xftuf]8f, k]6 / sDd/sf] nflu nfebfos cf;gx¿

o; :tDesf] k"j{n]vdf of]usf] gfddf ePsf ljs[ltx?, cf;g u/]kl5 s] ug]{< aRrfx?sf] cufl8 cf;g ubf{ s]–s:tf] Wofg lbg]< cf;gx?sf] 5gf]6 s;/L ug]{< ;+uLtsf] nodf cf;gsf] dhfh:tf ljifox?df rrf{ ul/g'sf ;fy} pQfgf] ;'t]/ ug]{ s]xL cf;gx?sf] cEof; / nfesf af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . ca yk s'/fx? l;sf}+ .

‘cf;g]g ?hf] xlGt’ cyf{t\ cf;gx¿n] /f]unfO{ gi6 ub{5. of]uu|Gydf pNn]lvt o; egfOnfO{ k'li6 ug]{ k|df0fx¿ tkfO{+ :jod\ klg aGg ;Sg'x'g]5. olb tkfO{+nfO{ s'g} /f]u nfu]sf] 5 eg] Tof] /f]u 7Ls kfg{sf] nflu of]usf lgleGg lqmofx¿nufot cf;gx¿sf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg'x'g]5. tkfO{+n] cf?gf] /f]u jf ;d:ofsf] nflu h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] lrlsT;f k4ltx¿ h:t}– xf]ldof]k]yL, cfo'j]{b, Pnf]k]yL, k|fs[lts lrlsT;f cflbdWo] h'g;'s} ckgfP klg To;sf] ;fydf cf;gnufot ;a} ci6f· of]unfO{ k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] tkfO{+sf] /f]u 7Ls x'gdf sd ;do nfU5.

x'g t of]u cfkm} klg w]/}j6f /f]udf k"0f{ pkrf/ aGg ;S5 / ldl>t pkrf/df klg ckgfp“bf of] k|efjsf/L x'g] u5{. a? /f]ux¿df of]ufEof; ug'{k"j{ of]Uo of]u lrlsT;ssf] k/fdz{ lng'k5{.

/f]ux¿ 7Ls kfg{, /f]u nfUg glbgsf] nflu /f]uk|lt/f]ws zlQm a9fpg]nufot cGo ljleGg p2]Zox¿sf lglDt cf;gx¿sf] cEof; ug{ ;lsG5. h:t}– 1fg]lGb|ox¿sf] sfo{zlQm a9fpg], c+ux¿sf] ljsf/ lgisf;g u/L sfo{Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{, :d/0fzlQm a9fpg], prfO a9fpg], tgfj x6fO{ dfgl;s cfgGb / zflGt k|fKt ug]{, dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfl;s ;|fj 7Ls /fVg] Pjd\ uef{j:yf / k|;"lt cj:yf ;xh agfpg]h:tf cg]sf}+ p2]Zox¿sf lglDt cf;gx¿sf] cEof; ul/g] x'“bf ;f] p2]Zo k|fKt gx'Gh]n;Dd cf;gx¿sf] cEof; lgoldt¿kn] ug'{k5{.

s'grflx“ cf;g ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ 5<

 x/]s cf;gsf] cf–cf?g} ljif]z dxŒj /x]sf] x'G5. /f]u 7Ls kfg{ xf];\ jf lg/f]uL /xg xf];\, k|To]s cf;gn] s'g} g s'g} c·ljz]ifdf vf; k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5. To;}n] s'g} Ps /f]udf Pp6f cf;gn] °fObf ug{ ;S5 eg] csf]{ /f]udf cs}{ cf;g a9L nfebfos x'g ;S5. nfvf}+ cf;gx¿sf] 5gf}6 u/L ;of}+df ;Lldt ul/Psf] 5. To;df klg *$ j6f cf;gx¿nfO{ d'Vo cf;gsf ¿kdf of]uu|Gyx¿n] JofVof u/]sf 5g\. tL ;j{>]i7 *$ cf;gx¿dWo] /fhof]udf ljz]if dxŒj lbg] cf;g ‘kb\df;g’nfO{ ;j{>]i7 klxnf] cf;gsf] ¿kdf lnO;s]sf] 5. ci6f· of]usf] clGtd nIo;Dd k'Ug / cf;gnfO{ e'O“af6 p7fpg ;lsg] ePsf]n] klg o; kb\df;gnfO{ ljz]if dxŒjk"0f{ cf;gsf] ¿kdf JofVof ul/Psf] xf] eGg] s'/f pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5. of]ufEof;Lsf] z/L/, /f]u cflb cg'¿k g} s'g} cf;g sd jf a9L dxŒjk"0f{ x'g;S5.

