Health (Yuwamanch Monthly)

sfnfHj/ M s] xf] / s;/L aRg] <

sfnfHj/ Pp6f ;+qmfds /f]u xf] . of] /f]u ljz]ifu/L g]kfnsf] t/fO{ e]ult/ a9L nfUg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . oxfF o;} /f]u af/] s]xL hfgsf/L k|:t't 5 .

sfnfHj/ n]Oze]lgof hfltsf k/hLlj ;]G8NkmfOsf] 6f]sfOaf6 dflg;df ;g]{ /f]u xf] . of] /f]u k|foM h;f] hËnL / 3/kfn'jf hgfj/åf/f ;b{5g\ . sfnfHj/n] h'g;'s} pd]/sf JolQmnfO{ ;+qmd0f ug{ ;Qm5 . t/, w]/}h;f] %–#) jif{;Ddsf JolQmx¿nfO{ of] /f]u nfUb5 . of] /f]u @,))) lkm6eGbf cUnf] 7fpFdf kfOPsf] 5}g . o;sf] ls6f0f' ;]G8NkmfO 3/sf] elTsPsf], lr/f k/]sf] 7fpFsf] df6f]df km'n kf5{ / /ftdf dflg;nfO{ 6f]Sb5 . ;]G8NkmfO nueu !) lbg;Dd aFRb5 . ha o; ls6f0f'n] dflg;nfO{ 6f]Sb5 ta dflg;sf] z/L/sf] /utdf sfnfHj/sf] sL6f0f' k|j]z ug{ ;Qm5 .

sfnfHj/n] dflg;nfO{ ;+qmd0f u/]kl5 dflg;sf] k|s[lt lgs} km]l/G5 . cyf{t\ sfnfHj/ /f]u nfu]kl5 o;sf nIf0fx¿ b]lvG5g\ . of] /f]u nfu]kl5 Hj/f] cfpg] / lbgdf b'O{ k6s;Dd Hj/f] a9\g], /Qm cNktf x'g] / ODo'g–;k]|zg klg x'g ;Qm5 . kl5 /Qm>fj klg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . of] /f]un] cfqmd0f u/]kl5 cg'xf/df / kfv'/fdf sfnf bfu jf wAafx¿ b]lvg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ sfnfHj/ elgPsf] xf] . sfnfHj/ nfu]sf] dflg;x¿sf] skfn em/]/ d'8'Nn} x'g ;Qm5 . o; /f]un] ;dft]sf la/fdLx¿nfO{ 6L=aL= lgdf]lgof h:tf /f]un] rfF8} g} ;+qmd0f ug{ ;Qm5 .

sfnfHj/ nflu;s]sf /f]uLx¿nfO{ /ut k/LIf0f ubf{ /utdf No'sf]k]lgof b]lvG5 . /f]u nfu]kl5 pkrf/ ug'{eGbf nfUg} glbg' a'l4dfgL x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] nflu xfdLn] s] s:tf /f]syfdsf pkfo ug'{kb{5 eGg] s'/f hfGg' cfjZos 5 . o;sf] /f]syfdsf nflu OG;]G6L ;fO8x¿ dfnflog, 8L=8L=6L cflb k|of]u u/]/ of] /f]u ;fg]{ sL6f0f' dfg'{kb{5 . hËnL hgfj/ / vf; u/]/ xfF;, s'v'/f, ;'Fu'/, s's'/, km\ofp/f], a+u'/, d';f h:tf] kz'k+IfLaf6 ;g]{ x'gfn] logLx¿af6 klg ;'/lIft /xg'k5{ . 9n lgsf;, uf]7, vf]/ OToflb 7fpFdf sfnfHj/sf ls6f0f'x¿ af; ub{5g\ . To;sf/0f oL 7fpFx¿ ;kmf /fVg' kb{5 . of] ljz]if u/L t/fO{ e]udf jiff{ofd kl5 nfUg] x'gfn] of] /f]uaf6 t/fO{ af;Lx¿n] jiff{ofd kl5 aRgnfO{ klxn]b]lv g} /f]syfdsf pkfox¿ ckgfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

– ab|Lk|;fb k'8f;}gL

slAhotsf] ;/n pkrf/

/fd|f];Fu vfPsf] ef]hg kr]/ k]6 ;fkm gx'g' g} slAhot x'g' xf] . slAhot ;fdfGo ;d:of eP klg o;n] ljs/fn /f]u pTkGg u/L eo+s/ ;d:of l;h{gf ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] oxfF slAhot s;/L x6fpg] To;}af/] hfgf}+ .

slAhotsf] vf; pkrf/ eg]s} lgoldt :j:y vfg–kfg / cfxf/–ljxf/ g} xf] . :jefljs cfxf/–ljxf/, kmnkm"n, t/sf/L, cGg, b"w, kfgL cflbsf] ;]jg ugf{n] z/L/sf] dn ;lhn};Fu aflx/ lg:sG5 / slAhotsf] lzsf/ x'g'kb}{g . slAhotsf] z'?jft g} clgoldt cfxf/–ljxf/af6 x'G5 . xfdL k|foM xl/of] t/sf/L kmnkm"nx¿ / kfgLsf] k|of]u sd ub{5f}+ . kfln; ul/Psf] ;]tf] rfdn vfG5f}+ . b"wdf ePsf] kfgL ;'sfP/ k|of]u u5f}+{ . t/sf/Lsf] /]zf lgsfn]/ k|of]u u5f}{+ . v';f{gL / d/d;nfsf] clws k|of]u ub{5f}+ . To;}n] slAhotsf] z'?jft x'g yfN5 . lha|f]sf] :jfbsf] nflu eGbf z/L/sf] lxtsf] nflu ;f]r]/ vfg]s'/fx¿sf] k|of]u u¥of] eg] slAhotaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

