Atihasik Byaktitwa (Yuwamanch Monthly)

/ljG;g qm';f]sf hGdbftf 8]lgon l8kmf]

pkGof; ;flxTosf ;f]lvg kf7sx¿df /ljG;g qm';f] gk9\g] sd} xf]nfg\ . of] pkGof; c+u]|hL pkGof;x¿sf] k|f/lDes r/0fsf pkGof; dWo]sf] xf] . sfNklgs eP/ klg kf7snfO{ ;Tosf] cg'e"lt lbnfpg] of] pkGof; klZrdL ;+;f/df dfq xf]Og, ;flxTosf] kx'Fr ePsf] ljZjsf k|foM ;a} d'n'sdf cToflws k|l;4 ePsf] 5 .

Ps hgf hxfhLsf] ;fxl;s ofqfnfO{ ljifo j:t' t'NofP/ /lrPsf] of] pkGof;sf] z}nL / k|:t'lt cToGt /f]rs ePsfn] o;nfO{ ljZjsf k|foM ;a}h;f] kf7sn] cToGt k]|d;fy k9\5g\ . c¿ cfkm"nfO{ s'g} klg ¿kaf6 ;dfhdf kl/lrt u/fpg] rfxgf / hf]lvdk"0f{ lqmof snfkdf xf]lDdg vf]Hg] o'jfx¿sf] nflu t of] /f]rs dfq geP/ ljlzi7 k]|/0ffbfos klg 5 . To;}n] ljZjsf ;flxlTos¿kdf ljsl;t k|foM ;a}h;f] k|d'v efiffdf o;sf] cg'jfb ePsf] kfOG5 .

;fxl;s ofqfsf] ljifo j:t'nfO{ lnP/ /lrPsf] pkGof;sf n]vs a]nfotsf cª\u]|h kl/jf/df hlGdPsf 8]lgon l8kmf] x'g\ . pgL s]jn pkGof;sf/ dfq geP/ cfˆgf] ;dosf ljjfbf:kb /fhgLlts / wfld{s ljifo dfly s6' l6Kk0fL ug]{ kqsf/ klg lyP . pgsf o:tf l6Kk0fLx¿df cTolws ljjfbf:kb lgaGw …l8;]G6/Ú -wd{ dfly /fHosf] lgoGq0f x'g' x'Fb}g eGg] dt /fVg] k|f]6]:6]G6 ;d"xsf lqmlZrogx¿_ sf af/]df n]lvPsf] lgaGw lyof] . The Shortest way with Dessenters -l8;]G6/ lqmlZrogx¿;Fusf] Jojxf/df ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] af6f]_ k||:t't lgaGwdf pgn] Joª\UofTds kf/fdf logLx¿nfO{ d[To'b08 lbg'kg]{ s'/f k|:tfljt u/]sf lyP . t/ 6f]/L -csf{yl/ lqmlZrog ;d'bfo_ x¿n] o;nfO{ cfkm"k|ltsf] Joª\UofTds lj/f]wsf¿kdf lnP . pgLx¿n] g} l8;]G6/x¿sf] wfld{s dtnfO{ lj/f]w u/]sf lyP / l8;]G6/x¿nfO{ ;hfoF x'g' kg]{ dt /fVy] .

o; k|sf/n] l8kmf]n] 6f]/L / l8;]G6/ b'j}yl/ wfld{s ;d'bfonfO{ lr9\ofpg k'u] . o;}sf] kl/0ffddf pgn] d'2f v]Kg'sf ;fy} bl08t klg x'g'k¥of] . pgn] s]xL ;do h]ndf y'lgg' k¥of] . t/ kl5 6f]/Lx¿ pgsf] k|ltef / ;Lkaf6 k|efljt ePsfn] o;} ;d"xsf nflu kqklqsfdf n]vx¿ n]Vg d+h'/ u/]kl5 pgL h]n d'Qm eP . clg pgn] cvaf/x¿df 5b\d¿kn] n]Vg z'? u/] . o;/L n]Vtf pgn] cfˆgf] gfpmF …kmf]Ú nfO{ l8kmf]sf¿kdf n]Vg z'? u/] .

cvaf/x¿df n]Vg] qmddf l8kmf]n] !^(& O{= df …of]hgfdfly Pp6f lgaGwÚ (Essay on Project) n]v] . o; n]vdf pgn] tLgj6f k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf lyP – ltgdf ljlzi7x¿sf nflu Pp6f ;'wf/u[x lgdf{0f /fhdfu{x¿sf] ;'wf/ gf/L ju{sf nflu k|1fk|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ h:tf k|:tfj lyP .

o;/L pgn] ljleGg cvaf/x¿df n]vx¿ n]v]/ @% jif{ nueu hLljsf]kfh{g u/] . oL cvaf/x¿dWo] pgsf] cfˆg} cvaf/ …k|mfG;]nL Jofkf/sf] ;dLIffÚ eGg] klg lyof] . of] rf/ k[i7sf] cvaf/ ;ftfdf tLg k6s k|sflzt x'GYof] / of] sf] lx+u ;dy{s kq lyof] .

