/f0ffsfnLg b/af/sf] vf]hL

h]7 !( ut] /fhb/af/df aLeT; xTofsf08 dlRrPkl5 36gf:yn lqe'jg ;bg eTsfOg] s'/fn] Jofks rrf{ kfof]. gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/kl/;/leq lgld{t b/af/x¿ o:t} xTofsf08 tyf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 a]nfa]nfdf eTsfP/ Wj:t kfg]{ / ;f] :yfgdf gof“ b/af/ agfpg] k|rng /x“b} cfPsf] b]lvG5.

xfn gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/ /x]sf] :yfgdf kmToh+u zfxsf] b/af/ aGg'cl3 wf]snl;+x a:g]tsf] af;:yfg /x]sf] egfO 5.

lj=;++ !()# ebf} #! ut] /ftL sf]tkj{ x'“bf o; :yfgdf k|wfgdGqL rf}tl/of kmToh+u zfxsf] b/af/ lyof]. ;f] eofgs /ftdf rf}tl/of kmToh+u zfxsf] pQm b/af/df xTof u/L sf]tkj{ cf/De ePkl5 b]zsf] zf;g /f0ffx¿sf] xftdf uof] / kmToh+u zfxsf] b/af/;lxt ;Dk"0f{ gf/fo0flx6L sDkfpG8 s0f]{n /0ff]2Lkl;+xsf] dftxtdf cfof]. /0ff]2Lkn] kmToh+usf] k'/fgf] gf/fo0flx6L dd{t / s]xL yk u/L a;f]af; u/]. kl5 lj=;+= !(## df /0ff]2Lk ;Qfdf cfPkl5 To; gf/fo0flx6L b/af/nfO{ cem eJo;“u lgdf{0f u/fP.

/0ff]2Lkn] agfPsf] ;f] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ o'/f]lkog z}nLsf] clt eJo lyof]. o'/f]kaf6 NofOPsf emf/, lqm:6nnufot c¿ dx“uf ;fdfgaf6 of] b/af/ ;hfOPsf] lyof]. b/af/sf] aDaO{ rf]sleq / aflx/ klZrd nª eJo;“u lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof]. o; aDaO{ rf]sleq /0ff]2Lk l;+xn] ‘eSs'nfO{ /f“uf]’ lbg] ub{y]. clxn] nfv]n] nfpg]h:t} dv'08f] nufPsf] t/af/;lxtsf] dx;'/ JolQm;“u le8Gt ug{ To; a]nf dlb/f v'jfP/ /f“uf]nfO{ rf]sdf 5f]l8GYof]. dflg; / /f“uf]sf] eofgs le8Gt x'GYof] eg] /fhf tyf efOef/bf/x¿ bz{ssf ¿kdf x'Gy]. of] xfn :k]gdf x'g]] vt/gfs v]n ‘a'n kmfO6’ h:t} xf]. o:tf] v]ndf slxn]sfxL“ dflg;sf] klg d[To' x'GYof]. kl5 of] k|rng aGb eof]. /0ff]]2Lk l;+xn] kl5 o; b/af/nfO{ cem eJo agfp“b} nu]sf lyP. logL lgM;Gtfg ePsfn] b/af/ l;+ufg]{ tyf ;/;kmfO ug]{ sfddf v"a Wofg lbGy]. efOef/bf/x¿n] rf]sleq xf]nL v]Ng] rng;d]t rnfPsf lyP.

lj=;+= !($@ sflQsdf k|wfgdGqL /0ff]2Lk l;+xsf] if8\oGqk"j{s xTof o;} b/af/sf] blIf0f nªsf] sf]7fdf eof]. o;} nªaf6 :j= /0ff]2Lk l;+xsf] d[tz/L/nfO{ v8\uzdz]/, 8Da/zdz]/, eLdzdz]/ / ;'Aaf anjfg l;+xn] ntfb}{ tn k6fl·gLdf ;}lgs hjfgx¿nfO{ b]vfpg NofPsf lyP.

/0ff]2Lksf] xTof zdz]/ vnsx¿n] u/]kl5 jL/zdz]/ ;Qfdf cfP. jL/zdz]/ ;f] xTofsf08 dlRrPsf] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/df a:g rx]gg\. pgn] ;f]xL jif{ df3 dlxgfdf ;f] eJo b/af/ hu}b]lv eTsfpg nufO{ zflGt–:jl:tsf ;fy} cg]s xf]dflb ug{ nufP. To;kl5 k|l;4 sflnu9 hf]unfn :yflkt ‘efh'dfg’ åf/f ;f]xL :yfgdf csf]{ eJo gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ lgdf{0f ug{ nufP. lj=;+= !($# sf] cflv/Llt/ clt eJo gof“ gf/fo0flx6L b/af/sf] lgdf{0fsfo{ ;DkGg eof].

 To; a]nf xg'dfg9f]sf /fhb/af/ Hofb} ;f“3'/f] x'g'sf ;fy} hL0f{;d]t ePsf] / rf/}tkm{ ;x/–ahf/ ePsf] x'“bf /f]uJofw, xf]xNnf x'g] ePsfn] k|wfgdGqL jL/zdz]/n] >L % k[YjL jL/ ljqmd zfxnfO{ xg'dfg 9f]sf /fhb/af/af6 pQm gf/fo0flx6L b/af/df /fv]kl5 gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ ‘/fhb/af/’df kl/0ft eof].

lj=;+= !(() df cfPsf] dxfe"sDkn] ;f] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ elTsg uO{ lqe'jgsf b'O{ /fhs'df/Lx¿sf] d[To';d]t eof]. To;kl5 pQm b/af/nfO{ dd{t u/L k|of]udf NofOof].o;/L lh0ff]{4f/ ubf{ To; /fhb/af/sf] blIf0ftkm{ cufl8 >L % lqe"jgn] tTsfnLg OlGhlgo/ ;"o{h+u yfkfåf/f / b'j}tkm{af6 e¥ofª agfpg nufPsf lyP.

o; /fhb/af/leq To; a]nf cg]s pT;jx¿ x'Gy]. eSs'nfO{ /f“uf] lbg], xf]nL v]Ng] sfd b/af/sf] rf]sdf x'GYof]. To; gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/ kl/;/leq >L % lqe'jgaf6 eJo a·nf, lrl8ofvfgf, kf]v/L, :jLldª k'n, 6]lg; sf]6{, km'6an d}bfg, ljlnof8{ sf]7f cflbsf] lgdf{0f u/fOPsf] lyof] eg] tflnd] gfgLx¿ gfRg], ufpg] clego ug]{ eJo d~r klg agfOPsf] lyof]. @))& ;fn kmfu'g & ut] >L % lqe'jgaf6 oxL gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/af6 k|hftGq 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof].

a]nfotL z}nLsf] of] eJo b/af/ /fhf dx]Gb|sf] zf;gsfndf eTsfO{ cfw'lgs z}nLsf] xfnsf] gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/ agfOof].

h]7 !(, @)%* sf] xTofsf08kl5 of] b/af/df z"Gotf 5fPsf] 5.

g]kfndf a]nfotL z}nLsf ljzfn b/af/x¿ agfpg] rng /f0ffsfndf ;'? ePsf] b]lvG5. o; cjlwdf lgdf{0f ePsf ljzfn b/af/x¿df clxn] klg w]/} ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿ /x]sf 5g\. oL b/af/x¿ /f0ff zf;gsfnsf 7"nf pknlAwx¿ x'g\. /f0ffx¿sf] ;f]vsf sf/0f agfOPsf oL eJo b/af/x¿ clxn] j/bfgh:t} ePsf 5g\. oL b/af/x¿n] /f0ffx¿sf] ! ;o $ jif{sf] zf;gsfnsf] cl:tTjnfO{ ef}lts¿kdf cem} k|:t't ul//x]sf] k|tLt x'G5. jf:tjdf oL b/af/ /f0ff zf;gsfnsf Ho"“bf Oltxf; x'g\. oL eJo b/af/sf 7"nf sDkfpG8df /f]lkPsf ¿vx¿n] sf7df8f}+sf] xl/ofnLnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd hf]ufO/fv]sf] b]lvG5.

oL b/af/x¿ agfp“bf To; a]nf l;d]G6 gePsfn] df;, rfs', lkgf / r'gsf] ld>0faf6 jh|sf] sfd u/fO{ O“6f hf]8\g] sfd ul/GYof]. b/af/x¿df sf7, kmnfd, ;·d/d/sf] cTolws k|of]u x'GYof]. w]/} lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ef/t / o'/f]kaf6 dufOGYof].

g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df lgs} dxŒj /fVg] o:tf snfTds / eJo b/af/x¿sf] ;DaGwdf /f0ffsfnLg Oltxf;ljb\ k'?iff]Qdzdz]/ /f0ffn] lbg'ePsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df of] n]v tof/ ul/Psf] 5.

;]tf] b/af/sf] ;fg

b/af/x¿sf] ;Gbe{df jL/zdz]/åf/f lgld{t ;]tf] b/af/ Oltxf;d} dxŒjk"0f{ :yfg /fVg] o'/f]k]nL z}nLsf] b/af/ xf]. of] b/af/ jL/zdz]/ k|wfgdGqL eO;s]kl5 sflnu9 hf]unfnnfO{ agfpg nufPsf x'g\. lj=;+= !($@ df lgdf{0f ;'? ul/Psf] of] b/af/sf] nflu # ;o &% /f]kgL hUuf Hofk"x¿;“u k|lt/f]kgL ^) ?lkof“sf b/n] jL/zdz]/n] lsg]sf lyP.