olb s;}nfO{ s'g} slAhotsf] ;d:of 5 eg] pgLx¿n] sfFqmf], ufh/, uf]ne]8f, kfn'Ëf], aGbfuf]eL / wlgofF cflb ;a}nfO{ dl;gf] kf/L sf6]/ To;df xNsf g'g / sfutL /fvL lbgdf !–@ kfp hlt dfq eP klg vfg] ug'{kb{5 / kfgL k|z:t -lbgdf #–$ ln6/_ lkpg] ug'{ kb{5 . o;af6 slAhotsf] ;d:of x/fP/ hfG5 . o;/L ;nfb agfP/ vfg] ugf{n] ?lr klg a9]/ cfpF5 . lbge/df tLgk6s vfg]s'/f vfg] ug'{k5{ . kmnkm"nnfO{ klg ef]hgsf] c+usf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . olb ef]hg;Fu} kmnkm"n klg ;dfj]z 5 eg] clt /fd|f] x'G5 . w]/}h;f] dflg;x¿df kfgL ax't sd lkpg] afgL x'G5 . h;n] ubf{ slAhot x'g hfG5 . o:tf] dflg;x¿n] kfgL k|z:t lkpg] afgL a;fNg'k5{ . laxfg ;a]/} / ;fFemkv Psl5g 6xlng' klg :jf:Yosf] nflu /fd|f] x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ cfGb|fx¿n] k|efjzfnL sfo{ ug{ ;Sb5 . o;sf] ;fy;fy} cfGb|fx¿nfO{ dha't agfpg] csf]{ tl/sf klg 5, Tof] xf] df6f]sf] k§L s/La ^ OGr rf}8f / ! km'6 nfdf] k§L agfP/ k]6df /fVg] jf ToxL gfksf] tf}nLof lehfP/ k]6df -gfeLdfly_ /fVg] . o;/L s/La !%–@) ldg]6;Dd df6f]sf] k§L jf tf}lnof lehfP/ /fVgfn] k]6sf] cfGb|f dha't x'G5 / slAhotdf klg kmfObf k'U5 . cN;/ / Uofli6s cflbsf] la/fdLnfO{ klg df6f]sf] k§Laf6 kmfObf x'G5, t/ o;sf] nflu cln nfdf] ;do nfU5 !%–@) ldg]6 k|ltlbg s/La Ps 8]9 dlxgf;Dd df6f]sf] k§L k|of]u ug'{k5{ . To;} cg'¿k k|fs[lts ef]hg, Jofofd / cGo sfo{x¿ ug'{k5{ .

o; lsl;dsf] pkfoaf6 slAhot nufot :d/0f zlQmsf] sdL, ysfgsf] cg'e"lt, lgb|fsf] sdL, hf]gL{x¿ b'Vg], ckr, bd, 6fpsf] b'Vg], sDd/ b'Vg] b'j{ntf cflbdf ;d]t k|z:t kmfObf ldNb5 . o;/L 3/d} pTkflbt rLhx¿af6 7"nf 7"nf /f]ux¿ x6fpg ;lsg] kl/l:ylt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg xfdL km];gsf]¿kdf s8f /f;folgs ;+of]hgaf6 agfOPsf cfw'lgs cf}ifwLx¿ vfO{ z/L/sf] k|lt/IffTds IfdtfnfO{ g} x«f; u/fpg] / hLjge/L g} cf}ifwLsf l;;Lx¿ l;/fgLdf /fvL ;'Tg' kg]{ cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5f}+ . of]eGbf b'MvbfoL s'/f] s] xf]nf . To;}n] ;se/ cf}ifwL g} ;]jg gug]{ olb cf}ifwL ;]jg ug'{ kg]{ ePdf klg z/L/df k|lts"n c;/ gug]{ cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwLx¿sf] ;]jg ug]{ afgL a;fNg' cfhsf] k|d'v cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . ljsl;t b]zx¿sf dflg;x¿n] Pnf]k}lys cf}ifwLx¿ lgs} ;hu eP/ cToGt cfjZostfdf dfq k|of]u ub{5g\ eg] xfd|f] h:tf] ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf ;a}eGbf s8f / l5§} lgsf] ug]{ cf}ifwL la/fdLx¿n] g} dfUg] / vfg] km];g g} eO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf ;a}n] bL3{hLjgofkgsf] nflu k|fs[lts lrlsT;f / cfo'j]{bLo lrlsT;f k|lt pT;flxt x'g' clt cfjZos 5 . h+unL hgfj/, kz'kIfLx¿ / r/fr'?ËLx¿ klg la/fdL kb{5g\ t/ ltgLx¿nfO{ s;}n] klg 6\ofjn]6 / SofK;'n v'jfpFb}gg\ . ltgLx¿ s]jn h+unL h8La'6Lx¿ vfP/ g} :j:y / bL3{hLjL x'G5g\ . t;y{ o;tkm{ ;a}n] uDeL/ eP/ ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

– 8f= bLks ;'j]bL

ca SofG;/ klg c;fWo /f]u g/xg] Û

dflg;df nfUg] k|f0f3fts /f]ux¿dWo] k]6sf] SofG;/ klg Pp6f xf] . lrlsT;f j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ xfnsf jif{x¿df k]6 SofG;/sf /f]uLx¿sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L k]6 SofG;/sf /f]uLx¿ a9\b} hfg'sf] k5fl8 pgLx¿n] dflg;sf] abln+bf] hLjgz}nL, vfgkfg / /xg;xgnfO{ cf}+NofPsf 5g\ . oxfF o;} af/] s]xL hfgsf/L k|:t't 5 .

lrlsT;f j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ k]6sf] SofG;/ z'?df ;fdfGo k]6 b'vfOaf6 z'? x'g] ePsf]n] k]6sf] b'vfO{nfO{ ;fdfGo¿kn] x]g{ gx'g] b]lvG5 . k]6 b'vfO{sf] sf/0f cg]s x'g ;S5 . o;dWo] SofG;/ klg x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] k]6sf] b'vfO{nfO{ ;fdfGo¿kn] x]g{ gx'g] pgLx¿sf] ts{ 5 . ut jif{ hfkfgsf] 6f]lsof]df ePsf] SofG;/sf lrlsT;sx¿sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Ddn]gn] klg o;} s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] .

k]6sf] SofG;/nfO{ z'?d} pkrf/ u/] lgsf] kfg{ klg ;lsG5 . t/ l5KkL;s]kl5 o;n] ;a} c+unfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ ePsf]n] pkrf/ c;Dej k|foM aGg k'Ub5 . lrlsT;sx¿ eG5g\ –k|foM k]6 SofG;/sf /f]uLx¿ z'?df pkrf/ tkm{ Wofg lb+b}gg\ . ha c;}Xo x'G5 tadfq pkrf/sf] nflu cfpg] ub{5g\ . Tolta]nf;Dd SofG;/sf sf]lzsfx¿ k"/f z/L/df km}ln;s]sf] x'G5 . kmn:j¿k /f]uLnfO{ d[To'j/0f ug{ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk /xFb}g .

