Jankari (Yuwamanch Monthly)

g]kfnsf oL b/af/ s;n] agfP <

nlntk'/sf] b/af/ M– lji0f' l;+x / k'/Gb/ l;+xsf] kfnfdf lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? eO{ nfndtL / l;lwg/ l;+xsf] kfnfdf k"/f ePsf] b/af/ g} nlntk'/sf] b/af/ xf] .

uf]/vf b/af/ M– o;sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/De 8Da/ zfx / rGb|¿k zfxsf] kfnfdf ePsf] lyof] . o;sf] la:tf/ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] kfnfdf eof] . of] b/af/ k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxsf] u2L 3/ lyof] .

lqk'/ b/af/ M– eQmk'/df dNn /fhfsf] kfnfdf agfOPsf] lqk'/ b/af/ clxn] nf]k e};s]sf] 5 .

g'jfsf]6 b/af/ M– k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxåf/f lj=;+= !*!( df agfOPsf] of] b/af/ & tn] /x]sf] 5 .

a;Gtk'/ b/af/M– o;sf] lgdf{0f klg >L % k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxåf/f lj=;+= !*@^ ;fndf ePsf] xf] . of] b/af/ gf} tNn] /x]sf] x'gfn] o;nfO{ gf} tNn] b/af/ elgG5 .

df8L b/af/ M– of] b/af/sf] lgdf{0fstf{ klg k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx g} x'g\ . of] b/af/ xfn eUgfjz]ifsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/M– o; /fhb/af/sf] lgdf{0f /0ff]åLk l;+xaf6 lj=;+= !(#^ ;fndf ePsf] xf] . xfn of] b/af/ u2Lgl;g >L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf] /fhsLo cfjf;sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . o; /fhb/af/df a:g] k|yd /fhf >L % k[YjL ljqmd zfx xf]OaS;GYof] .

yfkfynL b/af/M– >L # hËaxfb'/n] lgdf{0f u/fPsf o; b/af/df kl5 rGb| zDz]/sf dflxnf 5f]/f l;+x zDz]/ a:g yfn]kl5 o;sf] gfd l;+x dxn /xg uof] . xfn oxfF g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] a}ls+u sfof{no /x]sf] 5 .

nfnb/af/M– of] eJo b/af/ jL/ zDz]/n] lj=;+= !($& ;fndf lgdf{0f u/fPsf lyP .

hfjnfv]n b/af/M– of] b/af/ >L # jL/ zDz]/n] lj=;+= !($% df cfˆgf] efO o'4 zDz]/sf nflu agfPsf lyP . xfn oxfF g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg /x]sf] 5 .

xL/fk'/ b/af/ M– uf]bfj/Ldf cjl:yt of] b/af/ jL/ zDz]/n] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP .

l;+x b/af/ M– ejg lgdf{0fsf zf}lvg rGb| zDz]/ k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 cfˆgf] lgjf;sf] nflu Ol~hlgo/ s'df/ l;+x / lszf]/ l;+xsf] l8hfog / k|ToIf /]vb]vdf o'/f]k]nL z}nLdf lj=;+= !(%*÷!(^* sf] cjlwdf of] b/af/ agfOPsf] lyof] . %)) /f]kgL hUufdf cjl:yt of] b/af/df ( rf]s / !$)) sf]7fx¿ lyP . lj=;+= !(() sf] dxfe"sDkdf o;sf] s]xL efu Iflt ePsf]df o'4 zDz]/åf/f o;sf] k'gM lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . l;+x b/af/ g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k|zf;sLo ejgsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

tf]/0f b/af/M– of] b/af/ jL/ zDz]/n] lj=;+= !(%! ;fndf cfˆgf] 5f]/f OGb| zDz]/sf nflu lgdf{0f u/fPsf lyP . of] b/af/ gS;fndf cjl:yt 5 . xfn oxfF rfOlgh o'lg6 /x]sf] 5 .

6+ufn b/af/ M– o;sf] lgdf{0f eLd zDz]/n] lj=;+= !(%# ;fndf u/fPsf lyP . k|wfgdGqL ag]kl5 pgL oxfF a;]/ c¿ sf]7fx¿ yk] . xfn oxfF /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf] s]lGb|o sfof{no /x]sf] 5 .

sfnLdf6L b/af/M– of] b/af/ >L # h'4 zDz]/n] cfˆgf] /fgL kj{ s'df/Lsf nflu lj=;+= !((& ;fndf agfPsf x'g\ .

ljzfn gu/ b/af/ M– of] b/af/ eLd zDz]/n] cfˆgf] 5f]/f kb\d zDz]/sf nflu lj=;+= !((@ ;fndf agfPsf lyP .

kfNkfsf] b/af/M– kfNkf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd tfg;]gdf cjl:yt of] b/af/sf] lgdf{0f ?b| zDz]/åf/f ePsf] xf] . xfn oxfF kfNkf lhNnf :t/Lo ljleGg sfof{nox¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

—;+sns M ef]u]Gb| s0f{ …/dghLÚ

g]kfndf oL k|l;4 5g\

3f6 – krnL3f6, sfndf]rg 3f6, /fh]Zj/L 3f6, cfo{ 3f6, ;"o{ 3f6, u'X]Zj/L 3f6, z+vd"n 3f6, k~rfogL 3f6 .

jf/fxL – ah|jf/fxL, w'djf/fxL, 3gtn] jf/fxL, gLn jf/fxL

gf/fo0f – rfFu' gf/fo0f, ljz+v' gf/fo0f, lzvf gf/fo0f, Or+u' gf/fo0f, gLns+7 gf/fo0f afns+7 gf/fo0f .

ljgfos – czf]s ljgfos, hn ljgfos, ;"o{ ljgfos, rGb| ljgfos, sfo{ ljgfos .

eujtL – zf]ef eujtL, gS;fn eujtL, 7}+6L eujtL, knf~rf]s eujtL, g'jfsf]6 eujtL .

gfy – cflbgfy, nf]sgfy, dLggfy, dR5]Gb|gfy, kz'kltgfy, uf]/vgfy, bf]nfuL/L, sR5 kfrn, d[u]Gb| lzv/ .

sfnL – /QmsfnL, Zj]tsfnL, eb|sfnL, blIf0fsfnL, jgsfnL .

e}/j – sfn e}/j, a6's e}/j, afu e}/j, krnL e}/j, cfsfz e}/j .

O{Zj/L – lah]Zj/L, s+s]Zj/L, u'X]Zj/L .

b]jL – g/b]jL, r'gb]jL, jgb]jL .