;]tf] b/af/sf] cufl8tkm{sf] agf]6 sf]nsfQfsf] j]Ne]l8o/ Kofn];h:t} u/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof]. lj=;+= !(@* df h+uaxfb'/n] !( jif{sf jL/zdz]/nfO{ jlsnsf] ¿kdf sf]nsfQf k7fPsf lyP. zfob To;} a]nf ;f] b/af/sf] 5fk k/]sf] x'g'k5{.

a}7ssf]7fdf 7"nf–7"nf lqm:6n tyf emf/x¿ lyP. afb{nLsf af/x¿ klg lqm:6ns} lyP. O6flnog dfa{n 6]a'nx¿dfly 7"nf–7"nf a]lNhod P]gfx¿ leQfdf nufOPsf lyP. a}7sdf ;hfOPsf] ;f]kmf, sf}r, d]rnufot ;Dk"0f{ kmlg{r/x¿ a]nfotdf kmlg{r/ k|bz{gL x'“bf k'/:sf/ k|fKt kmlg{r/x¿ lyP. oLnufot c¿ ;hfj6sf dx“uf j:t'x¿ ;a} o'/f]kaf6 dufOPsf lyP. a}7sdf @@ lkm6 cUnf / !@ lkm6 uf]nfO ePsf cf7j6f ljzfn ;]tf :kml6s vDaf (Crystal Pillar) h8fg ul/Psf lyP.

o'/f]kaf6 dufOPsf oL vDafx¿ ef/tsf] ;f]gk'/;Dd /]nåf/f / ;f]gk'/af6 eLdkm]bL;Dd uf8f, aUuL, xfQL / Toxf“af6 dflg;åf/f g} af]sfP/ sf7df8f}+ NofOPsf lyP. To; a]nf g]kfndf s'g} klg df]6/, 6«s tyf xjfO{hxfh rNb}gy]. t}klg cTolws tf}n ePsf o:tf ;dfgx¿ s;/L NofOk'¥ofOof] xf]nf eGg] ;a}nfO{ cfZro{ nfUg' :jfefljs xf]. emf/, kmfg'; / lbjfn lu/Lsf ;fdfgx¿ klg htg;“u af]s]/ o;}u/L NofOPsf lyP.

of] 7"nf] a}7sdfly csf]{ ‘nfna}7s’ lyof]. o; a}7sdf hl8Psf ;a} emf/, kmfg';, lbjfn lu/L, kmlg{r/, un}+rf, kbf{, em\ofn–9f]sf, l;lnªsf ;fy} leQfdf ;hfOPsf ;a} ;fdfgx¿ /ftf] /+usf dfq lyP. lj=;++= !(%& df jL/zdz]/sf] d[To'kl5 of] ;]tf] b/af/df pgs} h]7f 5f]/f u]x]Gb|zdz]/ a;]. lj=;+= !(^$ df u]x]Gb|zdz]/sf] d[To''kl5 pgsf 5f]/f nLnfzdz]/n] ;]tf] b/af/sf] 7"nf] a}7s / /ftf] a}7s k|of]u ug{ yfn].

To; a]nf g]kfn cfpg] ljb]zL kfx'gfx¿n] jL/zdz]/sf] 7"nf] a}7s cjnf]sg ug]{ sfo{qmd klg /fv]sf x'Gy]. rGb|zdz]/sf] zf;gsfndf -lj=;+= !(&)_ ljZjljVoft wgf9\o df]l/; /km rfON8 ljZje|d0f ub}{ rGb|zdz]/sf] kfx'gfsf] ¿kdf eLdkm]bLaf6 tfdbfgdf a;L sf7df8f}+ cfP / Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmdcg';f/ pQm 7"nf] a}7sdf k'u]. 9f]sfdf v'§f /fVgf;fy df]l/; a}7ssf] eJotf b]v]/ ‘cf]x/’ eGg k'u]sf] s'/f 9f]sfdf :jfutfy{ a;]sf nLnfzdz]/n] cfkm"nfO{ atfPsf] s'/f k'?iff]Qdzdz]/ /f0ff atfpg'x'G5. pgn] ;f] a}7ssf] eJotfaf6 k|efljt eO{ nLnfzdz]/;“u cfkm"n] Toxf“ /flqef]h cfof]hgf ug{ rfx]sf] atfP. To;kl5 rGb|zdz]/n] g} ;f] a}7sdf eJo /flqef]hsf] cfof]hgf u/]. To; ef]hdf rGb|zdz]/sf d'Vo kfx'gf df]l/;n] b'O{ af]tn ;f]8f dfu]sfn] ;f] gePsf] x'“bf ;Dk"0f{ /f0ffhLx¿sxf“ vf]Hg k7fP t/ sxL“ kfPgg\. kl5 zxLb wd{eQmsf a'af ;'Aaf cflbeQmsxf“af6 b'O{ af]tn ;f]8f NofO{ rGb|zdz]/n] nfh arfPsf lyP.

/f0ff zf;gsfnsf] ;fgsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] of] eJo ;]tf] b/af/ lj=;+= !(() a}zfvdf cfunfuL eO{ Wj:t eof]. of] b/af/sf] af“sL s]xL efudf xfn PgcfO8L;Lsf] sfof{no a;]sf] 5.xfn bfdf]b/zdz]/ a;]sf] c+z klg ;]tf] b/af/s} If]qsf] xf].

h"jf lht]/ agfOPsf] ‘s]z/dxn’sf] au}+rf

gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/sf] klZrdkl§ cUnf ¿v;lxtsf] au}+rf ePsf] ljzfn b/af/ xfn s]z/dxnsf] gfdn] lrlgG5. rGb|zdz]/ ;Qfdf cfPkl5  OlGhlgo/x¿ s'df/g/l;+x /f0ff / lszf]/g/l;+x /f0ffnfO{ Ps eJo b/af/ agfpg nufP. of] dxn tof/ ePkl5 rGb|zdz]/n] cf?gf] ;flx“nf 5f]/f s]z/zdz]/nfO{ lbP. To;kl5 of] b/af/ ‘s]z/dxn’sf] gfdn] k|Voft ePsf] 5. of] b/af/sf w]/} ;fdu|Lx¿ klg aflx/}af6 NofOPsf lyP. of] b/af/ k|l;4 au}+rf, /l;s tyf h'jf8] /f0ffx¿sf] rl/q;“u klg hf]l8Psf] 5.

s]z/zdz]/n] >L % k[YjLsL h]7L zfxhfbL nIdLlbJoZj/L b]jL;“u ljjfx u/]sf lyP. rGb|zdz]/sf] k|wfg ;]gfklt / /fhsfh;DaGwL sfd ug{ bfh'x¿ df]xgzdz]/ / aa/zdz]/ ePsfn] logn] ;fwf/0f lhDd]jf/L ;DxfnL vfGbfgL 5ljcg';f/ 5]85f8 ug]{ / d:tLsf] hLjg latfpg] u/]. logL l;+xb/af/df ga;L cf?gf] s]z/dxnd} ;'/f–;'Gb/Lx¿;“u Hofbf ;do latfp“y]. pgn] afa'af6 k|z:t} vr{ kfp“y] eg] zfxhfbLn] klg k|z:t} bfOhf] NofPsL lyOg\, h'g s]z/zdz]/n] s]6Lx¿sf] lgldQ p8fP. cf?gf] afa'sf] @( jif]{ zf;gsfndf logn] jL/ k':tsfnoaf6 clwsf+z lstfax¿ cf];f/]. zf;ssf] 5f]/f ePsfn] sf]xL af]Ng ;Qm}gy]. gof“ k':ts k|sflzt x'gf;fy logn] lsGg] klg u/]sf lyP.

o;sf ;fy} pgnfO{ afa' rGb|zdz]/nfO{ h:t} h'jf v]Ng] ;f]v lyof]. Ps k6s rGb|zdz]/sf] pkrf/sf nflu sf]nsfQfaf6 8f= gLn/Tg cfPsf lyP. rGb|zdz]/n] pgnfO{ sf}8f xfgL h"jf v]n]sf] b]vfp“bf 8fS6/n] pgnfO{ d'6'sf] /f]u ePsf] / xf/hLt x'“bf d'6'df c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n] h"jf gv]Ng ;'emfj lbPkl5 rGb|zdz]/ vfndf ga;L k/} a;]/ Rof“v] yfKg] uy]{.

