Sadhana8 (Nepal)

hfkfg / sf]l/ofdf ofqfdf c6fPsf clGtd #@ /fi6«x?

;d"x Pr

hfkfg a]lNhod /l;of 6\o'lgl;of

hfkfg

k|ultnfO{ 3/]n' ;dy{g

utdf hfkfgsf] ljZjsk ofqf s]jn lg/fzf / c;kmntfn] dfq el/Psf] lyof]. o;sf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0f !(($ ljZjsksf] 5gf]6 r/0fsf] clGtd v]nsf] clGtd ldg]6df O/fsn] uf]n ugf{n] ljZjsksf] clGtd r/0fdf klxnf] k6s ;xefuL x'g] df}sf u'd]sf] lyof].

d'VotM h] lnusf] ;'?cftnfO{ wGojfb lbg'k5{. To; a]nfb]lv hfkfgn] nfdf] af6f] to ul/;Sof]. To; k|efjsf/L o'jf k|0ffnLaf6 hlGdPsf k|ltefx¿nfO{ lkmlnk 6«fplhP/n] Pp6f PsfOsf] ¿kdf lglZrt cfsf/ lbPsf] 5, h;n] lkmkmf j/Lotf qmddf lg/Gt/ psfnf] r9\b} uof] eg] dxfb]zLo:t/df klg k|e'Tj hdfp“b} cfPsf] 5.

cf?gf] klxnf] k6ssf] ljZjsk k|mfG; (* df tLg k/fho -ch]{lG6gf;“u !–) n], qmf]Pl;of;“u !–) n] tyf hd}sf;“u @–! n]_ kl5 pQm k|]mGr gful/ssf] lgo'lQmn] s]xL cfZro{ kl/0ffd NofPsf] 5. gfOh]l/of tyf a'ls{gf kmf;f]sf k"j{k|lzIfsn] hfkfgnfO{ ;g\ @))) df n]agfgdf ePsf] Pl;ofsk lbnfP eg] csf]{ jif{ lkmkmf sGkm]8]/];g sksf] kmfOgndf k'¥ofP.

hfkfgsf] ;kmntf pQm 6f]nLdf cfwfl/t lyof], h'g 6f]nLnfO{ 6«fplho/n] ;g\ !((( df gfOh]l/ofdf ;~rflnt lkmkmf ljZjsk RoflDkogl;ksf] kmfOgndf k'¥ofPsf] lyof]. To;}df lx8]tf]zL gfsftf, h'lgrL Ogfdf]6f]h:tf s]xL cg'ejL v]nf8Lx¿ ylkPsf 5g\.

a]lNhod nuftf/ 5}6f}+ k6ssf] ofqf

a dfOsn 8L x'u]n] a]lNhod km'6an ;+3af6 cjsfz lnP,a]lNhod o'/f]ksf] ;d"x ^ sf] 5gf]6 r/0fdf cu|:yfgdf lyof] t/ cfZro{, clGtd 5gf]6 v]ndf ‘/]8 8]leN;’ qmf]Pl;of;“u k/flht ePkl5 a]lNhodn] ;d"x ^ sf] klxnf] :yfg u'dfpg'k¥of].

af]:dfgn] kb ;Dxfn]b]lv w]/} a]lNhog v]nf8Lx¿n] ljb]zL Snal;t cg'aGw u/]sf 5g\. xfnsf] 6f]nLdf /x]sf clwsf+z v]nf8Lx¿ d'VotM hd{g, g]b/NofG8 / k|mfG;df v]ln/x]sf 5g\. 3/]n' v]nf8Lx¿ PG8]/n]S6, Sna a|'h, /]l;· h]Gs, :6]G88{ lnuaf6 cfPsf 5g\.

‘ld= !))) ef]N6\;’ pkgfdn] lrlgg] hd{g Sna ;fNs] )$ af6 v]Nb} cfPsf] a]lNhog 6f]nLsf] d'6'dfs{ ljNd6\; zNolqmofkl5 l5§} lgsf] eO{ :s6\NofG8 / qmf]Pl;oflj?4sf] clGtd b'O{ 5gf]6 v]ndf v]n]/ ;a}nfO{ :tAw kf/]. pgsf] t]h bf}8fO, 6Øfslnª / nfdf] k|xf/n] ljVoft OGhf] l:skmf]sf] cjsfzkl5 l/Q:yfg eg]{ a]lNhodsf k|efjzfnL v]nf8L a]gsf 5g\.

OdfPn Dk]Ghfsf] :yfgdf gof“ :6«fOs/sf] ¿kdf j]:n] ;f]Gs v]Ng ;S5. o"/f] !(*) pkljh]tf tyf !(@) cf]nlDks :j0f{ljh]tf a]lNhodn] 5gf}6 r/0fdf *–%–!–@%–^–!& glthf NofP tfklg ;d"xdf pkljh]tf eof.] a]lNhod Kn] ckmdf r]s u0ftGqnfO{ ;du|df @–) n] k/flht u/L nuftf/ 5}6f}+ k6s -hDdf !! k6s_ lkmkmf ljZjskdf ;xefuL x'g kfPsf] xf].

/l;of gof“ kl/kf6Ltkm{ cu|;/

;f]leot ;+3sf] lj36gkl5 /l;og km'6ann] k"j{;f]leot ;+3sf v]nf8Lx¿n] xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAweGbf km/s gof“ klxrfg agfpg' 5. ;f]leot 6f]nL clGtd k6s !(() ljZjskdf ;xefuL ePsf] lyof]. klxnf] /l;og 6f]nL 5gf]6 eof] !(($ ljZjskdf. k|mfG; ‘(* df 5gf]6 x'g g;s]kl5 e]6«fg / o'jf v]nf8Ln] el/Psf] /l;of o; k6s !)–&–@–!–!*–%–@^ glthfsf ;fy o'/f]ksf] ;d"x ! sf] k|yd eO{ sf]l/of÷hfkfgsf] nflu 5gf]6 ePsf] xf].

/l;og k|lzIfs cf]n]u /f]dfgT;]en] uf]n ug]{ cj;/nfO{ 5/]sf 5g\, To;}n] t ldslkmN8/ / km/jf8{x¿ cfnf]kfnf] u/L :sf]/ tflnsfdf 5fp“5g\. ltgLx¿dWo] lbldqL vf]snf]e / Pn]Sh]G8/ df]:tf]ef]O x'g\. t/ /l;og 6f]nLsf xfnsf gfos Enflbld/ a]Zrf:6lgv x'g\, h;n] 5gf]6 r/0fdf :jL6\h/NofG8lj?4 # uf]n u/]sf lyP / /l;of ;qf}+ ljZjsksf] nflu 5gf]6 eof].

uf]n/If0fdf ?:nfg lgUdf6fplngnfO{ ljZjk|l;4 n]e oflzg;“u bf“Hg ;ls“b}g xf]nf, t/ bzj6f 5gf]6 v]ndf % uf]n dfq ug{ lbPaf6 ;6 /f]Sg ;Ifd 5 eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5.

/f]dfgT;]e, hf] :kf6f{s d:sf]sf k|lzIfs klg x'g\. pgsf] xfnsf] RoflDkoG; lnu 6f]nLnfO{ g} /fli6«o 6f]nLsf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f u¥of]. o"/f] !(^) ljh]tf, o"/f] !(^$, !(&@, !(** pkljh]tf / !(%^ / !(** cf]nlDks :j0f{ljh]tf /l;ofn] !(^^ ljZjskdf rf}yf] :yfg xfl;n u/]sf] g} xfn;Ddsf] 7"nf] pknlAw xf].