xfn lsdf]y]/fkL / ljls/0fåf/f SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;n] SofG;/sf] sf]lzsfnfO{ z/L/af6 lgsfNg] ePsf]n] tTsfnsf] nflu s]xL nfe ePsf] dx;"; t x'G5 t/ o;n] SofG;/sf] km}nfj6nfO{ /f]Sg eg] ;Sb}g / cGo :jf:Yo sf]lzsfx¿nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg klg ;Sb5 . o;sf] k|ltkmn oxL x'G5 ls zNolrlsT;fsf] s]xL ;dokl5 g} /f]uLsf] cj:yf c¿ ljs/fn aGg k'Ub5 . To;}n] xfn o; ;d:ofaf6 5'6sf/f lbnfpg la|l6; h}jk|f}Bf]lusLo sDkgLdf sfo{/t j}1flgsx¿n] jf6Ldf:6f6 gfds Ps o:tf] cf}ifwLsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ h;n] z/L/df SofG;/ sf]lzsfnfO{ km}lng lb+b}g / p;nfO{ clqmo kfg]{ sfd klg ub{5 .

ljz]if u/L k]6df SofG;/ sf]lzsfx¿nfO{ km}nfpg] sfddf d]l6«S; d]6f]nf]k|f]l6g];]; gfds >fjn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . j]:6g{ hg/n c:ktfn Pl8gju{df ul/Psf] jf6Ldf:6f6sf] k|f/lDes k/LIf0f ubf{ SofG;/sf] sf]lzsf km}nfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] d]l6«S; d]6f]nf]k|f]l6g];]; >fj ;lqmo ePsf] kfOPsf] lyof] . k/LIf0fsf] qmddf o;sf] ;"O{ k]6df nufOPsf] lyof] . cyf{t\ k]6df nufOPsf] jf6Ldf:6f6sf] ;'O{n] ;f] >fjdf ljBdfg lh+s k/df0f' d'Vo ;"qwf/sf]¿kdf sfd ug]{ tTjnfO{ k"0f{tM cfkm\gf] j;df /fv]/ p;nfO{ lgl:qmo agfPsf] lyof] . kmn:j¿k SofG;/ sf]lzsf km}lng ;s]g / SofG;/u|:y sf]zsf] jl/kl/ s'g} klg b|jsf] lgdf{0f x'g ;s]g . o;sf] k|ltkmn oxL eof] ls /f]uLn] k]6 b'vfO{af6 5'6sf/f kfPsf lyP .

jf6Ldf:6f6sf] cf/lDes k/LIf0faf6 ;Gt'i6 eP/ ODKkfl/on SofG;/ l/;r{ km08; d]l8sn cf]gsf]nf]hL o'lg6 Pl8gju{sf jl/i7 j}1flgs 8f= u]/fN8 lj6Lsf] g]t[Tjdf j]:6g{ hg/n c:ktfn Pl8gju{df g} k]6sf] SofG;/af6 kLl8t cGo !% JolQmx¿dfly jf6Ldf:6f6sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . o;dWo] ;ft JolQmn] 5f]6f] cjlws} nflu eP klg k]6 SofG;/af6 d'lQm kfPsf lyP eg] afFsLdf o;sf] k|efj dw'/f] b]lvPsf] lyof] .

k]6sf] SofG;/dfly 6f]lsof]df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm ;Dd]ngdf 8f= u]/fN8 lj6Ln] atfP cg';f/ jf6Ldf:6f6sf] Ps ;'O{ olb /f]uLsf] k]6df nufpg] xf] eg] p;n] rf/ dlxgf;Dd cf/fd kfpg ;S5 . pgsf cg';f/ xfd|f] k]6df /x]sf] Kof/L6f]lgon u'xfn] o; ;'O{nfO{ ;l~rt u/]/ nfdf] ;do;Dd ;]rg ug{ lbG5 . jf6Ldf:6f6sf] k|f/lDes ;kmntfx¿af6 lgs6 eljiodf SofG;/ /f]u c;fWo /f]u gx'g] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . cyf{t\ SofG;/ /f]unfO{ klg jf6Ldf:6f6n] pkrf/ ;fWo agfpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 .

k|:t'lt M g/gfy ;fksf]6f

:jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug]{ ;fgf] Sofd/f

:jf:Yo If]qnfO{ s'g} g s'g} /f]ux¿n] r'gf}lt lb+b} cfPsf]] eP tfklg gofF gofF cfljisf/ / pknlAwdf klg sdL cfPsf] 5}g . :jf:Yo If]qdf ePsf] o:tf k|fljlws ljsf;af6 o; If]qdf lbg /ft nflukg]{ lrlsT;sx¿nfO{ cem ;/n tl/sfaf6 s'g}klg /f]usf] lgSof}{n ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . la/fdLsf] kL8f ;d]tnfO{ o;sf] k|of]uaf6 sd ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 . xfn} dfq :jf:Yo lj1fg If]qdf Pp6f SofK;'n cfsf/sf] o:tf] Sofd/fsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5, h'g Sofd/f ljgfkL8f, /f]uLsf] z/L/ leq ;lhn} k7fpg ;lsG5 . o;df hl8Psf] ;"Id Sofd/fsf] d2tn] la/fdLdf ePsf] /f]ux¿sf] lgSof}{n ug{ ;xof]uL x'g] ;d]t b]lvG5 . of] Sofd/f xfn lrlsT;sx?n] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] OG8f]:sf]kL tyf sfnf]gf]:sf]kLsf] bfFhf]df, k|of]udf w]/} ;lhnf] / ;fgf] 5 . To;}n] cfsf/df ;fgf]] of] Sofd/fn] Ps lbg c;lhnf]¿kdf ul/g] sf]nf]gf]:sf]lkh / cGo c;lhnf] k/LIf0fnfO{ lj:tflkt ug]{5 .

of] ;"Id Sofd/fsf] k|of]ukl5 /f]on n08g c:ktfnsf Uof:6«f]OG6]/f]nf]lhi6 8f=kn ;a]g eGg'x'G5– æklxn] xfdLn] slxn] b]Vg g;s]sf] If]qsf] t:jL/x¿ o; ;"Id Sofd/fsf] d2tn] la/fdLnfO{ lagf kL8f b]Vg ;lsPsf] 5 . t/ OG8f]:sf]kLdf tf/x¿ /f]uLsf] d''v jf dnfzoaf6 k7fOg] ePsf]n] la/fdLdf kL8fsf] w]/} cg'ej x'G5 .Æ

cf]:sf/ k'/:sf/;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] ;g\ !(^^ sf] ;fOG; lkmS;g rnlrq …km]G6fl:6s EjfohÚ df o:t} /f]rs / cfZro{ k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . o; rnlrqdf pkrf/sf] lglDt cf}ifwLlj1x¿sf] 6f]nL ;d]tsf] Ps ;"Id kg8'AaL dfgj z/L/df /x]sf] /QmgnLdf k;]sf] lrq/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L rnlrqx?sf] gSsn ub}{ dflg;sf] jf:tljstfdf o;sf] k|of]u s;/L x'g;S5 eGg] ;f]raf6 o:tf k|ljlwx¿sf] ljsf; ePsf] eGg ;lsG5 .

