPsf JolQmx?_ df“u/ uLt ufp“5g\.

yf? hfltsf ljjlxt hg]jf -dlxnf_ afof“ / cljjflxt alylgof“ -s]6L_ bfof“ Mca o:tf] klx/0f nf]k x“'b}5

k"jL{of yf?x?n] rflx" klZrdf yf?x?sf] lbpnL bg]{ ljlwh:t} ljjfx x'g'eGbf b'O{ lbgcufl8 ‘szfs'6L’ ljlw ;DkGg u5{g\. o; ljlwdf ;+nUg x'g] cfOdfO{x?nfO{ ‘ljws/gL’ elgG5. cfugdf lnlkPsf] 7fp“df cf]vn /flvPsf] x'G5. cf]vndf /flvPsf] wfg ljws/gLx?n] 7"N7"nf d';nn] s'6\5g\. ToxL wfgaf6 lgl:sPsf] rfdnnfO{ lk;]/ kL7f] agfpg] ljlwnfO{ g} ‘szfs'6L’ elgG5. of] szf rfdnsf] kL7f] t]ndf ld;fO{ ljjfxsf] lbg b'nfxf / b'nxLsf] xftv'§fdf blnlbg] rng 5. klZrdf yf?x?n] eg] lbpnL b/]sf] df;sf] bfnnfO{ t]ndf ksfP/ b'nfxf al/oft hfg'eGbf klxnf ‘srl/s al/of’ sf] gfdn] ufp“el/sf dfG5]nfO{ vfgsf] nflu af“8\5g\.

k"jL{of yf?x?n] ljjfxsf] cl3Nnf] lbg laxfg ‘s'd/fjg’ ljlw ;DkGg u5{g\. oBlk s'd/fjg lax]sf] Ps lbgcufl8 dfq} ul/P klg uLts/gLx? -ufpg] dlxnfkm n] s'd/fjgsf] uLt % lbgklxn]b]lv g} x/]s ;f“em ufp“5g\. Ps ls+jbGtLcg';f/ ‘s'd/fjg’ ljjfx x'g] s]6fs]6L s'df/–s'df/L cyf{t\ kljq 5g\ eGg] k|ltsfTds efjgfsf] nflu ;DkGg ul/G5. o;df klg szfs'6L ljlwdf em}+ rfdn s'6L kL7f] agfOG5. o;df leGgtf s] 5 eg] rfdnsf] kL7f]sf] 3f]n agfO{ uf]nfsf/ ;fgf] /]vf sf]l/G5. ;fdfGo k"hfkf7 u/]kl5 ToxL /]vfleq s]6fnfO{ l;Gb'/ xfNg nufOG5. ljws/gLx?n] s]6fsf] xftdf nfu]sf] l;Gb'/ t'?Gt} wf]Olbg] u5{g\. s;}–s;}n] ;Togf/fo0f eujfg\sf] k"hf u/]/ s'd/fjg ljlw ;DkGg u/L ef]h;d]t Vjfp“5g\.

d6\sf]/

d6\sf]/ ljlw k"jL{of yf?x?n] hGtL hfg'eGbf cl3Nnf] ;f“em b'nfxf–b'nxL b'j}sf] 3/df u5{g\. ;'?df ljws/gLx? b'nfxfnfO{ lnO{ 8lnof af]s]/ s'jfdf hfG5g\. Toxf“ klg rfdnsf] kL7f] uf]nfsf/ agfO{ s]6fnfO{ uf]nfsf/ cfs[ltdf l;Gb'/ xfNg nufOG5. To;kl5 ljws/gLx?n] s'jfsf] kfgLn] b'nfxfnfO{ g'xfOlbG5g\ / ;“u;“u} d6\sf]/ uLt klg ufp“5g\.

s]6fnfO{ g'xfOlbPkl5 ljws/gLx?n] rf/} lbzftkm{ tLg–tLg k6s lrp/f kmof“S5g\ / k"hf ul/Psf] :yfgsf] df6f] vg]/ 8lnofdf /fvL 3/ kmls{G5g\. k"hf ul/Psf] 7fp“sf] df6f] vg]/ nUg'nfO{ g} d6\sf]/ elgG5. d6\sf]/ u/L NofPsf] df6f]n] s]6ftkm{ nfjf e'6\gnfO{ r'Nxf] agfOG5 eg] s]6Ltkm{ ToxL df6f]nfO{ ljjfx d08k lnkkf]t ug{ k|of]u ul/G5.