;+sns M k/d]zk|;fb hf]zL

yfxf kfO/fv] /fd|f]
g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo If]q M s] slt <

s] slt

s]lGb|o c:ktfn %

c~rn c:ktfn !!

lhNnf c:ktfn &$

cGo c:ktfn -;/sf/L_ &^

k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| !@)

:jf:Yo rf}sL &#^

pk :jf:Yo rf}sL #!*&

ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt #(!#

gu/kflnsf %*

lrlsT;sx¿ *&$

g;{x¿ #*$%

hg;+Vof If]qM s] slt <

s] slt

s'n hg;+Vof !,*$,(!,)(&

k'?if (@,@),(&$

dlxnf (@,&),!@#

hg;+Vof j[l4 b/ @=!Ü

hg3gTj !@^ k|lt ju{ ls=dL=

cg'dflgt cfo' %$=^ jif{

&% jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vof )=(#Ü

!% b]lv &$ jif{;Ddsf] hg;+Vof %*=&&Ü

% b]lv !$ jif{;Ddsf] hg;+Vof @%=#^Ü

) b]lv $ jif{;Ddsf] hg;+Vof !$=(#Ü

pd]z bfxfn …lgbf]{ifÚ

oL cf}ifwL xflgsf/s klg x'g ;S5g\

xfdL b}lgs hLjgdf ljleGg lsl;dsf cf}ifwLx¿ k|of]u ub{5f}+ . h;dWo] sltko cf}ifwLx¿ lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx lagf g} vfg] u5f}{+ . l;6fdf]n, a'|lkmg, Pl:k/Lg, cfO/g rSsL, SoflN;od rSsL tyf cGo le6fdLgx¿ xfdL k|foM ;fdfGo hfgsf/Ls} e/df cfkm"v;L k|of]u ub{5f}+ . o;/L k|of]u u/]sf cf}ifwLx¿sf] ;fdfGo kmfObfx¿sf] hfgsf/L t xfdLnfO{ x'G5 t/ oLg} cf}ifwLx¿sf] clws dfqf vfPdf x'g] a]kmfObfsf] af/]df sltkonfO{ yfxf gx'g klg ;S5 . xfdLn] cfkm" v';L vfPsf] cf}ifwLx¿sf] dfqf z/L/df a9L ePdf ljleGg /f]ux¿ nfUg] / hLjg ;d]t ;+s6df kg]{ x'g ;S5 . oxfF cfkm"v';L vfOg] cf}ifwLx¿ dWo] s]xLsf] ;fdfGo kmfObf tyf a9L dfqfdf ;]jg u/] plAhg] /f]u / ;d:ofx¿sf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

le6fldg …PÚ rSsL M le6fldg …PÚ b[li6 zlQm a9fpg], 5fnf / df+;k]zL :j:y / alnof] agfpg] tyf zf/Ll/s j[l4 Pj+ k|hgg :jf:YonfO{ d2t ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ tTj xf] . xfn} cfP/ g]kfndf le6fldg …PÚ sfo{qmdsf] gfpFdf o;sf] w]/} k|rf/ klg ul/Psf] 5 . t/ o;sf] clws ;]jgaf6 6fpsf] b'Vg], 5fnf v'Olng], skfn emg]{, cf]7 km'6\g], b[li6 bf]if x'g], jfsjfsL nfUg] / ef]s gnfUg] h:tf ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg x'g ;S5g\ . o;sf] ;fy} ue{jtL dlxnfn] of] le6fldg a9L vfPdf hGdg] aRrfdf ljleGg v/faL b]lvg ;S5 .

le6fldg …;LÚ rSsL M of] le6fldgn] xf8 Pj+ bfFtnfO{ :j:Yo / dha"t agfpg d2t ub{5 . /QmjflxgL g;fsf leQfx¿nfO{ dha"t agfpg'sf] ;fy} 3fp rfF8} lgsf] x'g] Ifdtf klg a9fpF5 . t/ of] le6fldg a9L ePdf ljz]if u/L lkN; h:tf vfg] ue{lg/f]ws rSsLx¿ vfO/x]sf dlxnfdf ue{ lg/f]wssf] k|efj sd u/fpg ;S5 / o:tf] cf}ifwL lar}df vfg 5f]8\bf lb;f nfUg] klg x'g ;S5 .

SoflN;od rSsLM xfd|f] z/L/df geO{ gx'g] tTjdf SoflN;od klg kb{5 . o;n] ljz]ifu/L xf8 / bfFtnfO{ dha"t agfpg d2t ub{5 . o;sf] ;fy} SoflN;od tTjn] /utnfO{ hDg glbO{ /Qm ;+rfngnfO{ ;'rf? agfpg d2t ub{5 / :gfo' k|0ffnL Pj+ df+;k]zLnfO{ ;';+rfng Pj+ ;+ul7t agfpg d2t k'¥ofpF5 . oL kmfObfx¿sf cfwf/df ljz]ifu/L s]6fs]6LnfO{ SoflN;od v'jfOG5 . t/ SoflN;odsf] dfqf a9L ePdf lgs} xflg klg x'g ;S5 . a9L dfqfdf SoflN;od ;]jg u/]df slAhot x'g], jfsjfsL nfUg], a9L ltvf{ nfUg], k]6 b'Vg], cfn:o k}bf x'g] h:tf ;d:of pTkGg x'G5g\ . cem o;n] lduf}{nfnfO{ ;d]t sfd gnfUg] agfpg ;S5 .

Pl:kl/g rSsL M lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx ljgf k|of]u ul/g] cf}ifwLdWo] Pl:kl/g k|d'v xf] . of] cf}ifwLn] d'6'sf /f]uLnfO{ ;d]t kmfObf ug]{ ljZjf; lnOG5 . ;fdfGotof ;fdfGo h/f] / b'vfO{ sd ug{ o;n] ;3fpF5 . s'g} …l/ofS;gÚ n] 5fnf kf]Ng] h:tf] ;d:ofnfO{ klg o;n] 36fpg ;S5 . t/ of] cf}ifwL ljz]ifu/L aRrfx¿nfO{ xflgsf/s ePsf]n] v'jfpg' x'Fb}g . Pl:kl/gsf] clws k|of]uaf6 a]nfa]nfdf sfgdf 306L alh/xg], 6fpsf] b'Vg], h/f] cfO/xg] / cfn:o a9\g] h:tf ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;S5 .

cfO/g rSsL M of] rSsLn] /Qm cNktfdf kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 eGg] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df of] rSsL ljz]ifu/L ue{jtL dlxnfx¿nfO{ v'jfOG5 . o;sf] cGo kmfObfx¿ /utdf /ftf] /Qmsf]lzsf a9fpg] / /utsf] dfWodaf6 kmf]S;f]b]lv k|fKt clS;hg z/L/sf ljleGg sf]zx¿;Dd k'¥ofpg d2t ug]{ cflb kb{5g\ . t/ of] nf}x tTjsf] dfqf z/L/df a9L ePdf jfsjfs nfUg], k]6 b'Vg], slAhot u/fpg] / sn]hf] tyf d'6'nfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg] h:tf ;d:of pTkGg x'g] ub{5 .

lh° M of] cf}ifwLn] zf/Ll/s j[l4nfO{ ;3fpF5 / of}g zlQmdf k|f}9tf NofpF5 . o:t} of] cf}ifwLn] 3fprf]6 rfFb} lgsf] u/fpg'sf ;fy} k|f]l6gnfO{ krfpg d2t ub{5 . o;sf] a9L k|of]uaf6 jfsjfsL nfUg], lbzf nfUg] / lduf}{nfnfO{ laufg]{ h:tf ;d:of k}bf x'G5g\ .