OG8f]:sf]kLsf] k|of]uaf6 ul/g] k/LIf0faf6 dfgj z/L/sf] 3fF6LeGbf tn / 7"nf] cfGb|fsf] dflyNnf] efu b]vfpg ;S5 t/ z/L/sf] kfrg lqmofdf sfd ug]{ cfGb|f s/La #) lkm6 nfdf] / u'hlN6Psf] x'g] ePsf]n] cfGb|fsf] ;Dk"0f{ efu eg] b]vfpg ;Sb}g . sf]nf]gf]:sf]kL k|ljlwaf6 Ps kmfOa/ clK6s Sofd/f zfGt a;]sf] sf]pl/ssf] z/L/df k7fP/ 7"nf] cfGb|fsf] w]/} efusf] k/LIf0f u/]sf lyP, t/ ;fgf] cfGb|f w]/} nfdf] tyf c;lhnf] pks/0fsf] sf/0fn] k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsPg . o:tf cK7\of/f sf/0fx?nfO{ dx;'; u/L gofF SofK;'n cfsf/sf] Sofd/fsf] ljsf; Ps Oh/fonL sDkgL lueg Od]lhªn] u/]sf] xf] . ;j{k|yd o;sf] k/LIf0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf bz hgf :j:y JolQmx¿nfO{ pRr k|ljlwo'Qm of] SofK;'n vfg nufOPsf] lyof] . of] Sofd/f h8fg ul/Psf] SofK;'nnfO{ Ps lsl;dsf] ckfRo kbfy{n] a]l/Psf] 5 eg] of] ;fwf/0f PlG6jfof]l6s SofK;'neGbf s]xL dfq 7"nf] 5, ;fy} SofK;'nsf] Ps 5]pdf k|sfzsf nflu Ps ;fgf] Kjfn / 7"nf] sf]0fsf] n]G; ePsf] Ps Sofd/f hf]l8Psf] 5 . h8Lt Sofd/fnfO{ ;"Id Aof6«Ln] ;+rflnt ub{5 . /f]uLn] nufO{ /fv]sf] k]6Ldf h8Lt l/l;e/nfO{ Ps 6«fG;ld6/n] l8lh6n t:jL/x¿ k7fpF5 .

of] k|ljlwaf6 pkrf/ ul/g] la/fdLnfO{ OG8f]:sf]kLdf h:t} s]xL klg vfg lbO+b}g . o;/L la/fdLn] lgn]sf] SofK;'n ^ 306f kl5 lgoldt kfrg lqmofaf6 cfkm} lg:sG5 eg] SofK;''n k'gM k|of]u ul/b}g . o;/L l/l;e/af6 k|fKt l8lh6n t:jL/x¿ sDKo'6/df /fvL t:jL/sf] lj:n]if0faf6 /f]usf] lgSof}{n u/L pkrf/nfO{ ;/n agfpg ;S5 .

– cf/= 8L= >]i7

dfgl;s tgfj x6fpg] ;zQm dfWod M k|1f Wofg

cfhsf] o'u h'g af6f]df lx+l8/x]sf] 5, To;sf] nIo cyjf kl/0ffd w]/} g} b'Mvb x'g] 5 . xfdLx¿ cfwf/xLg ePsf 5f}+ . kl/jt{g ;+;f/sf] lgod xf] . s'g} klg ;Eotfsf] ljsf; x'G5 km]l/ To;sf] ljgfz x'G5 . ;"o{/, x8\Kkf, df]xg hf]b\8f], ld> a]jLnf]gsf] ;Eotfx¿ To;sf] ;fIfL xf] . of] ;To xf], To; ;Eotfsf] klg ljgfz x'g]5 . t/ clxn];Ddsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;Eotfsf] ljgfz k|s[ltsf] xftåf/f eof] . of] hlt b''Mvb / nHhfsf] s'/f xf] ls, o;kN6 xfd|f] ;Eotfsf] ljgfz xfdLx¿s} xftaf6 x'g]5 .

Wofg / of]uåf/f :j:Yo / zfGt dfgjsf] lgdf{0f x'g ;S5 . o;}åf/f Pp6f o:tf] ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f x'g ;S5 – h'g k]|d k"0f{ / cg'zfl;t x'g]5, wfld{s / clx+;s x'g]5 . zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s zlQmsf] ljsf;sf] nflu Wofgsf] cfjZostf 5 / s'g} dGq;Fu Wofg ugf{n] rfF8} ;kmntf kfpF5 . k|frLg sfnb]lv g} dGqx¿sf] cl:tTj /x]sf] 5 . ljleGg zlQmx¿nfO{ hfu[t ug{sf] nflu o;sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . jt{dfg sfndf klg dGqsf] pkof]lutf w]/} g} l;4 x'g ;S5 . cfhsf] ef}lts jfbL o'un] xfd|f] ;Eotf / ;dfhnfO{ czfGt agfOlbPsf] 5 . dg'iosf] dg w]/} rGrn x'G5 . r]tg / cr]tg b'j} cj:yfdf ;f]rL /xG5g . dgsf] b[li6df la/fdLsf] k|lqmofx¿ ;b}j rln/xG5 . dGqx¿sf] s'g} ljz]if cy{ x'Fb}gg\ . o;sf] cy{;Fu s'g} dtna klg x'g'x'Fb}g -kb}{g_ . dGq cg]sf}+ ljlzi6 zAbx¿sf] hf]/ xf] . h'g Ps ;fy x'gfn] dGqsf] ¿k lbG5 . nuftf/ dGqsf] pRrf/0f ugf{n] Pp6} Wjlg aGb5, h'g t/+usf] ¿k lnP/ cl:tTjdf lg/fsf/nfO{ ;fsf/ ub{5 .

dGqx¿sf] s'g} b]jL–b]jtf;Fu cfwf/e"t ;DaGw 5}g . dGq hkaf6 h'g Wjlg pTkGg x'G5 . Tof] dgleq hfG5 / dgsf] ;txdf t/+u k}bf ub{5 / oL Wjlg t/+ux¿ la:tf/}–la:tf/} xfd|f] r]tgfleq k|j]z ug{ yfN5 . Wjlgsf] oL t/+ux¿ ha dgsf] ulx/fO{nfO{ :kz{ u5{ ta dl:tisdf gofF zlQmsf] hGd x'G5 . o;n] JolQmsf] dgf]an, ;fx;, zlQm / ;f]Rg] zlQmdf j[l4 ub{5 . dGqaf6 pTkGg dfgl;s t/+ux¿, la:tf/} JolQmsf] cGtd{g / p;sf] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmTjnfO{ abNg ;S5 .