slknj:t', gjnk/f;Lh:tf dWoIf]qsf yf? ;dfhdf eg] ljjfxsf b'O{ lbgcufl8 ‘ltns k|yf’ sf] rng 5. ltns k|yf bx]hs} Ps ?k dflgG5. o;df s]6L kIfsfn] laxfg lem;ld;]df rfdn, kmnkm"n, ;'g–rf“bLsf uxgf, s]xL /sd cflb lnP/ s]6fsf] 3/df pkl:yt x'G5g\. kl08t af]nfP/ ljlwk"j{s tL ;fdfg s]6ftkm{ a'emfOG5. ;f]dgL–&, a/ubjf gjnk/f;L 3/eO{ xfn lq=lj= sLlt{k'/df cWoog/t ljBfyL{ hf]u]Gb| rf}w/L eG5g\– ltns k|yf yf? ;dfhdf g/fd|f] k/Dk/fsf] ?kdf lelqPsf] 5. o;}df vrkr k/]/ sof}+sf] ljjfx /f]lsPsf] klg ;'lgG5.

hGtL hfg] tof/L

hGtL hfg'eGbf klxnf b'nfxfsf] skfn sfl6G5. b'nfxfnfO{ clgjfo{?kn] g'xfpg nufOG5. sxL+–sxL+ b'nfxfsf lbbL–alxgLn] g} g'xfOlbg] rng 5. ;]dnf/–*, zflGtk'/, ?kGb]xLsL cfzf rf}w/Lsf cg';f/ ?kGb]xL, slknj:t', gjnk/f;L cflb lhNnfdf s]6fn] clgjfo{?kn] cfugd} g'xfpg'k5{. g'xfPsf] kfgL aufpgnfO{ cfugdf vfN8f];d]t vlgPsf] x'G5.

8f]nfdf a;]/ al/oft hfb} klZrdf b'nxf

klZrdf yf?x?df b'nfxf vfO{–lkO{ jl/oft lnP/ b'nxLsf] 3/df hfg tof/ ePkl5 b'nfxf tyf p;sf] efO -;}enjfkm nfO{ b]ptf /fVg] sf]7f -b]x'/f/_ df nu]/ p;sf lbbL–alxgLx?n] n'uf nufOlbG5g\. klxn] b'nfxfnfO{ 7"N7"nf km]6f, rf}aGbL e'mn'jf -bf}/fh:t} n'ufkm, hfdf nufOGYof] eg] clxn] To;sf] 7fp“ 6f]kL / ;6{–k]G6n] lnPsf] 5. b]x'/f/af6 lgl:sg] a]nf b'nfxfn] cfkmgf] s'nb]jtfnfO{ /S;L r9fp“5.

b'nfxf cfdf–a'afnfO{ 9f]ue]6 u/]/ lgl:sPkl5 p;nfO{ cfugdf a;fP/ ;}enjf / u+hjf -b'nfxf kIfsf] xtf{stf{_ ;“u} /S;L tyf srl/s al/of VjfOG5. af“sL /x]sf] srl/s al/of hGtL x]g]{ ufp“n]x?nfO{ af“l8G5.

af/f, k;f{ / /f}tx6 lhNnfsf yf?x?n] eg] ljjfxsf] lbg hGtL hfg'eGbf s]xL 306fcufl8 cf“ksf] ?v;“u b'nfxfsf] j}jflxs ljlw ;DkGg u5{g\. o;nfO{ ‘uf5L ljjfx’ elgG5. cf“ksf] ?vdf b'nfxfn] kf“r k6s l;Gb'/ blnlbG5. To;kl5 wfuf]n] a]b{} # kN6 c+sdfn ub}{ ?v 3'Dg'k5{.

hGtL hfg'eGbf cufl8 ‘nfjf e'hfO’ -wfgsf] nfjf e'6\g]_ klg ul/G5. e'l6Psf] nfjf hGtL hf“bf ;fy} nluG5 / s]6Ltkm{sf] nfjf klg ;“u} ld;fP/ s]6fn] s]6Lsf] l;p“bf]df l;Gb'/ xfNbf 5g{] sfd ul/G5. k"jL{of yf?x?df b'nfxf;“u} p;sf] ;fgLcfdf jf km'k" clgjfo{?kn] hGtL hfG5g\, h;nfO{ ‘gf]sg]t’ elgG5. gf]sg]t b'nfxf;“u} /x"bf b'nxLsf] ufp“sf af]S;L, e"tk|]tn] cf“vf nufpg ;Sb}gg\ eGg] wf/0ff 5.