;+sng M c?0f rfln;]

s]xL zAbsf kl/eflifs 1fg

cfbz{jfbM– b]Vbf /fd|f] b]lvg] t/ Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ g;Sg] ljrf/ of l;4fGtnfO{ cfbz{jfb elgG5 . h:tf] …zf]ifs / zf]lift Ps} b]zsf bfh'efO x'g\ ldn]/ a:g' k5{ / k|ult ug'{k5{ Ú of] cfbz{jfbL s'/f eof] . x]bf{ /fd|f] b]lvg], ;'Gbf /fd|f] nfUg] t/ jf:tljs Jojxf/df ptfg{ g;lsg] zAbnfO{ cfbz{jfb elgG5 .

u0ftGqM– k'Vof}{nL pQ/flwsf/L / ;}lgs zf;g gePsf] hg lgjf{lrt /fi6«fWoIf ePsf] k"FhLjfbL zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ u0ftGq elgG5 eg] dhb"/ / >dhLlj ls;fgsf] ;+o'Qm zf;g sfod ePsf] Joj:yfnfO{ hgu0ftGq elgG5 .

gf]s/zfxL M– cfkm"eGbf dflysfnfO{ 9f]Sb} lx+8\g] / tnsfnfO{ nTofpFb} lx+8\g] of bdg ug]{nfO{ gf]s/zfx elgG5 . logLx¿df s'g} k|hftflGqs / k|ultzLn efjgf x'Fb}g . logLx¿ To;sf s§/ lj/f]wL x'G5g\ . logLx¿ ufpF, lhNnf tyf /fi6«b]lv cGt/f{li6«o :t/;Ddsf x'G5g\ .

bnfn k"FhLklt M– ljb]zL k"Flhklt ju{;Fu ;fF7ufF7 u/L pgLx¿sf] pBf]u / Jofkf/nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg] sfddf nflu sldzgaf6 gfkm sdfpg] k"FhLkltnfO{ bnfn k"FhLklt elgG5 . ljb]zL dfn;fdfg cfoft ug]{ 7]s]bf/ ag]sf g]kfnsf 7"nf 7"nf k"FhLkltx¿ bnfn k"FhLklt x'g\ .

gf]s/zfx k"FhLklt M– cfˆgf gftf, uf]tf, ;DaGw / dflyNnf cf]xbfsf zlQmsf] gfhfoh kmfObf p7fO{ pkxf/, 3';, gh/fgf, sf]6f / nfO;]G; laqmL h:tf e|i6rf/L t/Lsfaf6 k"FhL a6'Ng]nfO{ gf]s/zfx k"FhLklt elgG5 .

;+sng M gf/fo0f e§/fO{ …efj'sÚ

cg'kd em/gf

ljZjdf lr/kl/lrt k|fs[lts b[io ePsf] em/gf gfh]/ Go"of]s{ / Sofgf8fsf] aLrdf kg]{ gfh]/f gbLdfly cjl:yt 5 . k|ltldg]6 % nfv 6g kfgLsf] jxfp eP/ of] gfh]/f gbLdf v:g] u5{ . k|ltjif{ @ nfv ko{6sx¿ of] b[io c+lst em/gf x]g{ cfpg] u5{g\ . of] em/gf !)–@) xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] dflgG5 .

ljZjs} 7"nf] x]lnj;

;Lsf]/:sfO{ S-92A x]lnj; ;a}eGbf a9L ultdf k|lt306f !*) dfOnsf b/n] p8\g] x]lnj; xf] . of] ljZjs} x]lnsK6/ dWo] 7"nf] x]lnsK6/ klg dflgG5 . o;df !( hgf ofq'x¿ c6fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 .

tfkqmdnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ 38L

gofF k|ljlwåf/f hfkfgdf lgld{t ;fOsf] yld{s 38Ln] z/L/sf] tfkqmdnfO{ ljB'tLo zlQmdf kl/jt{g u/L rNg d2t k'¥ofpF5 . xfn hfkfgdf To:tf] lsl;dsf] 38Lsf] lbgfg'lbg dfu a9L/x]sf] 5 .

Go"of]s{sf] of] Jofkfl/s s]Gb|

cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{df cjl:yt Jofkf/ s]Gb| ljZjs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] Jofkf/ s]Gb| xf] . o;df @ j6f 6fj/x¿ !,#%) lkm6sf 5g\ . !!) tnfdf ePsf] o; s]Gb|df %) xhf/ sd{rf/Lx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . oxfF *) xhf/ hlt dflg;x¿ lbgk|ltlbg cfjthfjt ug]{ u5{g\ .

ljZjd} 7"nf / cUnf ¿v

/]8p8\;x¿ ljZjs} ;a}eGbf cUnf / k'/fgf ¿vx¿ ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ cd]l/sfsf] Soflnkmf]lg{ofb]lv blIf0fL cf]/fhg;Dd klg b]Vg ;lsG5 .

;+sns M P;= sf]O/fnf

g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof slxn] slt <

oxL c;f]h @% ut] ljZjsf] hg;+Vof ^ ca{ k'u]sf]n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 hg;+Vof sf]ifn] ^ ca{sf] ljZj lbj; dgfPsf] 5 . j;]gL{ ;/b/ gf} s/f]8 *) nfv dflg;sf nflu ufF;af;sf] ;d:of k/]sf] l:yltdf lbgfg'lbg j[l4 x'Fb} cfPsf] hg;+Vof j[l4b/ ;+;f/s} nflu r'gf}tL ;flat ePsf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ Pl;of, clk|msf, Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf d'n'sx¿ hg;+Vofsf] pRr rfkaf6 k|efljt ePsf 5g\ .

hg;+Vof j[l4b/df cu|:yfg /fVg] blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'n'sx¿df xfn a+unfb]zsf] hg;+Vof !! s/f]8 &( nfv $$ xhf/, e"6fgsf] !& nfv ^( xhf/, ef/tdf ($ s/f]8 &* nfv # xhf/, dflNbE; @ nfv %% xhf/, g]kfndf @ s/f]8 @# nfv, kfls:tfgdf !# s/f]8 *^ nfv &@ xhf/, >Ln+sfdf ! s/f]8 *% nfv %( xhf/ /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 .