6o'lgl;of Snasf] ;kmn 6f]nL

6\o'lgl;ofn] xfn}sf] ;dodf b]vfPsf] Psfu|tfn] g} t];|f] k6s lkmkmf ljZjskdf ;xefuL x'g ;kmn ePsf] xf]. !(&* ljZjskdf klxnf] k|of;d} d]lS;sf]nfO{ ! sf lj?4 # uf]nn] x/fO{ km'6ansf] pRrtd k|ltof]lutfdf ce"tk"j{ ;kmntf xfl;n ug]{ 6o'lgl;of klxnf] clk|msL /fi6« ag]sf] lyof] / clk|msL km'6annfO{ gof“ cfTdljZjf; lbnfPsf] lyof].

pQ/L clk|msL /fi6« ut ljZjskdf kmls{of]. sf]nlDaof, O·NofG8 / /f]dflgof;“usf] sl7g ;d"xdf k/] klg pTs[i6 5f}+ eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft u¥of]. k|mfG; (* df v]n]sf clwsf+z v]nf8Lx¿ g} @))@ ljZjskdf k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ 6f]nLdf 5g\, hf] klxn] !((^ cf]nlDksdf ;xefuL eO;s]sf 5g\.

6o'lgl;of ^ jif{leqdf gof“ :t/ sfod ug]{ k|efjsf/L 6f]nLsf] ¿kdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5. uf]n/Ifs sKtfg rf]s/L Pn cf]P/, P8]n ;]lNndL / l;/fh]lbbg] lrxLh:tf e]]6]/fgx¿nfO{ yk an lbg cfPsf 5g\ xf:;]g uA;L, cnL lhtf}gL / lhofbf hflh/Lh:tf clk|msL km'6ansf gof“ o'jf k|ltefx¿.

6o'lgl;ofn] clk|msL Sna km'6an:t/df ut % jif{;Dd cflwkTo hdfPsf] 5, t/ pxL ;fv /fli6«o:t/df :yflkt ug{ k|of;/t 5. 5gf]6 r/0f bf}/fg k|lzIfs k|mfG;]:sf] :sf]lUnof] O6flnog km'6andf kms]{kl5 ;d:of v8f ePsf] lyof], t/ hd{g Ol/sxf8{ qmfp6h]gn] cleofgsf] dWolt/ k|lzIfs kb ;Dxfn] / 5gf]6 r/0fsf] ;kmn cGTo u/]/ pgL kmls{;s]sf 5g\.

;d"x P

k|mfG; ;]g]un p?Uj] 8]gdfs{

k|mfG; Psfu|tf / cfTdljZjf;

:6 kmf]G6]g, ld;]n Knfl6gLsf] b]z k|mfG; o; k6s ;fljs ljh]tfsf] ¿kdf 5gf]6 ePsf] 5. ljZjskdf P3f/f}+ k6s efu lnO/x]sf] k|mfG;n] ;g\ !((* ljZjsk lht]b]lv nuftf/ k|ultd"ns / pTs[i6 v]n k|bz{g ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5.

nfp/]G6 AnfGssf] cjsf;kl5 k|mfG;sf] ;]G6«n l8km]G;df s]xL sdhf]/L b]lvPsf] 5. kl/0ffd:j¿k utjif{ k|mfG;sf] /fli6«o 6f]nLn] :k]g, c:6«]lnof / lrnL;“u k/flht x'g'k¥of].

o'/f]lkog RoflDkogl;k @))) / lkmkmf pkdxfåLlko sk @))! klg lht]/ cfkm" cem} pTs[i6 kmd{d} /x]sf] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5.

:6«fOs/df lyP/L x]g/L, 8]le8 6«]huo6, ld8lkmndf lhg]lbg lhbfg, Kofl6«s leP/f, lna/f]df leS;]G6 lnhf/fh', lnlnog y'/fd, /Iffk+lQmdf sKtfg df;]{n 8];fOnL tyf uf]n/Ifsdf kmflaog afy]{hh:tf pRrsf]l6sf v]nf8Lx¿sf sf/0f k|mfG; w]/}nfO{ r§fgem}+ ;flat x'g ;S5.

!(%*, !(*^ ljZjskdf t];|f], !(*@ ljZjskdf rf}yf] klg eO;s]sf] k|mfG;n] ljutdf em}+ ;zQm ;fd"lxs v]nefjgf / ljkIfL /Iffk+lQmnfO{ w'hfw'hf kfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf sf]l/of÷hfkfgdf klg bf]xf]¥ofpg ;Sof] eg] k'gM Ps k6s ;kmntf xft kfg]{ s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g. ljZj jl/otfqmddf Ps g+=df /x]sf] k|mfG;sf] cfufdL k|bz{g k|lzIfs /f]h/ n]d]/]sf] /0fgLltdf klg e/ kb{5.

;]g]un clk|msfsf] gof“ k':tf

))@ ljZjsksf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf rf/ gjk|j]zL /fi6«x¿dWo] ;]g]un klg Ps xf].

clk|msL km'6ansf] nflu ;]g]unsf] 5gf]6 tfhf xfjf xf]. hd{g k|lzIfs lk6/ l:Sg§u/n] yfn]sf] cleofgnfO{ k|]mGr k|lzIfs a|'gf] d]T;'n] k"0f{tf lbP. a|'gf] eG5g\– ‘xfdL o; ljZjsksf] hd}sf x'g]5f}+. clGtd r/0fdf dHhf / cfZro{ b'j} Nofpg]5f}+. xfdL;“u lhTg] clenfiff 5 / k|ltof]lutfsf] bf];|f] r/0f;Dd k'Ug] nIo 5. /dfOnf] s'/f ;]g]un ;qf}+ ljZjsksf] pb\3f6g v]ndf k|mfG;;“u le8\b}5.

;]g]un 6f]nLsf clwsf+z v]nf8Lx¿ km|fG;df v]ln/x]sf 5g\ eg] cGo cl:6«of, lu|;, kf]r'{un / :jL6\h/NofG8sf o'/f]lkog lnux¿df. bl/nf] cfqmd0fdf ljZjf; ug]{ ;]g]unsf] 6f]nLdf Pn xf8\hL l8pkm, vflnnf]p kmflbbf, x]g/L sfd/f, kml8{gfG8 sf]nL e/kbf{ v]nf8Lx¿ x'g\.

