Atihasik Byaktitwa (Yuwamanch Monthly)

s] eG5g\ – krxQ/ jif]{ o'jf jf;' kf;f

æ;'g k'/fgf] x'Fb}g, nf]Ug] dfG5] a"9f] x'Fb}gÆ eGg' x'g] lr/kl/lrt n]vs jf;'b]j >]i7 cyf{t\ jf;' kf;f &% jif]{ pd]/df klg !^ jif]{ o'jfh:tf] sfd, s'/fdf ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 . o; pd]/df klg pxfFsf] of] hf]z / hfFu/nfO{ x]bf{ hf] sf]xLnfO{ nf]EofpF5 g} . em§ x]bf{ v/f] Jojxf/ b]lvP klg ufF7L s'/f af]Ng] nf]nf]kf]tf] ug{ ghfGg] / dfgdof{bfdf g/dfpg] kf;f w]/}sf lglDt k]|/0ffsf] kfq aGg ;Sg] c8sn ug{ ;lsG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd ljleGg ;]jfdf /x]/ w]/} cg'ej a6'Ng' ePsf kf;f /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs / g}lts cfr/0fut cg'ejsf hLjGt Oltxf; g} aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . sltko s'/fdf dflg; ePkl5 ulNt x'G5g\ eg] em}+ pxfFdf klg s]xL cju'0f xf]nfg\, h'g dfG5]sf] …dfG5]nfO{ x]g]{Ú cf–cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0fdf km/s kg{ ;S5 . t/ klg pxfFaf6 s]xL s'/f l;Sg, a'‰g ;s] To;af6 JolQm / ;dfhnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug ;S5 .

;fdfGo ¿kdf pd]/sf lx;fan] a"9f] dflgP klg dfG5] sd{n] a"9f] x'Fb}g eGg] egfO{ pxfFdf nfu" x'G5 . jf;' kf;f :jo+ …d a"9f] xf]Og o'js x'FÚ eGb} sd{df k|wfgtf lbg rfxg'x'G5 . cfkm" cem} klg o'js ePsf] / slxNo} a"9f] klg gx'g] b[9tf JoQm ub}{ a"9f] / o'jssf] ;DaGwdf kf;fsf] egfO{ 5 –æa"9f] ToxL dfG5] xf] hf] afa'–afh]sf] ;DklQdf cfl>t /xG5 . clg a"9f] ToxL xf] h;n] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] sdfO{ vfG5, a"9f] ToxL xf] h;n] :jf:gLsf] sdfO{df cfzf /fV5 clg a"9f] Tof] xf] hf] sd{k|lt hfu?s x'Fb}g .Æ t/ d cfkm" slxNo} klg o; k+lQmdf kl/g / cfˆg} kf}/vdf afFr] . cem} klg To;} cg'¿k sd{ ub}{5' . æsd{df ljZjf; ug]{ dfG5] slxNo} a"9f] x'Fb}g / sd{d} o'jsTj sfod x'g] ePsfn] d pd]/n] &% jif{sf] k'u] klg o'js x'F .Æ

cfkm" hxfF, h'g sfddf 5' To;df lg8/ eP/ ug]{ u/]sf] atfpg'x'g] jf;' kf;fn] ljleGg ljBfdf u/L b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L k':ts ljleGg 36gfqmdnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L n]Vg' ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlts ¿kdf s'g} s;}sf] dfG5] x'Fb}g eGg'x'g] jf;' kf;f n]vs s'g} kf6L{ ljz]ifsf] dfG5] x'g'x'Fb}g eGg] ;f]rdf cfkm" s'g} /fhgLlts kIfw/sf] dfG5] gePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5 –æ;xL s'/f af]Ng] n]vs g} ;du|df Pp6f /fi6« k]|dL gful/s xf] . To;}n] d o; s'/fdf ;bf c6n 5' / d/0ffGt;Dd o; s'/fsf] kfngf ug]{5' .

/fHo ;+rfngsf af/]df cfˆgf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df pxfF eGg'x'G5 –æJoj:yf v/fa gx'g], t/ zf;gdf rnfpg]x¿ g} of]Uo Ifdtfjfg, s'zn / /fi6« / /fli6«otfsf ;f]rsf] JolQmTj x'g'k5{ .Æ o; s'/fnfO{ JofVof ub}{ kf;f eGb} hfG5g\ –æuf}tda'4n] cfˆgf ;a} s'/f Tofu]/ aflx/L w/ftndf ple+O{ h'g cfbz{ b]vfP, To;} u/L zf;sx¿ klg 3/af/ Tofu]/ nfUg'k5{ . ;DklQ, kl/jf/ cflbsf] df]xdf nfUg' x'Fb}g . /fHo ;+rfng ug]{ dfG5] ;/sf/L Sjf6/df a;]/ ToxL+sf] dfgf] vfP/, kf6L{sf] gLlt cfbz{df a;]/ cfˆgf] 3/aflx/ a;L, 3/fo;L Jojxf/af6 6f9f /xL b]z lgdf{0fdf nfUg'k5{ . clg dfq /fHon] k|ultsf] af6f]nfO{ ;dfpg ;Sb5 . To;}n] b]z lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu /fli6«o cfjZostfnfO{ lrg]/ ;xL 9+uaf6 ;+rfng ug]{ sd{jL/ ;f]rsf dfG5] zf;gdf eP eg] dfq ;+ej 5 . ca o; b]zsf o'jfju{n] To:tf] zf;s aGg] Ifdtf /flv d'n'ssf] afu8f]/ ;dfNg tof/ x'g'k¥of] .