æzf/Ll/s ;+/rgf Æ

j}1flgs¿kaf6 of] l;4 e};Sof] ls, xfd|f] z/L/sf] ;r]tgfsf] k5fl8 cb[io ;ft z/L/ 5 . k+rtTjx¿ M– cfsfz, jfo', clUg, hn / k[YjLaf6 ag]sf] of] z/L/ xf] . o;nfO{ of]uL b]x elgG5 . b]xdf k|f0fsf] a; x'G5 . k|yd z/L/ xf] – :yn z/L/, o;nfO{ lkmlhsn z/L/ -afF8L_ elgG5 .

o;nfO{ xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . To;eGbf ;"Id csf]{ z/L/ xf] – cfsfz z/L/, o;nfO{ Oyl/s z/L/ elgG5 . t];|f] z/L/ p;sf] k5fl8 5 – ;"Id z/L/, o;nfO{ Pi6«n z/L/ elgG5 . To;sf] k5fl8 5 –rf}yf] z/L/, dg; z/L/, o;nfO{ d]6n z/L/ elgG5 . kfFrf] z/L/, o;sf] klg k5fl8 5 – cflTds z/L/, o;nfO{ l:k|l/r'cn z/L/ elgG5 . 5}7f}+ z/L/, o;sf] klg k5fl8 5 – To;nfO{ :y"n z/L/ elgG5 . o;nfO{ c+u|]hLdf sf]l:ds z/L/ elgG5 / ;ftf}+ z/L/ o;sf] k5fl8 5 – lh; lgjf{0f z/L/ elgG5 – afF8Ln]; z/L/ Û

oL ;ft z/L/sf] Pp6f Pp6f s]Gb| 5 . h;nfO{ ;ft rqm eGb5 . k|To]s rqmsf] -cnUu_ leGg – @ j6f gfd 5g\ . h:t} M != d'nfwf/, @= :jflwi7fg, #= dl0fk'/, $= cgfxt, %= ljz'4, ^= cf1f rqm, &= ;x:tf/ rqm . logLx¿nfO{ c+u]|hLdf qmdzM Kn]ljs–km\n]S;;, :s]/n – km\n]S;;, ;f]nf/–km\n]S;;, sfl8{s – km\n]S;;, sf}lj{sn – km\n]S;;, d]8'nf–km\n]S;; / ;]/]a|n km\n]S;; .

oL ;a}sf cnu -leGg_ – @ zlQmx¿ 5g\ . o;df Wofg ugf{n] o;sf] zlQmx¿ hfu[t x'G5 . km]l/ o;af6 ;DalGwt l;l4x¿ k|fKt x'G5 . rqmx?df Wofg ugf{sf] nflu hfgsf/ JolQmsf] k/fdz{ h?/L 5 . lsgeg] rqmx?sf] ;xL l:yltsf] hfgsf/L x'g' h?/L 5 . km]l/ To;kl5 rqmdf hf]/ Wofg nufpg'kb{5 .

oxfF d Wofgsf] ;/n / ;lhnf] k4ltsf] af/] eGg uO/x]sf] 5' . o; Wofgsf] gfd xf] k|1f Wofg (Pradence Medal) of] k"/f s[ofdf @% ldg]6sf] ;do nfU5 . o;nfO{ tLg r/0fdf ug'{kb{5 .

klxnf] r/0fdf M !) ldg]6;Dd …çÚ Wjlgsf] -nfO{_ nuftf/ pRrf/0f ug'{ 5 . Ps ;f;df Ps kN6 dfq} pRrf/0f ug]{ . k"/} !) ldg]6;Dd …çÚ Wjlgsf] pRrf/0f ul//xg] .

bf];|f] r/0fdf M !) ldg]6;Dd nuftf/ nfdf] / ulx/f] ;f; lng] / 5f]8\g] -km\ofFSg]_ . o; !) ldg]6df Pp6f klg To:tf] ;f; glng] h'gdf tkfO{+sf] Wofg uPsf] 5}g . k|To]s ;f;df Wofg /fVb} nfdf] / ulx/f] lng] / 5f]8\g] -km\ofFSg]_ .

t];|f] r/0fdf M of] t];|f] / clGtd r/0f xf] . % ldg]6sf] 5 . o;df zfGt / ;xh efjn] leqL s[ofx¿nfO{ cg'ej ug]{ / aflx/L cfjfhx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ cg'ej ug]{ .

o; afx]s dfgl;s zflGt / tgfj d'lQmsf] nflu o; c+s dGqsf] -hk_ Wofg ug'{ klg nfesf/L x'g]5 . o;nfO{ !) ldg]6 lbgx'F ug'{k5{ .

ç Ps ;ft kfFr tLg gf} gdM cfhsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;'v ;'ljwfsf] afah"b dflg; /f]u, tgfj / ljleGg b'Mvx¿af6 x}/fg 5g\ . dfly lnlvt s[ofx¿åf/f tgfj x6fpg ;lsG5 / cfkm\gf] hLjg :j:Yo / ;'vL agfpg ;lsG5 . ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf dflg; olb o;nfO{ u/] eg] cem sNof0fsf/L x'g]5 .

– cfrfo{ >L w|'j

:jf:Yo ;Nnfx

slj/fh–huGgfy >f]lqo

;d:ofM– d Ps !* jifL{o o'js x'F . d cfkm\gf] z/L/nfO{ :j:y /fVg rfxG5' . t/ dnfO{ s]xL jif{ cufl8b]lv d'vdf ;]tf km";|f ;fgf–;fgf 6f6fx¿ b]lvg yfn] . To;kl5 8fS6/nfO{ hrfO{ ljleGg cf}ifwLx¿ nufpg yfn]+, t/ lgsf] ePg . lxpFbdf bfbsf] :yfg a9\b} hfG5 eg] jiff{df s]xL sd klg x'G5 t/ jif]{gL cfO/xG5 . o;sf] pkrf/ af/] atfOlbg' eP cfef/L x'g] lyPF .