;]g]un ljZjskdf 5gf]6 eP/ Toxf“sf] km'6an v]nsf] ljsf;df pmhf{ yflkPsf] 5. ;f}Do, plrt lg0f{o / ;'ema'em ePsf k|m]Gr k|lzIfs Snfp8]n] /f]osf] g]t[Tjdf ;g\ !(() df clk|msL g];G; sksf] ;]dLkmfOgn r/0f;Dd k'Ug' g} ;]g]unsf] xfn;Ddsf] 7"nf] pknlAw xf]. ;qf}+ ljZjsksf] l6s6 lgZro ePkl5 /fi6«el/ hgtfn] v'zL dgfPsf lyP eg] /fi6«klt cAbf]nfof] afb]n] klg cf?gf] o'/f]k e|d0f 5f]6\ofO{ o; v'lzofnLdf ;fd]n ePsf lyP.

clk|msL dxfb]zsf] sl7g k|lt:kwf{ l5rf]n]/ cfPsf] ;]g]unn] cfufdL ljZjskdf a9L ck|Toflzt kl/0ffd Nofpg ;S5.

p?Uj] hfUg yfNof]

uf]lns b[li6n] ;fgf] t/ km'6ansf] dfldnfdf 7"nf] blIf0f cd]l/sfsf] s'Des0f{ /fi6« p?Uj] lap“lemg] qmddf bzf}+ k6s ljZjskdf ;xefuL x'“b}5. ;g\ !(#) / !(%) df ljZjsk ljh]tf eO;s]sf] p?Uj]n] kl5Nnf ljZjskx¿df pNn]vgLo k|bz{g ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g.

blIf0f cd]l/sL If]qaf6 rf/ 6f]nLn] ;Lw} k|j]z kfpg] / kf“rf} :yfg k|fKt ug]{ 6f]nLn] cf];]lgof If]qsf] ljh]tf;“u Kn]–ckmdf v]Ng] k|fjwfgcg'¿k p?Uj]n] c:6«]lnofnfO{ ;du|df ! sf lj?4 # uf]nn] x/fO{ sf]l/of÷hfkfg k'Ug] aQL;f}+ /fi6« ag]sf] xf]. p?Uj] / sf]nlDaof b'j}n] 5gf]6 r/0fsf] !* v]ndf & hLt ^ a/fa/L % xf/;lxt @& c° xfl;n u/] klg /fd|f] uf]n cf};tsf] sf/0f p?Uj] Kn]–ckmsf] nflu 5flgPsf] lyof].

blIf0f cd]l/sL If]qsf !) dWo] & /fi6«n] 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfsf] dWolt/ k|lzIfs kl/jt{g u/]sf lyP / p?Uj] klg To;df c5'tf] lyPg. 5gf]6 r/0fsf !* dWo] !) v]nkl5 k"j{ch]{lG6gL k|lzIfs 8flgon kf;f/]nfn] crfgs /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 pgsf] :yfgdf cfPsf leS6/ k'cfn] 6f]nLnfO{ zfGt kf/] / v]nz}nLdf klg vnan k'¥ofPgg\. jf:tjdf p?Uj]sf] k|bz{g v]nd}bfgdf l;nl;nfa4 lyPg eg] glthf klg ;f]r]eGbf sd dfq xft nfUYof]. oL ptf/r9fjsf afah'b kf;f/]nfn] 5f]8]sf] avtdf h:t} kf“rf} :yfgdf /lx/˜of].

;g\ !(@$ / !(@* sf cf]nlDks :j0f{ljh]tf tyf !$ k6s sf]kf cd]l/sf sk ljhoL p?Uj]sf] ;qf}+ ljZjsk @))@ sf] ofqf klg ;xh b]lv“b}g.

8]gdfs{ pTs[i6 v]nf8Ln] 8f]¥ofPsf]

gf]6 r/0fsf Pp6} v]n gxf/L o'/f]ksf] ;d"x # af6 8]gdfs{ lkmkmf ljZjsksf] nflu t];|f] k6s 5gf]6 eof].

o'/f] RoflDkogl;k !((@ sf] ljh]tf klg /lx;s]sf] 8]gdfs{n] 5gf]6 r/0fsf] s'n !) v]ndf ljkIfLtkm{ @@ uf]n ub}{ cf?gf lj?4 ^ uf]n dfq ug{ lbPaf6 @))@ ljZjskdf sd cf“Sg gldNg] 6f]nLdf blh{Psf] 5.

8]lg; 6f]nLdf 8]gdfs{aflx/ v]Nb} u/]sf cGt/f{li6«o v]nf8Lx¿sf] afx'Notf 5. yf]d; u|]e;g, h]:k/ u|f]Gsh]/, yf]d; x]Ne]h, dfl6{g hf]u]{g;]g s]xL gfd x'g\. cu|k+lQmsf Oa ;}08n] hd{g a'G8];lnuf @)))–)! df @@ uf]n u/L o'/f]lkog km'6ansf pRr uf]nstf{ ag]sf lyP. 5gf]6 r/0fdf hf]xg 8fxn 6f]df:;gn] s]xL vt/gfs cfqmd0f u/L pgnfO{ ;fy lbPsf lyP. uf]n/Ifs yf]d; ;f]/]g;gn] ljVoft lk6/ :dfOsnaf6 lhDd]jf/L lnPkl5 pNn]vgLo 5fk 5f]8]sf 5g\.

xfn k|lzIfssf] lhDdf df]6]{g cf]N;]gn] ;Dxfn]sf 5g\. pgnfO{ csf]{ k"j{/fli6«o v]nf8Ln] ;3fO/x]sf 5g\.

;d"x aL

:k]g :nf]e]lgof kf/fUj] blIf0f clk|msf

:k]g ;bfem}+ cfzfjfbL

k|ltof]lutf km/s x'g]5’ :k]lg;x¿sf] nflu y'k|} k6s o;f] elgPsf] 5. @))@ ljZjsk;lxt !! k6s 5gf]6 x'g ;kmn :k]gn] w]/} klxn] !(%) ljZjskdf Ps k6s rf}yf] :yfgdf l;WofPsf]n] lkmkmf ljZjsksf] clGtd r/0fdf slxNo} k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf] 5}g elgG5.

k|f/lDes r/0fsf] glthf *–^–@–)–@!–$–@) /x]sf] :k]g o; k6s o'/f]ksf] ;d"x & af6 5gf]6 ePsf] xf]. ltgLx¿n] o'/f] RoflDkogl;k !(^$ / cf]nlDks :j0f{ !((@ lht] klg b'j} k|ltof]lutf 3/]n' d}bfgdf ePsfn] u'0ffTds km'6an v]nf8Lx¿sf] wgL /fi6« :k]gsf] nflu cGo cGt/f{li6«o ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ g;Sg' b'Mvb kIf xf].

gof“ k|lzIfs xf];] sfdfrf] / :k]gsf] :t/ -o'/f]ksf] Ps pTs[i6 3/]n' lnu ePsf]_ sf sf/0f sf]l/of÷hfkfgdf :k]gsf] pHHjn eljiosf] sfdgf ug{ ;lsG5. xfleP/ Sn]d]G6]af6 lhDd]jf/L lnPkl5 k"j{l/on d]l8«8sf /Ifsn] 6f]nLnfO{ gof“ Hofg lbPsf x'g\. pgsf] cfqmfds z}nL :k]lg; v]nf8Lx¿sf] ;'xfp“bf] lyof]. gof“ l;h{gf ug]{eGbf ld8lkmN8df /Ifs eg]{ k"j{k|lzIfssf] afWofTds tl/sf v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ ;lhnf] lyPg.

o'/f]lkog k|ltof]lutfx¿df :k]lg; Snax¿sf] ;kmntfn] :k]gnfO{ ;3fPsf] 5.

Oefg x]Nu'O/f, x'cf“ sfnf]{; e]n]/f]g, le;]G6 /f]l8«u]h, /fpn, kmgf{G8f] lxP/f] / hf];]km ufl8{cf]nf :k]gnfO{ ;lhn} 5gf]6 u/fpg] d'Vo v]nf8Lx¿ x'g\ logLx¿ g} clGtd r/0fsf k|d'v v]nf8L x'g ;S5g\.