s] cf;gx¿ ug]{ a9L ‘8fO6’ vfg'k5{ <

km'6an, elnan, alS;ª, t]SjfGbf], kf}8L, ˜ofG8an, lqms]6 cflb h'g;'s} lsl;dsf v]ns'bx¿sf] cEof;sf qmddf Jofofdx¿ ug]{ ubf{ cEof; ug]{ jf v]Ng] JolQmn] a9L dfqfdf vfgf jf kf]if0f k|of]u ug'{k5{ eGg] lgod agfOPsf] x'G5. x'g klg o:tf v]ns'b of Jofofdsf] qmddf a9L dfqfdf Sofnf]/Lsf] x|f; x'g] x'“bf ;f]xLcg'¿ksf vfg]s'/fx¿ vfg]÷v'jfpg] rng 5. To;}n] of] s'/f yfxf kfPsf JolQmx¿ of]uf;gsf] cEof;sf qmddf klg vfg]s'/fx¿sf] dfqf a9fpg'kg]{ xf] ls< eGg] e|ddf kg{ ;S5g\, t/ cf;gsf] cEof;sf qmddf o:tf] s'g} klg cltl/Qm vfgfsf] cfjZostf kb}{g.

v]nf8Lx¿n] cTolws k|of]u ug]{ a9L k|f]l6g Pjd\ lrNnf]o'Qm vfg]s'/fx¿ df5f, df;', c08f, u]8fu'8L, b"w cflb cf;gsf] cEof; ug]{ JolQmnfO{ cfjZos kb}{g. cf;g ubf{ a9L zlQm gfz gx'g] a? pmhf{ art x'g];d]t ePsf] x'“bf cltl/Qm kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf cfjZos x'“b}g. a? cf;gx¿sf] cEof;sf qmddf ;fbf / ;flTjs vfnsf] vfgkfg u/]df emg\ a9L kmfObf x'g] ub{5. To;}n] of]uf;gsf cEof;sf qmddf xNsf vfg'k5{. b"w, kmnkm"n / xl/of] t/sf/L a9L vfg ;lsG5.

s]xL cf;gx¿ xftuf]8f, k]6 / sDd/sf nflu s]xL nfebfos cf;gsf] cEof; ug]{ tl/sfsf] af/]df oxf“ j0f{g ul/G5.

Pskfb ;nef;g

ljlw M t:jL/ g++= %^ df h:t} u/L lrp“8f]n] 6]s]/ 3f]K6f] ;'tL b'j} v'§f hf]8\g'xf];\. z/L/sf] bfof“–afof“ /x]sf b'j} xftnfO{ v'§f -lt3|f_sf] tn xTs]nf v'Nnf /fv]/ -d'7L kf/] klg x'G5_ cf;gsf] nflu tof/ /xg'xf];\. ca :jf; ln+b} la:tf/} bflxg] v'§fnfO{ tGsfP/ t:jL/ g++=%& df h:t} cj:yfdf /xg'xf];\. sl/a %–& ;]s]G8 /f]lsP/ :jf; 5f]8\b} la:tf/} v'§fnfO{ tn /fVg';\. o;/L g} %–!) k6s cEof; ug'{;\ / km]l/ csf]{ -b]a|]_ v'§fsf] klg To;/L g} cEof; ug'{;\. v'§fnfO{ p7fp“bf ;'?;'?df xTs]nfn] lt3|fdf bafa lbP/ dflylt/ ws]Ng klg ;lsG5. x]g'{;\– t:jL/ g+=%* df. of] u/]kl5 >4f;gdf cf/fd ug'{k5{. >4f;gsf] af/]df n]vsf] cGTodf hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5.

åLkfb ;nef;g

ljlw M Pskfb ;nef;gdf cEo:t eO;s]kl5 åLkfb ;nef;gsf] cEof; ug'{;\. o;sf nflu klg 3f]K6f] ;'t]/ b'j} v'§f hf]8L b'j} xftnnfO{ v'§f-lt3|f_sf] tnlt/ /fvL lrp“8f]n] 6]Sg';\. ca :jf; ln+b} b'j} v'§f hf]8]/ tGsfp“b}, xftn] lt3|fdf an u/]/ p7fp“b} v'§fnfO{ t:jL/ g+=%( df h:t} u/L hlt;Sbf] p7fO{ /f]ls/fVg';\. %–& ;]s]G8kl5 :jf; 5f]8\b} v'§f e'O“df /fVg';\. o;/L g} %–!) k6s cEof; ug'{;\. of] cf;g u/]kl5 >4f;gdf /xL cf/fd ug'{;\.

;fjwfgL M kf7]3/ v:s]sf] -;/]sf]_, c08sf]ifsf] b'vfO, xlg{ofh:tf /f]ux¿df of] cf;g ug'{x'“b}g. a9L 5ftL b'Vbf, sDd/ w]/} b'Vbf, uef{j:yfdf ;d]t of] cf;gn] xflg k'Ug ;S5.