hGtLsf] :jfut

hGtL b'nxLsf] ufp“g]/ cfOk'Ubf b'nxL kIfaf6 Pshgf d'Vo JolQmn] lng hfg] rng 5. hGtLn] To;a]nf rnGt' df“u/ -lx+8\b} ufOg] uLtkm ufpg'k5{. Tof] gufOPdf b'nxLsf] ufp“df l5g{ lbO{b}g.

k'jL{ e]ssf b'nxf b'nxL M k"hfljlwsf nflu huj]bLdf .

b'nxLsf] cfugdf k'u]kl5 b'nfxf / ;}enjf 8f]nfaf6 em5{g\. hGtL a:g] SofDkfdf pgLx?nfO{ a:g nufOG5. Psl5gkl5 b'nfxfsf ;fnLx? b'nfxf, ;}enjf / cu'jfsf] uf]8f w'g cfOk'U5g\. uf]8f wf]Pkl5 b'nfxfnfO{ b'nxLsf] b]x'/f/ sf]7fdf a5L{ uf8\g egL nluG5. b]x'/f/af6 b'nfxfnfO{ s]xL VjfOj/L k'gM SofDkfd} NofOG5. k"jL{of yf?x?n] eg] a5L{ nf“b}gg\. hGtL hf“bf 9fn–t/jf/ eg] b'j}lt/sfn] nUg] u/]sf 5g\. klxn]sf] egfOcg';f/ b'nxLnfO{ dfOtaf6 Nofpg] a]nf s'g} sf/0fjz zq'sf] ;fdgf ug'{k/] ToxL t/jf/n] b'nxLsf] /Iff u/L ;lQTj hf]lugaf6 b'nfxfn] arfp“Yof].

k"j{lt/ hGtLx? b'nxLsf] 3/sf] k|j]zåf/df cfOk'Ubf b'nfxfnfO{ kfNsLaf6 ptf/L b'nxLsf cleefjsnufot gft]bf/x?n] b'af]–cIftfn] :jfut u5{g\. cf“vfdf cIftf gnfuf];\ / sk8f glalu|of];\ eg]/ b'nfxfnfO{ 5ftf cf]9fpg] rng 5.

sGofbfg

sGofbfgsf] sfo{qmd k"jL{ yf? ;dfhdf hlt ljlwk"j{s ;DkGg x'G5 Tolt klZrdf yf? ;dfhdf 5}g. 3/flgof kl/jf/n] cGo hfltsf] b]vfl;sLdf of] ljlw ;DkGg u/] klg lgDg:t/sf] yf? kl/jf/df sGofbfg ljlw u/]sf] b]lv+b}g.

k"jL{ofx?n] b'nxLsf] 3/sf] cfugdf d08k agfPsf x'G5g\. To;nfO{ d?jf elgG5. l;Gb'/bfg ug{sf] nflu cs}{ d08k agfOPsf] x'G5, To;nfO{ ‘huj]bL’ elgG5. b'nxLtkm{sf ljws/gLx? b'nfxfnfO{ pQ/–klZrdsf] s'gfaf6 tLg k6s d?jf 3'dfO{ ToxL 7fp“df pleg nufp“5g\. xhfdn] b'nfxf–b'nxLsf] sfG5L cf}+nfdf ;fgf] 3fp kf/L /ut lgsfN5. o;/L lgsflnPsf] /ut ld;fO{ cf“ksf] kftdf b'nfxf / b'nxL b'j}sf] tLg k':tfsf] gfd n]lvG5. o;kl5 b'nfxfnfO{ d08kleq nluG5. Toxf“ ;;'/fn] HjfO"nfO{ /ftf] /+un] /+luPsf] wf]tL, uGhL, sldh cflb nufpg lbG5g\.

klZrdf yf? kl/jf/sf] b'nfxfn] d08kdf cfkmgf] h'7f] b'nxLnfO{ Vjfp“5. b'nxLnfO{ v'zL kfg{ s]xL /sd lbP dfq} p;n] h'7f] vfG5]. st}–st} l;Gb'/ gxflnPdf ToxL h'7f] VjfOnfO{ g} kSsf nuguf“7f] dflgG5. sGofbfg eO;s]kl5 b'nxLsf gft]bf/x?n] gub ?lkof“, uxgf, ef“8fs'"8f, afs; cflb pkxf/ lbG5g\.