– o'j/fhsfsL{ …/fds[i0f]Ú, /]zf–!, b'/fdf/], afUn'ª

pQ/M– tkfO{+sf] d'vdf cfPsf ;]tf bfux¿ tyf ;–;fgf 6f6fx¿df ;fFem ;'Tg]a]nf lgdsf] sf7 / xn]bfsf] a'9L 3f]6]/ d'vdf nufO{ ;'Tg] / laxfg d'v wf]O{ ;kmf u/]/ …ozb dndÚ -kl6ofnf_ nufpg] ug'{ePdf 6f6fx¿ x/fpFb} hfg]5g\ . la:tf/} tkfO{+sf bfux¿ gx/fPdf k'gM kqfrf/ ug'{xf]nf .

;d:ofM– d Ps @% jifL{o o'js x'F . s/La ! jif{b]lv dnfO{ dgdf cg]s lsl;dsf s'/fx¿ cfpg] u5{ . hf];Fu klg 8/fpg] u5'{ . h;nfO{ x]5'{ p;n] dnfO{ l/;fP/ x]/]sf] / lvHofPsf] h:tf] nfU5 . s;}sf] cufl8 kg{ dg gnfUg], n's]/ 5lnP/ lx+8\g'kg]{, ukm ubf{ xfF:bf Psbd} 8/ dfgL ge{; x'g], nfh nfUg], cflQg] x'G5 . d o;af6 d'lQm kfpg ;S5' <

– k|df]b sfsL{, l;Gw'nL

pQ/M– tkfO{+n] n]Vg' ePsf nIf0fx¿nfO{ s]nfP/ x]bf{ tkfO{+nfO{ k|d]x -wft'_ ;DaGwL /f]u h:tf] wft' aUg], :jKg bf]if x'g] jf x:td}y'g cflb s'g} /f]un] kLl8t x'g'kb{5 . ;fy} s'g} k]|d jf of}g ;DaGwL b'/frf/af6 klg o;/L x[bo b"a{n e} dfgl;s cj:yfdf ;d]t afwf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . ctM cfkm"nfO{ s'g} s'nt nfu]sf] eP To:tf] nt 5f]l8lbg' kb{5 . cf}ifwLdf …k|jfn eidÚ – !) u|fd …gfufh'{gf e|f;Ú – !) u|fd, …ds/ Wjh jl6Ú # u|fd …l;tf] knflb r"0f{Ú – #) u|fd ldnfO{ $! dfqf agfO{ laxfg a]n'sf vfnL k]6df dxl;t lbgdf @ k6s ;]jg ug'{xf]nf . ;fy} …k~rfl/i6Ú tyf …l;/k z+v k'ikLÚ qmdzM $ rDrf / @ rDrf vfgfkl5 lbgdf @ k6s ^ xKtf ;]jg u/]df 7Ls x'g]5 .

;d:ofM– xfn d @) jif{sf] 5' . aRrfb]lv g} d]/f] z/L/ k"0f{ :j:y 5 . clxn] d]/f] jhg ^% lsnf] 5 . d w]/} k|of; ul//fv]sf] 5' ls d]/f] jhg sd xf];\ . o;sf] nflu s] ug'{knf{ <

– ;+ho s'= emf …;+h'Ú, 7]/f, wg'iff

pQ/M– tkfO{+sf] pd]/ cg';f/ ePsf] jhg a9L x'g k'u]5 . t/ jhg eGg] s'/f dflg;sf] x8\8Lsf] df]6fO / prfO;Fu ;DaGw /xG5 . olb tkfO{+sf] prfO % !÷@ lkm6 eGbf a9L 5 / x8\8L klg df]6f] / nfdf] 5 eg] tkfO{+sf] jhg a9L eGg ldNb}g . ;fy} 8/fpg' kg]{ sf/0f klg b]lv+b}g . ctM tkfO{+sf] z/L/ df]6f] / e2f 5 eg] tkfO{+n] laxfg kl;gf cfpGh]n v'nf :yfglt/ bf}8\g] Pj+ lrNnf] / ljz]if kf}li6s kbfy{ Psbd sk ug]{ / ;fbf vfgf vfg] u/]df z/L/df ef/ 36\g] 5 .

;d:ofM– d !& jifL{o o'jtL x'F . d]/f] xft v'§fdf ;fgf ljld/f cfpF5 / lrnfpF5 . lrnfPsf] 7fpFdf sfnf] bfu a;]sf] 5 . Tof] lrnfpg] /f]u ;fg}af6 ePsf] xf] . plrt ;Nnfxsf] cfzf ub{5' .

– rLgLdfof u'?ª, s]6faf/L, vf]/vf

pQ/M– xft v'§fdf ljld/f cfpg] / lrnfpg] s'/f, PnhL{ / cGo 5'O /f]ux¿ klg x'g;Sb5g\ . h]xf];\ tkfO{+n] …j[= s"l/b|fv08Ú lbgdf @ k6s !÷! rDrf vfnLk]6df lbgdf @ k6s b"w jf kfgLl;t tyf …uGws ld>0fÚ @÷@ uf]nL lbgdf @ k6s vfnLk]6df g} b"wl;t ;]jg ug'{ cfjZos 5 . pk/f]Qm cf}ifwLsf] ;fydf …;fl/jfwf;jÚ $÷$ rDrf a/fa/ kfgL ld;fO{ vfgfkl5 $÷^ xKtf;Dd k|of]u u/]df tkfO{+sf] ;d:of ;lhn}l;t ;dfwfg x'g]5 . t/ ^ xKtf;Dd k|of]u ug'{ / cf}ifwL ;]jg sfndf uf]ne]+8f, df5f / tfdfsf] ;]jg gug'{ xf]nf .

;d:ofM– d @@ jifL{o Ps cljjflxtf s]6L x'F . dnfO{ s]xL jif{ otfb]lv lb;fdf /ut b]lvg] / /ut aUg z'? u/]kl5 dnåf/ klg b'Vg] u5{ . d]/f] cg'dfg cg';f/ v';f{gL / sfFrf] Kofh vfgf;Fu ;]jg ubf{ eP h:tf] nfU5 . Kofh / v';f{gL vfg 5f]8]sf] s]xL lbg kZrft\ cfkm} cf/fd x'G5 . s] v';f{gL / Kofhsf] sf/0f dnfO{ o:tf] ePsf] xf] < km]l/ dnfO{ s]xL dlxgf otfb]lv 5fltleq la:tf/ la:tf/ b'Vg] / slxn]sfxL+ w]/} bb{ x'g] u5{ . xfn;Dd s'g} pkrf/ u/]sf] 5}g . oL ;d:ofx¿sf] :yfoL ;dfwfgsf] ck]Iff ub{5' .