Ps lbg k|wfgdGqL rGb|zdz]/ h"jfsf] vfneGbf cln k/ a;]sf a]nf pgn] s;n] s'g bfpn] xfGg nfUof] egL k|Zg u/]. hjfkmdf s;}n] ‘;flx“nf h;f{a -s]z/zdz]/_n] k~hf bfpn] xfGg nfluaS;]sf] 5’ eg]5. rGb|zdz]/n] t'?Gt} d]/f] ltof bfpdf Ps nfv eg]5g\. zfob pgsf] dgdf olt 7"nf] /sd xflGbg eG5 eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] xf]nf, t/ s]z/zdz]/n] t'?Gt} sf}8f kmflnxfn]5g\ / df/]5g\ klg. sf}8f ( 7f8f & 3f]K6f k/]/ df/]sf /x]5g\. o;/L afa' rGb|zdz]/sf] 7"nf] /sd h"jfdf df/]sf] #÷$ dlxgfkl5 s]z/zdz]/n] cf?gf] ‘s]z/ dxn’df eJo au}+rf lgdf{0f u/fp“b} 5 eGg] s'/f rGb|zdz]/n] rfn kfPkl5 pgn] 5f]/f s]z/zdz]/nfO{ ‘d}n] t“nfO{ bfh'efOx¿;/x g} au}+rf agfOlbPs} 5', oqf] vr{ u/L au}+rf lsg agfpg nflu;\< cf?gf] x}l;ot klg ljrf/ ug'{k5{’ eg]5g\.

o;/L xKsfPsf] # dlxgfkl5 s]z/zdz]/n] a'af rGb|zdz]/ / sfG5L d'df afns'df/L b]jLnfO{ s]z/dxndf lgDTofP. rGb|zdz]/ s]z/dxnsf] au}+rfleq k:g'cufl8 ljzfn 9f]sfsf] rf/}tkm{ 7"nf–7"nf cfsf/sf ( j6f sf}8f pQfgf] / & j6f sf}8f 3f]K6f] kf/L agfPsf] 9f]sftkm{ cf}+Nofp“b} s]z/zdz]/n] cf?gf afa'nfO{ ‘d}n] o;}n] of] au}+rf agfPsf] x'“’ egL b]vfP5g\.

afa' rGb|zdz]/n] klg ‘agfpg t agfO5;\ t/ o; au}+rfsf] /fd|f] ef]u ug{ kfpnf;\ /<’ eg]5g\. lj=;+= @)@! df s]z/zdz]/sf] d[To'kl5 pgsf] OR5fadf]lhd s]z/ k':tsfno >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] / cfh of] dxndf lzIff dfGqfnonufot o;cGtu{tsf sfof{nox¿ 5g\. ;fy} o;sf] hL0ff]{åf/ x'gnfu]sf] 5.

l;+xb/af/ a]r]/ 8]9 s/f]8 gfkmf vfOof]

Ps lbg k|wfgdGqL rGb|zdz]/ cf?gf] nflu agfOPsf] ljzfn b/af/sf] lg/LIf0f ub}{ sfG5L a8fdxf/fgL afns'df/Lb]jL;“u b/af/sf] sf};Ldf k'u]. rGb|zdz]/n] sf}zLaf6 afub/af/ b]v]sfn] cf}+Nofp“b} ‘pm afub/af/’ egL afns'df/LnfO{ b]vfP. afns'df/Ln] ‘dxf/fh Tof] afub/af/ xf] eg] of] b/af/nfO{ l;+xb/af/ eGg s;f] xf]nf’ eg]/  ;f]lw5g\. rGb|zdz]/n] d';'Ss xf“:b} ;f] gof“ b/af/sf] gfd ‘l;+xb/af/’ /flvlbP.

rGb|zdz]/ ;Qfdf cfPkl5 -!(%*÷#÷!)_ pgn] cf?gf] nflu b/af/sf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/]sfn] jL/zdz]/åf/f lgld{t ;]tf]b/af/ / nfnb/af/ vl/b ug]{ dg;fon] dflxnf kl08t sflzgfy cfrfo{ / l8NnLzdz]/ yfkfnfO{ s'/f ug{ k7fP. t]hzdz]/n] cf?gf] nfnb/af/sf] ljifodf eg] ‘dxf/fhnfO{ rflxP 6qmØfp“5' t/ d'df -sfG5L a8fdxf/fgL_nfO{ sxf“ /fv"“<’ egL k|Zg u/L k7fP. u]x]Gb|zdz]/n] cf?gf] ;]tf]b/af/sf] ljifodf ‘d}n] dfu]sf] /sd s] dxf/fhaf6 lbg ;lsaS;G5< klxn] o; ljifodf hjfkm a'emL dsxf“ cfpm’ egL hjfkm k7fP.

rGb|zdz]/n] ;]tf]b/af/ / nfnb/af/ vl/b u/L lng] cf“6 ug{ g;sL hLtzdz]/sf] nflhDkf6 b/af/ / ?b|zdz]/sf] rf/a'hf{ b/af/ ^÷^ nfv ?lkof“ lbO{ vl/b ug]{ s'/f x'“bf b'j} hgfn] ‘dxf/fhnfO{ rflxP lng'xf];\, hf] lgufx’ eg]sfn] rGb|zdz]/n] b'j} b/af/ vl/b ug]{ t/v/ ul//x]sf a]nf OlGhlgo/x¿ s'df/g/l;+x /f0ff / lszf]/g/l;+x /f0ffn] rGb|zdz]/;“u ‘dxf/fh/ logL ;f]emfx¿sf] lrQ lsg b'vfOaS;G5, jif{ lbgd} dxf/fh nfossf] gof“ b/af/ lgdf{0f ul/lbG5f}+’ eg]sfn] rGb|zdz]/n] gof“ b/af/sf] lgdf{0f u/fpg nufP, h'g cfh l;+xb/af/ gfdn] k|Voft 5.

jL/zdz]/n] ;]tf]b/af/ / nfnb/af/ agfp“bf /f]kgLsf] ^) ?lkof“sf] b/n] hUuf lsg]sf] eP klg d 8]9L cyf{t\ () ?lkof“ lbG5' egL @ ;o %) /f]kgL hUuf vl/b u/L l;+xb/af/sf] lgdf{0f ;'? u/fP. ;'?df l7Sssf] b/af/ agfp“5' eg] klg kl5 eJo b/af/ agfP.

b/af/ lgs} 7"nf] agfOPsf] eP klg of] b/af/ agfp“bf %) nfv ?lkof“eGbf a9L gnfu]sf] cg'dfg 5. lsgeg] b/af/ lgdf{0fsf] lgldQ ;Dk"0f{ sf7 sf7df8f}+glhssf] h+un -5l/of_ af6 s6fO{ emnf/Låf/f cf];fg{ nufOPsf] lyof]. l;sdL{, 8sdL{sf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;]gf, k|x/L, lkkf, bn]n, s}bLx¿af6} u/fOPsf] lyof]. s'g} s'g} sfd dfq lbgsf] $–^ k};f lbP/ Hofnfbf/Ldf nufOGYof]. aLraLrdf /f“uf] vfg]x¿nfO{ /f“uf] / v;L vfg]x¿nfO{ v;L sf6L ef]h v'jfOGYof]. rGb|zdz]/sf] vf; vr{ eg]sf] ef/taf6 NofOg] sLnf–sf“6f, /]lnª, kfOk cflbdf x'GYof]. tL ;fdfgsf] klg eG;f/ ltg'{kb}{gYof]. tL ;fdfgx¿ klg ;a} emnf/Låf/f sf7df8f}+ cf];fl/GYof]. o; sf/0f of] b/af/sf] lgdf{0f vr{ %) nfv ?lkof“eGbf a9L gePsf] s'/f a"9fkfsfx¿ atfp“5g\.

of] b/af/sf] ;Dk"0f{ lgdf{0fsfo{ ;lsPkl5 rGb|zdz]/n] ‘ef/bf/L ;ef’sf] u7g u/L ;a};dIf ‘cfhb]lv hf] >L # dxf/fh cf} k|wfgdGqL x'G5 pxL o; l;+xb/af/df a:g kfp“g]5, t;y{ of] l;+xb/af/ d}n] cfh}b]lv g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ a]lrlbP“’ egL ‘sf};L’ gfds 9's'6Laf6 rGb|zdz]/n] ;j{k|yd df] ?= @ s/f]8 lemlslnP. of] b/af/ a]r]/ rGb|zdz]/n] 8]9 s/f]8 ?lkof“ gfkmf vfPsf] s'/f k'?iff]Qdzdz]/ /f0ff atfpg'x'G5. pxf“sf cg';f/ h+uaxfb'/n] lj=;+= !(@% df efO, 5f]/f, elthf, ef/bf/, h+uL, lghfdtL, u'?–k'/f]lxt, ;Gt–dxGt, ;fx"–dxfhg, eb|–enfb\dL, /}tL ;a}nfO{ ;Sbf] hDdf u/fpg 7fp“–7fp“df ;"rgf u/L Ol:txf/ 6f“;L 9\ofª\u|f] lk6\g nufO{ ;"rgf u/]/ 6'“l8v]nsf] v/Lsf] af]6d'lg ;Sbf] Psq u/L rf}tf/faf6 h+uaxfb'/n] jQmJo lb+b} ‘b]zdf ;°6sfnLg cj:yf cfOk/] jf b}ljk|sf]k k/]df dfq o; 9's'6Ldf /flvPsf] ;DklQ lemsL k|of]u ug"{ cGoyf gug"{, a? kl5 x'g] ‘dxfdTo’ x¿n] o; 9's'6Ldf ;Sbf] c¿ ;DklQ yk ub]{ hfg"’ egL hDdf df]= ?= !! s/f]8 sf};L gfds 9's'6Ldf /flvlbPsf lyP t/ rGb|zdz]/n] o;sf] b'?kof]u u/].

rGb|zdz]/n] @( jif{sf] zf;gsfndf @* jif{;Dd To; b/af/df df]h u/]. lj=;+= !(*^ d+;L/ #) df rGb|zdz]/sf] d[To'kl5 l;+xb/af/df eLdzdz]/ -6·fnb/af/af6 ;/L_ a;].

eLdzdz]/sf] d[To' lj=;+= !(*( ebf} !& df ePkl5 h'4zdz]/ hfpnfv]n b/af/af6 ;/L l;+xbaf/df a;]. h'4zdz]/n] o;} l;+xb/af/af6 rf/ hgf cd/ zxLbx¿ z'qm/fh, wd{eQm, bz/yrGb / u+ufnfnnfO{ d[To'b08 ;'gfpg" egL ljz]if cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿nfO{ c/fPsf lyP / ;f]cg';f/ ePsf] lyof].

lj=;+= @))@ d+;L/ !$ ut] h'4zdz]/ hf]uLsf] 9f]ª /rL cu]{nLtkm{ nfu]kl5 kb\dzdz]/ l;+xb/af/df ;g'{kg]{ xf] t/ pgL ;g{ g;sL cf?g} ljzfngu/ b/af/d} a;].

lj=;+= @))$ kmfu'g !* ut] kb\dzdz]/ pkrf/sf lgldQ ef/ttkm{ nfu]. oxL df}sfdf df]xgzdz]/ -@))% a}zfv !_ hah{:tL dxf/fhuGhl:yt nIdL lgjf;af6 l;+xb/af/df ;/]/ a;]. df]xgzdz]/sf afa' rGb|zdz]/n] l;+xb/af/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ @ s/f]8 ?lkof“df a]Rbf hf] >L # dxf/fh
-k|wfgdGqL_ x'G5 pxL of] b/af/df a:g kfpg]5 eg]sf lyP, t/ 5f]/f df]xgzdz]/ ‘d'lVtof/L’ kbd} x'“bf l;+xb/af/df l5/]. To;kl5 lj=;++ @))% a}zfv !^ ut] kb\dzdz]/n] ef/t /f“rLaf6} /fhLgfdf n]vL k7fP.