k"jL{ofx?df b'nfxfn] # kN6 d?jf 3'Dg'k5{. klxnf–klxnf d?jf 3'Dbf Pp6f s'6\6' dfq} nufP/ b'nfxfn] 3'Dg'kYof]{. o;f] ug'{sf] sf/0f b'nfxfsf] z/L/df s]xL /f]u 5 ls egL x]g{nfO{ ul/GYof]. o; cj;/df b'nxLsL cfdfn] b'nfxfnfO{ / a'afn] 5f]/LnfO{ df]/ klx/fjg -6fpsf]df ku/L nufpg] sfd_ ul/lbg] rng 5.

l;Gb'/ bfg ubf{ b'nxLsf] cg'xf/ k"j{lt/ kmsf{O{ huj]bLdf a:g nufOG5. b'nfxfn] l;Gb'/ tLg of kf“r k6s e'O"df emg{ glbP/ b'nxLsf] l;p“bf]df nufOlbG5. sGofbfgkl5 /ftL g} b'j}lt/sf ;DwLx?sf] x";Ldhfssf] lgldQ Pp6f sfo{qmd ul/G5, h;nfO{ klZrdfx?n] ;DwL–;Dwf / k"jL{ofx?n] nuguf“7 eG5g\. Pp6f ?dfndf b'j} ;DwLx?n] s]xL rfdn / k};f /fvL xNnfP/ cfwf–cfwf rfdn af“8\5g\. h;sf] efudf a9L k};f k5{, ToxL ;DwLn] lht]sf] dflgG5. To;kl5 ;a}nfO{ vfglkg u/L ;'TgnfO{ Joj:yf ul/G5. k"jL{ofx?df eg] nuguf“7kl5 b'nfxfn] sf]xa/ lrqdf l;Gb'/ bnL sf]xa/ lrq;“u klg ljjfx ug'{k5{. To;kl5 b'nfxf / b'nxLnfO{ s]xL ;dosf] lglDt PsfGtdf 5f]l8G5. of] g} b'nfxf / b'nxLsf] klxnf] PsfGt ldng dflgG5.

b'nfxfn] sf]xa/ lrqdf xfn]sf] l;Gb'/ ljws/gLx?n] t'?Gt} k'l5lbG5g\. t'?Gt} Tof] l;Gb'/ gk'l5Pdf af]S;Ln] dGqåf/f a]x'nLnfO{ ;bfsf] nflu af“emf] kfg{ ;Sg] 8/ x'G5 eGg] egfO 5.

hGtL labfO

cGo If]qsf yf?x?n] lax] ;DkGg ePsf] csf]{ laxfg hGtL labfO u5{g\ eg] af/f, k;f{sf yf?x? eg] ljjfx ePsf] bf];|f] lbg klg b'nxLsf] 3/df g} a:5g\. o;nfO{ pgLx? dof{bs] lbg eG5g\. ;f] lbg clgjfo{?kdf hGtLsf nflu gfrufgsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{. lax]df k'?if snfsf/ dfq} x'g] nj08fsf] gfr otflt/ lgs} nf]slk|o dflgG5.

yf?sf] ;fd'lxs b]ptf 3/ -d?jf_ 3'Db} b'nxf b'nxL . OG;]6df d?jf leqsf] b]ptf .

hGtL labfO k|foM laxfgsf] vfgf VjfP/ dfq} ul/G5. klZrdf yf?x?df b'nfxfn] laxfgsf] vfgf vf“bf cfkm"n] dfu]sf] rLh b'nxL kIfsfn] lbg] sa'n gubf{;Dd vf“b}g. b'nfxfn] vfO;s]kl5 ;;'/fn] HjfO"sf] xft wf]Olbg] rng 5. xft wf]Pafkt ;;'/fn] s]xL /sd HjfO"nfO{ 6qm\ofpg'k5{. ;a}n] vfO;s]kl5 b'nfxf cl3Nnf] lbg b'nxLsf] b]ptf sf]7fdf ufl8Psf] a5L{ lng hfG5. a5L{ b'nxLsf] ;fnLn] ;dft]sL x'G5]. ;fnLn] dfu]adf]lhd eft' -legfh'_ n] /sd lbPkl5 dfq} ;fnLn] a5L{ lbG5].