lj=;+= !(^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ %^,#*,&$( hg;+Vof /x]sf]df To;kl5sf] !(&& / !(*& df hg;+Vofsf] l:ylt Go"g b]lvof] eg] tt\kZrft hg;+Vof j[l4b/ gf6sLo ¿kdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . xfn g]kfndf k|ltldg]6 Ps afnssf] hGd x'G5 . olb oxL j[l4b/ sfod /x]df cfufdL !% jif{df g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof # s/f]8 @) nfv k'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

@)#* b]lv )$* sf] bzsdf @=!) k|ltztn] hg;+Vof j[l4 ePsf] kfOG5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof j[l4b/ @=#& k|ltzt 5 . oxL cg'kftdf hg;+Vof j[l4b/ sfod /x]df lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ufF; af; skf;sf] ;d:of cem} ljs/fn aGg] k|i6 5 .

g]kfnsf] hg;+VofnfO{ pd]/ cg';f/ juL{s/0f ubf{ !$ jif{;Ddsf afns $!=@& k|ltzt, !% b]lv @$ jif{sf o'jfx¿ !(=!% k|ltzt, ^) jif{eGbf dflysf j[4fx¿ %=$(Ü, !% b]lv $( jif{sf dlxnf $&=(! k|ltzt /x]sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 hg;+Vof sf]ifn] u/]sf] 5 .

oxL cj:yf /x]df – eGgfn] hg;+Vof j[l4b/ sd x'g g;sL hgr]tgfdf j[l4 x'g g;s]df x/]s @( jif{df g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof bf]Aa/ x'g]5 . oxL l:ylt /x]df k|ltJolQm hdLgdf sdL x'g], u/LaL a9\g], vfB pTkfbgdf sdL x'g], lzIff :jf:Yosf] u'0f:t/df sdL cfpg], k|hgg :jf:Yo / kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;kmn ¿kdf ;Grfng gePdf !& s/f]8 &^ nfv a/fa/sf] ;|f]t cefj x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ ;dod} bL3{sflng kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/L /fli6«o cfo cfh{gsf] ;|f]t a9fpg' kg]{ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf u/L hgr]tgfdf j[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

– lvdfgGb cfrfo{

/utdf s] sf] dfqf a9L x'Fbf s] elgG5 <

dfgj z/L/sf] /utdf s'g} tTj jf kbfy{sf] dfqf cfjZostfeGbf a9L ePdf z/L/df k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng sfod x'Fb}g / dflg; /f]uL x'G5 . j}1flgsx¿n] o:tf] cj:yfnfO{ ljleGg gfd lbPsf 5g\ . oxfF s'g tTj a9L ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ s] elgG5 eGg] ;DaGwL hfgf}+ .

xfO8]«leof M– /utdf kfgLsf] dfqf a9L ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ xfO8]«leof elgG5 .

xfOk/SoflN;ldofM– olb /utdf SoflN;odsf] dfqf a9L eof] eg] To; cj:yfnfO{ xfOk/SoflN;ldof elgG5 .

xfOk/Snf]l/ldofM– To:t} olb /utdf Snf]l/gsf] dfqf a9L eof] eg] To; cj:yfnfO{ xfOk/Snf]l/ldof elgG5 .

xfOk/;fOy]ldofM– o;}u/L olb /utdf /ftf] /Stsf]ifsf] dfqf a9L x'g uof] eg] To; cj:yfnfO{ xfOk/;fOy]ldof elgG5 .

xfOk/Un]l;ldofM– o:t} /utdf Un'sf]hsf] dfqf a9L ePdf To;nfO{ xfOk/Un]l;ldof elgG5 .

xfOk/s]lnldofM– olb /utdf kf]6fl;odsf] dfqf a9L b]lvof] eg] To; cj:yfnfO{ xfOk/s]lnldof elgG5 .

xfOk/lnk]ldofM– o:t} /utdf lrNnf] kbfy{sf] dfqf a9L ePdf To;nfO{ xfOk/lnk]ldof elgG5 .

xfOk/g]6]«ldofM– To;}u/L /utdf ;f]l8odsf] dfqf a9L x'g] cj:yfnO{ xfOk/g]6]«ldof elgG5 .

xfOk/f]Sh]ldofM– /utdf cDnLo kbfy{sf] dfqf a9L ePsf] cj:yfsf] gfd xfOk/f]Sh]ldof xf] .

k|:t'ltM lrgfljqmd nfdf, cd[t ;fOG; Sof= 7d]n

w]/} u'0fsf] d"n xf] s]/f

s]/f cf}ifwLk"0f{ j:t' xf] . o;n] ubf{ xfdL s]/fnfO{ k"hfsf] ;fdfgdf klg k|of]u ub{5f}+ . j[x:kltsf] k"hf xf];\ jf u0f]zsf] s]/f clgjfo{ x'G5 . s]/fsf] kft klg rf]vf] cyf{t\ k"hf ug]{ kfqsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/G5 . t/ cfhsn xfdL s]/fsf] cf}ifwLo u'0fnfO{ la;{b} uO/x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL s]/f t vfG5f}+, t/ cf}ifwLsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ub}{gf}+ . To;}n] oxfF o;sf] u'0fnfO{ Ps gh/ lgofn]/ x]/f}+ .

– s]/f b}lgs ¿kdf vfgfn] z/L/df k"0f{ zlQm a9\5 .

– s]/fsf] h/fsf] /;df ld>L ld;fP/ lkpgfn] lxs lxs cfpg aGb x'G5 .

– cfpF lb;f ePsf] avtdf s]/f bxL;Fu vfgfn] kmfObf x'G5 .

– slAhot ePsf] a]nfdf b"w;Fu s]/f vfgfn] kmfObf u5{ .

– :jKgbf]ifdf ld>L;Fu s]/fsf] ;]jgn] kmfObf u5{ .

– b'O{j6f s]/f l3p;Fu laxfg a]n'sL vfgfn] k|b/ /f]unfO{ kmfObf u5{ .

– s]/fsf] kftsf] lv/ :j]t k|b/sf nflu nfebfos 5 .

– cDnlkQsf] /f]uLnfO{ s]/f ;'kfRo / kmfObfk"0f{ x'G5 .

– lb;f nfu]sf] a]nf s]/f vfgfn] lb;f /f]lsgdf d2t u5{ .

– s]/fsf] gofF kft cyf{t\ g/d / slnnf] kft hf] km'Ngdfq afFsL 5 To:tf] kftdf cfwf 56fs jf cfwf tf]nf lkm6\ls/L & bfgf hlt d/Lr Ps lunf; kfgLdf ldnfP/ ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] a]nf lknfpFbf kmfObf x'G5 .