8]lgon l8kmf]nfO{ ljleGg kf6L{sf dflg;x¿n] ljleGg cvaf/df cfˆgf nflu n]vx¿ /fd|f] kfl/>lds lbP/ cg'alGwt u/]/ n]Vg nufpFy] . pgL o;/L Ps} kN6df 6f]/Lx¿sf nflu / lx+ux¿sf nflu klg 5b\d gfpFn] n]Vg] uy]{ . t/ pgsf] z'?df lx+ux¿;Fu ;xfg'e"lt lyof] . of] kf6L{ /fhfsf] b}jL clwsf/ / …a]nfot lqmlZrog rr{Ú l;4fGtsf] lj/f]wL lyof] . o;} kf6L{sf] dgdy ljb|f]xLdf ;+nUg x'Fbf Tof] ljb|f]x c;kmn ePsf]n] l8kmf] klg em08} kqmfp k/]sf lyP, t/ pgL efUg ;kmn eP . Toltv]/ pgL @% jif{sf lyP .

l8kmf]n] cfˆgf] ;du| hLjgsfndf rf/ ;oeGbf a9L k':ts / n]v lgaGwx¿sf] /rgf u/] . pgsf ;a} /rgfx¿df /laG;g qm';f] ;jf{lws k|l;4 eof] . of] pkGof; ;g\ !&!( df n]v]sf lyP eg] df]n ˆn]08;{ !&@@ df k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . To:t} csf]{ k':ts dxfdf/Lsf] jif{ af/] Pp6f axLvftf klg !&@@ d} k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . oL k':tsx¿sf] k|sfzg ubf{ pgL ^) jif{ gfl3;s]sf lyP .

l8kmf]n] cfˆgf syf pkGof;x¿ sfNklgs eP/ klg oyfy{ hLjgsf¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf syf pkGof; k9\bf kf7s sfNklgs syf pkGof; k9]sf] eGg] la;]{/ ToxfFsf kfq 36gf / ejgf;Fu Psfsf/ eP/ tL ;a cfkm}n] oyfy{df ef]u]s} cg'e"lt ;Fufln/x]sf x'G5g\ . oyf{t\ To;sf kfq rl/qx¿df cfkm"nfO{ cf/f]lkt u/]/ pgLx¿s} cg'e"lt ;FufNg k'U5g\ w]/}h;f] kf7ssf] s] c8\sn 5 eg] /ljG;g qm';f] eGg] kfq s'g} sfNklgs kfq geP/ 8]lgon l8kmf] cfkm} x'g\ / of] pgL cfkm}+åf/f ePsf] ;fxl;s ofqf syf xf] .

t/ o:tf] ljnIf0f k|ltefsf wgL cb\e't / ljZj ljVoft ;flxTosf /rgfsf/ 8]lgon l8kmf] s'g} ;h{s jf k|fl1s kl/jf/af6 cfPsf lyPgg\, pgL t Pshgf n08g lgjf;L au/]sf 5f]/fsf¿kdf hGd]sf lyP . pgsf] hGd O{:jL ;Dat\ !^^) df ePsf] lyof] . pgsf lktf h]D; kmf] au/]sf ;fy} d}gaQL agfpg] sfd klg uy]{ . o:tf] lgDg juL{o kl/jf/df hGd]/ klg 8]lgonn] cfˆgf] ljnIf0f d]3f / k|ltefsf ljZjdf 7"nf] Voflt sdfP . pgsf] d[To' O{=;+= !&#( ;fndf &( jif{sf] pd]/df eof], t/ kfly{j¿kdf pgL o; ;+;f/df g/x] klg cfˆgf cd/ /rgfx¿ vf; u/L /ljG;g qm';f] h:tf] s[ltsf dfWodaf6 nfvf}+ kf7ssf x[bodf cd/ 5g\ .

– /d]z ljsn

lzIffsf cd/Hof]lt afnfu'? if8fgGb

o; ;+;f/df ;do ;dodf o:tf d"w{Go JolQmTjx¿n] hGd ln+b} cfPsf 5g\ . hf] ;dfh / nf]s lxtsf nflu cfˆgf k"/f hLjg pT;u{ ug{ klg kl5 kb}{gg\ . o:t} JolQmTjdf afnfu'? if8fgGb klg kg'{ x'G5 . g]kfnsf] Hof]ltsf] gfdn] klg kl/lrt afnfu'? if8fgGbsf] cfˆgf k"/f hLjg b]zdf lzIffsf] ljsf;df ;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ . oxfF pg} >4]o u'? if8fgGbsf] af/]df s]xL hfgsf/L k|:t't 5 .