@))& ;fn kmfu'g & ut] k|hftGq cfPkl5 ;f] l;+xb/af/ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cwLgdf cfof]. df]xgzdz]/nfO{ ;s];Dd l56f] l;+xb/af/ 5f]8\g afWo u/fOof]. To;kl5 df]xgzdz]/ nIdL lgjf;d} ;/]. To;kl5 ;f] l;+xb/af/ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;lrjfnodf kl/0ft eof]. @)#) c;f/ @% ut] ;f]daf/ of] eJo b/af/df cfunfuL eof]. tf]ksf] uf]nf xfgL–xfgL 6'qmØfPkl5 b/af/sf] cufl8sf] df]x8f dfq aRof]. c¿ ;Dk"0f{ l;+xb/af/ hn]/ eid eof]. k5fl8sf] s]xL efu kl5 ylkof]. cfh klg of] b/af/ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;lrjfnosf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5.

rGb|zdz]/n] agfPsf cGo b/af/x¿

rGb|zdz]/n] OlGhlgo/x¿ s'df/g/l;+x /f0ff / lszf]/g/l;+x /f0ffåf/f h]7f 5f]/f df]xgzdz]/sf lgldQ nIdL lgjf; agfpg nufPsf lyP. df]xgzdz]/n] o;nfO{ emG8} l;+xb/af/h:t} ljzfn agfPsf lyP. lj=;+= !(() sf] dxfe"sDkn] of] b/af/nfO{ lgs} Iflt k'¥ofof]. o;nfO{ hL0ff]{4f/ u/fOof]. & ;fndf k|hftGq cfP klg @))* ;fndf dfq df]xgzdz]/ kbRo"t eP. To;kl5 logL ljb]lzPkl5 nIdL lgjf; >L % sf] ;/sf/n] clwu|x0f u¥of]. zLtn lgjf;cufl8 /x]sf] of] b/af/ xfn ;]gfsf] cwLgdf 5.

xfn >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cwLgdf /x]sf] ‘aa/dxn’ rGb|zdz]/n] ltg} b'O{ hgf /f0ff OlGhlgo/x¿åf/f agfpg nufO{ dflxnf 5f]/f d]h/ hg/n aa/zdz]/nfO{ tf]lslbPsf lyP. of] dxn ePsf] 7fp“ To;cl3;Dd yfkfynLsf gfdn] lrlgGYof]. aa/zdz]/sf] gfddf b/af/sf] gfds/0f ePkl5 ;f] :yfgsf] gfd g} ‘aa/dxn’ eof]. !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkn] o; b/af/nfO{ klg lgs} 7"nf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] lyof]. aa/zdz]/n] o;sf] hL0ff]{4f/ u/fP. @))& ;fnsf] k|hftGqkl5 logL /IffdGqL ePsf lyP. To;sf] s]xL lbgd} b]z 5f]8L ;bfsf]  nflu a]·nf]/ knfog ePkl5 of] b/af/ clwu|x0fdf k¥of].

xfn k//fi6« dGqfno /x]sf] zLtn lgjf; rGb|zdz]/n] ltg} b'O{ /f0ff OlGhlgo/x¿åf/f lgdf{0f u/fO{ cf?gL h]7L a8fdxf/fgLsf sfG5f 5f]/f d]h/ hg/n s[i0fzdz]/sf lgldQ tf]lslbPsf lyP. !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkn] of] b/af/nfO{ klg lgs} Iflt k'¥ofof]. s[i0fzdz]/n] o; zLtn lgjf; b/af/nfO{ cfw'lgs tl/sfaf6 lgdf{0f u/fpg nufP. lj=;+= @))% df bfh'x¿ df]xgzdz]/, aa/zdz]/ / efO z+s/zdz]/n] cg]s bfpk]r ug]{, b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ u/]kl5 pgn] hflu/af6 /fhLgfdf lbg'sf ;fy} cf?gf] zLtn lgjf; / Toxf“ ePsf ;Dk"0f{ kmlg{r/x¿, ;hfj6sf ;fdfg, @ j6f aUuL, Ps df]6/ / zLtn lgjf; dd{tsf nflu df]=?= # nfv @@ xhf/ * ;o @ g]kfn a}+sdf /fvL g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ck{0f u/]. To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 cf?gL /fgL sfG5L zfxhfbLnfO{ ;fydf lnO{ a}·nf]/lt/ knfog eP.

rGb|zdz]/n] cf?gL sfG5L a8fdxf/fgL afns'df/L b]jL, lghtkm{s} h]7f 5f]/f lji0f'zdz]/ / sfG5f 5f]/f dbgzdz]/sf lgldQ k'Nrf]sdf ‘>L lgjf;’ gfds ljzfn b/af/ agfO{ tf]lslbPsf lyP. lj=;+= !(*^ df rGb|zdz]/sf] d[To' eO{ eLdzdz]/ ;Qfdf cfPkl5 pgL ef/t–jf/f0f;Lglhs ef]nfk'/ eGg] 7fp“df eJo dxn agfO{ al;g\. d]=h= lji0f'zdz]/ klg eLdzdz]/nfO{ yfx} glbO{ kfgLhxfhåf/f cd]l/sflt/ knfog eP. >L lgjf;df dbgzdz]/ a;]. >L lgjf; sDkfpG8sf] w]/}h;f] efu dbgzdz]/sL /fgLn] alS;; lbg'sf ;fy} a]rlavg;d]t ul/g\. dbgzdz]/sf b'O{ efO 5f]/f uf]kfnzdz]/ / pgsf efOn] klg hUdf / >L lgjf;sf] s]xL efu laqmL u/] eg] s]xL tf]8kmf]8 u/]. xfn >L lgjf;cufl8sf] sDkfpG8 ;femf oftfoftsf] sAhfdf 5.

xfn >L % sf] ;/sf/sf lgsfox¿ / dGqLx¿sf] Sjf6/ ePsf] xl/x/ejg rGb|zdz]/n] lgdf{0f ug{ nufO{ cf?gL sfG5L a8fdxf/fgL afns'df/Ltkm{sf dflxnf 5f]/f d]h/ hg/n z+s/zdz]/sf lgldQ tf]lslbPsf lyP. of] eJo b/af/ () ;fnsf] e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofP tfklg hL0ff]{4f/ u/fOPsf] lyof]. @))^ ;fndf z+s/zdz]/nfO{ df]xgzdz]/n] xh'l/of hg/nsf] kbaf6 x6fO{ a]nfotsf] /fhb"t agfO{ k7fPkl5 logL kmls{Pgg\. & ;fnsf] hgqmflGtkl5 xl/x/ejg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] clwu|x0f u¥of].

yfkfx¿sf] yfkfynLdf h+uaxfb'/sf] b/af/

rGb|zdz]/n] agfPsf] xfnsf] aa/dxn ePsf] :yfgdf h+uaxfb'/ zlQmzfnL k|wfgdGqL -!()#_ ePkl5 k|l;4 sflnu9 /g;'/ lji6åf/f -yfkfynL_ ljzfn % tn] b/af/ agfpg nufPsf lyP. b/af/sf] rf}yf] tnfdf h+uaxfb'/ a:y] eg] h+usf /fgL–dxf/fgLx¿ tNnf] tnfdf a:y].

h+usf sfG5f efO wL/zdz]/sf h]7f 5f]/f jL/zdz]/ u|x0f nfu]sf] cj:yfdf ‘d"n’ k/L hGd]sfn]
-lj=;+= !()(_ ;fngfn;lxt oxL yfkfynL b/af/df NofP/ k'tnL dxf/fgLsf] lhDdf nufOPsf] lyof]. Ps lbg -lj=;+= !(!& lt/_ ;f“em h+uaxfb'/ cf]5|\ofgdf kN6]/ lgbfpg nfu]sf a]nf sf]xL dflg; pgsf] sf]7fsf] 9f]sf vf]n]/ aflx/ uPsf] rfn kfP, t/ c“Wof/f] ePsfn] lrg]gg\. hu+axfb'/ 8/fP. l;/fgdf nf]8 u/]/ tof/L cj:yfdf /flvPsf] rf/gfn] e?jf aGb's l6k]/ aflx/ lg:s]. of] aGb's !()& df o'/f]k e|d0fdf hf“bf a]nfotsL dxf/fgL leS6f]l/ofn] pkxf/:j¿k lbPsL lyOg\. 9f]sfdf k'u]/ aGb's tfSbf Tof] dflg; e¥ofªdf k'lu;s]sfn] xfGg EofPgg\. h+uaxfb'/n] glrg]sf] Tof] dflg; jL/zdz]/ lyP. pgL v]Nbfv]Nb} knªd'lg lgbfPsfn] s;}n] b]v]sf lyPgg\. lgb|f v'n]kl5 8/fp“b} pgL sf]7faflx/ lg:s]sf lyP, t/ h+unfO{ of] s'/f yfxf lyPg.

