jftfj/0f k|b"if0f /f]Sg x]Nr]qm\ofO{+ gu/f}+

xfn;Dd dflg;n] hlt ;d:ofx¿nfO{ hGd lbPsf 5g\ To;df ;a}eGbf k|d'v ;d:of jftfj/0f k|b"if0fnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . jftfj/0fdf WjgL, jfo', hn / e"ld rf/ tx 5g\ . oL rf/} txnfO{ dflg;n] k|b"lift agfPsf] 5 . oxfF o;}af/] hfgf}+ .

Wjlg k|b"if0fM– s/La *) jif{ cl3 gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tf j}1flgs /a6{ sfrn] eg]sf lyP rfF8} g} Ps lbg o:tf] cfpg] 5 h'g dflg;n] ;a}eGbf v/fa zq' Wjlg k|b"if0fsf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ 5 . geGb} ca Tof] lbg cfO;s]sf] 5 . jftfj/0f k|b"if0fx¿df Wjlg k|b"if0f klg k|d'v xf] . cfh ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«x¿ o; ;d:ofaf6 lbSs ePsf 5g\ . Wjlg k|b"if0f Pp6f ljiffn' /;fogeGbf klg a9L 3fts 5 . ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] :jf:Yo ;'/Iffsf] b[li6n] Wjlg tLa|tfsf] dfkb08 lgwf{l/t u/]sf] 5 . o; cg';f/ lbgdf Wjlgsf] tLj|tf %% 8]l;an tyf /ftLdf $% 8]l;an x'g'kb{5 . o;eGbf a9L Wjlg cToGt 3fts x'G5 . Wjlg k|b"if0fsf] s'k|efj s]an alx/f]kgdf dfq ;Lldt 5}g . a? o;n] 56k6L dfgl;s tgfa lr9lr9fkg cflb klg k}bf ub{5 . o;af6 /Qmrfkdf sf]n:6«f]nsf] dfqf a9\g] ;Defjgfsf ;fy} x[bo / kfrg oGqdf klg o;sf] s'k|efj kb{5 .

jfo' k|b"if0f M– jftfj/0fdf hlt k|sf/sf UofF;x¿ 5g\ tL ;a}sf] Pp6f lglZrt dfqf tyf cg'kft 5 . t/ b"lift tTjsf] k|j]zn] ubf{ To;sf] cg'kftdf c;Gt'ng cfpF5 . of] ;a} ;hLj / hLjwf/Lx¿sf nflu 3fts x'g] ub{5 . oL b"lift tTjx¿ x'g sfa{gsf] s0f, w'jfF, vlgh s0f cflb . ;Nkm/8fOcS;fO8, sfa{g8fOcS;fO8, sfa{g df]gf]cS;fO8, gfO6«f]hg cS;fO8, cf]hg] UofF; cflb . b"lift jfo' ;]jg ugf{n] bd, vf]sL, 5ftLsf] /f]u, 5fnfsf] /f]u tyf cGo Zjf;–k|Zjf; ;DaGwL /f]u nfUb5 .

ljZjdf clxn] vlgh OGwgx¿nfO{ afNbf pTkGg x'g] sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 UofF;sf] jflif{s kl/0ffd &)) s/f]8 6g;Dd k'lu;s]sf] 5 / olb o;}u/L a9\b} /Xof] eg] u|Lg xfp; k|efjsf sf/0f w/tLsf] cf};t tfkqmd b'O{ l8u|L ;]lN;o;;Dd a9]/ hfg] ;Defjgf 5 .

u|Lg xfp; k|efjM– ;"o{sf] ls/0fx¿ ha w/tLsf] jftfj/0fdf k|j]z ub{5, To;a]nf sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 UofF;n] kf/bzL{ ;L;f -sfFr_ h:t} cj/f]w ug]{ sfd ub{5 . o; UofF;n] ;"o{ ls/0faf6 hdLg;Dd k'Ug] tfknfO{ s]xL xb;Dd cfkm}df s}b ub{5 . o;nfO{ g} k|fs[lts u|Lg xfp; k|efj elgG5 . olb UofF;x¿sf] ;+Vof / dfqf a9L g} /Xof] eg] k[YjLdf tfk a9\b} hfG5 . o; a9\bf] tfkn] w'|j k|b]zsf] a/km kUng yfNb5 . h'g xfn eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k ;d'b|sf] hn ;tx !=$ b]lv @=@ dL6/ dfly p7\g] 5 / ;d'b|sf] 5]p–5fpsf] efu ;d'b|df 8'Ag] 5 .

hn k|b"if0fM– kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t s'jf tnfp / gbLx¿ x'g\ / xfjf kl5 kfgL g} csf]{ 7"nf] cfjZostf Pj+ ckl/xfo{ kbfy{ xf] . xfn ljleGg sf/0fn] hn klg k|b"lift x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o;af6 k]lr;, hl08; x}hf, 6fOkmfO8 / k]6;Fu ;DalGwt /f]ux¿ pTkGg x'G5 . hn k|b"if0fsf b'O{ sf/0f 5g\ M– k|fs[lts / ck|fs[lts .