afnfu'? if8fgGbsf] hGd lj=;+= !*(@ df sf]zL c~rnsf] ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] lbª\unf ufpFdf ePsf] lyof] . afnfu'? if8fgGbnfO{ afna|Xdrf/L klg elgGYof] . pgsf] a'afsf] gfd nIdL gf/fo0f clwsf/L / cfdfsf] gfd ?lSd0fL b]jL lyof] . logL cfˆgf] a'afsf] d[To'kl5 hGd]sf] x'Fbf lognfO{ ue]{ 6'x'/f] elgGYof] . of] s'/fn] pgsf] lbdfudf gsf/fTds c;/ kf¥of] / oxL sf/0fn] pgn] cfˆgf] hLjge/ ljjfx u/]gg\ . To;}n] pgnfO{ afna|Xdrf/L elgG5 .

if8fgGbsf] rf/ efOsf ;fy} tLg alxgL klg lyP, h;nfO{ pgn] cfˆgf] cfdfsf] ;fy} 5f8]/ ljBf / 1fgsf vf]hLdf hgsk'/ uPsf lyP . ToxfF s]xL ljBfcfh{g u/]kl5 pgL agf/; uP . ToxfF pgn] ;+:s[tsf] cWoog u/] . ;+:s[tsf] cWoog kl5 pgL km]l/ g]kfn kmls{P . pgn] s]xL ;do kz'kltsf] h+undf / s]xL ;do krnL 3f6df tk:of klg u/]sf lyP . tk:ofs} avt pgnfO{ cfˆg} cfdfsf] ;Demgf cfof] . cfdfnfO{ e]6\gsf lglDt pgL lbª\unf kmls{P . ToxfF pgn] pgL kms]{sf] t];|f] lbg pgsL cfdf d[To' eof] . cfdfsf] lgwgkl5 pgn] ToxL+ a;f]af; ug]{ eg]/ 7fg] .

elgG5 pgn] u/]sf] tk:ofaf6 pgnfO{ lbJozlQm k|fKt lyof] . eljiosf] s'/f 7\ofSs} ldnfpg ;Sg] bLg b'MvLx¿nfO{ ufoqL dGqsf] ;xfotfn] k};f pTkGg u/L afF8by], yf]/} vfgfn] w]/} dflg;x¿nfO{ 6Gg c3fpg] kfb{y] . v/fp nufP/ c?0f h:tf] 7"nf] gbL t'?Gt} kf/ ug{ ;Sby] eGg] egfO{ klg pgsf] af/]df kfOG5 .

afnfu'? if8fgGbnfO{ lzIffsf bLk afNg] g]kfnsf] klxnf] JolQm dflgG5 . ha xfd|f] b]zdf lzIffsf] sdL lyof] ta pgn] lzIffsf] bLk afnL b]zsf x/]s afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pGgltsf] af6f] b]vfP . pgn] g]kfndf klxnf] k6s lj=;+= !(#@ ;fndf k|yd ;+:s[t ljBfnosf] :yfkgf u/] . of] ljBfnosf] :yfkgf pgn] s}nfz kxf8sf] glhs u/] . ToxfF pgn] …ge{b]Zj/ dxfb]jÚ gfds dlGb/sf] :yfkgf klg u/] . >L # /0ff]åLk l;+xåf/f :yflkt …sf7df8f}+ ;+:s[t kf7zfnfÚ eGbf b'O{ jif{ cl3 g} pgn] o; ;+:s[t ljBfno :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . To;}n] g]kfndf klxnf] ;+:s[t ljBfno vf]Ng] dflg;sf] >]o if8fgGbnfO{ g} hfG5 . pgn] 5fqfjf;, vfgf, n'uf, lstfa cflbx¿sf] Joj:yf klg nfu" u/]sf lyP . pgn] To; ljBfnodf a|fXd0f / If]qL 5fqx¿nfO{ dfq egf{ glnO{ ls/fFt 5fqx?nfO{ klg egf{ lnPsf lyP . pgn] b]jfno, k':tsfno, au}+rf, s'08 cflbsf] :yfkgf klg u/] . pgn] :jo+ ;+:s[t ljBfnodf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k9fP . To;}n] pgnfO{ afnfu'? if8fgGb elgG5 . To;kl5 pgn] To; ljBfnonfO{ To; kxf8L If]qaf6 x6fO{ cyf{t\ lbª\unf ufpFdf :yflkt u/] . of] sfo{ pgn] lj=;+= !(%^ df u/] . ToxfF pgn] ;Ltf/fd / zb]Zj/ dxfb]j h:tf dlGb/x¿sf] klg :yfkgf u/]sf lyP .

afnfu'? if8fgGbåf/f :yflkt ;+:s[t ljBfnon] clxn] klg …;+:s[t dfWoflds ljBfnoÚ sf] gfdn] ToxfFsf ufpFjf;Lx¿nfO{ lzIff lbO/x]sf] 5 . pgn] :yfkgf u/]sf dlGb/, s'08, k':tsfno cflbx¿ cem} 5g\ . o:tf ;dfh ;'wf/s, lzIff;]js, l;4of]uLsf] d[To' *! jif{sf] pd]/df lj=;+= !(&# df krnL 3f6df eof] .

–ho s'df/ lzjfnL