b'nfxf a5L{ lnP/ 3/aflx/ cfp“5. 3/sf] k"jL{ 9f]sfcufl8 8f]nL To;kl5 8f]nf /flvPsf] x'G5. hGtLx? b'nfxfnfO{ 3]/]/ labfOsf] df“u/ uLt ufp“5g\. k"j{lt/ eg] b'nxL kIfsf dlxnfx?n] labfO uLt ufpg] rng 5. ?jfaf;L;“u} b'nxLsf] h]7f] bfOn] b'nxLnfO{ 3/leqaf6 af]s]/ NofO{ 8f]nLdf /fV5. b'nxL 8f]nLdf a;]kl5 b'nfxfn] 8f]nL nfQfn] lxsf{p“5. To;kl5 cl3–cl3 8f]nf / kl5–kl5 8f]nL af]Sg]x? b'nfxfsf] 3/tkm{ kfOnf rfN5g\.

b'nxLnfO{ k7fpg p;sf ;vLafx]s lbbL–legfh' clgjfo{ hfG5g\. lbbLnfO{ ‘nsf]+8L’ / legfh'nfO{ ‘nsf]+8\jf’ elgG5. nsf]+8Lsf nflu klg 8f]nfh:t} a:gnfO{ ‘v6f]nL’ agfOPsf x'G5. p;nfO{ klg 8f]nf af]Sg]x?n] b'nxL;“u} af]s]/ nu]sf x'G5g\. 8f]nf–8f]nL b'nfxfsf] ufp“sf] l;dfgfdf k'u]kl5 ‘d?jf’ 3'dfOG5. k"j{lt/ d?jf eg]sf] lax] ug{nfO{ agfOPsf] hUu] xf] eg] klZrdlt/ d?jf eg]sf] ufp“el/sf] b]ptf /flvg] ;fd"lxs b]p3/ xf]. k"j{lt/ ;fd"lxs b]p3/nfO{ u|fdyfg elgG5. d?jf 3'dfp“bf 8f]nf af]Sg]x?n] d?jfsf] 5fgf 76fp“b} ‘5f]/f] xf];\’, 5f]/f] xf];\ eg]/ xf“:b} 3'D5g\.

;Kt/L, l;/xflt/ hGtL labfO x'g'eGbf cufl8 b'nxLsf] ufp“sf] u|fdyfg b'nfxf–b'nxLn] 3'Dg'k5{, h;nfO{ ‘ygnuL’ elgG5. ptf gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xLlt/ hGtL hfg'eGbf cufl8 g} b'nfxf–b'nxLn] cf–cfkmgf] ufp“sf] u|fdyfg 3'Dg'k5{. b'nxL k7fpg hfg] a]nf b'nxLsf] efOn] nf]6fdf kfgL /fvL kftn] 5f]k]/ aLr af6f]df sxL+ g/fvL legfh'sf] 3/ k'¥ofp“5. klxnf–klxnf nf]6fdf kfgLsf] ;§f ljif /flvPsf] x'GYof]. aLr af6f]df s;}n] cfqmd0f u/]df b'nxLn] ToxL ljifsf] Kofnf lkP/ d[To'j/0f u/L cfkmgf] ;lQTj /Iff uly{g\ eGg] egfO klg 5.

b'nxL leœofOg]

b'nfxfsf] 3/sf] klZrd 9f]sfcufl8 b'nxL–b'nfxfnfO{ 8f]nL–8f]nfaf6 cf]/fn]/ pleg nufOG5. pgLx?sf] cufl8 kL7f]n] lrq agfOPsf] x'G5. b'nfxfsf] efph" of cfdfn] ;f] lrqdfly cfufsf] lkmln·f] NofP/ /flV5g\. To;kl5 b'nfxfsL cfdfn] rfdn, ltn cflbn] b'nfxf–b'nxLnfO{ kl5{lG5g\. clg b'nfxf–b'nxL 3/leq k:5g\. 3/leq b'nfxfsf lbbL, alxgL, km'k" cflbn] af6f] 5]S5g\. ltgLx?n] dfu]sf] rLh lbg] sa'n b'nfxfn] ug'{k5{. klZrdlt/ ;f8L, s]xL /sd, ufO{j:t' cflb lbP/ r]nLa]6LnfO{ dgfOG5 eg] k"j{lt/ r]nLa]6Lx?n] af6f] 5]s]afkt hUuf–hldg;d]t dfU5g\. b]x'/f/ -b]ptf sf]7fkm df klg b'nfxf–b'nxLnfO{ b'nfxfsf] cfdfn] kl5{lG5g\. kl5{Pkl5 b'nfxf–b'nxLsf] 6fpsf] tLg of kf“r kN6 ef]hxLgx?n] Pscfk;df 7f]Ssfp“5g\. o;/L lax]sf] ;a} ljlw ;lsG5.