9f]sfaf6 xfGg gEofPkl5 h+uaxfb'/ rf]6f gf3]/ e¥ofªsf] 6fpsf]df k'uL aGb's tfs]. Tolt a]nf;Dd jL/zdz]/ tNnf] tnfdf cf]ln{xfn], h+un] aGb's rnfpg} EofPgg\. h+uaxfb'/ l56f]l56f] tn cf]n]{. To; a]nf;Dd jL/zdz]/ k'tnL dxf/fgLsf] sf]7fsf] 9f]sf 7]nL dxf/fgLsf] c+ufnf]df kl/;s]sf lyP. h+uaxfb'/ /Gylg+b} aGb's lnP/ ToxL+ cfOk'u]. To;kl5 dfq jL/zdz]/nfO{ lrg]/ aGb's ;dftL yrSs a:b} ‘cfh d]/f] xftaf6 s;f] uf]qxTof ePg’ egL kl;gf sf9]5g\.

lj=;+= !(## df h+uaxfb'/sf] d[To' ePkl5 klg pgsf /fgL–dxf/fgLx¿ oxL b/af/df a:y]. !($@ ;fndf zdz]/ /f0ffx¿åf/f ljb|f]x ePkl5 of] b/af/ b]jzdz]/sf] xftdf uof]. h+usf ;Gtlt rf/ eGHofªleq a:g kfPgg\. !(%* ;fndf b]jzdz]/ kbRo"t ePkl5 tTsfnLg zf;s rGb|zdz]/n] pQm b/af/ sAhf u/]. pgn] of] ljzfn b/af/ tf]8kmf]8 u/L eTsfP/ gof“ dxn agfO{ 5f]/f aa/zdz]/nfO{ lbP.

h+uaxfb'/n] yfkfynLd} csf]{ ljzfn b/af/ klg agfPsf lyP t/ Toxf“ pgsf /fgLx¿ a;] klg h+u a;]gg\. !(@! ;fndf pgn] of] b/af/ 5f]/f huth+unfO{ tf]lslbP. /0ff]2Lkl;+xsf kfndf -lj=;+= !(#%_ df huth+u dgx/fdf b/af/ agfO{ ;/] / yfkfynL b/af/ h]7f 5f]/f ‘gflt hg]{t’
-h'4k|tfk h+u_nfO{ lbP.

!($@ ;fnsf] ljb|f]xdf gflt hg]{nsf] xTof eof]. b/af/ zdz]/ vnsn] sAhf u/]. zdz]/ vnss} cwLgdf /x]sf] of] b/af/ rGb|zdz]/ ;Qfdf cfP/ l;+xb/af/ agfO;s]kl5 pgL Toxf“ ;/]/ yfkfynL b/af/ 5f]/f l;+xzdz]/nfO{ lbP. of] b/af/ To;kl5 l;+xdxnsf] gfdn] lrlgof]. !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkn] o; dxnnfO{ klg Iflt k'¥ofPsf] lyof]. kl5 o;nfO{ dd{t ul/of].

l;+xzdz]/sf] egfO p4[t ub}{ k'?iff]Qdzdz]/ eGg'x'G5– ‘& ;fndf k|hftGq :yfkgf ePkl5 Ps lbg h+uaxfb'/sf s]xL ;Gtlt cfP/ of] b/af/ h+uaxfb'/n] agfPsf x'g\, xfdL pgsf ;Gtlt xf}+, b/af/ 5f]l8lbg'k¥of] eg]. l;+xzdz]/nfO{ km;fb k/]5. pgn] ef]lnkN6 af]nfO{ yfkfynL h+uaxfb'/sf] x'g'cufj} yfkfx¿sf] xf], To;}n] ef]ln pgLx¿ cfO{ xfd|f] hUufdf ag]sf] b/af/ 5f]8 eGg cfPdf d}n] s] ug]{< To;}n] yfkfx¿;“u klg ;Nnfx u/L cfpg" eg]5g\. To;kl5 pgn] of] l;+xdxn & nfv ?lkof“df g]kfn /fi6« a}+snfO{ a]lrlbP.’ xfn Toxf“ /fi6«a}+ssf] a}+lsª sfof{no 5. h+uaxfb'/n] /g;'/ lji6åf/f agfpg nufPsf] of] b/af/ Hofb} ljzfn eJo / snfTds b]lvG5.

if8\oGq a'lgPsf] lx6Lb/af/

xfn k|;"lt u[x ePsf] :yfgdf h+uaxfb'/n] rf“b s'“j/ ‘sf}/’ sf] nflu rf/a'h]{ b/af/ lgdf{0f u/fPsf lyP. !()^ ;fndf kGhfjsf k"j{/fhf /0fhLtl;+xsL /fgL rf“b s'“j/ sf}/ z/0ffyL{:j¿k sf7df8f}+ cfPsL lyOg\. ;'?df h+un] cf?g} b/af/df ;'/Iff lbP/ /fv], kl5 #) xhf/ ?lkof“ lbO{ yfkfynL b/af/ sDkfpG8d} rf/ a'hf{ ePsf] eJo b/af/ agfOlbP. kl5 rf“b s'“j/n] yfkfynL sDkfpG8leq} kGhfjL z}nLdf dlGb/ agfO{ nIdLgf/fo0fsf] d"lt{ :yfkgf ul/lbOg\ -xfn klg 5._ kl5 !(!& ;fndf rf“b s'“j/n] rf/a'hf{ b/af/ Pp6f a|f˜d0fnfO{ bfg lbO{ ef/ttkm{ kmls{Og\. ;f] rf/a'hf{ b/af/ h+uaxfb'/n] lsg]/ cbfntL sfof{no /fv]. !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkn] of] b/af/ Wj:t eof]. o;sf] hL0ff]{åf/ klg ePg.

h+uaxfb'/ ;Qfdf cfPkl5 pgn] /}tLx¿;d]tn] pkrf/ kfpg] u/L j}Bvfgfsf] lgdf{0f u/fPsf lyP. pgn] /g;'/ lji6åf/f yfkfynLd} j}Bvfgf lgdf{0f u/fO{ cg]s k|sf/sf cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflw agfpg nufO{ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{;d]t u/]sf lyP.

oxf“ pTkflbt hLj gf/fo0fL t]nnfO{ pgn] ‘ldlg:6/L t]n’ ;d]t gfdfs/0f u/]sf lyP. !()^ ;fndf h+uaxfb'/ o'/f]k e|d0f uPsf avt k]l/;df -lj=;+= !()&_ pgsf efO wL/zdz]/sf] lt3|fdf Ps k|m]Gr dlxnfsf] lk:tf]nn] uf]nL nfUbf oxL t]n k|of]u u/]/ lgsf] kf/]sf lyP.

!($@ ;fndf ePsf] ljb|f]xkl5 of] j}Bvfgf aGb eof] / ejgrflx“ sdflG8ª hg/n b]jzdz]/sf] xftdf uof]. b]jzdz]/ k|wfgdGqLaf6 -lj=;+= !(%*_ kbRo"t ePkl5 pgs} 5f]/fx¿ ndzdz]/, tf]qzdz]/ / k|sfzzdz]/sf] xftdf uPsf] / pgLx¿sf] ;d]t d[To' eO;s]sf]n] xfn pgs} ;Gtltn] j}Bvfgf /x]sf] of] ejg k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\. xfn of] j}Bvfgf ejg dfOtL3/af6 aa/dxnlt/ nfUbf bfof“kl§ af6f]dflysf] 8f“8f]df 5n{· b]lvG5.

h+uaxfb'/n] o'/f]k e|d0fsf] l;nl;nfdf a]nfotsf] ;+;b\ ejgsf] cjnf]sg ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf lyP. Toxf“ u/]sf] ax;, cg'zf;g, ;Eotf b]v]/ pgL k|efljt ePsf lyP. To;kl5 g]kfn kmls{Pkl5 pgn] ltg} sflnu9 /g;'/ lji6åf/f xg'dfg9f]sf /fhb/af/sf] e08f/vfndf ef/bf/L ;efxn agfpg nufP. of] xndf pgn] ef/bf/L ;ef–srx/L cfof]hgf ug]{ uy]{. of] ef/bf/L ;efxnsf] kl5 Tolt k|of]u / dd{t ;Def/ x'g;s]g. of] ;efxn !(^( ;fn;Dd v08x/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf]  lyof]. To;kl5 elTsP/ gi6 x'“b} uof]. !(($ ;fndf g]kfn a}+s :yfkgf x'“bf o;} 7fp“df eof]. xfnsf] e"uf]nkfs{ klg ef/bf/Lxnleq} kYof]{.

ef/bf/L ;efsf nflu pgn] yfkfynLd} klg uf]na}7s agfPsf lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] O:6 OlG8of sDkgL ;/sf/ jf ef/tLonfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ eGg] ljifodf oxL uf]na}7sdf lg0f{o eO{ !(!$ ;fn c;f/df s0f]{n kxndfgl;+x a:g]tsf] g]t[Tjdf ^ xhf/ hjfg sDkgL ;/sf/sf] ;xfotfsf nflu k7fPsf lyP.