;nef;gsf nfex¿ M o; cf;gn] kfrgzlQm a9fpg] / ef]s hufpg] ub{5. k]6sf /f]ux¿ slAhot, sf]nfOl6;, Uofl:6«snfO{ kmfObf ub{5. 9f8÷sDd/ b'vfO, v'§fsf] g;f b'Vg] -;fOl6sf_ / dlxnfx¿sf] dlxgfjf/L;DaGwL u8a8LnfO{ ;d]t o;n] x6fpg d2t ub{5. df]6f]kgf 36fpg, v'§f ;'8f}n / alnof] agfpg tyf dlxnfx¿sf] kf7]3/ Pjd\ cGo k|hgg c· alnof] kfg{ ;nef;gn] clt g} dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5. dw'd]x /f]udf klg o;sf] cEof; nfesf/L 5.

kfb ;~rfngf;g

ljlw M -s_ pQfgf] ;'Tg'xf];\ / b'j} xft z/L/sf] bfof“–afof“ ;“u} /fvL b'j} v'§fnfO{ dfly p7fpg';\ / t:jL/ g+=^) df h:t} u/]/ ;fOsn rnfPsf] h:tf] ug'{;\. v'§f uNg]÷yfSg] ePkl5 la:tf/} v'§fnfO{ e'O“df /fVg';\. a9L yfSg'ePsf] 5 eg] zjf;gdf /x]/ cf/fd ug'{;\. k'gM To;/L g} v'§f p7fpg';\ / ca rflx“ v'§fnfO{ pN6f] lbzflt/ 3'dfp“b} rnfpg';\, yfs]kl5 v'§f e'O“df /fVg';\. o;/L g} p7fp“b} PskN6 pN6f] csf]{kN6 ;'N6f] u/L kfn}kfnf] !)÷!% k6s cEof; ug'{;\.

ljlw -v_ M pQfgf] ;'t]/ b'j} v'§f hf]8\g';\. b'j} xftnfO{ xTs]nf÷cf}+nf Ps–cfk;df km;fP/ To;df 6fpsf] /fvL v'§fnfO{ ljlw g++ -s_ df em}+ u/L t:jL/ g+=^! df h:t} u/]/ sDd/sf] ann] hLp p7fO{ ;fOsn rnfPsf] h:tf] ug'{;\. yfs]kl5 hLp tn /fv]/ zjf;g u/L cf/fd ug'{;\. o;/L k'gM cEof; ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5.

;fjwfgL M sDd/ b'Vbf, dlxnfsf] kf7]3/ ;bf{ of] cf;gsf] cEof; gug'{;\.

kfb ;~rfngf;gsf nfex¿ M

o; cf;gn] ;Dk"0f{ z/L/nfO{ Jofofd k|bfg ub{5. ckr, c?lr, clgb|f, slAhot, dw'd]x, ;fdfGo sDd/ b'vfO, v'§fsf hf]gL{ b'Vg], df]6f]kgfh:tf ljleGg ;d:ofx¿nfO{ o;n] 36fp“5. v'§f / d]?b08 Pjd\ kfrg k|0ffnLnfO{ o; cf;gn] w]/} nfe lbG5. uef{j:yfdf of] cf;gsf] cEof;df b'j} ljlwnfO{ ;'?sf] #–$ dlxgf;Dd / ljlw -s_ nfO{ cj:yf x]/L kl5;Dd klg ug{ ;lsG5. dlxnfx¿sf] dfl;s ;|fj u8a8L tyf dlxnf÷k'?ifdf k]6df a9L af];f] nfu]df of] cf;gsf] cEof; u/]/ 36fpg ;lsG5.

>4f;g

ljlw M c/fd ug{sf] nflu cEof; ul/g] cf;gx¿dWo] of] klg Ps cf;g xf]. o;nfO{ 3f]K6f] ;'t]/ cEof; ul/G5. o;sf] cEof;sf lglDt 3f]K6f] ;'t]/ b'j} v'§fnfO{ Ps–8]9 lkm6 km/s kf/L v'§fsf] k~hfnfO{ bfof“–afof“ kmsf{O{ v'§fsf] leqL uf]lnuf“7f]n] e'O“df 5f]P/ v'§f÷hLp lzlyn kfg'{;\. t:jL/ g+= ^@ df h:t} u/L b'j} xft v'DRofO{, cufl8lt/ NofO{, To;} xftdfly lgwf/ 6]sfP/ cf“vf lrDng'k5{. cfkm"n] rfx]sf] ;do;Dd o;/L ;'t]/ ;Dk"0f{ z/L/ lzlyn /fVb} la:tf/} :jf; °]b}{ k"/f cf/fd lnO;s]kl5 p7\g'k5{. ;'lt/fVbf eg] dg Psfu| /fv]sf] x'g'k5{ / dgdf ;sf/fTds efjgf hfu[t u/fpg'k5{.

;fjwfgL M ue{jtLx¿n] uef{j:yfsf] #÷$ dlxgfkl5 3f]K6f] ;'tL o:tf] cf;g ug'{ 7Ls x'“b}g. o;/L g} a9L 5ftL b'Vbf w]/} a]/ of] cf;g ug'{x'“b}g.

nfe M of] cf;gsf] cEof;af6 aLraLrdf cf;gsf] qmddf x'g] ysfg d]l6G5 / cfgGb klg k|fKt x'G5. dfgl;s tgfj klg sd x'G5.

qmdzM

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