b]vfl;sL k|j[lQ

l;;xlgof–$, bfªsf s[i0fb]j rf}w/L hGtL uP/ df]6/;fOsn dfu ubf{ l/Q} kmls{g'k¥of]. k"j{dGqL k/z'gf/fo0f rf}w/L eGg'x'G5– ‘yf? hfltdf csf{sf] b]vfl;sL k|j[lQn] cfkmgf c;n ;+:sf/ 5f8L gSsn ug]{ k/Dk/fsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5. h;n] ubf{ bfOhf]sf] g/fd|f] rng lelq+b} 5.’

;do cg'zf/ kl/jlt{t x'g yf? ;dfh l9nf eO;Sof] M ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v rf}w/L .

yf? hfltdf dlxnfx?n] nufpg] nx"uf–s'yf{sf] rng vfgbfgL kl/jf/n] Toflu;s]. tL k/Dk/fut kf]zfssf] rng k|foM lgDg kl/jf/sfx?n] dfq} arfP/ /fv]sf 5g\. t/ ljjfxkZrft\ lgDg kl/jf/sf y?gLx?n] klg nx"uf–s'yf{nfO{ TofuL ;f/L–rf]nf]d} /dfpg yfn]sf 5g\. dx]Gb| SofDk; bfªsf ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v b]jgf/fo0f rf}w/L ;dosf] kl/jt{gcg';f/ cfkm"nfO{ 9fNg'kg]{ t/ k'/fgf /Llt l/jfhx?nfO{ arfO /fVg'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5. ‘k};fsf cf}+7L x/fP/ hf“b}5g\, k'/fgf uxgf tyf kf]zfs cfw'lgs a'xf/Lx?n] nufpg dg k/fp“b}gg\. 5f]/fn] emg\ dg k/fpg] s'/} ePg. d]/f] l8u|L kl9/x]sf] 5f]/fnfO{ d}n] klg cfkmgf] ;fdflhs k|lti7fcg';f/ g} lax] ug]{ afWotf 5’ –pxf“ eGg'x'G5.

lqlj sLlt{k'/ ;+:s[lt ljefudf cWoog/t ljBfyL{ xL/fnfn rf}w/L yf?x?n] cfkmgf] k/Dk/fut kf]zfs, uxgf Ps}kN6 TofUg'eGbf ;'wf/]/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;'emfj lbg'x'G5. cleefjsx?af6} rf]/L ljjfx -px«L ef]h_ nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOPsf]df o;nfO{ yf?x?n] unt af6f] ckgfPsf] pxf“sf] /fo 5.

‘tdfd ljjflxt yf? o'jfx? afpcfdfs} sdfOdf lge{/ 5g\. lzlIft o'jfnfO{ 3/sf] sfd ug{ klg hf“u/ rNb}g. cleefjsn] 3/sf] lhDd]jf/Laf/] af]w u/fpg yfn]kl5 pgLx? 5'l§P/ PSn} a:g] dgl:yltdf k'U5g\. o;/L lzlIft o'jfx? klg 3/u[x:yLs} aGwgdf hsl8Psf 5g\. ldqx?n] cfkmgf] v'§fdf plePkl5 dfq} ljjfx ug'{k5{ eGg] ;Nnfx lbg'sf] ;§f a]/f]huf/ ldqnfO{ ljjfxsf] lglDt pS;fpg] g/fd|f] rng yf? o'jfx?df ljBdfg /x]sf] cf}+Nofp“b} of]eGbf 7"nf] lj8Dagf c? s] g} xf]nf /<’ –ljBfyL{ lx/fnfn rf}w/Lsf] egfO 5.

h“8–/S;L ;]jgn] yf?x? lk5l8Psf 5g\ M yf? SNof0f sf/L0fL s]lGb|o ;b:o sdn gf/fo0f rf}w/L .