k|fs[ltsM– k|fs[lts cz'l4x¿ ljleGg nj0fx¿ h:t} ;f]l8od, kf]6fl;od, SoflN;od, DofUg]l;od, afjf]{g]6 / afof]sfjf]{g]6 tyf ;Nkm]6 cflb af6 x'G5 .

ck|fs[lts M ck|fs[lts cz'l4x¿ h:t} dnd"q, zj, sn sf/vfgfx¿af6 lgl:sPsf kbfy{, 5fnf k|zf]wgzfnf, sfuh pBf]u, l8l:6n/L, /a/ pBf]u / t]n k|zf]wg sf/vfgfx¿åf/f ljleGg gbLx¿sf] hn k|b"lift ePsf 5g\ .

e"ld M– jg h+unsf] s6fg / cTolws dfqfdf /f;folgs cf}ifwL / dn v]tx¿df k|of]u ugf{n] e"ld pj{/f zlQm ;dfKt x'Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . a9\bf] hg;+Vofn] ubf{ pAhfp hUufdf 3/ agfOb}5 . jg h+un 3gf /xgfn] / hUufnfO{ gbLåf/f s6fg ugf{n] e"ldsf] If]qkmndf sdL cfpFb}5 .

– cfrfo{ >L w'|j

jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu ePsf k|of; M s] slxn] <

k[YjL lzv/ ;Dd]ng M ;g\ !((@ sf] h"g -#–!$_ df a|flhnsf] l/of] b h]g]l/of]df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo jftfj/0f / ljsf; ;DaGwL k[YjL lzv/ ;Dd]ng ePsf] lyof] . ljZjsf !&* b]zsf #%)) k|ltlglw, &)) /fi6«;+3Lo clwsf/L tyf ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] pQm k[YjL lzv/ ;Dd]ngn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;DaGwL *)) k[i7 nfdf] Ph]08f–@! gfds sfo{of]hgf kfl/t u¥of] . ;f] ;Dd]ngdf h}ljs ljljwtf / xl/t u[x k|efj ;DaGwL dxf;GwLdf klg x:tfIf/ eof] . ;fy} ;Dd]ngn] ;f] sfo{of]hgfnfO{ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL;Dd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;a} /fi6«x¿nfO{ cfXjfg u¥of] . o; sfo{of]hgfdf ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zsf] bLuf] ljsf; tyf ltgLx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u, u/LaL lgjf/0f, bLuf] dfgj j:tLsf] k|j4{g, jfo'd08nsf] ;'/Iff, pmhf{ lgdf{0fdf kl/jt{g, e";|f]t k|of]usf nflu PsLs[t cjwf/0ff, d?e"lds/0fnfO{ /f]Sg], h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ lbuf]kgf lbg] ;Gt'lnt jftfj/0f, ;fd'bflos ;|f]tnfO{ ;+/If0f, jftfj/0fLo r]tgfdf j[l4 cflb a'Fbfx¿ pQm sfo{of]hgfdf /x]sf 5g\ .

xl/t u[x k|efj ;DaGwL lzv/ a}7s M xl/t u[x k|efj -df};d kl/jt{g_ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo dxf;GwL;Fu ;DalGwt /fi6«x¿sf] lzv/ a}7s ;g\ !((^ sf] h'nfO{ -*–!(_ df h]g]efdf ;DkGg eof] . s/La Ps;o krf; /fi6«sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm a}7sdf dxf;GwLsf] bfloTj k"/f ug]{ qmddf xl/t u[x UofF; pT;h{gdf lgoGq0f ug{ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] u/]sf] k|ult d"Nof°g / efjL nIo lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] lyof] .

ljZj ;f}o{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng M jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] j}slNks pmhf{sf¿kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] ;f}o{ pmhf{sf] k|rngdf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] lhDafj]sf] /fhwfgL x/f/]df ;g\ !((^ sf] ;]K6]Da/ -!^–!&_ df ljZj ;f}o{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . ljZjsf s/La !@) /fi6« tyf ;+u7gsf !* /fi6« k|d'vx¿ ;lxt s/La Ps xhf/ k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;f] lzv/ ;Dd]ngn] ;f}o{ pmhf{ tyf bLuf] ljsf; ;DaGwL x/f/] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ug'{sf ;fy} ;g\ !((^ b]lv @))% ;Ddsf nflu ;f}o{ pmhf{ sfo{qmd ;d]t kfl/t u¥of] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z}lIfs, j}1flgs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;+u7gsf] k|of]hgdf ePsf] pQm ;Dd]ngn] ;f}o{ tyf cGo pmhf{ ;|f]tsf] k|of]u u/L jftfj/0fnfO{ lau|gaf6 hf]ufpg hf]8 lbg'sf ;fy} ;f}o{ pmhf{sf] ljsf;sf nflu k|fljlws ;DefJotf, cfly{s ;Ifdtf, ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts :jLsfo{tf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu @%# j6f cfof]hgf -sfo{qmd_ ;+rfng ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f u/L pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f sfo{qmd, ljZjJofkL lzIf0f tyf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd, ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ sfo{qmd, kfgL z'l4s/0f sfo{qmd tyf cf}Bf]lus/0f gLlt, ahf/ lj:tf/ Pjd\ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmd u/L %efudf ljefhg u¥of] . ;g\ !((% sf] ;]K6]Da/df !& /fi6«x¿ ;b:o /x]sf] ljZj ;f}o{ cfof]usf] u7g ul/Psf] lyof] .