:nf]e]lgof sftfg]ssf] pGgltlzn 6f]nL

;g\ !((! ;Dd o'uf]:nfleofsf] Ps lx:;fsf] ¿kdf /x]sf], dfq @) nfv afl;Gbf ePsf] o; pNn]vgLo /fi6«n] km]l/ Ps k6s cK7Øf/f] kG5fPsf] 5.

o'/f]ksf] ;d"x ! df Pp6} Dofr gxf/] klg pkljh]tf aGg ljjz :gf]e]lgof kl5 /f]dflgof;“usf] Kn]–ckm Dofrdf ;du|df @ sf lj?4 # uf]nn] ljho xfl;n u/L sf]l/of÷hfkfg k'Ug ;kmn ePsf] xf].

@))@ ljZjskdf k'Ug ;kmn rf/ gjk|j]zL /fi6«x¿dWo] Ps :nf]e]lgofsf] pRr pGgltsf] >]o k|lzIfs >]sf] sftflgsnfO{ hfG5. pgsf] gfdsf] zflAbs cy{ efUodfgL eP klg 6f]nL efUodf dfq ljZjf; ub}{g. sftflgs cfkm}+ ljZjf; ub{5– s8f kl/>d, l6d l:kl/6 / alnof] /If0fdf. To;}n] t pgnfO{ :nf]e]lgofdf gfossf] ¿kdf dfG5g\. pgs} /]vb]vdf :nf]e]lgofn] lkmkmf ljZj jl/oftfdf !)) eGbfa9L :yfg km8\sf] df/]/ @^ cf}+ :yfgdf /xg ;kmn eof]. !((* ljZjsksf] 5gf]6 r/0fsf] * v]ndf s]jn ! c° dfq a6'Ng ;s]sf] lttf] ;To klg :nf]e]lgof;“u 5.

t/ cf?gf] !! jif{ nfdf] :jtGq Oltxf;df :nf]e]lgofn] kfPsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;kmntf o'/f] RoflDkogl;k @))) sf] k|yd r/0f;Dd k|lt:kwf{ ug{sf] nflu 5gf]6 x'g' xf].

ljZj km'6an hut\sf] zLif{:y k|ltof]lutfdf /fi6«sf] k|bz{g w]/} dfqfdf Kn]d]s/ Hnf6\sf] hfxf]lessf] lkm6\g]; / Jojxf/df e/ kb{5.

kf/fUj] lrnfe6{sf] k|xf/ af“sL 5

lkmkmf ljZjsksf] nflu lg/Gt/ 5gf]6 x'g' rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og. cem %) nfveGbf sd hg;+Vof ePsf] kf/fUj]h:tf] /fi6«sf] nflu t 7"nf] pknlAw xf]. v]ns'bnfO{ gu0o dfqfdf ;fdflhs k|lti7f lbOg] /fi6«df () k|ltzt km'6an v]n /fhwfgLsf] c;'+l;cf] ;x/df dfq v]lnG5, hxf“sf] hg;+Vof s]jn !) nfv klg 5}g.

/f]df~rs km'6ansf] nflu rlr{t kf/fUj]sf] o; k6ssf] 5gf]6 r/0fsf] k|f/De / cGTo v/fa eP klg !*–(–#–^–@(–@#–#) glthf NofO{ a|flhn;“u a/fa/df /x\of]. t/ uf]n cf};tsf sf/0f rf}yf] :yfgdf lrQ a'emfO{ blIf0f cd]l/sL If]qaf6 sf]l/of÷hfkfgsf] nflu 5gf]6 eof].

!(%#, !(&( sf] sf]kf cd]l/sf sk ljh]tf kf/fUj] !((* ljZjsksf] bf];|f] r/0f;Dd k'Ug'sf] >]o p?Uj] lgjf;L ;lh{cf] dfsf{l/ognfO{ hfG5. To:t} ;°ntf o; ljZjskdf klg bf]xf]¥ofpg ;S5 ls ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f ltgLx¿nfO{ xf};nf lbg] uf]n/Ifs
xf];] n'O; lrnfe6{ljgfsf] 6f]nLsf] Ifdtfdf e/ kb{5. 5gf]6 r/0fsf] bf}/fg ut cu:tdf a|flhnsf] /f]a6f]{ sfnf]{;nfO{ y's]sf sf/0f lrnfe6{nfO{ rf/ Dofrsf] k|ltaGw nfu]sf] lyof]. ctM lrnfe6{n] @))@ ljZjsksf] klxnf] b'O{ Dofr v]Ng kfpg]5}g.

‘a|flhnnfO{ 5f8\, xfdLn] 5gf]6 r/0fdf kfPsf] s8f k|ltåGåL eg]sf] kf/fUj] dfq xf]’ ch]{lG6gL k|lzIfs df;]{nf] laON;fn] eg]sf lyP. x'g klg lrnfe6{ cf;]{, Soflghf, cfofnf, sf8f]{hf]h:tf v]nf8L ePsf] kf/fUj]n] ch]{lG6gf;“usf] b'j} v]n a/fa/Ldf l;WofPaf6 kf/fUj]sf] :t/df s'g} z+sf /x]g.

blIf0f clk|msf oyf:yfgdf kmls{of]

ue]b gLltsf sf/0f nfdf] ;do;Dd k|ltaGwdf k/]sf] blIf0f clk|msfn] ljZj v]ns'bdf k'gk|{j]z kfPkl5 b|'tultdf k|ult ug]{ qmddf lkmkmf ljZj jl/otfdf pRr jl/otf k|fKt clk|msL /fi6«sf] ¿kdf blh{Psf] 5. ;qf}+ ljZjskdf ;xefuL x'“b} blIf0f clk|msfn] ljZjskdf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf kmls{Psf] bzsf]T;j dgfpg]5.

;g\ !((^ df cfkm}+n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] clk|msL g];G; sksf] ljh]tf blIf0f clk|msfn] utjif{ @))^ sf] ljZjsk cfof]hgf ug{ hd{gL;“u s8f k|lt:kwf{ u/] klg clGtd ;dodf ! dtn] pQm cj;/ u'dfpg'k/]sf] lyof].

5gf]6 r/0fdf !^ c°sf ;fy clk|msfsf] ;d"x ‘ª’af6 5gf]6 blIf0f clk|msfsf w]/} v]nf8Lx¿ xfn o'/f]kdf v]ln/x]sf 5g\. o; k6s k|mfG; !((* df cfkm"n] k|bz{g u/]sf] @ a/fa/L ! xf/eGbf /fd|f] glhtf Nofpg] ;'/df 5 blIf0f clk|msf.

k|lzIfs sfnf]{; lSj/f]h, h;n] kf]r'{unnfO{ !((! sf] @) jif{d'lgsf] ljZj RoflDkogl;k pkflw lbnfPsf lyP, 5gf]6 r/0fdf blIf0f clk|msf klg k|lt:kwL{ 5 eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft u¥of]. ;'b[9 cfly{s l:ylt tyf ;+:yfut¿kdf k|fof]hg ug]{ pRr rfxgfn] blIf0f clk|msfn] lgoldt¿kdf ljZjsf pTs[i6 l6dx¿;“u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Ifd eO/x]sf] 5. l;a'l;;f] h'df, 8]n/f]g asn], l;ofaf]·f gf]de]6] tyf sKtfg zf}g a6{n]6 /fi6«sf] nflu of]ubfg lbg] ;Defljt gof“ lk“9Lsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t eO/x]sf 5g\.