yf?x?sf] lax]df hf“8/S;Lsf] rngn] klg lax] cTolws vlr{nf] ePsf] 5. yf? sNof0fsfl/0fL ;efsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o sdngf/fo0f rf}w/Lsf] egfO 5– ‘lax]df hf“8/S;L rnfpg]nfO{ ;fdflhs alxisf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{. of] rng g/f]s]df yf?x? cfly{s b[li6n] dfly p7\g cem} lgs} ;do nfU5.’

kqsf/ 5ljnfn rf}w/L a;, hLksf] rng /f]s]/ 8f]nf–8f]nLsf] /LltnfO{ k'gM lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5. o;f] ubf{ vr{df lgs} s6f}tL x'g] / k'/fgf] k/Dk/f klg hf]luG5– pxf“ eGg'x'G5. yf? hfltdf afn ljjfx w]/} xb;Dd /f]lsPsf] 5. ToxL 3/ 5f]/L lbg], ToxL 3/af6 a'xf/L Nofpg] emf“uf k|yf eg] yf? ;dfhdf oBlk ljBdfg /x]sf] 5.

yf? sNof0f sfl/0fL ;efsf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf sltko sfo{stf{x? ax'ljjfxnfO{ /f]Sg'sf] ;§f cfkm} ax'ljjfxdf af“lwPsf 5g\. ax'ljjfx ug]{nfO{ sf/afxL ug'{sf] ;§f cfkm} To;df ?dlNnPkl5 ;dfh ;'wf/sf cGo If]q klg af“emf] /xg k'u]sf] 5. hf“8/S;Ldf e'n]sf yf?x? cfDbfgL s;/L a9fpg] eGbf klg vr{ s;/L a9fpg]df xf]8afhL ul//x]sf 5g\. ljjfx h'g;'s} ;dfhdf cfkm}df Ps dxŒjk"0f{ ;+:sf/ xf]. cGo ;dfhdf em}+ yf?x?df klg ljjfxdf t8s–e8s b]vfO{ kmh'n vr{ ug]{ k|j[lQn] lj:tf/} h/f] uf8\b}5. h;n] ;dfhsf] enf] sbflk x'"b}g.

ljjfxsf cGo k|sf/

yf?x?df k/Dk/fut lax] k4ltafx]s lax]sf cGo b'O{ k|sf/ klg 5g\, px«L ef]h / 3/ a}7fO ef]h. s]6fn] s]6L eufP/ nuL k|]dljjfx ePsf]nfO{ klZrddf yf?x?n] ‘px«L ef]h’ eG5g\. o;df s]6L eufP/ nu]sf] s]6f]n] xfdL kmnfgf ufp“df 5f}+ eg]/ va/ k7fp“5. s]6fsf] cleefjsn] :jLs[lt lbPdf pm b'nxL lnP/ 3/ cfp“5. pgLx?nfO{ k5f{P/ 3/ leœofOG5. o:tf] ‘px«L ef]h’ nfO{ yf? ;dfhn] g/fd|f] b[li6n] x]g]{ u/]sf] 5.

yf? ;dfhdf ljwjf ljjfxn] dfGotf kfPsf] b]lvG5. nf]Ug]n] :jf:gL 5f8]df of s'g} :jf:gLdfG5]n] nf]Ug] 5f8L al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf cu'jfn] To:tf PlSnPsfsf] ;DaGw hf]l8lbg] k|of; u5{g\. ljwjf jf ljw'/ hLjg latfO/x]sfx? klg o:tfdf kg{ ;S5g\. b'j}tkm{sf] s'/f] ldn]df s]6LnfO{ s]6fsf] 3/df NofP/ /flvG5. ;f“em ufp“sf] rf}af6f]df s]/fsf] vDaf ufl8Psf] 7fp“df b'nfxf–b'nxLnfO{ NofOG5. b'nfxfn] s]/fsf] af]6nfO{ b]vfP/ b'nxLnfO{ ;f]W5– ‘of] s] xf]<’ To;sf] k|To'Q/df b'nxLn] ‘tkfO{+sf] hf/ xf]’ eG5]. b'nxfn] ‘sf6f}+’ eGg] k'gM k|Zg ubf{ b'nxLaf6 sf6\gf];\ eGg] :jLs[lt kfp“5. To;kl5 b'nfxfn] s]/fsf] af]6nfO{ 5Ksfp“5. clg kl5{g] ljlw u/]kl5 of] lax] klg ;lsG5. k/Dk/fut ljjfx k4ltsf] t'ngfdf of] lax] lgs} sd vr{df ;DkGg x'G5.

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