!($@ ;fn;Dd h+u–kl/jf/s} cwLgdf /x]sf] of] uf]na}7s To;kl5 zdz]/ vnssf] xftdf cfPsf] lyof]. !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkn] o;nfO{ Wj:t kf¥of].

h+uaxfb'/sf sfG5f efO wL/zdz]/nfO{ h+un] lx6Ldf eJo lx6Lb/af/ agfOlbP klg pgL w]/}h;f] yfkfynLd} a:y]. wL/zdz]/sf !& efO 5f]/f / % gflt o;} b/af/df hGd]sf lyP. !($! ;fndf wL/zdz]/sf] d[To' eof]. !($@ ;fndf wL/zdz]/sf 5f]/fx¿n] o;} lx6Lb/af/df ljb|f]x k|f/De u/L ;Qf xTofpg ;kmn ePsf lyP. jL/zdz]/n] of] b/af/ pgsf ;flx“nf 5f]/f rqmzdz]/nfO{ lbPsf]df kl5 o;nfO{ tf]8kmf]8 u/L cfw'lgs z}nLaf6 ejgx¿ agfOP. of] b/af/ gf/fo0flx6L b/af/sf] blIf0f 9f]sf -k'/fgf]_ cufl8 lyof]. o;sf] clxn] cl:tTj 5}g.

l3psf l6g xfn]/ b/af/ aflnof]

sl/a !% jif{ hlt g]kfnsf] zf;gsf] afU8f]/ ;DxfNg] cj;/ kfPsf jL/zdz]/n] 7"nf b/af/x¿ agfpg k|z:t wg–;DklQ vr{ u/]sf lyP.

!($@ ;fnsf] xTofsf08af6 zdz]/ vnsx¿ ;Qfdf cfp“bf h'4zdz]/ yfkfynL -xfn k|;"lt u[x_sf y'k|} 6x/fx¿dWo] Pp6fdf cfdf h'xf/s'df/L -hf}x/_ ;“u a:y]. !($$ ;fndf h'4zdz]/ k|wfgdGqL jL/zdz]/sxf“ uO{ cf?gf] 6x/f] ;f“3'/f] ePsfn] cGt} ;g{ kfP xGYof] eg]. jL/zdz]/n] ‘jif{ lbg;Dd To;} 6x/fdf u'hf/f u/, d gof“ b/af/ agfOlbp“nf’ egL kf6g xfnsf] hfjnfv]ndf sflnu9 hf]unfnåf/f eJo b/af/ agfpg nufP. To;kl5 h'4zdz]/;lxt hf}x/s'df/L hfjnfv]n b/af/df ;/]. !(*( ;fndf h'4zdz]/ k|wfgdGqL x'gf;fy l;+xb/af/df ;/]. !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkn] ;f] b/af/sf] Ps tnf Wj:t eof]. h'4zdz]/n] hL0ff]{4f/ u/fO{ 5f]/f ;"o{zdz]/nfO{ lbP. pgsf] d[To'kl5 ;f] b/af/ pgsf 5f]/f o'j/fhzdz]/sf] dftxtdf cfof]. @))& ;fnkl5 of] b/af/ ¥of08]ef] Snadf kl/0ft eof]. ;f“em oxf“ h"jf / eJo an–8fG; cflb dgf]/~hgfTds sfo{qmd x'GYof]. kl5 of] b/af/ >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ a]lrof].

xfn jL/]Gb| k|x/L c:ktfn ePsf] b/af/ klg jL/zdz]/n] ;Qfdf cfPkl5 hf]unfnåf/f efO kmQ]zdz]/sf nflu agfPsf x'g\. o;cl3 oxf“ ;fgf] ;}lgs 6x/f lyof]. kmTozdz]/sf] d[To'kl5 logsf h]7f 5f]/f hg/n k|r08zdz]/n] o; b/af/df r}g u/]. logL k'/f]knL z}nLd} a;]sf lyP. @)@# ;fndf logsf] d[To' ePkl5 of] b/af/ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] clwu|x0f u¥of].

o:t} jL/zdz]/n] hf]unfnåf/f lgdf{0f u/fO{ dflxnf 5f]/f wd{zdz]/nfO{ tf]lslbPsf] ef6e6]gLb/af/ pgsf] d[To'kl5 pgsf wd{k'q Ps/fhzdz]/n] kfPsf lyP. !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkdf Iflt eP klg o;nfO{ hL0ff]{åf/ u/L e"sDkk|lt/f]ws Ifdtf ePsf] Ps a}7s klg yk]sf lyP. xfn ;f] b/af/sf] ;fgf] lx:;f;d]tsf] hL0ff]{4f/ Ps hd{gL dlxnf / a'l4i6 l/Dkf]5]n] u/L a;f]af; u/]sf 5g\ eg] af“sL tf]8kmf]8 u/L a]rlavg ePsf] 5. of] b/af/sf] cjz]if ef6e6]gL dlGb/cufl8 bflxg]lt/ 5.

xfn jL/ c:ktfn /x]sf] :yfgdf jL/zdz]/n] Ps eJo b/af/sf] lgdf{0f u/fpg nufPsf lyP t/ 6'“l8v]n / ;x/ -c;g–OGb|rf]s_sf] glhs ePsf] dx;'; u/]/ lgdf{0f :ylut u/L xfn lgjf{rg cfof]u /x]sf] :yfgdf ! ;o *@ /f]kgL hUufdf b/af/ agfO{ sflx“nf 5f]/f ?b|zdz]/sf nflu tf]lslbP. !(^@ ;fndf of] ljzfn b/af/df cfuf] nfUof]. cfuf] lgefpg] k|of; ug'{sf] ;f6f] ?b|zdz]/sL d'df sfG5L a8fdxf/fgL tf]ks'df/Ln] l3psf l6gsf l6g cfuf]df xfnL ;f] b/af/ ‘xf]d’ ul/lbOg\. To;kl5 jf:t'snfljb\ hf]unfnåf/f rf/j6f a'hf{ ePsf] gof“ b/af/ lgdf{0f u/fP. of] b/af/nfO{ 7d]nsf] rf/a'hf{ b/af/ gfds/0f ul/of].

kl5 !(() ;fndf tTsfnLg zf;s h'4zdz]/n] tTsfnLg k|wfg ;]gfklt ?b|zdz]/nfO{ kbRo"t u/L kfNkf k7fPkl5 of] b/af/ clwu|x0f u/L cf?gf] dflxnf 5f]/f axfb'/zdz]/nfO{ lbP. To;kl5 ‘rf/a'hf{’ b/af/ ‘axfb'/ejg’df kl/0ft eof]. @))& ;fndf k|hftGq cfPkl5 clw/fhs'df/ j;'Gw/fn] !) nfv ?lkof“df ;f] b/af/ lsgL ‘xf]6n /fon’sf] gfdaf6 /l;og gful/s af]l/;n] xf]6n ;~rfng u/]. kl5 j;'Gw/fn] of] b/af/ >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ a]r]kl5 xfn lgjf{rg cof]usf] ejg eP/ /x]sf] 5.

/fgLsf] ;Demgfdf agfOPsf] b/af/

jL/zdz]/n] cf?gL sfG5L a8fdxf/fgL tf]ks'df/Lsf lgldQ ;]tf]b/af/s} :t/df o;sf] glhs} tLg ;o /f]kgL hUuf lsgL hf]unfnåf/f csf]{ eJo b/af/ agfpg nufPsf lyP. nfnb/af/ gfdn] lrlgPsf] of] b/af/d} jL/zdz]/sf] d[To' -lj=;+= !(%& kmfu'g_ ePsf] lyof]. To;kl5 klg tf]ks'df/L / 7fO“nf 5f]/f n]= hg/n t]hzdz]/ o;}df a;]sf lyP. kl5 tf]ks'df/Lsf] d[To' eof] eg] t]hzdz]/nfO{ kIf3ft eof]. sdflG8ª hg/n t]hzdz]/nfO{ h'4zdz]/n] -lj=;+= !(()_ kbRo"t u/]kl5 pgL gf/fo0fL c~rnsf] /fgLuGhdf a;]. @))& ;fndf k|hftGq cfPkl5 t]hzdz]/sf ;Gtlt nfnb/af/df cfP / b/af/sf] sDkfpG8 s]xL a]r]/ s]xLdf 3/ agfO{ a;] eg] b/af/sf] s]xL efudf xfn ‘xf]6n ofs PG8 otL’ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5.

jL/zdz]/n] 5f]/f s0f]{n OGb|zdz]/sf lgldQ xflQ;f/df b/af/ agfpg nufPsf lyP. OGb|zdz]/sf] d[To'kl5 of] b/af/ pgsf 5f]/f tf]/0fzdz]/n] k|fKt u/]. k|hftGqkl5 -@))&_ of] b/af/ pgn] lrlgof“ b"tfjf;nfO{ laqmL u/]sfn] xfn of] lrlgof“ b"tfjf;sf] cwLgdf 5.

jL/zdz]/n] jL/uGhdf Hofb} 7"nf] sDkfpG8 ePsf] d'8'nL b/af/ agfPsf lyP. pgsf] d[To'kl5 efOx¿ ?b|zdz]/, t]hzdz]/ / k|tfkzdz]/sf efudf k/]sf] lyof]. of] b/af/sf] sDkfpG8leq ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf cf“ksf ¿vx¿ lyP. oxf“sf cf“kx¿ rf/a'hf{ b/af/, nfnb/af/ / kmf]x/fb/af/df k7fOGYof]. /fhkl/jf/ / /f0ff kl/jf/ ef/t hf“bf–cfp“bf o; b/af/df a;f]af; uy]{. lj=;+= !(() df h'4zdz]/n] tLg} hgfnfO{ kbRo"t u/L b/af/ clwu|x0f u/]. k|hftGqkl5 >L % sf] ;/sf/n] clwu|x0f u/]sf] of] b/af/df xfn k|x/L sfof{no /x]sf] 5.