;d"x ;L

a|flhn 6sL{ rLg sf]:6fl/sf

a|flhn

a|flhn===cflv/df

ujfg\nfO{ nfv–nfv wGojfb 5. cflv/df km'6anhut\sf] afbzfx a|flhnn] ;qf}+ ljZjsksf] zf]ef a9fpg] eof]. lkmkmf ljZjsksf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+:s/0fdf ;xefuL x'g] tyf rf/ k6s ljZjsk lhTg] sLlt{dfg a|flhnn] dfq sfod u/]sf] 5.

a|flhn slxNo} klg o;/L clglZrttfaf6 u'lh|g'k/]sf] lyPg. k|lzIfsdf jfG8n]{ nSh]Dauf]{, sflG8Gxf], lnofcf] x'“b} lkmlnk :sf]nf/L dfq x}g 5gf]6 r/0f bf}/fg a|flhnn] %( hgf v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ d}bfgdf ptf¥of]. w]/} k6s 5gf]6 r/0faf6 aflxl/Pnf ls eGg] l:yltdf /x]sf] a|flhnn] cGTodf lg0ff{os v]ndf e]g]h'PnfnfO{ z"Gosf lj?4 # uf]nn] x/fO{ blIf0f cd]l/sfaf6 t];|f] /fi6«sf] ¿kdf sf]l/of÷hfkfgsf] nflu 5gf]6 eof].

km'6an v]nsf] ‘kfj/ xfp;’ tyf gof“ v]nf8Lx¿sf] pb\ud:yn a|flhnsf] dfldnfdf km'6an kl08tx¿n] eg] cg';f/ 5gf]6 r/0f Oltxf; eO;Sof], jt{dfgdf h] klg ;Dej 5. ctM h] h:tf] eP klg a|flhnnfO{ bfa]bf/ /fi6« gdfGg] e"n ug{ gx'g] pgLx¿ atfp“5g\.

sf]kf cd]l/sf sk klg ^ k6s lhlt;s]sf] a|flhnsf] 6f]nLdf /f]gfN8f], /f]gflN8gf], l/efN8f], /f]a6f]{ sfnf]{;, Ol8N;g, 8]lgN;g, efDk]6fh:tf ljZjsf Ps ;] Ps v]nf8L 5g\. a|flhnn] ljutdf ljZjsk lhTbf o:t} clglZrttfaf6 u'lh|Psf] tYo gla;f}{+ ls < a|flhn cflv/ a|flhn xf], hxf“sf afl;Gbfsf] g;fdf /ut x}g km'6an g} aU5 eg] klg x'G5.

6sL{ ljZjhut\sf] nflu tof/

/f] !((^ df klxnf] k6s ;xefuL / o'/f] @))) df Sjf6{/kmfOgn r/0f;Dd k'u]kl5 ljZjhut\df klxrfg agfpg tof/ 5 6sL{.

k|f/lDes r/0fsf] glthf !)–^–#–!–!*–*–@! /x]sf] 6sL{ o'/f]ksf] ;d"x $ sf] pkljh]tf eof] / cl:6«ofnfO{ Kn]–ckmdf ;du|df z"Gosf lj?4 ^ uf]nn] x/fO{ $* jif{kl5 bf];|f] k6s ljZjskdf 5gf]6 eof]. o;cl3 !(%$ ljZjskdf k=hd{gL;“u $–! uf]nn] k/flht ePsf] 6sL{ b=sf]l/ofnfO{ &–) uf]nsf] ljzfn cGt/n] x/fP klg k|yd r/0faf6} aflxl/Psf] lyof].

;]gf]n u'Og];sf] 6f]nLsf] ;kmntf ljut bz jif{b]lv ;~rflnt ;'wf/fTds sfo{qmdsf] Pp6f s8L xf]. w]/}h;f] v]nf8Lx¿ ;'wfl/Psf] 6ls{; km:6{ l8lehgaf6 NofOPsf 5g\. d'VotM O:tfga'nl:yt ufnf6f;f/], km]g]/afx\;] / a]l;Stf;af6÷
cGo o'/f]lkog lnudf v]N5g\. oL cg'ejLx¿sf] 6f]nLn] ljZjsf] pTs[i6 l6dnfO{ klg ;d:of v8f ug{ ;S5g\.

OG6/ ldnfgsf xfsg ;'s/, km]g]/afx\;]sf] uf]n/Ifs ?:6' /]Sa/, P:6g leNnfsf cfNk] cf]hfnfg ;kmntd s]xL 6ls{; v]nf8Lx¿ x'g\. cGo 6f]nLnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg / ck|Toflzt kl/0ffd Nofpg sf]l/of÷hfkfg k'u]sf] 5 o;kflnsf] 6ls{; 6f]nL.

rLg rf}jfnL; jif{b]lvsf] ;fwgf

ut s]xL jif{b]lv leGgfleGg} b]znfO{ ljZjskdf k'¥ofO/x]sf af]/f ldn'l6gf]lesn] o; k6s ljZjsf] ;jf{lws hg;+Vof ePsf] d'n's rLgnfO{ klxnf] k6s km'6anhut\sf] ;jf]{Rr prfOdf k'¥ofP/ rLgsf] aiff}{+b]lvsf] ;fwgf ;kmn agfOlbPsf 5g\.

ljZjhut\df rLgn] s:tf] k|bz{g ug]{5 eGg] s'/f eljiosf] ue{df n's]sf] 5. ;'g lhxfO{, ln 6fO{ tyf So" af]h:tf ev{/sf v]nf8Lx¿sf] nflu dfq x}g ljutdf ljZj km'6ansf] pRr laGb' k'Ug] k|of; ubf{ lg/fzf dfq xft kf/]sf xfcf] xfO8f]·, km]g emL / df ldª\Uo"h:tf e]6«fgx¿sf] nflu lgs} v'zLsf] s'/f xf].

5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] klxnf] r/0fdf ldn'sf] 6f]nL dflNbE;, OG8f]g]l;ofh:tf] /fi6«x¿;“u n/v/fP klg bf];|f] r/0fdf e/kbf]{ / k|efjsf/L v]n k|bz{g ub}{ ^ v]ndf % hLt ! a/fa/Lsf ;fy Pl;ofnL ;d"xaf6 ;f]em} l5d]sL /fi6«x¿df ;~rfng x'g] ljZjskdf 5gf]6 eof].

Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf dxf/ly rLgn] km'6andf klg k|ult ub}{ cfO/x]sf] s'/f b'O{ jif{cufl8 n]agfgdf ePsf] Pl;of sksf] ;]dLkmfOgn r/0f;Dd k'u]/ k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] lyof]. oL kl/jt{gx¿ lrlgof“ km'6an ;+3sf] ljsf; sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] Jofj;flos lnusf kl/0ffd x'g\.

sf]:6fl/sf sl7g ofqfkl5sf]===

gsfkm If]qdf kfj/xfp; gdflgP tfklg sf]:6fl/sf km'6ansf] nflu uj{ ug'{kg]{ /fi6« xf]. ‘l6sf];’ gfdn] lrlgg] pQm k'm6an 6f]nL lkmkmf ljZjskdf !(() kl5 bf];|f] k6s 5gf]6 eP/ ut ;]K6]Da/b]lv d:tL dgfO/x]sf] 5.

5gf]6 r/0fdf !)–&–@–!–!&–&–@# glthf NofO{ sgsfkm If]qdf k|yd ePsf sf]:6fl/sf #–%–@ sf] ;+/rgfdf v]Nb5. 6f]nLdf nrsbf/ ld8lkmN8x¿ 5g\, h;n] ljkIfnfO{ ;lhn} em'Sofp“5 / k|Tofqmd0f;d]t ub{5. klxnf] r/0fsf] 5gf]6 r/0f;d]t !$ v]ndf @% uf]n u/]/ uf]n ug]{ Ifdtf klg bzf{Psf] 5 sf]:6fl/sfn].