of] d'n'ssf] ;fFRr} ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] &% lhNnfdf &% j6f To:tf lg:jfyL{ cfbz{ Pj+ Ifdtfjfg\ /fhgLlts g]t[Tj lbg ;Sg], ;d:of lrg]/ ;dfwfgsf nflu cu|;/ eO/xg] zfx;L JolQm 5fg]/ lhDdf lbg ;s] d'n'sn] kfFr jif{d} sfFr'nL km]g{ ;S5 . h:tf] sxflng ;Sg] eGb} kf;f eG5g\ –æd]/f] cfh;Ddsf] k|zf;lgs Pj+ /fhgLlts cg'ejn] s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] of] d'n's To;} a"9f] x'g nfu]sf] 5 . cfh;Ddsf ;Qfl;g g]tfx¿sf] sd{ ljgfsf] a"9f] ;f]rn] ;dosf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ glrg]/ of] l:ylt NofPsf] xf] .Æ d'n's agfpg e|i6frf/sf] u'GhfO; /xg' x'Gg . s'zn g]t[Tjsf] s'/f 5Fb}5 . sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ j]tg gk'Ug', clwsf+z hgtf u/LaLdf ?dlng', sfd kf/bzL{ gx'g' cflb sf/0fn] e|i6frf/ x'g] ub{5 . o;y{ e|i6frf/ Tolts} x6\b}g . o;sf] nflu sd{rf/L nufot ;a}nfO{ vfg nfpg k'Ug] u/L /fHon] cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . lsgsL ef]sf] k]6n] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g / /fd|f] lrGtg x'g ;Sb}g . …k]6e/L vfP/ b]ze/L sfd u/Ú eGg] Joj:yf x'g'k¥of] . vfnL k]6n] d'n'ssf] /fli6«otf klg arfpg ;ls+b}g . o;y{ e|i6frf/ lgd"{n kfg{ :jR5 k|zf;gsf nflu Ps To:tf] zlQm ;DkGg -s;}n] x:tIf]k ug{ g;Sg]_ / ;a}nfO{ lgoGq0f / sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg] pRr :t/sf] cfof]usf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .

hn ;'wf/ cfof]df ;]jf k|j]z u/L zfxL s/ cfof]u, zfxL e"ld;'wf/ cfof]u, e"ld ;'wf/ clwsf/L, ;xfos c+rnflwz cflb h:tf ljleGg k|zf;lgs kbdf a;]/ cg'ej a6'Ng ePsf kf;f @)!) ;fndf ;f+;b kbdf ;d]t dgf]lgt eO{ sfd ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f+;b x'Fbf 5'jf5't lj?4sf] k|:tfj NofP/ kf; klg u/fPsf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] .

snd rnfpg l;kfn' kf;f lkmlnªf], s'Dnf], sf]s\NofF6f], ls;fg xf], ;dfh, kms]{/ x]bf{, xTsDk n]vs s:tf] aGg'kb{5 < hLjg nFk'O{ Tjfy nufotsf sljtf, lgaGw, gf6s, pkGof;, ;+:d/0f, Oltxf; cflb ljBfdf @$ j6f hlt s[lt tkfO{+ xfdLnfO{ lbO;Sg' ePsf] 5 eg] pxfFsf k|tfk dNn / e}/j l;+x h:tf s[lt k|sfzf]Gd'v cj:yfdf 5g\ . ;'k|jn uf]/vf blIf0fafx', k|jn uf]/vf blIf0fafx', afnrGb| k'/:sf/, z'e/fHofleif]s kbs, hfg kbs, k|hftGq ;]gfgL cflb ljleGg dfg kbs k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt >L jf;' kf;f ljb]z e|d0fsf qmddf ef/t;Dd dfq k'Ug' ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 .