– clDasf yfkf

n;'g To;} u'0fsf/L kmn dflgPsf] xf]Og

k|frLg o'udf /f]usf] k|lt/f]ws u'0fsf/L kmn dflgg] n;'gsf] pkof]lutf cfh ljZje/L g} km}ln;s]sf] 5 . o;sf] pkof]u sltko /f]ux¿df j/bfg ;flat x'g k'u]sf] s'/f tkfO{+ xfdL hf] sf]xL kl/lrt klg 5f}+ xf]nf . oxfF o;} n;'g ;DaGwL ljleGg dfGotf / u'0fsf/L kIfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lncf}+ .

n;'gnfO{ jg:kltljb\x¿ cflnod;6fO{g eGg] j}1flgs gfdn] k'sfg]{ ub{5g\ . o;sf] :jfb Psbd s8f x'G5 / uGw klg w]/} cfpF5 . ef/tLo k'/fgf] u|Gydf n;'gnfO{ k|fs[lts j/bfgsf] ¿kdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . n;'g k]6sf] jfo' jf egf} Uofl:6s /f]u lgsf] kfg{ cltg} dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . lbgsf] b'O{–rf/ kf]6L sfFrf] n;'g vfgfn] Uofl:6s lgsf] x'g] / Uofl:6sn] a9L g;tfpg] x'G5 . ;fy} :gfo' tGqdf of] g;fsf] /f]usf nflu klg Hofb} kmfObfhgs ePsf] dflgG5 .

o;sf] b}lgs ;]jgn] cg'xf/ rfp/L kg]{ /f]uaf6 klg 5'6sf/f kfOg] bL3{hLlj x'g] ljZjf; klg ul/G5 . w]/} ;do;Dd tfh} /lx/xg] Ifdtf o;df /x]sf] x'G5 . of] Ps lsl;dsf] t/sf/L h:t} xf] . c¿ t/sf/L Ps lbgd} j}nfpg], s'lxg] tyf lau|g] t/ n;'g dlxgf};Dd k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] x'G5 .

cfw'lgs cf}ifwL lj1fgsf ;+:yfks lxKkf] qm]6;n] ljz]if u/]/ x[bo/f]usf] pkrf/sf] nflu n;'g vfg' clt lxts/ x'g] ;Nnfx lbPsf 5g\ . k|frLg o'u ld>df lk/fld8 lgdf{0f ug]{ >ldsx¿ :jf:Yosf] Vofn u/]/ :jf:Yo 7Ls /fVgsf] nflu lbgx'F sfFrf] n;'g vfg] ub{y] . cd]l/sfdf cfpg] k|jf;L nufot oxfFsf dflg;x¿ n;'gnfO{ ljleGg cf}ifwL nufot ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] cf}ifwLsf] ¿kdf ;d]t k|of]u ub{y] .

O+UNof08sf hgtfn] ljkm/ /f]u nfu]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ v'§fdf n;'gsf] kf]6L afFw]/ em'08\ofO{ lbg] ub{y] . pgLx¿sf] dfGotfg';f/ ljkm/ lgjf/0f ug{ n;'gsf] 7"nf] u'0f 5 . cfh klg o'gfgsf ox'bLx¿ / rLgsf a"9fa"9Lx¿ cfˆgf] gflt–gfltgfx¿nfO{ /f]u gnfuf];\ / csf{sf] cfFvf gnfuf];\ eGg] ljZjf; /fv]/ n;'gsf] kf]6L vfg] Vjfpgsf ;fy} uf]hLdf lnP/ lx+8\g] ub{5g\ .

dxfg\ j}1flgs n'O{ kmf:r/n] ;g\ !*%* df n;'g ls6f0f' gf;s u'0f ePsf] j:t' xf] eGg] s'/f kQf nufPsf lyP . o; qmddf of}g /f]u la/fdLx¿sf nflu /f]u lgsf] kfg{ ;lsg] Ifdtf o;df /x]sf] j}1flgsx¿ atfpF5g\ .

n;'gn] k'?if u|GyL, :tg SofG;/ h:tf] /f]unfO{ 36fpg 7"nf] d2t k'U5 eGg] s'/f klg k/LIf0faf6 kQf nfu]sf] 5 . o;n] x[bo, vfgf lgNg] gln, dnåf/ / 5fnfsf] ca'{b /f]u a9\gaf6 klg arfpg] j}1flgsx¿sf] egfO{ 5 . csf]{tkm{ o;n] 8foPnfon, ;NkmfO{8, P;–Pnfon / l;l6SofG;/ h:tf] /f]u a9\gaf6 klg arfpF5 . o;nfO{ b"wdf ksfP/ vfFbf z/L/nfO{ lgs} k|f]l6g k|fKt x'g] ljz]if1x¿sf] /fo 5 .

g]kfnLsf] efG5fdf klg cfhef]ln bfn t/sf/L crf/sf] nflu n;'g ge} gx'g] rLhsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . t/ klg u'0fsf/L of] kmnsf af/]df hfgsf/L lnO{ w]/} /f]u lgjf/0f ug{af6 kmfObf lng tkfO{+ xfdL klg gr'sf}+ .

– lzjxl/ cof{n …j}/fuLÚ

ljZjs} s]xL 7"nf rLh

;a}eGbf 7"nf] lzj lnËM–ljZjs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lzjlnË blIf0f ef/tsf] sgf{6s /fHosf] sfdf;fG6\f ufpF glhs} sf]n/ uf]N8 kmN8df cjl:yt 5 . !)* lkm6 prfOsf] of] lzjlnË jl/kl/ cGo s}of}+ lzjlnËx¿ klg ljleGg cfsf/df /x]sf 5g\ . of] lzjlnËdf s}of}{ eQmhgx¿ :jb]z tyf ljb]zaf6 bz{gfyL{sf] nflu cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . of] lzjlnËnfO{ sf]6L lnË]Zj/ klg eGb5g\ .

;a}eGbf 7"nf] dxf;fu/M–k|zfGt dxf;fu/ ljZjs} ;a}eGbf ulx/f] dxf;fu/ xf] . k[YjLsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] ltg efudWo] Ps efu o;} If]qn] 9fs]sf] 5 . o;sf] ulx/fO{ cf};t ¿kdf $#)) dL6/ /x]sf] 5 . t/ s]xL 7fpFdf eg] !),(*) dL6/ ulx/fO{df klg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;n] Pl;of / ci6]«lnof x'Fb} pQ/ / blIf0f cd]l/sfnfO{ ;d]t 5'6\ofpF5 .

ljZjs} cUnf] 6fj/M– Go"lhNof08sf] cToGt} k|efjzfnL zx/ csNof08df cjl:yt ##) dL6/ cUnf] of] 6fj/ ljZjs} cUnf] 6fj/dWo] Ps dflgG5 . h;nfO{ :sfO 6fj/ klg elgG5 .