5gf]6 r/0fsf] ;'?tfsf af/af8f];h:tf] sdhf]/ 6f]nLl;t xfg{ k'u]sf] sf]:6fl/sfn] d]lS;sf]nfO{ pgLx¿sf] e"lddf k/flht ug'{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pknlAw xf]. d]lS;sf] l;6Ll:yt u'On]df]{ Sofg]8f /·zfnfdf o;cl3 s'g} klg sgsfkm 6f]nLn] d]lS;sf]nfO{ x/fPsf] lyPg.

@))! hgj/Ldf lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]b]lv !! cGt/f{li6«o v]ndf ljho lbnfPsf k|lzIfs Pn]Sh]G8/ u'Odf/];sf] 6f]nLdf /f]nfG8f] kmf]G;]sf, kfpnf] jfGrf]k, xgf{g d]8kmf]8{h:tf ;zQm v]nf8Lx¿ 5g\.

!((!, (& / (( df cgsfkm RoflDkog eO;s]sf] sf]:6fl/sf !(() ljZjsksf] k|L–Sjf6{/kmfOgndf r]sf]:nf]eflsof;“u k/flht ePsf lyP.

;d"x l8

blIf0f sf]l/of kf]NofG8 cd]l/sf kf]r'{un

blIf0f sf]l/of bf];|f] r/0f k'Ug] Jou|tf

Pl;of dxfb]zsf cGo k|ltåGåLeGbf zlQmzfnL /fi6« blIf0f sf]l/of !(*^ b]lv lg/Gt/ 5gf]6 ePsf]df o; k6s @))@ ljZjsksf] ;x–cfof]hssf] ¿kdf :jtM 5gf]6 ePsf] 5.

lkmkmf ljZjsksf] clGtd r/0fdf blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] k|bz{g ldl>t vfnsf] eP tfklg !(%$ ljZjskb]lvsf] !$ j6f v]ndf Pp6f klg hLt xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g -$ a/fa/L !) xf/_.

!(^^ ljZjskdf Ps k6s dfq 5gf]6 ePsf] cf?gf] l5d]sL pQ/ sf]l/ofnL 6f]nLn] Sjf6{/kmfOgn r/0f;Dd k'uL v8f u/]sf] sLlt{dfg klg e· ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g k|lzIfs u'; lxl8Gs / pgsf] 6f]nLn]. ctM o; k6s blIf0f sf]l/ofnL 6f]nL cTolws 3/]n' bafadf 5 sDtLdf Pp6f ljho xfl;n ug{ tyf lkmkmf ljZjsksf] bf];|f] r/0f;Dd k'UgnfO{.

blIf0f sf]l/ofnL 6f]nL / ljZjsf pTs[i6 6f]nLx¿aLr /x]sf] vf8n k'g{ afx\o ;xof]usf] ¿kdf ;g\ @))! sf] hgj/Ldf klxnf] k6s u}/sf]l/ofnL k|lzIfs u'; lxl8Gs lgo'Qm ePsf lyP.

!(%^, ^) sf] Pl;ofsk ljh]tf blIf0f sf]l/ofnL 6f]nLdf lxl8Gs;“u l;of]n sL x\of]gh:tf Ifdtfjfg\ v]nf8L dfq x}g w]/}h;f] k|mfG; ‘(* df c;kmn eP klg xf]·Do'· af], o' ;f· r'n, xjf· ;'g xf]·h:tf e/kbf{ v]nf8Lx¿ klg 5g\.

kf]NofG8 pTs[i6tfsf] cg'e"lt

!(&$ ljZjskdf s'n & uf]n u/L ;jf{lws uf]nstf{ ag]sf kf]NofG8sf u|]huf]h{ nf6f]sf] b]z kf]NofG8 Ps hdfgfdf ljZjsf pTs[i6 6f]nLx¿dWo] Ps lyof] eGg] s'/f la;{g nfos 5. kf]NofG8n] !(&$ ljZjskdf a|flhnnfO{ x/fO{ t];|f], !(&* ljZjskdf tTsfnLg l8km]lG8ª RoflDkog k=hd{gLeGbf cufl8 /x]sf] Pjd\ !(*@ ljZjskdf k|mfG;nfO{ x/fO{ k'gM t];|f] ePsf] lyof]. k|f/lDes r/0fsf] glthf !)–^–#–!–@!–!!–@! /x]sf] kf]NofG8 o'/f]ksf] ;d"x % af6 5gf]6 ePsf] xf]. !(*^ ljZjskkl5 klxnf] k6s lkmkmf ljZjsksf] clGtd r/0fdf efu lnO/x]sf] kf]NofG8n] !((@ cf]nlDksdf /ht kbs lhTg'afx]s cGo s'g} vf; pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] 5}g. &) sf] bzs tyf *) sf] ;'?tfsf ;'gf}nf jif{x¿ JotLt u/]sf] kf]NofG8n] To;kl5 o'/f]lkog km'6an k|ltof]lutfx¿df klg s'g} ;kmntf xft kf/]g.

t/ gfOh]l/ofdf hGd]sf Odfg'on cf]ln;fb]a]n] kf]lnz gful/stf lnPkl5 cg]s kl/jt{gx¿ b]lvg yfn], ljleGg k|sf/sf uf]nx¿ x'g yfn]. h'g lkmkmf ljZjskdf kf]NofG8sf] clGtd v]n cyf{t\ !(*^ ljZjsksf] bf];|f] r/0fdf a|flhn;“u $–) n] k/flht ePb]lv b]lvPsf] lyPg. cf]ln;fb]a]n] 5gf]6 r/0fdf & uf]n u/]sf lyP eg] kf]NofG8n] Ps k6s dfq k/fho ef]u]sf lyP.

kf]ln; ;dy{sx¿ cf]ln;fb]a]nfO{ cf?g} dfG5g\ eg] k"j{gfOh]l/og cf]ln;fb]a]n] klg cf?gf] bf];|f] /fi6« kf]NofG8nfO{ u|]huf]h{ nf6f]s} kfnfsf] ;'gf}nf lbgdf kmsf{pg k|of;df 5g\. kf]NofG8nfO{ pTs[i6 km'6ansf] b[li6n] ;Demg' :jfutof]Uo 5.

;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf dxŒjfsf+IfL afx\o v]nf8Lx?

ut ljZjskdf clGtd :yfgdf lrQ a'emfpg'k/]sf] ;+=/f= cd]l/sf 6f]nLnfO{ o'jf pT;fxn] l;l~rt ug{ h?/L 5. ;jf{lws ;kmn k|lzIfs a|'; P/]gfsf] kfnfdf cd]l/sL km'6ann] sf]N6] km]/]sf] 5. P/]gfn] uf]n/Ifssf] ¿kdf v]ln;s]sf 5g\.

k|lzIfssf] lhDd]jf/L lnPkl5 P/]gfn] ljZjel/af6 /fd|f v]nf8L a6'Ng yfn] / @) hgfeGbf a9L v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ klxnf] df}sf lbO;lsPsf] 5. cd]l/sL 6f]nLn] ljkIfL 6f]nLnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL $–$–@– jf #–%–@ sf] ;+/rgfdf cfnf]kfnf] u/L v]N5. /Iffk+lQmdf /x]sf v]nf8Lx¿sf] bf}8g] Ifdtf sd ePsf]n] cd]l/sL 6f]nLsf] nflu k5fl8 efudf $ hgf /lx/xg' >]ois/ b]lvG5.