/fhwfgLaflx/ /f0ffx¿åf/f agfOPsf eJo b/af/x¿dWo] v8\uzdz]/åf/f kfNkfdf agfOPsf] ‘/fgLdxn’ klg pNn]vgLo 5. lj=;+= !($# df k|wfg ;]gfklt v8\uzdz]/nfO{ k|wfgdGqL jL/zdz]/n] kbRo"t u/L kfNkf uf}8fdf klZrdtkm{sf k|wfg ;]gfkltdf t}gfy u/]. v8\uzdz]/sL /fgL t]hs'df/Lsf] d[To' -lj=;+= !($(_ ePkl5 pgsf] ;Demgfdf v8\uzdz]/n] sfnLu08sLsf] tL/df c9fO{ jif{ nufP/ eJo dxn agfP. lj=;+= !(%( df v8\uzdz]/ ef/tlt/ knfog ePkl5 o;sf] /]vb]v geO{ hL0f{ x'“b} uof]. of] b/af/ ePsf] 7fp“ ‘/fgL3f6’ / b/af/ ‘/fgLdxn’sf gfdn] k|l;4 5. xfn} of] snfTds eJo b/af/nfO{ >L %sf] ;/sf/n] hL0ff]{åf/ u/]sf] 5.

/f0ffsfndf o'/f]lkog z}nLsf o:tf w]/} b/af/x¿ agfOPsf lyP. zf;sx¿n] agfPsf s]xL b/af/x¿sf] dfq oxf“ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5. To:tf s]xL b/af/x¿ cem} klg k|of]udf 5g\ eg] s]xL eTsfP/ Toxf“ gof“ ejg agfO;lsPsf] 5. o:tf b/af/ /fhwfgL / aflx/ klg agfOPsf lyP.

/f0ff zf;gsf] ktgkl5 o; lsl;dsf] z}nLdf ejgx¿ agfpg] rng vf;} b]lv+v}g. l;+xb/af/ hn]kl5 To:t} z}nLdf s]xL yk ul/Psf] 5. of]afx]s l;+xb/af/leq dGqfnox¿sf nflu o:t} z}nLdf ejgx¿ agfOPsf 5g\. t/ oLafx]s cGoq o; lsl;dsf ejgx¿ agfPsf] b]lv+b}g. clxn] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu w]/} lsl;dsf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ljsf; eO;s]sf] / To; lsl;dsf snfTds sfd ug]{ sflnu9x¿sf] ;d]t sdL x'“b} uPsfn] xf]nf, o; lsl;dsf ejgx¿ ag]sf b]lv+b}gg\. csf]{tkm{ o:tf z}nLsf ejgx¿n] w]/} hldg cf]u6\g] ePsfn] klg dflg;x¿sf] o:tf ejg agfpg]tkm{ vf;} ?lr b]lv+b}g.

/f0ffx¿n] /fi6«sf] 9's'6L b'?kof]u u/L agfPsf clwsf+z b/af/x¿ clxn] >L % sf] ;/sf/n] g} k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5. xfn klg zf;gsf] g]t[Tjju{n] /fi6«sf] ;DklQ b'?kof]u u/L 7"nf–7"nf dxnx¿ agfO/x]sf 5g\. !! jif{cl3;Dd ;fdfGo cfly{s cj:yf ePsf JolQmx¿ /ftf/ft s/f]8klt ag]/ ljzfn dxnx¿ agfpg tNnLg 5g\. pgLx¿sf] cfo;|f]t vf]h]/ cg'lrt b]lvPdf ;DklQ /fli6«os/0f ug'{k5{.

ef/tdf la|l6z zf;gsfndf o; lsl;dsf b/af/x¿ w]/} ag]sf b]lvG5g\. g]kfndf pgLx¿n] zf;g ug]{ cj;/ gkfPsf] eP tfklg h+uaxfb'/sf] o'/f]k e|d0fkl5 o; lsl;dsf b/af/x¿ g]kfndf aGg yfn]sf] lj1x¿sf] egfO 5.

/f0ffsfnLg b/af/x¿sf] ;+/If0fn] To; ;dosf] jf:t'snfsf] ;d]t ;+/If0f x'g] ePsfn] xfn;Dd /x]sf b/af/x¿sf] plrt ;+/If0f cfjZos 5.

jL/zdz]/sf] /f;nLnf x]g]{ kmf]x/fb/af/

gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/sf] k"j{tkm{ jL/zdz]/n] Ps eJo b/af/ agfpg nufO{ sfG5f 5f]/f k|tfkzdz]/nfO{ tf]lslbPsf lyP. o;s} glhs pgn] hf]unfnåf/f g} csf]{ b/af/ klg agfpg nufPsf lyP.

elgG5, Ps lbg jL/zdz]/ cf?gL sfG5L kTgL tf]ks'df/Lsf ;fy k|wfg ;]gfklt b]jzdz]/sf] yfkfynL b/af/df uPsf lyP. Toxf“ Pp6f ;fgf] a·nfdf kmf]x/f rln/x]sfn] tf]ks'df/Ln] ‘dxf/fh, xfdL klg o:t} kmf]x/f /fvL a·nf agfpm“’ elg5g\.

hjfkmdf jL/zdz]/n] ‘a"9L, d}n] t“nfO{ a·nf agfOlbP“ eg] s] o:tf] a·nf agfp“5' //’ eg]5g\. To;kl5 pgn] cg]s kmf]x/f ePsf] b/af/ agfpg nufP. o; a·nfsf] rf/}tkm{ !% lkm6 rf}8f kf]v/Ln] 3]l/Psf] lyof]. kf]v/Lsf] aLraLrdf nx/} kmf]x/fx¿ rNy]. e'O“tnfdf 7"nf] xn lyof], hxf“ :kml6s kmf]x/f (Rosy Crystal Fountain) /flvPsf] lyof]. Tof] xneGbf dfly klg o:t} eJo kmf]x/f lyof], hxf“ ‘a]:6 ldlg:6/’ sfk]{6 la5\ofOsf] lyof]. oxf“ bd lb+bf !)÷!@ y/L af]nL cfpg] aR5]afhf klg ;hfOPsf] lyof]. oxf“ ;hfOPsf] r§fgaf6 em/gf klg cfp“Yof]. To;sf] d'lg ;·d/d/ la5\ofOPsf] lyof]. oxf“ a;]/ jL/zdz]/sf lghL j:tfbx¿ tfh vf“, 9'08L vf“x¿n] /fu cnfKy] elgG5.

a·nfsf] rf/}tkm{sf] kf]v/Ldf tf]ks'df/Lb]jL / jL/zdz]/ dg k/]sf cfOdfO{x¿sf ;fy kf}8L v]ln;s]kl5 c¿ snwf/fdf :gfg uy]{.

slxn]sfxL“ To; a·nfsf] pQ/tkm{ tNnf] tnfdf efO, 5f]/f, elthf, HjfO“x¿sf ;fy} ;DalGwtx¿ / pRr ef/bf/x¿ a:y] eg] dflyNnf] tnfsf] pQ/tkm{ sfG5L a8fdxf/fgL tf]ks'df/Lsf ;fy jL/zdz]/, c¿ cfOdfO{x¿, efO, 5f]/f, elthfx¿sf 5f]/L–a'xf/Lx¿ / ;DalGwt cfOdfO{x¿ a;L To; a·nfsf] pQ/tkm{ slxn] ‘/f;nLnf’ slxn] ‘n}nf dh'g’ sf v]n–tdf;f x]y]{ elgG5.

oL b'j} b/af/ 5f]/f k|tfkzdz]/nfO{ tf]lslbPsfn] b'j}nfO{ kmf]x/fb/af/ elgGYof]. lj=;+= !(() df h'4zdz]/n] k|tfkzdz]/nfO{ kbRo"t u/]sfn] pgL bfhL{lnªlt/} a;]. gf/fo0flx6Lglhs}sf] d"n b/af/ h]7f 5f]/f dfwjzdz]/ / kmf]x/fb/af/sf] pQm eJo a·nf sfG5f 5f]/f uf]ljGbzdz]/nfO{ lbP. k~rfotsfndf dfwjzdz]/sf] b/af/ tf]8kmf]8 u/L gf/fo0flx6Lleq kf/L d'cfAhf lbOof] eg] kmf]x/f a·nf k|ef rnlrq xndf kl/0ft eof]. kl5 cd]l/sg b"tfjf;nfO{ laqmL u/L tf]8kmf]8 ul/of]. xfn of] b"tfjf;sf] cwLgd} 5.

h+uaxfb'/ x's]{sf] P]ltxfl;s b/af/

yfkfx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLltsnufotsf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ ynf] xfn yfkfynLsf gfdn] lrlgG5. of] ynf]df dfyj/l;+x yfkfsf a'af g}gl;+x yfkfn] 3/ agfO{ a;]sf lyP.

kl5 cf?gL 5f]/L u0f]zs'df/L / HjfO“ sfhL afng/l;+xsf 5f]/fx¿ h+uaxfb'/nufot & efO / @ 5f]/Lx¿ klg yfkfynLd} hGdL x's]{. h+uaxfb'/sf] vf; gfd jL/g/l;+x xf]. ;“u} a:bf dfyj/l;+xn] zfob h+uL k|j[lQsf] ePsfn] xf]nf pgnfO{ h+u] eGy]. o;} gfdaf6 pgL kl5 k|Voft eP. lj=;+= !()@ h]7df dfdf dfyj/l;+xsf] xTof x'“bf h+uaxfb'/sf] pd]/ @& jif{sf] lyof].