–k|lt1f >]i7, ;dfna'Ë, lbk]Gb| lzv/, Onfd

pQ/M– tkfO{+sf] z/L/sf] k|s[lt u/d h:tf] a'lemG5 gePdf v';f{gLx¿ vfFbf /ut aUg] / b'Vg] x'g] nIf0f x'g] lyPg . ctM u/d rLhsf] ;]jg gug'{ xf]nf . ;fy} …czf{ SofK;'nÚ kl6ofnfsf] ;]jg @÷@ SofK;'n lbgdf @ k6s vfnL k]6df kfgLl;t ;]jg ug]{ / vfgfkl5 …ceofl/i6Ú gfdsf] emf]n cf}ifwL vfgfkl5 lbgdf @ k6s !÷@ dlxgf;Dd k|of]u u/]df cf/fd x'g]5 .

;d:ofM– d !( jifL{o o'jtL x'F . d]/f] @÷# jif{b]lv sDd/ b'V5 . hf8f] ;dodf a9L b'Vb5 . o;sf] nflu s'g cf}ifwL k|of]u ug'{k5{ / cf}ifwL s'g s'g 7fpFdf kfOG5 . s[kof /f]u lgbfgsf] pkfo atfOlbg' xf]nf .

– sdnf zdf{, afUn'ª

pQ/M– hf8f] ofddf a9L x'g] / c¿ ;dodf sd x'g] x'Fbf tkfO{+nfO{ lr;f]sf] k|efj b]lvof] . dlxnfx¿nfO{ k|foM wft' IfL0f ePdf ;]tf] kfgL aUg] / sdhf]/L klg cfpF5 . ctM tkfO{+sf] /f]usf] k"0f{ ljj/0f x]bf{ …rGb| k|efjl6Ú @÷@ uf]nL vfnL k]6df @ k6s / …of]u/fh u'Uu'nÚ @ uf]nL / …k]gf]l8gÚ @ uf]nL lbgdf # k6s ;]jg ug'{ . tkfO{+sf] ;d:of @÷# dlxgfleq tkfO{+nfO{ k"/f cf/fd x'g]5 .

;d:ofM– d clxn] !% jif{sf] ePF . d]/f] xftsf] cf}+nfx¿df b'aL lg:s]sf] 5 . of] lg:s]sf] Psb'O{ jif{ eO;Sof] . of] /f]u lgsf] kfg{ s] ug'{knf{ <

– k'0o 5]qL, l6:6f, bflh{lnª

pQ/M– tkfO{+sf] cf}+nfx¿df lg:s]sf] b'aL xf] jf cGo 5'b| jf 5fnfsf] /f]u xf] :ki6 t x'g ;s]g . t/ klg cf}+nfx¿df rxs ;]tf] ePsf] xf] eg] …No"sf]8df{Ú gfd u/]sf] /f]u x'g;Sb5 . ctM tkfO{+n] …uGws /;fogÚ gfdsf] cf}ifwL @÷@ uf]nL vfnL k]6df lbgdf @ k6s b"wl;t tyf …vlb/f l/i6Ú / …;fl/jfwf;jÚ $÷$ lrof rDrf a/fa/ kfgL ldnfO{ ef]hgkl5 lbgdf @ k6s sDtLdf $÷% dlxgf ;]jg ug'{xf]nf . b"w / g'lgnf] kbfy{ Ps ;fy gvfg] . df5f slxn] gvfg] cf}ifwL ;]jgkl5 s:tf] x'G5 kqfrf/ ug'{xf]nf .

;d:ofM– ljut s]xL dlxgfb]lv nuftf/ lhp lrnlrnfO/xG5 . d}n] glhssf] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf uP/ hrfPF . PnhL{ ePsf] elg cf}ifwL vfFbf klg 7Ls ePg . n'tf]sf] z+sf u/L cf}ifwL nufpFbf klg lrnfpg 7Ls ePg . sGofpFbf sGofpFb} r/r/ ub}{ kf]n]/ /ut cfpg yfNof] . s] of] /f]un] eljiodf dnfO{ cK7\of/f] t kfb}{g < o;nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ ca s] ug{'knf{ <

– lbklzvf ef]hk'/], dNkfgL–#, lb+nf ahf/, ef]hk'/

pQ/M– tkfO{+nfO{+ PnhL{ jf n'tf] s] ePsf] xf] :ki6 t x'g ;s]g . t}klg :jf:Yo rf}sLdf PnhL{ eg]sf] x'gfn] PnhL{ x'g ;Sb5 . ctM ghfFrL oxL /f]u ePsf] eGg ;lsPg . tfklg …j[= xl/b|fv08Ú !÷! rDrf lbgdf @ k6s vfnL k]6df tyf …;fl/jfwf;jÚ $÷$ rDrf a/fa/ kfgL ldnfO{ ef]hgf]Q/ ;]jg u/]df tkfO{+sf] lrnfpg] /f]u cf/fd x'g]5 . t/ cf}ifwL eg] s/La # dlxgf nuftf/ ;]jg ug'{xf]nf . o;af6 nfe geP k'gM kqfrf/ ug'{xf]nf .

;d:ofM– em08} # jif{ cl3b]lv dnfO{ h] vfg]s'/f vfFbf klg k]6 ef/L x'g]–km'Ng] ;fy} lb;f klg kftnf] x'g] x'G5 . lb;f klg Ps}rf]6L lgv|b}g . k]6 ;w+} g} s/fO/xG5 . o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] pkfo atfOlbP x[bob]lv g} cfef/L x'g]lyPF .