6f]nLsf] /Iffk+lQm klxNo}b]lv alnof] 5. yk d2t lbg uf]n/Ifsx¿ s];L lsn/ / a|f8 lk|mO8]n klg tof/ 5g\. /ftf], ;]tf] / gLnf]n] cu|k+lQm tyf ld8lkmN8df qmdzM cd]l/sfsf] nflu ;jf{lws uf]nstf{ cgL{ :6]jf6{ / sKtfg Snfpl8cf] /]Pgfh:tf cd"No v]nf8Lx¿ e]§fPsf 5g\.

!(#) ljZjsksf ;]dLkmfOgln:6, !((! sgsfkm ljh]tf ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfn] k|f/lDes r/0fdf !)–%–!–#–!!–*–!& glhtfsf ;fy lkmkmf ljZjskdf ;ftf}+ k6s ;xefuL x'“b}5.

kf]r'{un ;'gf}nf] lk“9Lsf] rlDsnf] ofqf

bf];|f] k6s eg]sf] /fd|f] k6s xf]’ km'6ansf] dfldnfdf nfu" x'g] pQm kf]r'{luh pvfg slxNo} k|Voft ePsf] lyPg. klxn] b'O{ k6s ljZjsk clGtd r/0fdf ;xeflutf hgfO;s]sf] kf]r'{unn] o; k6s k|f/lDes r/0fdf !)–&–#–)–##–&–@$ glthf NofO{ o'/f]ksf] ;d"x @ af6 5gf]6 eof]. ljZj:t/sf] k|ltof]lutfdf gof“ prfO xfl;n ug]{ jf:tljs cfzf /fvL sf]l/of÷hfkfg hf“b}5g\.

kf]r'{unsf ;'gf}nf] lk“9L, h;dWo] @))! sf lkmkmf jif{ v]nf8L n'O; lkmuf], P;L ldnfgsf ?O{ sf]:6f cf?gf] hLjgsf] 7"nf] k/LIff lbg tof/ 5g\. /fli6«o 6f]nLsf w]/}h;f] v]nf8Lx¿n] b'O{j6f lkmkmf ljZj o'jf RoflDkogl;k -;fpbL c/]laof !(*( / kf]r'{un !((+!_ lhlt;s]sf 5g\. yk s]xL o'°f @! jif{d'lgsf RoflDkogl;k lhlt;s]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL !((^ P6nfG6f cf]nlDksdf rf}yf] :yfg xfl;n u/]sf lyP.

;du|df of] 5}6f}+ k6s xf] kf]r'{un a[xt\ k|ltof]lutfdf k'u]sf]. kf]r'{unn] !(^^ ljZjsk, o'/f] !(*$ / o'/f] @))) tLgj6} k|ltof]lutfdf t];|f] :yfg xfl;n u/]sf lyP. kf]r'{luhx¿ /fd|f] km'6ansf] cj/f]w x6fO{ klxNo} slxn] gkfPsf] glthf lgsfNg pBt\ 5g\. k|lzIfssf] kb :jLsfb}{ PG6f]lgcf] cf]lne]O/fn] eg]sf lyP– ‘xfdL /fd|f] x'g'eGbf klxnf] x'g'k5{.’

s] n'O; lkmuf]n] kf]r'{unnfO{ ‘sfnf] lrt'jf’ sf] pkgfdn] lrlgg] tyf !(^^ ljZjsksf ;jf{lws uf]nstf{ Pjd\ ;j{>]i7 v]nf8L o';]lacf]n]eGbf cufl8 k'¥ofpnf <

;d"x O{

hd{gL ;fpbL c/]laof cfo/NofG8 Sofd?g

hd{gL ;kmntfsf nflu k'gM k|of;/t

a|flhnkl5 O6fnL hlQs} cyf{t\ !% k6s 5gf]6 x'g ;kmn hd{gL ljut s]xL jif{b]lv cf]/fnf] nflu/x]sf] 5, t/ ljZjsf pTs[i6 l6dx¿dfem lemNsf Nofpg cw}o{tfsf ;fy klv{/x]5.

DofYo'h, lSnG;Dofg, ef]n/ cflbn] cf?gf] v]nhLjg cGTo u/]b]lv cf]lne/ sfxfg, d]xd]6 :sf]n, h]G;, h]/]ld;h:tf s]xL v]nf8Lx¿ dfq 5g\ pRr:t/sf] v]n k|bz{g ug]{. jfo{g Do'lgvqon] cGt/f{li6«o cg'ej a6'n]sf dfq 5}gg\, Sna:t/Lo o'kmf RoflDkoG; lnu @)))–@))! sf] ;kmntfsf] :jfb klg rfv]sf 5g\.

eljiosf] ;kmntfsf] nflu hd{gLsf] 7"nf] cfzf ld8lkmN8/ ;]afl:6og 8]:n/df lge{/ 5. csf{ cfqmfds ld8lkmN8/ tyf hd{gLsf] pRr uf]nstf{ dfOsn afnfs klg dxŒjk"0f{ v]nf8L x'g\. /Iffk+lQmdf /x]sf h]G; gf]jf]6\gL, lqmlZrog jG;{, yf]d; lnª\sn] * j6f 5gf]6 v]ndf !) uf]n dfq ug{ lbP. h;dWo] cfwL t O·NofG8;“usf] v]ndf -hd{gL %–! uf]nn] k/flht x'“bf_ ePsf] lyof]. of] hd{gLsf] km'6an Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf la;{gof]Uo k/fho xf].

!(%$, !(&$, !(() sf ljZjsk ljh]tf= !(^^, !(*@, !(*^ ljZjsksf pkljh]tf= o'/f] &@, *), (^ sf ljh]tf tyf o'/f] &^, (@ sf pkljh]tf hd{gLsf] o; k6ssf] ljZjsksf] 5gf]6 r/0f ;xh lyPg. 5gf]6 r/0fdf *–%–@–!–!$–!)–!& glthf /x]sf] hd{gL O·NofG8;“u a/fa/Ldf /x\of], t/ uf]nleGgtfsf] cfwf/ hd{gL o'qm]g;“u Kn]–ckm v]Ng'k¥of] / ;du|df %–@ uf]nn] ljho xfl;n u/L o'/f]kaf6 @))@ ljZjsksf] nflu 5gf]6 x'g] bzf}+ /fi6« aGof].

;fpbL c/]laof vf8L If]qsf] uf}/j

;g\ !(*$ b]lv kf“r k6s nuftf/ Pl;ofsksf] kmfOgndf k'uL tLg k6s pkflw xft kfg{ ;kmn ;fpbL c/]laof @) jif{otf Pl;of dxfb]zsf] cu|k+lQmdf /lxcfPsf] 5. lkmkmf ljZjsksf] clGtd r/0fdf ;fpbL c/a nuftf/ t];|f] k6s 5gf]6 ePsf] xf].

!(^^ ljZjskdf pQ/ sf]l/ofsf] pTs[i6 k|bz{gkl5 !(($ ljZjskdf ;fpbL c/a lkmkmf ljZjsksf] bf];|f] r/0f;Dd k'Ug] klxnf] /fi6« aGof], t/ pRr cfsf+Iffsf ;fy k|mfG; (* k'u]sf] ;fpbL 6f]nL 8]gdfs{;“u !–) uf]nn] tyf k|mfG;;“u $–) uf]nn] k/flht Pjd\ blIf0f clk|msf;“u @–@ uf]nsf] a/fa/Ldf lrQ a'emfpg'k/]kl5 Sjf6{/kmfOgn;Dd k'Ug] ;kgf rsgfr'/ eof].