– dL/f ;'j]bL

b"w Ps M hfgsf/L cg]s

– lzz' hlGdPsf] !% lbg cfufl8 tyf % lbg k5fl8sf] :tgwf/L k|f0fL ePsf] :jefljs cj:yfsf] :jR5 >fjnfO{ b"w elgG5 .

– b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{sf] uGw, :jfb tyf ef}lts u'0fx¿df lrNnf] kbfy{ ˆof6n] k|efj kf5{ .

– b"wsf] ˆof6df x'g] %@ yl/sf ˆof6L cDnx¿ dWo] …Ao'l6l/sÚ cDn b"wdf afx]s cGo s'g} vfB j:t'df kfOFb}g .

– b"wsf] ;]tf] /+u …SoflN;od Sofl;g]6Ú n] ubf{ x'G5 .

– b"wsf] :jfb …NofS6f]hÚ n] ubf{ u'lnof] x'G5 .

– …NofS6f]hÚ b"wdf afx]s s'g} klg vfB kbfy{df gkfOg] sfaf]{xfO8]«6 xf] . To;}n] o;nfO{ ldNs ckm ;'u/ elgG5 .

– b"wsf] ˆof6sf] /+u …Sof/f]l6gÚ n] ubf{ x'G5 .

– :jR5, tfhf b"wsf] ;fdfGotof PH ^$–^^ x'G5 .

– ;fdfGotof ufO{sf] b"wdf #=%Ü ˆof6 / e};Lsf] b"wdf ^=%Ü ˆof6 x'G5 .

– lj=;+= @))( ;fndf g]kfnsf] klxnf] b'Uw k|zf]wg s]Gb| sfe]|knf~rf]s lhNnfdf :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .

– lj=;+= @)!# ;fndf n}grf}/df b'Uw k|zf]wg zfnfsf] :yfkgf eof] .

– lj=;+= @)@^ ;fndf b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] :yfkgf eof] .

– lj=;+= @)#% ;fndf x]6f}+8f b'Uw ljt/0f cfof]hgf :yfkgf e} k|lt306f tLg xhf/ ln= b"w k|zf]wg sfo{ z'? u¥of] .

– lj=;+= @)## ;fndf a'6jndf lghL :t/df £o" k|zf]wg sf/vfgf :yfkgf eof] .

– lj=;+= @)#& ;fndf n}grf}/df rLh pTkfbs tyf laqmL ljt/0f cfof]hgfsf] :yfkgf eof] .

– lj=;+= @)#& ;fndf kf]v/f b'Uw ljt/0f cfof]hgf z'? eO{ k|lt306f @))) ln= b"w k|zf]wg sfo{ k|f/De eof] .

– lj=;+= @)#* df b"w ;+sngsf] nflu lj/f6gu/df b"w pTkfbs ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf eof] .

– lj=;+= @)$* df /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; jf]8{sf] :yfkgf eof] .

– ufO{sf] b"waf6 agfOPsf] rLhnfO{ …sGrgÚ rLh elgG5 . o;sf] sf/vfgf Onfd / kfFr y/ b'O{ lhNnfdf 5g\ .

– e}+;Lsf] rLhnfO{ jkm rLh elgG5 . o;sf] Ps dfq sf/vfgf sfe]|knf~rf]s lhNnfdf kb{5 .

;+sns M nLnfgfy ;fksf]6f …Pg'S;Ú

aLg ahfpFbf ;k{ gfRg'sf] sf/0f cs}{ 5

;k]/fn] aLgf ahfPkl5 ;k{x¿n] 6fpsf] p7fP/ xNnfpg] gfRg] u/]sf] xfdL ;a}n] b]v]sf 5f}+ . t/ To;/L ;k{x¿n] 6fpsf] lsg xNnfpF5 eGg] s'/f] eg] w]/}nfO{ yfxf gx'g ;S5 . To;}n] oxfF o;} af/] hfgsf/L lbg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

;fdfGotof dflg;df ;k{x¿ aLg afhfsf] ;+uLt lk|o x'G5g\ eGg] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOG5 . pgLx¿ aLg ahfpgf;fy ;k{x¿ bf}8fbf}8L ub}{ cfP/ gfRg yfNb5g\ eGg] ub{5g\ . s}of}+ l;g]df lgdf{tfx¿n] klg lgs} a9fO{ r9fO{ u/L aLg ;+uLt / ;k{x¿nfO{ glhs Nofpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . cyf{t\ ;k{x¿nfO{ lgs} a9fO{ r9fO{ u/fO{ aLg ;+uLt;Fu cfa4 u/fpg] k|of; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . t/ j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ jf:tljs ¿kdf ;k{x¿sf] ;+uLt;Fu ;DaGw x'G5 eGg] s'/f] lgtfGt e|d / skf]nslNkt b]lvG5 . cyf{t\ o;df slQ klg ;Totf gePsf] s'/f] j}1flgs ¿kn] k'li6 e};s]sf] 5 .

j}1flgs cg';Gwfgaf6 kQf nfu] cg';f/ ;k{x¿sf] sfg g} x'Fb}g . h;sf] sfg} 5}g eg] p;n] ;+uLt ;'Gg] jf ;+uLtlk|o x'g] k|Zg} p7\b}g . afF; geO{ af;'/L aHb}g eGg] egfO{ TolQs} k|rlnt ePsf] 5}g . To;}n] ;+uLt ;'G5 jf zAb ;'Gg ;Sb5 . h;sf] sfg 5 . ;k{x¿ hGdhft alx/f] hLj t/ pgLx¿nfO{ sfg geP klg k|s[ltn] cgf}7f] ;'£g] zlQm lbPsf] 5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ lha|f]sf] dfWodaf6 ;'F3]/ b':dg jf ldqsf] uGw yfxf kfpF5g\ / efUg] jf lzsf/ ;dfpg] sfo{ ub{5g\ .