– cnsf pkfWofo, df]/ª

pQ/M– cnsfhL tkfO{+sf] k]6 v/fa ePsf] sf/0f oxL xf] eGg t ;lsPg . t/ klg dGbflUg ePsf] x'g;Sb5 . ctM …lxUjfi6s r"0f{Ú ! rDrf vfgf vfg'eGbf cl3 k+r ufF;df ld;fP/ jf d'5]/ lbgdf @ k6s lgTo laxfg a]n'sf ;]jg u/]df # dlxgfleq cf/fd x'g]5 . cf}ifwL eg] @÷# dlxgf vfg clgjfo{ 5 .

d[uf}nfsf] kTy/Laf6 aRg] ;lhnf] pkfo

cfh olb s;}nfO{ d[uf}nf ;DaGwL ;d:of 5 eg] 7fg] x'G5 bz jif{ kl5 pm kSs} klg :6]«r/;Dd k'Ug] 5 / b'vfO{ cfhsf] eGbf slDtdf b'O{u'gf a9L x'g]5 . duf}nfn] /utdf ePsf ljsf/x?nfO{ 3/sf] lkmN6/n] h:t} 5fg]/ lk;fa agfpFb5 / z/L/nfO{ xfgL ug]{ rLhx¿sf] lgisf;g ub{5 . t/ oxL lgisfzgsf] k|lqmofdf sxL+ st} v/faL cfof] eg] d[uf}nfdf vlgh tTjx¿ hDg ;Sb5g\ / o;}nfO{ kTy/L (stone) elgG5 . :d/0f /xf];\ – ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] kTy/L klg eo+s/ b'vfO{sf] sf/0f aGb5 . ;fy} lk;fadf /ut b]lvg] dfq xf]Og d"q dfu{sf] OGkm]S;gsf] ;fydf d[uf}nf Ifltu|:t aGg hfG5 / hLjgnLnf g} ;dfKt x'G5 . oxfF o;} ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] ;fydf s;/L d[uf}nfsf] kTy/L aGgaf6 hf]lug] eGg] ;/n t/ ;f¥x} hLjgf]kof]uL tl/sfx¿ k:sg] hdsf]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

s:tfnfO{ x'G5 t kTy/L <M–

@) b]lv %) jif{sf JolQmx¿dWo] dlxnfdf eGbf k'?ifdf of] /f]u a];L b]lvG5 . To:tf] JolQmnfO{ klg kTy/L x'g] ;+efjgf c9fO{ u'gf a9\tf x'G5, h;sf] a'af cfdf tyf kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:onfO{ of] /f]u nfu]sf] 5 .

kTy/L aGg] tl/sf M–

em6\6 x]bf{ lk;fa ;fdfGo t/n kbfy{ h:t} b]lvP klg s] ;To xf] eg] of] ;of}+ /;fogx¿ ldn]/ ag]sf] x'G5 . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf vlgh tTjx¿ ;"Id s0fsf¿kdf x'G5g\ . t/ ljz]if kl/l:yltdf ha tL Ps cfk;df ldn]/ lqm:6nsf]¿k wf/0f ub{5g\ / z/L/sf] cfjZostf adf]lhd kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ x'Fb}g ta tL lqm:6nx¿ Ps cfk;df ldnL d[uf}nfsf] kTy/L aGg] qmdsf] z'?jft x'G5 . o; lsl;dsf] kTy/Ldf *) k|ltzt SoflN;od lhDd]jf/ x'G5, t/ Pp6f zt{ s] 5 eg] kTy/L agfpg o;n] cShfn]6, o'l/s Pl;8, kmf]:km]6 cflb ;Fu ldNg} kg]{ x'G5 . t/ o;sf] cy{ of] gnfuf];\ ls sd SoflN;odo'Qm vfgf vfFbf kTy/Laf6 aRg ;lsG5 . a? xfdLn] Pp6f s'/f] s] e'Ng' x'Fb}g eg] SoflN;odo'Qm vfgf vfFbf kTy/Lsf] ;+efjgf emg} sd x'G5 .

kTy/Lsf nIf0fx¿

!= ha d"q dfu{df kTy/L a:5 / lk;fa aGb x'G5, ta d[uf}nfdf o;sf] ha/h:tL bafj a9\g hfG5 / cToGt} s8f b'vfO{sf] dx;'; x'G5, h;nfO{ /]gn sf]lns (Renal Colic) elgG5 . la:tf/} of] b'vfO{ k]6, lt3|fsf hf]gL{ tyf hg]lGb|o;Dd km}lnG5 / b'vfO{ emg} a9\g'sf ;fy} /f]uLnfO{ afGtf klg x'g ;S5 . of] cj:yf nfdf] ;do;Dd /x]sf] v08df :yfoL¿kd} d[uf}nf v/fa x'g ;S5 .

@= d[uf}nfdf g} kTy/L hd]sf] v08df () k|ltzt JolQmsf] lk;fadf /ut b]vf kb{5 . To:tf JolQmx¿ efUodfgL 7x5{g h;sf] lk;fadf /ut b]vfk5{ / t'?Gt pkrf/ tkm{ nfU5g\ lsgsL Tof] lk8f8foL b'vfO{sf] cg'ej pgLx¿n] ug'{kb}{g .

/f]syfdsf] pkfo

kTy/Lsf] z'?jftd} o;sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ 8fS6/L pkrf/ u/fpg' Pp6f a'l4dfgL kIf xf] eg] Tof] eGbf klg a'l4dfgL kIf eg]sf] /f]u g} nfUg glbg' xf] . s'/f cufl8 g} sf]l§O;s]sf] 5 ls ha oy]i6 dfqfdf tL ag]sf lqm:6nx¿sf] lgisfzgsf] nflu z/L/df kfgLsf] k"lt{ x'Fb}g tadfq ltgLx¿ hD5g\ / kTy/L aGb5 . To;}n] kTy/Lsf] /f]syfd eg]sf] b}lgs e/k"/ dfqfdf kfgL, kfgL / km]l/ klg kfgLsf] ;]jg dfq} xf] tfsL sd;]sd b}lgs @ nL= t/n kbfy{ lk;fasf]¿kdf z/L/af6 lgisfzg xf]cf];\ . o;sf] ;fy} lgDg s'/fdf Wofg lbP w]/} g} kmfObf k'Ug] b]lvG5 .

– SoflN;od ;lKnd]G6 / le6fldg …l8Ú ;lKnd]G6 afx]s SoflN;odo'Qm cfbz{ cfxf/ lng] .

– ;v/v08, slkm, lu/Lbf/ kmn h:tf cShfn]6 w]/} x'g] rLhx¿ gvfg] .

– cTolws k|f]l6g kfOg] rLhx¿ h:tf] df;' gvfg] / g"g klg ;s];Dd sd} vfg] .

– :ofp tyf c+u'/ afx]s sfutL tyf cGo cldnf] kmnkm"n cWolws dfqfdf ;]jg ug]{ .

– bLks /]UdL, sf7df8f}+ d]l8sn sn]h, hf]/kf6L