sf]tkj{, e08f/vfnkj{, cnf}kj{nufotsf xTofsf08 x'“bf h+uaxfb'/sf] af;:yfg yfkfynL g} lyof]. h+uaxfb'/n] ;/sf/af6 x/0f gePsf] eLd;]g yfkfsf] yfkfynLsf] crn ;DklQ cf?gf] u/fP / cg]s b/af/x¿ agfpg nufO{ yfkfynLd} a;f]af; u/]. gof“ b/af/ agfPkl5 cf?gf /fgL, 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ g}gl;+x yfkfåf/f lgld{t b/af/df 5f]8]/ cfkm" gof“ b/af/df ;/]. kl5 of] b/af/ h+un] 5f]/f hg/n hLth+unfO{ lbP.

lj=;+= !(#* df /0ff]2Lk k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nf hLth+un] cf?gf] b/af/df emG8f kmx/fPsf] yfxf kfO{ a'‰g k7fP. To; a]nf >L % / >L # sf] b/af/df dfq emG8f /fVg kfOGYof]. of] s'/f yfxf kfP/ hLth+un] ;f] emG8f /fv]sf] 7fp“df /ftf/ft sf7sf] xg'dfg\sf] d"lt{ :yfkgf u/]. a'‰g cfPsf dflg;n] xg'dfg\ :yfgdf emG8f /fv]sf] s'/f hfx]/ u/]sfn] hLth+un] d'lQm kfP. ;f] sf7sf] xg'dfg\sf] d"lt{ cem} yfkfynLdf 5“b}5.

lj=;+= !($@ df hLth+un] ef/taf6} d'lVtof/L kbaf6 /fhLgfdf u/L k7fP. To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 /0ff]2Lksf] xTof ePkl5 g}gl;+x yfkfåf/f lgld{t ;f] b/af/ hg/n b]jzdz]/sf] dftxtdf cfof]. b]jzdz]/ lj=;+= !(%& df >L # eO{ lj=;+= !(%* df kbRo"t ePkl5 pgsf 5f]/f h·zdz]/ / pgsf] d[To'kl5 5f]/f sNof0fzdz]/sf] xftdf cfof]. pgn] efO d]h/ eLid zdz]/nfO{ ;f] b/af/ a]r]sf]n] xfn pgsf ;Gtltn] of] b/af/ ef]urng ub}{5g\. yfkfynLdf jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"xcufl8sf] rf]saf6 o'PdPgsf] sfof{nolt/ nfUbf af6}df of] hL0f{ b/af/ b]lvG5.

cd/l;+x yfkfåf/f lgld{t afub/af/+

yfkfx¿ yfkfynLnufot ;'Gwf/fsf] blIf0flt/ klg a;f]af; ub{y]. ;j{k|yd eLd;]g yfkfsf afa' cd/l;+x yfkfn] To; 7fp“df 3/ agfO{ a;]sf lyP. kl5 eLd;]g yfkfn] ;f]xL 7fp“df b/af/sf] lgdf{0f u/fpg nufO{ a;]. o;}tfsf pgn] w/x/f / ;'Gwf/f klg agfpg nufPsf lyP. lj=;+= !*($ df eLd;]g yfkfsf] ktgkl5 pgsf] b/af/df ;/sf/ nfUof]. lj=;+= !()! df eLd;]g yfkfsf elthf dfyj/l;+x yfkf k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 yfkfx¿n] dfkmL kfO{ ;DklQ lkmtf{ kfP. dfyj/l;+x yfkf eLd;]g yfkfn] agfPsf] ;f] ljzfn b/af/df g} a;]. pgn] kf6]af3 kfn]sf lyP. hgtfn] af3 ePsf] b/af/ eGbfeGb} ;f] b/af/sf] gfd ‘afub/af/’ x'g uof]. dfyj/l;+xsf] xTofkl5 ;f] b/af/ k'gM ;/sf/n] lnof]. kl5 if8\oGqsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf dflx“nf ;fx]a pk]Gb|nfO{ o;} b/af/df /flvof]. pk]Gb|n] a|f˜d0fL lauf/]sf]n] afudtLsf] jfl/kl§ gcfpg] ;hfo kfPkl5 pgL afu]Zj/Ldf a:g yfn]. jL/zdz]/n] ;·d/d/;d]t /fvL afub/af/sf] dd{t u/]. To; a]nf pk]Gb|sf 5f]/f wL/]Gb|ljqmd / pgsf] d[To'kl5 ;fx]aHo" e"k]Gb|n] afub/af/ k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf lyP. pgsf] d[To'kl5 pgsf h]7f 5f]/f df]xgljqmd ‘/fd/fhf’ /fdgu/sf] /fhf eO{ pt} a:g] / sf7df8f}+ cfp“bf xfn xf]6n lxdfno /x]sf] s'k08f]ndf a:g] uy]{. afub/af/df rflx“ pgsf ;f}t]gL efO d"n rf}tl/of rGb|ljqmd zfx ‘nId0f /fhf’n] /hfO“ u/]sf lyP.

h'4zdz]/n] cf?gf 5f]/LHjfO“ ‘nId0f /fhf’ af6 ;f] afub/af/ km'TsfO{ cf?gf] 5f]/f xl/zdz]/nfO{ lbP. xl/zdz]/sf] d[To'kl5 pgsf] w]/} 7"nf] kl/jf/ ePsf]n] ;f] b/af/ >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ laqmL ul/of] / Toxf“ xfn cy{ dGqfno 5. sDkfpG8leqsf] y'k|} hUuf a]rlavg u/L cGo 3/x¿ agfOPsf 5g\.

kf“8]sf] b/af/df xf]6n z+s/

elgG5, yfkfynL yfkfx¿sf] ePem}+ nflhDkf6 kf“8]x¿sf] lyof]. sk/bf/ jL/s]z/ kf“8] nflhDkf6df b/af/ agfO{ a;]sf lyP. sf]tkj{df pgsf] klg xTof eof]. o; xTofsf08af6 h·axfb'/ ;Qfdf cfPkl5 pgsf cf?gf ;;'/f cGt/L dxf/fgL -x]ds'df/L_ sf afa' s0f]{n lqljqmd yfkf o; b/af/df a;]. logn] w]/} jif{ o; b/af/df latfP.

lj=;+= !($@ sf] xTofsf08kl5 jL/zdz]/n] of] k'/fgf] b/af/ eTsfO{ efO hLtzdz]/sf lglDt hf]unfnåf/f gof“ b/af/ agfP. hLtzdz]/ lgM;Gtfg ePsfn] b/af/ l;+ufg]{, au}+rf agfpg] sfddf ;f]v /fVy]. pgsf] d[To'kl5 of] b/af/ pgsf bfh' kmTozdz]/sf ;Gtltn] kfpg'kg]{df h'4zdz]/n] of] b/af/ 6KsfO{ 5f]/f clUgzdz]/nfO{ lbP. pgsf] d[To'kl5 b/af/sf] cufl8sf] efu d]h/ hg/n s]Gb|zdz]/sf] efudf k/]sf] lyof]. s]Gb|zdz]/n] /fdz+s/ gfds Jofkf/LnfO{ a]r]kl5 of] nflhDkf6 b/af/df xfn z+s/ xf]6n ;~rflnt 5.

lau|]sf cfOdfO{ n'sfpg] b/af/

lj=;+= !(#% df h+uaxfb'/sf 5f]/f huth+u dgx/fdf eJo ;fttn] b/af/ lgdf{0f u/L yfkfynLsf] cf?gf] b/af/ 5f]/f o'4k|tfkh+u ‘gflt hg]{n’ nfO{ lbP/ cfkm" ;f]xL dgx/f b/af/df ;/]. of] b/af/ cToGt ljzfn ‘uugr'DaL’ lyof]. lj=;+= !(#& df k|wfgdGqL /0ff]2Lk tLyf{6gsf nflu tLgwfd hf“bf huth+u klg uPsf lyP. pgn] snsQfaf6 emG8fjfnf aUuL NofPsf lyP, h;df zf}rfno klg lyof]. o;} aUuLleq dg k/]sf $–% hgf o'jtLx¿nfO{ /fvL huth+u 6'“l8v]ndf sjfh v]Ng hfg] ub{y]. of] aUuL cem} klg aUuLvfgfdf 5.

lj=;+= !($@ sf] ljb|f]xdf huth+usf] xTof ul/of]. huth+usf ;Gtlt pkTosfaflx/ k7fOof]. sf]xL ef/tlt/ / sf]xL kxf8lt/ uO{ a;].

huth+usf] Tof] eJo b/af/df zfx / /f0ffx¿af6 lalu|Psf cfOdfO{x¿nfO{ aGbL agfO{ /flvGYof]. lqe'jgsf /fgL;fx]ax¿dWo] Ps /fgL;fx]an] Ps cf7kxl/of ‘cb{nL’ nfO{ cf?gf] vf]kLdf n'sfO/fv}s} cj;/df kqmfp k/L cf7kxl/ofnfO{ cfhGd s}b / tL /fgL;fx]anfO{ ;f]xL dgx/f b/af/df y'g]/ /flvPsf] lyof]. hg/n z]/zdz]/ /f0ffsf 5f]/f eb|zdz]/n] cf?g} alxgLnfO{ lauf/L k]6;d]t af]sfPsfn] eb|zdz]/nfO{ h]n xflnof] / To; h]nsf] gfd g} ‘eb|uf]n h]n’ /x\of]. alxgLnfO{ rflx“ dgx/fb/af/df y'g]/ /flvof]. of] b/af/sf] ;Def/ tyf hL0ff]{4f/ x'g g;s]sfn] eTs“b} uof]. o;sf] eUgfjz]if @)!%–!^ ;fn;Dd lyof]. xfn dgx/fb/af/sf] sDkfpG8leqsf] s]xL e"efu huth+us} ;Gtltx¿n] ef]urng ul//x]sf 5g\.

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