hxfF;Dd ;k]/fn] aLg ahfPkl5 ;k{x¿n] 6fpsf] p7fP/ gfRg] s'/fsf] ;jfn 5 – o;df ;k]/fsf] rnfsL afx]s csf]{ sf/0f 5}g . ;k]/fn] 6f]s/L vf]Nbf ;k{ 8/n] ;'lt/x]sf] x'G5 . p;n] aLg ahfpg z'? ubf{ klg Wofg lbP/ x]g]{ xf] eg] 6fpsf] p7fPsf] x'Fb}g . t/ ha ;k]/f ;k{nfO{ p7fpg k6s k6s p;sf] 6fpsf]df xftn] jf aLgn] 7'ª dfg]{ ub{5 ta dfq ;k{x¿ cfTd/Iffsf] nflu jf jf:tljstf af]wsf] nflu cfˆgf] :jefljs k|s[ltcg';f/ 6fpsf] p7fP/ lha|f] lgsfNg] ub{5 . dfly elgPcg';f/ ;k{sf g sfg x'G5 g ljsl;t gfs g} . To;}n] pgLx¿ lha|f] lgsfn]/ jt{dfg l:yltsf] af]w ub{5g\ . aLgaf6 hlt;'s} dw'/ ;+uLt lgsfn] klg p;n] aLgsf] 6'Kkf]n] ;k{nfO{ lxsf{pg] k|of; gug]{ xf] eg] ;k{x¿ 6fpsf] glxnfO 6f9f] agfP/ /fVb5g\ . t/ ha ;k]/fx¿ ;k{nfO{ ;lqmof kfg{ aLgsf] 6'Kkf]n] ;k{nfO{ 7'ª\g] ub{5 jf aLg xNnfpg yfNb5 ta dfq lha|f]sf] dfWodn] jf:tljstf af]w ub}{ pgLx¿ htf aLg hfG5 Tot}lt/ 6fpsf] xNnfpg] ub{5g\ .

k|:t'lt M k]|daxfb'/ k/fh'nL

hfgL /fvf}+

…lxdfnjf/L lxdfnkf/LÚ gfds uLltgf6ssf /rgfsf/ sljj/ dfwj l3ld/] x'g\ .

– dfG5]sf] z/L/df ;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL df;' Rofk'df x'g] …Masseter MuscleÚ xf] .

– cfˆgf] ¿k abn]/ zq'nfO{ 5Sofpg] df5f …kf]So'{kfOg lkm;Ú / …kkm/lkm;Ú xf] .

– g]kfndf lj=;+= !(&& df ;tL k|yfsf] cGTo ug]{ P]g agfP/ nfu" ul/of] . ;f] P]gdf ;tL hfg k]|/0ff lbg]nfO{ Hofg ;hfoF lbg] / ;tL hfg]sf] dnfdLdf hfg]nfO{ ;d]t ;hfoF lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] .

– g]kfndf lj=;+= !(() df P;=Pn=;L= af]8{sf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . o;}a]nfb]lv g]kfndf P;=Pn=;L= k/LIff ;+rfng x'g yfNof] . Tof] eGbf cl3 ef/tdf uP/ ;f] kl/Iff ;+rfng x'g yfNof] . Tof] eGbf cl3 ef/tdf uP/ ;f] k/LIff lbg'kYof]{ .

– ljZjdf ;a}eGbf klxn] ;"o{ u|x0fsf] eljiojf0fL ug]{ JolQm o'gfgL gu/ ldn}6\;sf j}1flgs y]lng lyP .

– ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf] lgjf{lrt dlxnf /fi6«fWoIf cfO;n}08sf /fi6«klt ljlU8; lkmgaf]uf8f]{l6/ x'g\ .

– lj=;+= !(!) df h+uaxfb'/n] cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ c+u]|hL lzIff lbg] p2]Zon] yfkfynL b/af/df b/af/ :s'n :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . kl5 /f0ff k|=d= /0ff]låksf] kfnfdf ;f] :s'nnfO{ /fgLkf]v/Ldf ;fl/Psf] lyof] .

– ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L d"Nosf] gf]6 cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo l/he{ a}+sn] lgsfn]sf] !),))) 8n/sf] gf]6 xf] .

– k[YjL uf]nf] 5 eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg] JolQm kfOyfuf]/; x'g\ .

– k|:t'tstf{ M ;'lgn kf]v/]n

s] tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 <

– ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k|foåLk c/asf] åLk xf] . o;sf] If]qkmn #@ nfv %) xhf/ ju{ lsnf] dL6/ 5 .

– ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] vf8L d]lS;sf] vf8L xf], h;sf] If]qkmn !% nfv $$ xhf/ ju{ lsnf]dL6/ 5 . o; vf8Lsf] t6/]vfsf] nDafO{ s]jn cGtl/If ˆnf]l/8fb]lv lnP/ Sofjf] Sof/f]rL d]lS;sf];Dd kfFr xhf/ lsnf]dL6/ 5 .

– ljZjsf ;a}eGbf nfdf] hn8d?dWo ;6jflng åLk / ?;sf] aLr ttf/:sL k|f]lno jf tf/tf/ hn8d?dWo xf], hf] hfkfgb]lv ;vflnG:sL hfnLj;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . s'n *)) ls=dL= nDafO ePsf] o; hn8d? dnsf hn8d?dWo eGbf s]xL 7"nf] 5 .

– ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] åLk u|LgNof08 xf] . h;sf] If]qkmn s/La @! nfv &% xhf/ ju{ lsnf]dL6/ 5 .

– ljZjsf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] åLk ;d"x O08f]g]lzof xf], h;df !# xhf/ åLk 5g\ .

– ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k7f/ ltAatLo k7f/ xf] . o;sf] clwstd nDafO{ rf/ xhf/ ()) dL6/ / s'n If]qkmn b'O{ nfv ju{ lsnf]dL6/ 5 .

– ljZjsf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k|jfn l:ylt pQ/ k"jL{ ci6]«lnofdf kg]{ SjL+;Nof08sf] u]|6 Jol/o/ xf] . h;sf] nDafO b'O{ xhf/ @& lsnf]dL6/ 5 .

– ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] k'n Go"l/e/ hh{ k'n xf] . j]:6 elh{lgof cd]l/sfdf kg]{ o; k'nsf] nDafO %!* dL6/ 5 .

– ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] hnk|kft e]g]h'onfdf kg]{ sl/cf] gbLsf] Ps zfvfdf 5 . ;fN6f] P]Ghn gfds o; hnk|kftsf] prfO (&( dL6/ 5 .

– k[YjLdf dflg;sf] pTklQ cfheGbf %% xhf/ jif{ k"j{ ePsf] cg'dfg 5 .

– ljZjsf ;j{k|yd blIf0f w'|jdf k'Ug] dflg; gj]{sf gfljs /f]gfN8 Pd08;g x'g\, pgL ;g\ !(!! df blIf0fL w'|jdf k'u]sf lyP .

– g]kfn ef/tdf w"dwfdl;t dgfOg] xf]nL kj{ ;+;f/sf] k|foM ;a} b]zdf ljleGg gfd / ¿kn] dgfpg] ul/G5 .

– d]lS;sf]sf] l66Nk]s gfds ufpFdf a:g] ;a} dflg; cGwf 5g\ .

– ef/ts]f u'h/ft k|fGt lgjf;L gfgjfO{ d]wfgLsf] 3/df kflnPsL Pp6L afv|Ln] nuftf/ !@ jif{;Dd b"w lbP/ ljZj sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sL 5] .

– Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] ;d'b| t6sf] glhs ljBdfg /]8a'8sf] j[IfnfO{ ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ¿v dflgG5 .