df};d kl/jt{g ;DaGwL Sof]bf] ;Dd]ng M ;g\ !((& sf] l8;]Da/ -!–!!_ df hfkfgsf] k|frLg /fhwfgL zx/ Sof]bf]df df};d kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ljZjJofkL ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . ljZjsf !%( b]zsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm ;Dd]ngdf a9\bf] tfkqmd / xl/t u[x k|efjnfO{ sd ug]{ P]ltxfl;s ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ eof] . pQm ;Demf}tfdf ;xefuL /fi6«x¿n] k|b"if0f lgoGq0fsf nflu h}ljs OGwgaf6 pTkGg x'g] sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 / cGo kfFr j6f UofF;x¿ h}ljs kmf]x/af6 pTkfbg x'g] ldy]g, gfO6«;cS;fO8, xfO8«f]ˆnf]/f] sfa{G;, k/ ˆnf]/f] sfa{G; / ;Nkm/ x]Shfˆnf]/fO8nfO{ lgoGq0f u/]/ ;g\ !(() sf] cj:yfeGbf klxn]sf] l:yltdf sfod ug]{, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfn] xl/t UofF;sf] lgisf;g :t/nfO{ ;g\ !(() sf] :t/af6 ;ft k|ltzt, o'/f]k]nL dxf;+3n] * / hfkfgn] ;ft k|ltzt -of] nIo ;g\ @))* b]lv @)!@ sf] ;dofjlwdf k"/f ul/g]_, ci6]«lnof, gj]{ / cfO;Nof08n] cfˆgf] pt;h{g qmdzM *, ! / bz k|ltztn] a9fpg kfpg] tyf ?;n] s'g} kl/jt{g ug{ gkfpg], cGo @! cf}Bf]lus /fi6«x¿n] klg lglZrt laGb';Dd xl/t UofF;sf] lgisfzgdf s6f}tLug]{, #* j6f ljsl;t /fi6« / k"jL{ o'/f]ksf /fi6«x¿n] xl/t UofF;sf] lgisfzg ;g\ !(() sf] :t/eGbf %=@Ü eGbf a9Ln] emfg]{, lgwf{l/t laGb'eGbf sd UofF; pT;h{g ug]{ /fi6«n] cfkm"n] k|of]u gu/]sf] c+z cGo /fi6«nfO{ a]Rg ;Sg] h:tf k|lta4tfx¿ k|s6 u/] .

cGo s]xL cGt/f{li6«o k|of;
– ;f]¥xf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ O6fnLdf af]6flgsn uf8]{gsf] :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !^#% df k|mfG;df k|fs[lts ;+u|xfnosf] :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !&%( df a]nfotdf zfxL jg:kltsf] pBf]usf] :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !*(% df Go"of]s{df jg:klt pBfgsf] :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !()@ df hd{gLdf r/f ;+/If0f ;DaGwL ;GwLdf x:tfIf/ .

– ;g\ !(!) df a'|slngdf jg:klt pBfgsf] :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !(!!df ;+=/f= cd]l/sf, Sofg8f, ?; / hfkfgaLr e'jfbf/ 5fnfsf] pkof]u ;DaGwL ;GwL .

– ;g\ !(!# df k|s[lts e"–:j¿k ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng .

– ;g\ !(@) df Xj]n df5f ;+/If0f / pkof]u ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o Jo"/f]sf] :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !(@# df k|fs[lts :yn, ;f+:s[lts :df/s / k|f0fL tyf jg:kltsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu k]l/;df cGt/f{li6«o a}7s ;DkGg .

– ;g\ !(@* df a'|;]N;df k|s[lt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfof{no :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !($^ df o'g]:sf]sf] :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !(%) df ljZj hnjfo' ;+u7gnfO{ ;+=/f=;+=df ljlzli6s[t .

– ;g\ !(&@ df ;+=/f=;+3Lo jftfj/0f sfo{qmd (UNEP) :yfkgf .

– ;g\ !(&( df h]g]efdf ljZj hnjfo' ;Dd]ng ;DkGg .
– xl/z/0f 9'ªfgf

| cfj/0f kl/ro || j}1flgs JolQmTj || k|]/s k|;ª\u || vf]h÷ljz]if || d'Qms |
| hfgsf/L || ;DkfbsLo || zf:q || jftfj/0f || Pltxfl;s JolQmTj || jfo'd08n || hLj hGt' |
| cfly{s || ljrf/ || :yfg kl/ro || ;f}Gbo{ || hLjg bz{g || v]ns'b || lj1fg k|ljlw || clGtd kftf]] || Home