rfkmn, sLlt{k'/l:yt sf7df8f}+df lktf l;l4axfb'/ >]i7 / dftf /Tgdfof >]i7sf] ue{af6 lj=;+= !(*@ df pxfF hGdg' ePsf] / @)!) ;fndf hd'gfb]jL;Fu j}jflxs aGwgdf afFlwg' ePsf] lyof] . dfG5] eP/ dfG5] aGg / p;n] ;f]r] adf]lhd sfd ug{ Pp6f xftdf ;/:jtL / csf]{ xftdf nIdL x'g'k5{ eGg'x'g] jf;' kf;f o'jfkL+l9sf nflu eujfg\ eg]sf] 9'ªfsf] d"lt{ xf]Og o'jfzlQm / p;sf] ;xL ljj]s xf] . b'Mv k¥of] eGb}df cfˆgf] cl:yTj d]l6g] lbzftkm{ gnflu /fi6« lgdf{0fdf lg8/ eP/ nfUg' kb{5, gq p;sf] o'jskgf lg/y{s x'G5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg'x'G5 .

– xl/k|;fb

k|frLg Oltxf;sf g]kfnL /fhf

uf]kfn j+zL/fhfM g]kfnsf] Oltxf; cg';f/ g]kfndf ;j{k|yd uf]kfn j+zL /fhfx¿n] /fHo u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Tolta]nf pgLx¿sf] /fhwfgL dftf tLy{ lyof] . uf]kfn j+zL /fhfx¿sf] gfd lgDgfg';f/ 5 .

e'Qmdfg, ho u'Kt, k/d u'Kt, xif{ u'Kt, eLd u'Kt, dl0f u'Kt, lji0f' u'Kt, oIf u'Kt

clx/ j+zL/fhf M oIf u'Kt lg;Gtfg eO d/]sf x'Fbf To;kl5 ef/taf6 NofOPsf clx/ j+zsf /fhfn] g]kfndf /fHo u/], h'g o; k|sf/ 5g\ – j/ l;+x, hodlt l;+x, e'jg l;+x .

ls/ft j+zL/fhf M o;kl5 k"j{tkm{af6 cfPsf ls/ft j+zsf /fhfx¿n] e'jg l;+xnfO{ x/fP/ /fHo ug{ yfn] . oL /fhfsf /fhwfgL uf]s0f{df /x]sf] lyof], h;sf] gfdfjnL o; k|sf/ 5g\ – onDa/, klj, :sGw/, jnDj, x[lt, x'dlt, lht]bfl:t, uln, k'is, ;'d{o, kj{, y'ª\s, :jgGb, :y'sf], lul3|, gg], n's, yf]/, yf]sf], jd{, u'h, k'is/, s];', ;'G;, ;Dd', u'0ft, lvDa', k6's / ufl:t .

;f]d j+zL/fhf M clGtd ls+/ftL /fhf ufl:tn] ;f]d j+zLaf6 xf/ vfPkl5 g]kfndf ;f]d j+zL /fhfx¿n] /fHo ug{ yfn] . h;sf] gfd o; k|sf/ 5 – lgldif, dgfIf, -/fO6sf cg';f/ dtfIf_, sfs jdf{, kz'k|]Ifb]j / efis/ jdf{ .

;"o{ j+zL/fhfM– efis/ jdf{ lg:Gtfg ePsfn] logn] ;"o{ j+zsf e"ld jdf{nfO{ cfˆgf] wd{k'q agfP . To;kl5 ;"o{ j+zL /fhfx¿sf] zf;g rNof] . e"ld jdf{, rGb| jdf{, ho jdf{, jif{ jdf{, ;j{ jdf{,k[YjL jdf{, Ho]i7 jdf{, xl/ jdf{, s'j]/ jdf{, l;l4jdf{, xl/bQ jdf{ j;'bQ jdf{, klt jdf{, lzjj[l4 jdf{, j;Gt jdf{, lzjj/ jdf{, ?b|b]j jdf{, j[ifb]j jdf{, z+s/b]j jdf{, wd{b]j jdf{, dfgb]j jdf{, dxLb]j jdf{, j;Gtb]j jdf{, pbob]j jdf{, dfgb]j jdf{, u'0fsfdb]j jdf{, lzjb]j jdf{, g/]Gb|b]j jdf{, eLdb]j jdf{, lji0f'b]j jdf{ / ljZjb]j jdf{ .

/fhf ljZjb]j jdf{sf 5f]/f gePsf sf/0faf6 logn] cfˆgL Psdfq 5f]/L 7s'/L j+zsf c+z' jdf{nfO{ lbPsf sf/0f pg}sf HjfO{+sf ¿kdf /fhf c+z' jdf{n] g]kfndf /fHo u/] To;kl5 g]kfndf 7s'/L j+zsf /fhfx¿sf] /fHo ;+rfng z'? ePsf] kfOG5 .

;+sng M df]xgs'df/ l3ld/]