– a'w u|x ;a}eGbf tLa| ultsf] u|x dflgG5 . o;sf] ult k|lt306f Ps nfv ;ftxhf/ #) dL6/ 5 .

– ?;L cGtl/If ofqLnfO{ sf:df]gf6 elgG5 .

– hd{gLdf ;"rLsf/sf] o:tf] bf]sfg vf]lnPsf] 5, hxfF ;"rLsf/sf] sfd sDKo'6/n] ub{5 .

– cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]ifn] jfO6's] ;d:ofaf6 k|efljt ePsf] b]znfO{ ljz]if C0f pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 5 . o;sf] p2]Zo cGt/f{li6«o C0f e'QmfgLdf cfpg] d'l:snnfO{ x6fpg] /x]sf] 5 .

– OGb| wg'if b]Vgsf] nflu ;"o{ laDa k5fl8 x'g'kb{5 .

– kIfLx¿sf] cWoog ul/g] lj1fgnfO{ cf/u{yf]nf]hL elgG5 .

– @% cf}+ cf]nlDks v]ndf efu lng] df]gfsf]sf] l6ddf b'O{ hgf dfq v]nf8L lyP .

– Go"of]s{ lgjf;LnfO{ of+sL elgG5 .

– k"0f{ ¿kn] gUg eP/ ;fj{hlgs :yndf bf}l8g'nfO{ l:6ls+u elgG5 .

– lkm;jLgfds v]ndf @) ;]=dL= sf] Ps uf]nf cfsfzlt/ ˆofFlsG5 . h;nfO{ v]nf8Ln] tnlt/ emb}{ cfpg] qmddf ;dfpg ;Sg' kb{5 .

k|:t'lt M :ofdk|;fb clwsf/L

:qL–k'?if Ps csf{;Fu s;/L cfslif{t x'G5g\ <

k|frLg o'ub]lv g} k]|dnfO{ sNkgf, /x:o, ;f}Gbo{, efjgf, ;+j]u cflb zAbx¿;Fu hf]8]sf] kfOG5 . af}lws JolQmx¿n] o;nfO{ Pp6f u"b /x:o ;Dem]/ o;sf] cWoog clg ljZn]if0faf6 6f9f /xGy] . t/ cfh of] k]|d eGg] zAbn] ;a}sf] x[bo kl/jt{g u/L lbPsf] 5 . j}1flgsx¿n] o; ljifodf w]/} cg';Gwfg u/]sf 5g\ . clg Pp6f tYo klg kfPsf 5g\ . h'g Pp6f sfNklgs ;+j]ufTds k|lqmof dfq geP/ z'4 ¿ksf] h}ljs k|lqmof xf] eGg] dfgj z/L/df s'g} Pp6f o:tf] /;fog -kbfy{_ tTj 5 h;n] ;lqmo x'Fbf k]|d cfkm\;] cfkm x'g yfN5 . oxfF o;} af/] rrf{ u/f}+ .

cg';Gwfgaf6 yfxf kfOP cg';f/ k]|d Pp6f z'4 ¿kdf zf/Ll/s lqmof–k|lqmof xf] . x/]s :qL–k'?ifsf] dl:tisdf pkl:yt ePsf] /;fog ;lqmotfn] pgLx¿df k]|dsf] efjgf ;lqmo agfpg] ub{5 . clg o; efjgf hfu[t x'Fbf pgLx¿sf] dgdf ePsf] OR5fn] cfkm"n] ?rfPsf] JolQm;Fu k]|dsf] ;DaGw /fVg] ub{5 .

j}1flgsx¿sf] egfO{ cg';f/ Pp6f ljz]if k|sf/sf] jf;gf cfs[lt clg JolQmTjsf] ljz]iftfx¿ g} :qL–k'?ifsf] dfemdf aGg uPsf] k]|dsf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] . o; cfsif{0fnfO{ dflg;sf] dl:tisn] hGdfPsf] x'G5 . cfsif{0fsf] kmn:j¿k Pp6f cs}{ /;fogn] k]|ddf l:y/tf k|bfg ub{5 .

xfd|f] dl:tis lkmgfOn OyfOn cdLg -P.I.A._ gfds Pp6f ljz]if k|sf/sf] /;fogn] ubf{ k|efljt eP/ cfsif{0fnfO{ hGdfPsf] x'G5 . PG8f]/ lkm+; gfd ePsf] of] /;fog Pp6f dfbs kbfy{ …clkmdÚ h:t} x'G5 . o;}sf] ;lqmo k|jfxn] cfsif{0fnfO{ k|]dsf] ¿k lbg] ub{5 . o:tf] k]|d s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ x]l//xFbf, :kz{ ubf{, clg 5]pdf a:gfn] pTkGg x'G5 . o; afx]s dl:tisdf ePsf] lko"if u|GyLn] cfS;L 6fFl;g gfds /;fognfO{ pTkGg u/fpF5 . o;n] z/L/nfO{ pQ]hgf k|bfg ub{5, h;n] ubf{ dflg;nfO{ cfgGbsf] cg'ej k|fKt x'g] ub{5 . clg o;/L la:tf/} la:tf/} k]|dsf] k|f/De x'G5 .

j}1flgssf] egfO{ cg';f/ :qL–k'?ifdf ePsf] cfsif{0f ug]{ j:t' leGb}leGb} k|sf/sf] x'G5 . lsgeg] k'?ifx¿ of}jg, ;f}Gbo{ b]v]/ :qLx¿dfly cfslif{t ePsf x'G5g\ . clg :qLx¿;Fu uDeL/ ePsf] k'?ifdfly cfslif{t x'G5g\ .

sfdsf] ;DaGwdf klg j}1flgsx¿n] cg';Gwfg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf cg';f/ :qLx¿sf] ck]Iffs[t k'?ifx¿ ;b}j sfd jf;gfdf x'g] x'G5g\ . :qLx¿sf] pQ]hgf nfdf] ;dosf] nflu x[bo clg ;dosf] ;fy;fy} ljlng eP/ klg hfG5 . To;} klg k]|d Pp6f o:tf] sf]dn j:t' xf] h;sf] cfsif{0fdf :qL–k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] cg'ej ePsf] x'G5 .

j}1flgsx¿sf] egfO{df k]|d ;DaGwL ;a} lqmofsnfksf] lhDd]jf/ /f;folgs b|Jo x'g\ . clg Pp6f /f]dfGrs s'/f s] 5 eg] :qLx¿df k'?ifsf] eGbf a];L dfqfdf k]|ddf x'g] ck]Iff ;fx;, w}o{ x'G5 . olb s'g} klg :qL–k'?ifdfly cfslif{t eOg eg] To; k'?ifn] p;sf] OR5f cjZo :jLsf/ ug'{ kb{5 / of] xf] k]|dsf] /f]dfGrs …/;fogÚ .

– uf]dtL