;fpbL c/]laofsf] ;kmntfsf] >]o k|lzIfssf] dfldnfdf /fi6«n] lnPsf] v'nf åf/ gLltnfO{ hfG5. P8'cf8f]{ le·8fn] ;fpbL 6f]nLnfO{ !((^ df o'POdf ;~rflnt Pl;ofsk pkflw lbnfPb]lv sDtLdf * hgf k|lzIfs kl/jt{g eO;s]. o; cjlwdf cf]§f] lkm:6/ / gf;]/ cnhf]x/n] b'O{ k6s lhDd]jf/L ;DxfnL ;s].

3'“8fdf uDeL/ rf]6 nfu]sf sf/0f 5gf]6 r/0f bf}/fg d}bfgaflx/ /x]sf jif{sf] Pl;og v]nf8L gjfkm cn t]Dof6sf] k'gcf{udgkl5 ;fpbLsf] ck]Iff lglZrt¿kdf a9]sf] 5.

sf]l/of÷hfkfg k'Ug ;fpbL c/]laofn] 5gf]6 r/0fn] clGtd v]ndf yfONofG8nfO{ x/fpg}kg]{, csf]{tkm{ cf?gf] ;d"xsf] lgs6 k|ltåGåL O/fgnfO{ ax/fOgn] x/fpg'kg]{ afWotf lyof]. geGb} To:t} eof]. o;/L lkmkmf ljZj o'jf -!& jif{d'lg_ RoflDkogl;k !(*( ljh]tf ;fpbL c/]laofn] 5gf]6 r/0fsf] ;'?cft v/fa ePsf]n] k"j{k|lzIfs :nf]af]bfg ;fGqfssf] hflu/ uof]. h] xf];\, ;fpbL c/]laof *–%–@–!–!&–*–!& glthf NofO{ Pl;ofnL ;d"x ‘s’af6 ;Lw} 5gf]6 eof].

cfo/NofG8 k|ltljDaaf6 pl7/x]sf] 5

cf0ftGq cfo/NofG8 !(*& b]lv km'6an If]qdf pbfO/x]sf] 5. O·NofG8sf k"j{x:tL Hofs rfN6{gsf] /]vb]vdf ^ jif{sf] cjlwdf b'O{j6f lkmkmf ljZjsk / Pp6f o'/f] RoflDkogl;kdf ;xefuL eO;s]sf] 5.

;g\ !((% df Hofs rfn{6gsf] cjsfzkl5 pgsf k"j{;xfos lds DofsfyL{nfO{ g]b/NofG8, kf]r'{un ;dflji6 ‘u|'k ckm 8]y’af6 @))@ ljZjskdf k'¥ofpg w]/} ;+3if{ ug'{k¥of].

sKtfg tyf Kn]d]s/ /f]o lsgn] cGt/f{li6«o km'6an If]qdf k|efj hdfP. pQm v/f] ld8lkmN8/n] klxn] cf?gf] ana'tfdf p7\g g;s]sf] cfOl/; 6f]nLnfO{ dfly k'¥ofof]. lsgls ;xof]uL kfqx¿ w]/}h;f] o'jf / cfZro{ vfnsf 5g\. 8]ldog 8?km, Dof6 xn}G8, dfs{ lsG;]nf, dfs{ s]g]8L ;a}n] slxNo} gb]lvPsf] cfo/NofG8sf] :t/ / ld8lkmN8df nrstf b]vfP.

cu|k+lQmdf :6«fOs/ /f]o lsg o'/f]ksf ;jf{lws Ifdtfjfg\ v]nf8L x'g\ eg] lSnG6g d]l/;gsf] eljio xl/of] h;L{df pHHjn b]lvG5. h'g;'s} :yfgaf6 v]Ng ;Sg] 8]le8 sf]gf]nL klg k|efjzfnL v]nf8L x'g\.

!(() ljZjskdf cf?gf] klxnf] ljZjskd} Sjf6{/kmfOgn r/0f;Dd k'Ug ;Ifd u0ftGq cfo/NofG8n] o; k6s o'/f]ksf] ;d"x @ sf] 5gf]6 r/0fdf !)–&–#–)–@#–%–@$ glthf Nofof]. 5gf]6 r/0fdf Pp6} v]n gxf/] klg ;d"x k|yd aGg g;Sgfn] O/fg;“u Kn]–ckm v]Ng'k/]sf] lyof] / ;du|df @–! uf]nn] k/flht u/L @))@ ljZjsksf] nflu 5gf]6 eof].

Sofd?g gof“ k|lzIfs, gof“ r'gf}tL

@))@ ljZjsksf] nflu 5gf]6 ePsf] klxnf] /fi6« Sofd?g xf]. Sofd?gsf ck/flht l;+x clk|msf dxfb]zsf nflu sLlt{dfg /fVb} kf“rf} k6s lkmkmf ljZjskdf ;xefuL x'“b}5g\.

clk|msg RoflDkogl;kdf cflwkTo hdfO/x]sf] Sofd?g lkmkmf ljZjsksf] Sjf6{/kmfOgn;Dd k'Ug] Ps dfq clk|msL b]z klg xf].

!(() ljZjskdf Sofd?gn] pb3f6\g v]ndf l8km]lG8ª RoflDkog ch]{lG6gfnfO{ x/fO{ ljZjsf] Wofg lvRof]. #* jifL{o /f]h/ ldNnfsf] cfZro{doL 6f]nLn] uf]n u/]kl5 5'§} k|sf/n] pT;j dgfp“Yof]. pQm clk|msL 6f]nLnfO{ ljkIfLx¿sf] 8/–qf; s]xL lyPg, t/ g]kN;df O·NofG8n] v]nsf] cltl/Qm ;dodf Sofd?gsf] /·Lg ;kgf rsgfr'/ kfl/lbof].

!(*$, !(** / @))) sf clk|msL g];G; sk ljh]tf tyf @))) cf]nlDks :j0f{ ljh]tf Sofd?gn] o; k6s 5gf]6 r/0fdf *–^–!–!–!$–$–!( glthf NofO{ clk|msL dxfb]zsf] ;d"x ‘s’af6 5gf]6 ePsf] lyof]. Sofd?gsf] ;kmntfsf] >]o $–$–@ sf] ;+/rgfdf v]nf8L kl/rflnt x'g' xf].

Sofd?g 6f]nLsf clwsf+z ;b:ox¿n] @))) sf] cf]nlDkssf] :j0f{ kbs lhtL cGt/f{li6«o ;kmntfsf] :jfb rflv;s]sf 5g\. pQm ;kmntfsf d'Vo v]nf8Lx¿ Kofl6«sDaf]df, ;fd'on O6f] / nfp/]g O6fd] d]o/n] sf]l/of÷hfkfgdf pqg]5g\.

v]nd}bfgdf lglj{jfb¿kdf pTs[i6 k|bz{g ul//x]sf] Sofd?g 6f]nLsf] k|lzIfsdf eg] utjif{ y'k|} pynk'yn cfof]. @))@ ljZjsk ;'? x'g' 7Ls & dlxgfcufl8 Joj:yfksLo afu8f]/ ;DxfNg gof“ k|lzIfssf] ¿kdf :6'6uf6{ tyf sfN;{?x]sf k"j{k|lzIfs ljGk|m]8 :sfkm/ cfPsf 5g\.